高考英语二轮复习重难点02 阅读理解之记叙文（解析版）

【命题趋势】

记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 ＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。

【满分技巧】

高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。

要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。

一、记叙文写作特点

记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。

就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。

二、记叙文命题特点

从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。

三、记叙文答题技巧

一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。

No.1 顺藤摸瓜

记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。

No.2左顾右盼

在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。

No.3刨根问底

如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred from …?＂或是What does the author imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。

No.4拨云见日

每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。

这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。

【热点话题】

    记叙文热衷话题有：人物故事类，生活经历类。

【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）

A

（合肥六中2020届高三冲刺最后一卷）

As temperatures approached 90 degrees in New York City last July 4th, three police officers hurried into a Whole Foods Market to get something cold to drink. What they walked into was a heated human drama.

Once inside, the cops (警察) , Lt. Louis Sojo and Officers Esanidy Cuevas and Michael Rivera, were approached by a store security guard who asked for help with a suspected thief. The woman in question didn’t have the look of a career criminal. She was obviously scared, and her cheeks were wet with tears.

The cops looked quickly inside her bag. “Al1 we saw was containers of food. We didn’t see anything else,” Cuevas told CBS New York.

“I’m hungry,” she explained quietly.

Caught red-handed, the woman no doubt expected to be cuffed (带上手铐) and put into prison for the crime of being hungry while poor. But the cops had other ideas. “We’ll pay for her food,” Sojo told the surprised security guard.

There’d been no discussion among the three men, no need to see whether they were all in. It went unsaid. Instead, they picked up the woman’s bag and escorted (护送) her to a cash register, where each contrilbuted $10 to pay the bill. She would not be arrested today.

All the woman could do was weep in thankfulness. Covering her face with a handkerchief and drying her eyes, she repeated, “Thank you, thank you.”

She wasn’t the only one touched by this act of sympathy and understanding. “It was a very beautiful, genuine moment,” says Paul Bozymowski, who was at the store. He was so taken by what he’d witnessed that he posted a photo on Twitter for all to see.

But attention was never what the officers sought. They were driven by a far more common emotion. As Sojo told CNN, “When you look at someone’s face and see that they need you and they’re actually hungry, it’s pretty difficult as a human being to walk away from something like this.”

4. Why did the woman weep at first?

A. She was scared of being arrested. B. She was wrongly accused of stealing.

C. She was too poor to pay for the goods. D. She was touched by the act of these cops.

5. What does the underlined word “red-handed” in paragraph 5 refer to?

A. In the act of committing a crime. B. For lack of knowledge or experience.

C. Because of the blood-covered hands. D. On account of her pretended innocence.

6. We can infer that the cops paid the bill for the woman to __________.

A. seek attention of the public B. gain both fame and wealth

C. solve the problem as soon as possible D. help the hungry and poor woman out of trouble

7. Which of the following best describes the three cops?

A. Patient. B. Caring.

C. Humorous. D. Ambitious.

【答案】4. A    5. A    6. D    7. B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了发生在纽约一家超市的故事，纽约市的三位警察非但没有逮捕一名偷东西的妇女反而为她买单。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She was obviously scared, and her cheeks were wet with tears.(她显然很害怕，脸颊被泪水打湿)”及第五段中的“Caught red-handed, the woman no doubt expected to be sent to prison for the crime of being hungry while poor.(这名女士被当场抓获，无疑会因贫穷饥饿罪而被送进监狱)”可知，这名女士起初哭泣，是因为她害怕被逮捕，故选A项。

【5题详解】

词句猜测题。根据上文The police officers glanced inside her bag. “All we saw was containers of food. ....(警察瞥了她包里一眼。“我们看到的只是几罐食物，……)及画线词后“the woman no doubt expected to be cuffed (带上手铐) and put into prison(无疑会因贫穷饥饿罪而被送进监狱)”可推知，这名妇女“被当场抓获”，所以警察才会查看他的包，可能被送进监狱，所以“red-handed”意为“正在实施犯罪行为”，故选A项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中警察Sojo说的话“When you look at someone’s face and see that they need you and they’re actually hungry, it’s pretty difficult as a human being to walk away from something like this.(当你看到一个人的脸，并且明白他们需要你，他们实际上很饿，作为一个人，很难从像这样的事情中走开)”可知，警察帮助那位妇女付账单是为了帮助这个饥饿又可怜的人摆脱困境。故选D项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文可知，警察了解那位妇女的偷窃原因之后并没有逮捕她，而是为这位女士付款，再结合最后一段警察Sojo说的话“当你看到一个人的脸，并且明白他们需要你，他们实际上很饿，作为一个人，很难从像这样的事情中走开”可推知，警察是富有同情心的。故选B项。

