2022湖南师大附中高一上学期期末考试英语含解析

这是一份2022湖南师大附中高一上学期期末考试英语含解析，文件包含湖南师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题含解析docx、湖南师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共33页， 欢迎下载使用。

湖南师大附中2021-2022学年度高一第一学期期末考试
英 语
时量：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？
A．£ 19.15． B．£ 9.18． C．£ 9.15．
答案是C。
1．Where are the speakers probably？
A．In the street． B．In a bookstore． C．In a restaurant．
2．Who will go abroad next month？
A．Lucy． B．Mary． C．Jane．
3．What do we know about the man？
A．He might be fired． B．He got a promotion． C．He got a new job．
4．What time is it now？
A．2:30． B．3:00． C．3:30．
5．What is the man doing？
A．Knocking at the door． B．Turning on the light． C．Looking for the key．
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does the woman call the man？
A．To arrange a meeting．
B．To invite him to her party．
C．To ask him to meet a customer．
7．Where is the man’s factory？
A．In London． B．In Leeds． C．In Bath．
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What was the man probably doing when the woman called？
A．Watching a game． B．Doing some cleaning． C．Visiting a museum．
9．When does the man’s wife work at the museum？
A．On weekends．
B．On weekday mornings．
C．On weekday afternoons．
10．What does the woman think of the game？
A．Wonderful． B．Just so-so． C．Disappointing．
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．When is parking allowed according to the sign？
A．From 7:00 a．m．to 8:00 a．m．
B．From 9:00 a．m．to 6:00 p．m．
C．From 5:00 p．m．to 6:00 p．m．
12．Why is the woman worried？
A．Her driving license will be cancelled．
B．Her car will be pulled away．
C．Her insurance will be raised．
13．What does the man suggest the woman do？
A．Protest the ticket． B．Call the police officer． C．Throw away the ticket．
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What time will the match be held？
A．At 1:45 p．m． B．At 2:00 p．m． C．At 2:45 p．m．
15．How many members does the club have？
A．12． В．20． C．49．
16．What is Michael？
A．A player． B．A soldier． C．A coach．
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．On what day is the street dance class？
A．Monday． B．Tuesday． C．Wednesday．
18．Who will teach the Latin dance class？
A．Angela Stevenson． B．Janine Davis． C．Andrew．
19．How much does the Latin dance class cost per hour？
A．$ 7.5． B．$ 10.5． C．$ 11．
20．Which class is for early risers？
A．The street dance． B．The Latin dance． C．The folk dance．
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Similar holidays are celebrated in many parts of the world. Here are four famous festivals!
Carnival（狂欢节）
Brazil’s most popular and festive holiday is Carnival. In fact, many people consider Carnival as one of the world’s biggest celebrations. Each spring, on the Saturday before Ash Wednesday, the streets of Brazil’s largest city, Rio de Janeiro, come alive with wild parties, festivals and thrilling balls. And the Samba School Parade is the highlight of the four-day event. About 3, 000 performers, wearing colorful costumes with feathers, beads and thousands of gold coins, dance down the parade route. Judges award a prize to the most brilliant group of dancers.
Cocuk Bayrami
Each April 23, Turkey celebrates Cocuk Bayrami, or Children’s Day. Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk declared the holiday in 1920, as Turkey was becoming an independent nation after the fall of the Ottoman Empire, to symbolize children were the future of the new nation. Children all over Turkey dress up in special costumes or the national costumes for Cocuk Bayrami. Many children perform in plays or musicals. The centerpiece of Cocuk Bayrami takes place in Turkey’s capital, Ankara, where children from around the world sing and dance in a spectacular pageant（盛大庆典）.
Day of the Dead
Day of the Dead is celebrated on November l in Mexico, Ecuador, Guatemala and other parts of Central and South America. Families gather to pray to the souls of dead relatives, asking them to return for just one night. People decorate altars（祭坛）in their homes and gravesites with food, candles, candy skulls and marigolds to welcome the souls back to earth. Skeletons are displayed throughout cities, and people dressed as skeletons parade through the streets. Day of the Dead sounds like a terrifying event, but it’s a time to celebrate and remember the lives of dead family members.
Diwali（排灯节）
Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, is the best known of Hindu celebrations and certainly the brightest. It is celebrated on New moon day of Kartika, although the celebrations begin two days before that date and end two days after that date. In the darkest skies of autumn, lights brighten homes throughout India—a sign of welcome to the gods Rama and Lakshmi. Families get together and celebrate with gifts and feasts. Many families decorate their homes with flowers and draw a colorful rangoli, a pattern made in rice flour, at the entrance of the home.
1. From which festival can people be awarded?
A. Carnival. B. Cocuk Bayrami.
C. Day of the Dead. D. Diwali.
2. Which festival is celebrated in South Asia?
A. Carnival. B. Cocuk Bayrami.
C. Day of the Dead. D. Diwali.
3. What can we infer from the text?
A. Brazil’s Carnival can be yearly celebrated for a whole week in spring.
B. Children in Turkey celebrate Cocuk Bayrami as their Children’s Day.
C. Day of the Dead is to remember the lives of dead family members in North America.
D. During Diwali Festival families gather and celebrate with gifts and feasts for four days.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个著名的节日。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Carnival部分“Judges award a prize to the most brilliant group of dancers.”（评委会将奖项颁发给最杰出的舞者。）可知，在狂欢节，表演最精彩的舞者会获得奖励。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Diwali部分“Diwali，the Hindu festival of lights，is the best known of Hindu celebrations and certainly the brightest.”（排灯节，印度教的灯节，是印度教最著名的庆祝活动，当然也是最明亮的。）可知，南亚国家印度庆祝排灯节。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Cocuk Bayrami部分“Each April 23, Turkey celebrates Cocuk Bayrami, or Children’s Day. Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk declared the holiday in 1920, as Turkey was becoming an independent nation after the fall of the Ottoman Empire, to symbolize children were the future of the new nation.”（每年4月23日，土耳其庆祝儿童节。土耳其领导人穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔图尔克于1920年宣布这一节日，因为土耳其在奥斯曼帝国倒台后成为一个独立的国家，象征着儿童是这个新国家的未来。）可知，土耳其的孩子们将Cocuk Bayrami作为儿童节庆祝。故选B项。
B
Katherine Johnson was the most recognized of the African American “human computers”, and she was a NASA female mathematician who calculated(计算)trajectories for early space flights-from the 1930s until the 1980s.
Born in 1918, in the little town of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers. As a child, she counted everything. She counted the steps on the road, the steps up to school, the number of dishes she washed. By the time she was 10 years old, she had been a high school freshman, which was truly amazing in a time when school for African-Americans normally stopped at eighth grade. To realize her math potential, her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education. Katherine’s excellent performance proved her father’s decision was the right one：Teachers allowed Katherine to skip several grades to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18, majoring in mathematics, as the top student of the historically black West Virginia State College in Institute.
In 1953, after years as a teacher and later as a stay-at-home mom, she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called “computer”. Even after NASA began using electronic computers, the astronaut John Glenn requested that she should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.
She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986. Her calculations proved important to the success of the Apollo lunar landing program and the United States journey into space. Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures.
Katherine Johnson, a great mathematician, physicist, space scientist and the last “computer” who wore skirts, passed away on February 24, 2020.