B

（长春外国语学校2020-2021学年第一学期高三年级期初考试）

Toni Morrison was an American writer who received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her novels. Beloved, Song of Solomon and others explored the way African-Americans search for freedom and identity in a country obsessed with skin color. Morrison was nearly 40 when she published her first novel The Bluest Eye in 1970. The Nobel Prize committee described her writing as language itself, a language she wants to liberate from race. Her novels discussed America's past, focusing on black history and the effects of slavery and racism. She culled her characters “the unfree at the heart of the democratic experiment”.

In 1988, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved, the story of a mother who kills her baby daughter rather than permit  her to be born  into slavery. It became a best-seller and was later made into a film with Oprah Winfrey. Many Americans admired her as the country's greatest living writer, including former President Barack Obama.

She was born in 1931. She attended Howard University, an all-black university in Washington, D. C. At Howard, she read African. British and American literature, including writers William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf. After a short marriage, she became a single mother of two sons and worked as a book editor in New York.

Several publishers rejected her first book The Bluest Eye but it impressed The New York Times' book critic John Leonard, who believed Morrison was an important new voice. He said her writing was “so charged with pain and wonder that the novel becomes poetry”.

Morrison enjoyed her literary fame and was proud of her Nobel Prize.

4. What are Toni Morrison's books mainly about?

A. Women's equality and rights. B. The development of America.

C. The literature of America. D. American history and racism.

5. Which of the following helped Toni Morrison receive the Pulitzer Prize?

A. Beloved. B. Song of Solomon.

C. The Bluest Eye. D. The New York Times.

6. Why is former President Barack Obama mentioned?

A. To show Barack Obama's support in literature.

B. To prove Toni Morrison' greatness as a writer.

C. To stress Toni Morrison' contribution to America.

D. To remind readers of the skin color of Barack Obama.

7. What can we infer from John Leonard's words?

A. He thought highly of Morrison. B. He rejected the book The Bluest Eye.

C. The book The Bluest Eye made him painful. D. Toni Morrison's book was hard to understand.

【答案】4. D    5. A    6. B    7. A

【解析】

这是一篇记述文。本文讲述了一个非裔美国作家Toni Morrison获得了诺贝尔奖，以及美国最高荣誉的故事。本文介绍了她的个人经历，她为她是非裔美国人以及获得诺贝尔奖而感到骄傲。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中The Nobel Prize committee described her writing as language itself, a language she wants to liberate from race. Her novels discussed America's past, focusing on black history and the effects of slavery and racism. 可知诺贝尔奖委员会称她的作品本身就是语言，她希望将语言从种族中解放出来。她的小说探讨了美国的过去，着重于黑人历史以及奴隶制和种族主义的影响。由此可知，Toni Morrison小说主要是关于美国历史和种族主义。故选D。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中In 1988, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved, the story of a mother who kills her baby daughter rather than permit her to be born into slavery.可知1988年，她的小说Beloved获得了普利策奖。小说讲述了一位母亲杀死自己年幼的女儿，而不是让她生下来当奴隶的故事。由此可知，Beloved帮助Morrison获得了普利策奖。故选A。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中Many Americans admired her as the country's greatest living writer, including former President Barack Obama.可知包括美国前总统奥巴马在内的许多美国人都钦佩她，认为她是美国最伟大的在世作家。由此可推知，文章美国前总统奥巴马，是为了证明Toni Morrison作为作家的伟大。故选B。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Several publishers rejected her first book The Bluest Eye but it impressed The New York Times' book critic John Leonard, who believed Morrison was an important new voice. He said her writing was “so charged with pain and wonder that the novel becomes poetry”.可知几家出版商拒绝了她的第一本书《最蓝的眼睛》，但它打动了《纽约时报》的书评家John Leonard，他认为Morrison是一位重要的新声音。他说，她的作品“充满了痛苦和惊奇，以至于这部小说变成了诗歌”。由此可推知，John Leonard对Morrison评价很高。故选A。

C

（哈师大附中2020年高三第四次模拟考试）

Recently Stiles aged 17 took her 3-year-old brother, James, to her high school. A family emergency prevented her parents from being able to pick up James. So they asked Stiles to step in.