4. What can we learn about Katherine from paragraph 2?
A. She left school at eighth grade. B. She skipped grades in college.
C. She went to high school at 14. D. She was gifted in math as a child.
5. How long did Katherine work at NASA?
A. For 18 years. B. For 33 years.
C. For 51 years. D. For 67 years.
6. Why was Katherine called “computer” in NASA?
A. She played the role of a computer.
B. She calculated as fast as computers.
C. She was in charge of the computers.
D. She was skilled in operating computers.
7. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Female scientists at NASA
B. A great female mathematician’s decision
C. Katherine Johnson, a computer who wore skirts
D. Katherine Johnson’s great educational background
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Katheriine Johnson凭借自己的数学头脑为NASA作出重要贡献的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As a child, she counted everything.”（小时候，她什么都数）以及“To realize her math potential，her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia, where blacks could continue high school education.”（为了实现她的数学潜能，她的父亲开车120英里带着家人去了西弗吉尼亚州的学院，在那里黑人可以继续接受高中教育。）可知，Katherine Jonhnson小时候在数学方面很有天赋。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1953, after years as a teacher and later as a stay-at-home mom, she began working for NASA”（1953年，在做了多年的教师和后来的全职妈妈后，她开始为NASA工作）以及第四段“She continued to work at NASA until her retirement in 1986.”（她继续在NASA工作，直到1986年退休）可知，1953年Katherine Johnson开始为NASA工作，1986年退休，她在NASA工作了33年。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“she began working for NASA, which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel tests in 1935. In a time before the electronic computers, these women were called “computer”.”（她开始为NASA工作，NASA于1935年开始雇佣女性来测算风洞试验的结果。在电子计算机出现之前的一段时间，这些女性被称为“计算机”）可知，凯瑟琳在NASA负责测算风洞试验的结果，担任计算机的角色。故选A项。
【7题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了Katheriine Johnson凭借自己的数学头脑为NASA作出重要贡献的故事，结合最后一段“Katherine Johnson, a great mathematician, physicist, space scientist and the last “computer” who wore skirts, passed away on February 24, 2020.（凯瑟琳·约翰逊于2020年2月24日去世，她是一位伟大的数学家、物理学家、太空科学家，也是最后一位穿着裙子的“计算机”）”所以“凯瑟琳·约翰逊，一个穿着裙子的计算机”可以作为文章标题。故选C项。
C
Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics(工作狂). How could a person tell that he/she is a workaholic? A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: when work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.
Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working—or doing something to promote their work—they feel anxious and guilty. They hang onto jobs for dear life and do everything they can to make sure they’re essential.
There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit(追求) doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range of health problems, such as anxiety and heart disease.
Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study published in the American Journal of Family Therapy found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising, since if you’re married to your work, it can be difficult to be married to anything, or anyone, else. There have also been studies looking at the influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression and anxiety and a weaker sense of self.
However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self-worth and confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life, you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution.
8. What can we infer about workaholics?
A. They put work in the first place.
B. They usually have life outside work.
C. They often get pleasure from work.
D. They win respect from their workmates.
9. What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about?
A. Bad influences of workaholism.
B. Reasons for being workaholics.
C. How people deal with their addictions.
D. How hard-working people differ from workaholics.
10. What can we do to help workaholics in life?
A. Force them to join family activities.
B. Reward them for their hard work.
C. Help them find self-worth and confidence.
D. Try to understand and support them.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards working hard?
A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Curious.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过多方面的分析说明了工作狂的特点、沉迷工作的不利影响、努力工作的积极意义以及对待工作狂我们应持何种态度。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段的“A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: when work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.（工作狂长时间工作，以牺牲人际关系和健康为代价。不工作的时候，他们想着工作。工作影响他们的情绪：当工作进展顺利时，他们会情绪高涨； 当工作进展不太顺利时，他们就会情绪低落。）”可推知工作狂把工作放在第一位。故选A。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段和第四段中的“health problems, damaging, addiction, negative effects”等关键词可知，这两段主要讲工作狂的一些负面影响，故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知“Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution. （试着去理解为什么这个人觉得有必要努力工作，并支持他们找到解决方案。）”由此可知，对待工作狂，我们要试着去理解和支持他们，故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知， 作者在客观地分析说明沉迷工作会带来的负面影响和努力工作的积极意义。故选B。
D
There is more that comes with older age than greying hair and wrinkled skin When humans reach their later years, they favour more established friends and their social circle is reduced.
Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same behaviour in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to hang out with their long-term friends at the expense of other relationships.
The researchers studied 78, 000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social interactions of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps’ relationships depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; one-sided friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed interest in the other.
When the scientists looked at the patterns of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another feature seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of aggression (挑衅) tailed off, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to intimidate others in their group less often.
The observations have left the researchers puzzled. According to an idea in psychology known as socioemotional selectivity theory, or SST, older humans prefer more positive relationships because they are aware time is running out. But many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.
Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the decline in social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, she said.
12. What do older male chimpanzees favour?
A. Old friendships. B. New bonds.
C. Greying hair. D. Wrinkled skin.
13. How did the researchers draw their conclusion about chimpanzees?
A. By turning to other scientists.
B. By introducing a new concept.
C. By forming relationships with them.
D. By analyzing two decades’ observations.
14. What does the underlined word “intimidate” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Threaten. B. Motivate. C. Defend. D. Accompany.
15. According to Robin Dunbar, what accounts for declining social circles in chimpanzees?
A. Awareness of time. B. Less competition for mates.
C. Low motivation for socialization D. Lack of the human sense of mortality.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑猩猩的社交模式。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to hang out with their long-term friends at the expense of other relationships.(20年来对黑猩猩的观察表明，年长的雄性黑猩猩选择与长期的朋友在一起，而牺牲了其他的关系)”可知，年长的雄性黑猩猩更重视旧的友谊。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The researchers studied 78, 000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social interactions of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old.(研究人员研究了1996年至2016年间对21只年龄在15岁至58岁之间雄性黑猩猩进行的7.8万小时的社会交往观察)”可推知，研究人员是通过分析二十年来的观察得出关于黑猩猩的结论的。故选D项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词前面的“As the males got older, their levels of aggression (挑衅) tailed off, meaning they started fewer fights(随着雄性年龄的增长，他们的挑衅水平逐渐下降，这意味着他们开始减少争斗)”可知，随着雄性黑猩猩年龄的增长，它们也更少恐吓群体中的其他成员。由此推知，划线词“intimidate”的意思为“威胁，恐吓”。故选A项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, she said. (她说，在黑猩猩身上，随着年龄较大的雄性黑猩猩争夺配偶的机会减少，它们可能会专注于与可信任的伴侣建立亲密、互惠的关系)”可知，Robin Dunbar指出，减少对配偶的竞争导致了黑猩猩社交圈的减少。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Brontë, was first published in 1847. Widely considered as a classic, it is not just a romance novel, but an educational story. Women can learn so much from this great Victorian heroine. This is not to suggest that Jane doesn’t have shortcomings．____16____
You can overcome your past however bad it is. In the novel, Jane Eyre is made miserable as a child by her horrible relatives．____17____ He constantly reminds her that she’s an orphan (孤儿). But she learns a lot about letting go when she is sent to a boarding school and then she makes friends with Helen.
____18____ Jane notes, “The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those who had the courage to go forth”If Jane hadn’t been brave, she might have returned to the cruel woman who raised her.
Don’t be afraid to express your mind. In the novel she is not scared to voice her opinions when necessary．____19____ Talking helps heal relationships as well.
Be positive. In the novel, when Jane is younger, she has a tendency to feel sorry for herself. ____20____ But as she gets older, she learns to be happy despite her past.