“This was a one-time event; we have never had her get him from school other than this day. But it was an emergency,” her mother said. “I figured she had gone to get him and taken him home. Later that day I saw the picture online and realized that she had taken him back to school.”

Little James quickly fell asleep in his big sister’s arms at the high school.

She didn’t want to be counted absent or miss any work. Stiles was studying to be a nurse. She was in her class, and the teacher gladly welcomed her little brother in. He was so tired from his school that he slept most of the class. She not only helped her family out but returned to her responsibility at school.

Her teacher was very supportive and didn’t mind him being in the class at all. He slept most of the time and if he had become a problem she would have taken him out. She attends an amazing school that clearly sees the value in family and education.

Her mom said she can now put to rest any worries she’s had that the 14-year age gap between Stiles and James would keep them from being close. As a mom, she was thankful that they had this kind of relationship, and she prayed it would always stay this way.

4. Why did Stiles’ parents ask her for help?

A. Her family was in trouble. B. She was close to being an adult.

C. Her brother refused to attend school. D. Her parents couldn’t collect James.

5. Where did Stiles want to work when she grew up?

A. In a hospital. B. In a school. C. In a factory. D. In a shop.

6. What was Stiles’ teacher’s attitude to her act?

A. Opposed. B. Critical. C. Ambiguous. D. Approving.

7. What once made Stiles’ mother concerned?

A. Stiles’ bad performance in the key school. B. Stiles’ identity of being a senior high student.

C. Stiles’ terrible relationship with her classmates. D. The age difference between Stiles and her brother.

【答案】4. D    5. A    6. D    7. D

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了最近17岁的Stiles带着3岁的弟弟James去了她的高中上课，因为家庭紧急情况使她的父母无法去接James。她不仅帮助了她的家庭，而且在学校也负起了责任。文章还说明了Stiles的老师和父母对此的看法。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段Recently Stiles aged 17 took her 3-year-old brother, James, to her high school. A family emergency prevented her parents from being able to pick up James. So they asked Stiles to step in.可知最近，17岁的Stiles带着3岁的弟弟James去了她的高中。家庭紧急情况使她的父母无法去接James。所以他们请Stiles帮忙。由此可知，Stiles的父母向她寻求帮助，因为她的父母不能去接James。故选D。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中Stiles was studying to be a nurse.可知Stiles正在学习成为一名护士。由此可推知，Stiles长大后想去医院工作。故选A。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Her teacher was very supportive and didn’t mind him being in the class at all.可知她的老师非常支持他，根本不介意他来上课。由此可推知，Stiles的老师对她的行为持支持态度。故选D。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中Her mom said she can now put to rest any worries she’s had that the 14-year age gap between Stiles and James would keep them from being close.可知她的妈妈说，她曾经担心Stiles和James之间14岁的年龄差距会影响他们的关系，现在她可以打消这种担心了。由此可知，Stiles和她弟弟之间的年龄差距曾经让Stiles的母亲担心。故选D。

D

（江西师大附中 2020 届高三三模英语考试卷）

Wildfires were rapidly spreading through northern and southern California as powerful winds swept through the state, burning homes and forcing more than 200,000 people to leave their homes. Thousands of structures were destroyed in the massive fires. Firefighters and volunteers worked around the clock, risking their lives to save others, although thick clouds of wildfire smoke hung in the air.

But it's not just humans in danger’s path. A video of a horse running away from the rescue team to find his family of horses from CBS Los Angeles went viral. The public was touched by the horse's heroic act and shared their thoughts on the Internet.

Volunteers were rescuing several horses from the wildfire when one of the horses jumped away from the group. They were trying to help the horse, but he refused. They probably had no idea what was wrong with the horse, who just started running away from them. The horse raced back into danger to lead his family to safety, despite rescuers' best efforts to stop him. He knew he couldn't leave them behind. As the tension increased, several human strangers jumped in to help the animals — they went back to the burning barn where some of the horses remained.

You can watch the horse run back into the smoke-filled area, reconnect with the horses inside the fence, and quickly accompany them out of the fenced-off area. Though it's not clear from the video, CBS Los Angeles reported that all but one of the horses involved were saved. Disastrous as the California wildfires have been, the video and countless other rescue stories — humans and animals alike — are shining light on all acts of goodness taking place.