A. Her life is painful.
B. You can decide your life.
C. Her cousin, John, is the worst.
D. However, there’s much to be learnt from the way she chooses to live.
E. Hence, it is much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger．
F. Remember that the possibilities for life are endless for those who take risks.
G. It is weak and silly to say you can’t bear what it is your fate to be required to bear.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. F 19. E 20. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章是书评，主要对《简爱》这部小说的女主人公简爱进行评论。
【16题详解】
根据上文“This is not to suggest that Jane doesn’t have shortcomings.”（这不是说简爱没有缺点。），以及下文开始介绍我们可以学到的道理可知，前后为转折关系，故D项“然而，我们仍然可以从她选择的生活方式中学到很多东西。”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据下文“He constantly reminds her that she’s an orphan (孤儿).”（他不断提醒她是个孤儿。）可知，本句应出现“He”所指代的人物，He做的事情很差经。故C项“她的表哥约翰是最差劲的。”和下文意思一致。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Jane notes, ‘The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those who had the courage to go forth.’”（简爱指出：“世界是一个充满希望和令人兴奋的事的多变的场所，正等待着那些有勇气向前的人去探索。”）可知，这是总结出的鼓励人们要有勇气去探索的观点。F选项“要记得，对于那些冒险的人来说，生活的可能性是无穷无尽的。”表明有勇气冒险的人要去探索生活无限的可能性。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Talking helps heal relationships as well.”（谈话也有助于治愈关系。）可知，说出自己所想很重要。E选项“因此，把事情说出来比把愤怒隐藏不说要好得多。”和下文意思一致。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据设空处前一句“when Jane is younger, she has a tendency to feel sorry for herself.”（当简爱年轻的时候，她总是为自己感到遗憾。）可知，这里是描述她年轻时的生活状况。A选项“她生活悲惨痛苦。”和上文意思一致。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The other day，my husband and I took the kids for dinner at a branch of Pizza Express．There was a very friendly lady ____21____ alone at the next table．When the time came for her to pay the ____22____，her bank card was declined．The waitress told her，in a very kind way，that there was a ____23____ but she would call her manager for help．Seeing this，my husband ____24____ got up and told the waiting staff that we would pay for the lady’s meal．____25____，when the manager arrived，he explained to the lady that although she couldn’t use her card，there was no need to ____26____．Pizza Express authorizes（授权）the restaurant to ____27____ two free meals per month and on this____28____ ，they would like to provide her with a free meal．
She was extremely grateful and ____29____ that she had been unable to pay．We were relieved that the lady had been treated with dignity instead of being placed in a（n）_____30_____ position．
Then the manager approached our table．He said that，_____31_____ we had shown such generosity，he would like to donate the second free meal that the restaurant was able to _____32_____ to us! We were absolutely astonished! I had never heard of any chain restaurant behaving in such a generous way．We were quite _____33_____ with gratitude．I made sure that the lady was able to get home OK，and then we _____34_____ the staff and left．I was really impressed by how the restaurant had treated this _____35_____ case．
21. A. waiting B. working C. dining D. ordering
22. A. menu B. bill C. service D. recipe
23. A. solution B. problem C. disadvantage D. technique
24. A. cautiously B. bravely C. slowly D. immediately
25. A. However B. Finally C. Actually D. Therefore
26. A. pay B. help C. worry D. bother
27. A. give away B. pick up C. let out D. take on
28. A. occasion B. opportunity C. moment D. demand
29. A. puzzled B. apologetic C. delighted D. thrilled
30. A. dangerous B. emergent C. violent D. embarrassing
31. A. if B. after C. as D. when
32. A. share B. spare C. offer D. cover
33. A. filled B. equipped C. supplied D. burdened
34. A. praised B. inspired C. greeted D. thanked
35. A. creative B. special C. complex D. regular