24. What does the author intend to show by telling the wildfires in detail in Para. 1?

A. What caused the big wildfires. B. How serious the wildfires were.

C. What rescuers did in the wildfires. D. How rapidly the wildfires spread.

25. What does the underlined phrases ''went viral'' mean?

A. Turned bad. B. Got attacked.

C. Became interesting. D. Grew popular.

26. Which words can best describe the horse?

A Loyal but stubborn. B. Caring and courageous.

C. Responsible and clever. D. Flexible but aggressive.

27. What message does the author want to convey?

A. Fighting disasters needs joint efforts. B. Animals are always friends of man.

C. All good deeds deserve to be praised. D. Animals show goodness to each other.

【答案】24. B    25. D    26. B    27. C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了发生在加州的一次严重的大火，消防队员和志愿者冒着生命危险救人。但同时一匹马逃离救援队，寻找救助自己的马家人的故事同样使人感动。作者告诉我们：一切善行都值得称赞。

【24题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中的burning homes and forcing more than 200, 000 people to leave their homes. Thousands of structures were destroyed in the massive fires.(烧毁了房屋，迫使20多万人离开家园。成千上万的建筑物在大火中被毁)可推测，作者的目的是为了说明野火有多严重。B. How serious the wildfires were.(野火有多严重)符合以上推测，故选B项。

【25题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第二段的A video of a horse running away from the rescue team to find his family of horses from CBS Los Angeles went viral. The public was touched by the horse's heroic act and shared their thoughts on the Internet.可知，哥伦比亚广播公司洛杉矶分部的有关一匹马逃离救援队，寻找自己的马家人的一段视频went viral。马的英勇行为感动了公众，并在网上分享了他们的想法。根据上下文语境，尤其是touched和shared可推测划线部分的意思是“变得受欢迎的”。D. Grew popular.(变得受欢迎)符合以上猜测，故选D项。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段的The horse raced back into danger to lead his family to safety, despite rescuers' best efforts to stop him. He knew he couldn't leave them behind. (这匹马跑回危险中，把他的家人带到安全的地方。他知道他不能丢下他们)可推测，马勇敢且关心家人。B. Caring and courageous.(体贴且勇敢)符合以上说法，故选B项。

B项符合题意，故选B。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的 the video and countless other rescue stories -humans and animals alike -are shining light on all acts of goodness taking place(视频和无数其他救援故事——人类和动物都一样——都让我们看到了正在发生的所有善举)可推测，作者告诉我们无论是人类还是动物，一切善行都值得称赞。C. All good deeds deserve to be praised.(所有善行都值得称赞)符合以上说法，故选C项。

E

（黑龙江省实验中学2020高三期末英语冲刺仿真模拟训练试题六）

Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.

Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.

I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.

I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research.

But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self­discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self­discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.

4. What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?

A. Wildlife. B. Music.

C. Languages. D. Literature.

5. Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly?

A. He didn’t live with them for long.

B. The family was extremely large.

C. He was fully occupied with observing nature.

D. He was too young when he lived with them.

6. According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?

A. Being knowledgeable.

B. Being self­disciplined.

C. Being full of ambition.

D. Being full of enthusiasm.

7. Why does the author say he is a naturalist not a scientist?

A. He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.

B. He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.

C. He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.

D. He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.

【答案】4. A    5. C    6. D    7. A

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者认为自然主义者是天生的，而一个科学家应具备自我约束、刻苦训练、坚定的信念和明确的目标。从作者的童年经历和后期成长，作者认为自己的自然主义者而不是科学家。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.”可知，作者童年时对农场的那些狗、鸟、动物至今历历在目，所以令作者童年印象深刻的是那些野生生物。故选A项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.”通过作者回忆在农场的日子，他对那里的小动物记忆犹新，但是对那里的亲戚们却记不住了，可见他从小就被自然吸引。故选C项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一名自然主义者。由此可推知，一个天生的自然主义者首先要充满热情，故选D项。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段 “One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self­discipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者明白自己缺少科学家的素质，因为一个科学家最基本的素质就是“自律”。故选A项。

【点睛】推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义和隐含意义的过程。如第3小题，问题是对于作者来说，自然学家具备的首要品格是什么？根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一名自然主义者。由此可推知，一个天生的自然主义者首先要充满热情，故选D项。