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者一家有一次在一家比萨快递的连锁店用餐，隔壁桌一位非常友好的女士在付账时银行卡被拒绝了，作者的丈夫提出可以帮她付钱。但是餐厅经理赶来后告知餐厅可以提供一份免费餐给这位女士。因为作者一家的慷慨行为，餐厅决定将另外一份免费餐名额送给作者一家。作者对这家餐厅对这个特殊情况的处理留下了深刻的印象。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一位非常友好的女士独自在邻桌用餐。A. waiting等待；B. working工作；C. dining用餐；D. ordering点餐。根据下文“When the time came for her to pay”（到了她付钱的时候）可知，此处是指这位女士正在用餐。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了她付账的时候，她的银行卡被拒绝了。A. menu菜单；B. bill账单；C. service服务；D. recipe食谱。根据“her bank card was declined”可知，此处是指用完餐后付账。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：女服务员非常友好地告诉她这个问题，她会打电话给她的经理寻求帮助。A. solution解决方案；B. problem问题；C. disadvantage劣势；D. technique技术。根据上文“her bankcard was declined”和句中“she would call her manager for help”可知，此处是指出现了特殊问题。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到这一点，我丈夫立即站起来，告诉等候的工作人员，我们将支付这位女士的餐费。A. cautiously谨慎地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. immediately立即。根据“Seeing this”和“told the waiting staff that we would pay for the lady’s meal”可知，此处是指丈夫立即站起来。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当经理到达时，他向这位女士解释说，虽然她不能使用她的卡，但没有必要担心。A. However然而；B. Finally最后；C. Actually实际上；D. Therefore因此。根据“told the waiting staff that we would pay for the lady’s meal”和“he explained to the lady that although she couldn’t use her card，there was no need to 46 ”可知，此处是指原本“我”们打算替这位女士付账，然而赶来的经理却说不用担心，前后构成转折关系。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第5题详解。A. pay付钱；B. help帮助；C. worry担心；D. bother打扰。根据“Pizza Express authorizes（授权）the restaurant to 　　　　　　　　　 two free meals per month and on this　　　　　　　　　 ，they would like to provide her with a free meal．”可知，此处是指没有必要担心。故选C。
27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：比萨快递授权这家餐厅每月免费赠送两顿饭，在这种情况下，他们愿意为她提供一顿免费饭。A. give away赠送；B. pick up拿起；C. let out放出；D. take on承担。根据“provide her with a free meal”可知，此处是指比萨快递授权这家餐厅每月免费赠送两顿饭。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第7题详解。A. occasion时机，机会；B. opportunity机会；C. moment时刻；D. demand要求。根据“they would like to provide her with a free meal”可知，此处是指在这种情况下，应用固定搭配on this occasion。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位女士非常感激，并因为无法支付订单而感到抱歉。A. puzzled疑惑的；B. apologetic歉意的；C. delighted愉快的；D. thrilled兴奋的。根据下文“he had been unable to pay．”可知，这位女士非常感激，并因为无法支付订单而感到抱歉。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令我们欣慰的是，这位女士受到了体面的对待，而不是被置于一个尴尬的境地。A. dangerous危险的；B. emergent紧急的；C. violent暴力的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据“instead of”和“had been treated with dignity”可知，此处是指女士没有被置于尴尬的境地。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说，由于我们表现得如此慷慨，他愿意捐赠餐厅能够提供的第二顿免费餐给我们！A. if如果；B. after在……以后；C. as因为；D. when既然。根据“we had shown such generosity”和“he would like to donate the second free meal that the restaurant was able to 52 to us”可知，前后为因果关系。所以应用as“因为”引导原因状语从句。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第11题详解。A. share分享；B. spare匀出；C. offer提供；D. cover覆盖。根据“he second free meal”可知，此处是指餐厅能够提供的第二顿免费餐，that引导的定语从句修饰the second free meal。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们充满了感激之情。A. filled使充满（感情）；B. equipped配备；C. supplied供给；D. burdened负重。根据上文“I had never heard of any chain restaurant behaving in such a generous way.”（我从来没有听说过任何连锁餐厅表现得如此慷慨。）可知，此处是指我们充满了感激之情。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我确信这位女士能正常回家，然后我们感谢了工作人员后便离开了。A. praised表扬；B. inspire启发；C. greeted问候；D. thanked感谢。根据“the staff”和上句“We were quite 53 with gratitude.”可知，此处是指感谢工作人员。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这家餐厅对这个特殊情况的处理给我留下了深刻的印象。A. creative有创造性的；B. special特殊的；C. complex复杂的；D. regular规律的。根据上文“her bank card was declined”和“told the waiting staff that we would pay for the lady’s meal”可知，这是一次特殊的情况。故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As winter vacation ____36____（approach），many teenagers are planning their holiday work-out schedule．It seems like teens have realized that exercise is one of the easiest and most ____37____（benefit）ways that they can be energetic and protect themselves ____38____a number of diseases when growing old．
There are a wide range of sports teens can do．____39____（improve）heart and lung efficiency, jogging and swimming sound like smart ____40____（choose）．When doing strength training like pull-ups and weightlifting，one’s muscle strength is increased，and bones get developed．Besides，teens can take courses ____41____（design）for young people，including boxing or Hip-Pop dancing．
Apart from doing sports ____42____are suitable for teens，a balanced diet and adequate sleep ____43____（be）also significant．Since it takes both a strong body and sound mind to ____44____（full）realize one’s potential，please take full advantage of this winter vacation，_____45_____recharge your battery for the new term!
【答案】36. is approaching##approaches
37. beneficial
38. from##against
39. to improve
40. choices
41. designed
42. that##which
43. are 44. fully
45. and
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述随着寒假的来临，希望青少年多进行体育锻炼，为新学期充电，介绍青少年参加一些适合年轻人的体育运动和课程。
【36题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着寒假的来临，许多青少年正在计划他们的假期锻炼计划。分析文章整体时态是现在时可知，此处时态用现在进行时或者一般现在时，表示“随着寒假的来临”，主语winter vacation是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填is approaching/approaches。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：青少年似乎已经意识到，锻炼是最简单和最有益的方式之一，用这种方式，他们可以充满活力，当他们变老，可以保护他们免受一系列疾病。beneficial“有益的，有好处的”，形容词修饰名词作定语，故填beneficial。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：青少年似乎已经意识到，锻炼是最简单和最有益的方式之一，用这种方式，他们可以充满活力，当他们变老保护他们免受一系列疾病。protect... from/against “保护……以免……”是固定短语，根据句意，故填from/against。
【39题详解】
考查不定式。句意：为了提高心肺效率，慢跑和游泳听起来是明智的选择。根据句意，“为了提高心肺功能”为目的状语，此处用不定式表目的。故填To improve。
40题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了提高心肺效率，慢跑和游泳听起来是明智的选择。根据句意，此处表示“慢跑和游泳”两种选择，用复数，故填choices。
【41题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：此外，青少年可以参加为年轻人设计的课程，包括拳击或嘻哈舞。分析句子可知，design作定语，修饰courses，“为年轻人设计的课程”，此处courses是被设计，course与design是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，故填designed。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：除了做些适合青少年做的运动，均衡的饮食与充足的睡眠也是很重要的。分析句子可知，此句为一个定语从句，先行词为sports，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。文章主时态是一般现在时，主语为a balanced diet and adequate sleep，是复数，故后接的be动词应用复数形式are。故填are。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：要想充分发挥自己的潜力，需要强健的体魄和健全的精神，所以请大家好好利用这个寒假，为新学期充电。修饰动词realize用副词作状语，故填fully。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：要想充分发挥自己的潜力，需要强健的体魄和健全的精神，所以请大家好好利用这个寒假，为新学期充电。根据句意，前后文是顺承关系，用连接词and，表示利用寒假，为新学期充电。故填and。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，你英国朋友Wilson想向你了解一项具有中国特色的体育运动。请你写一封信向他推荐太极。具体内容应包括：
1．对太极的简单介绍；
2．打太极的好处。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Wilson，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文
Dear Wilson,
Hearing that you want to know some sports with Chinese characteristics, I strongly recommend tai chi to you.
First, tai chi is said to be invented by a Taoist called Zhang Sanfeng in the 13th century, who was inspired by a fight between a snake and a bird. Behind it are deeply rooted rich Chinese culture and philosophy. Mott importantly, practicing tai chi has a positive effect on your body both physically and mentally. It enables you to sleep better at night and be more energetic during the day.
I hope you will give it a try and enjoy the benefits it brings to your health.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信向英国朋友Wilson推荐太极。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：recommend→advise
鼓舞：inspire→encourage
打斗：fight→struggle
积极的：positive→active
2.句式拓展
简单句变倒装句
原句：It enables you to sleep better at night and be more energetic during the day.
拓展句：Not only does it enable you to sleep better at night but it also makes you more energetic during the day.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First, tai chi is said to be invented by a Taoist called Zhang Sanfeng in the 13th century, who was inspired by a fight between a snake and a bird.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Hearing that you want to know some sports with Chinese characteristics, I strongly recommend tai chi to you.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was Christmas Eve，and almost all the people were getting together with their family，having the big dinner or enjoying the charming lights of the Christmas tree．But Tomas was still on the way，and it was still a long way to the destination．He felt tired，lonely and cold，especially when the wind was blowing in his cab（驾驶室）．Tomas pulled up the truck and reached for his jacket but stopped when he saw the box on the passenger seat next to him．
His mother was the greatest mother in the world who worried about him spending Christmas on the road alone and had given him a box filled with presents before he left home．Though he is a driver now，his mum still treats him like a kid．He reached into the red stocking that was in the box and brought out a toy tractor that looked a lot like his truck．He wondered how many stores his mother had to go to before she found such a close match．Tears blinded his eyes．
He climbed out of his truck and ran into the all-night café，which was a truck stop that many truck drivers liked to have a rest in．
But today，besides those truckers who were eating and talking loudly as usual，there were a family of two sitting in a corner，wearing shabby（破旧的）clothes and looking sleepy．The mother hugged the boy who looked unhappy and tired in her arms．His hunger was easy to tell from his extremely fleshless face．
Seeing this，Tomas missed his family more．His mum raised four kids by herself，but no matter how hard the life was，she always made sure they had a good Christmas．
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Tomas felt sorry for the boy．
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He came back from his truck and walked to the family．
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
Tomas felt sorry for the boy. No kid should spend Christmas Eve in a truck stop like this. Then he thought of his box filled with presents chosen by his mother. He looked at the kid again and knew what to do. Without delay, he put on his jacket, went outside and climbed into his truck. In no time did he grab the stocking out of the box.
He came back from his truck and walked to the family. “I think Santa Clause left this for you,” Tomas said and handed it to the boy. The boy’s mother shook Tomas’ hand long and hard. The boy’s face lit up almost at once and he eagerly dug inside the stocking, full of curiosity and happiness. “It is the best present I’ve ever got on Christmas,” the boy thanked. Tomas felt a little excited and thought it was the greatest Christmas that he had ever had.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了圣诞夜Thomas还在外开车，母亲担心他一个人在路上过圣诞节，在他离家前给了他一个装满礼物的盒子。Thomas为盒子里的礼物而感动，他走近通宵营业的咖啡馆休息，一家三口坐在一个角落里，看到一位母亲抱着一个男孩，Thomas为男孩感到难过，最后Thomas用自己的方式给男孩准备了一份圣诞礼物。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Tomas为这个男孩感到难过。”可知，第一段可描写Tomas看到男孩后的内心感受，他想到了他的盒子，里面装满了他母亲挑选的礼物。他又看了看那孩子，知道该怎么办了。他穿上夹克，走到外面，爬上卡车。他很快就拿着那只长统袜回来了。
②由第二段首句内容“他从卡车上回来，向那家人走去。”可知，第二段可描写Thomas将礼物送给了男孩，男孩充满好奇和幸福，Thomas感到这是他度过的最美妙的圣诞节并因此很兴奋。
2.续写线索：Thomas为男孩感到难过——Thomas有了主意——Thomas送给男孩长筒袜——男孩感到高兴
3.词汇激活
行为类
想起：think of/recall
回来：come back /return
递给：hand sth. to sb./ give sb. sth.
情绪类
热切地：eagerly/keenly
最好的：the greatest / the most wonderful
【点睛】[高分句型1] He looked at the kid again and knew what to do. (运用了“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语)
[高分句型2] In no time did he grab the stocking out of the box. (运用了部分倒装结构)
听力答案：1-20ABABC BCBAA ACABC CBBAC