重难点02 阅读理解之记叙文（热点话题）-2022年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（全国通用）

【命题趋势】

记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。

【满分技巧】

高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。

要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。

一、记叙文写作特点

记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。

就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在。

二、记叙文命题特点

从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。

三、记叙文答题技巧

要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。

No.1 顺藤摸瓜

记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。

No.2左顾右盼

在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。

No.3刨根问底

如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred from …?＂或是What does the author imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。

No.4拨云见日

每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。

【热点话题】

    记叙文热衷话题有：人物故事类，生活经历类。

【限时检测】（建议用时：每篇7分钟）

A

（2021·四川遂宁·模拟预测）

Chinese young gun Yang Qian claimed the first gold of the Tokyo Olympics with a victory in women’s 10 m air rifle (气步枪) on July 24 in Tokyo, Japan. Russian markswoman Anastasiia Galashina took the silver and Nina Christen of Switzerland bagged the bronze. Yang, who was ranked sixth in the qualification, scored 251.8 points in the final, beating Galashina’s 251.1 points to set off Team China to a fine start in Tokyo.

Trailing by a mere 0.1 point ahead of the final two shots, Yang saw the gap widen despite a 10.7-point shot, as her rival made an impressive 10.8. However, when it came to the last shot that would define the eventual champion, Galashina surprisingly shot for 8.9 points, and lost the Olympic title to Yang, who had a 9.8.

“I am very happy and proud to win this gold,” said the 21-year-old in a calm tone. The result set the standard for future Olympic competitors as Tokyo 2020 is the first games under new competition rules for the event. “I was extremely nervous before the final shot, and all I could do was to calm down,” the young Olympic champion recalled. “I wasn’t as calm as I appeared to be. During the qualification and the final I kept adjusting my mentality (心态) gradually, trying to shake the pressure off me, and I think I did well in doing so.”

Yang had to stand up to a long wait for other shooters to finish their shots before reaching the final. The favored Indian duo, world record holder，Apurvi Chandela and world No.1 Elavenil Valarivan, bowed out after the 60-shot qualification round. Norwegian Jeanette Hegg Duestad was the dark horse in the qualification, setting an Olympic record of 632.9 points. But the 22-year-old narrowly missed the medals in the final.

1. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?

A．To show the course of the shooting event.

B．To state the events of the Tokyo Olympics.

C．To introduce the result of the shooting event.

D．To explain the competition rules of the Olympics.

2. What does the underlined word “Trailing” probably mean in paragraph 2?

A．Scoring.          B．Measuring.            C．Winning.            D．Losing.

3. What can we infer from Yang’s words?

A．She was too nervous to keep calm.

B．It was difficult to defeat her opponents.

C．Being mentally calm is crucial to her success.

D．She narrowly won the gold due to a mistake.

4. Which section of a magazine is this text probably taken from?

A．Education and culture.                B．Sports and health.

C．Science and technology.              D．Nature and geography.

【答案】1-4 CDCB

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在东京奥运会十米气步枪的项目中，中国参赛选手杨倩取得世界冠军的过程。

1．推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句话“Russian markswoman Anastasiia Galashina took the silver and Nina Christen of Switzerland bagged the bronze. Yang, who was ranked sixth in the qualification, scored 251.8 points in the final, beating Galashina’s 251.1 points to set off Team China to a fine start in Tokyo.”可知，第一段主要介绍了在东京奥运会十米气步枪的项目中冠亚季军的比赛成绩，因此第一段的主要目的是介绍射击成绩。故选C项。

2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Yang saw the gap widen despite a 10.7-point shot, as her rival made an impressive 10.8. ”可知，杨倩落后对手0.1分。由此推知，划线词Trailing与losing意思接近。故选D项。

3．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句话“I wasn’t as calm as I appeared to be. During the qualification and the final I kept adjusting my mentality gradually, trying to shake the pressure off me, and I think I did well in doing so.”可知，杨倩的内心是不平静的，但是她一直在努力调整自己的心态，所以可以推断出杨倩的言外之意是：有良好的心态对于比赛夺冠是至关重要的。故选C项。

4．推理判断题。根据文章首句“Chinese young gun Yang Qian claimed the first gold of the Tokyo Olympics with a victory in women’s 10 m air rifle on July 24 in Tokyo, Japan.”可知，文章开篇点题。文章讲述了在东京奥运会十米气步枪的项目中，中国参赛选手杨倩取得世界冠军的过程。由此推知，文章最有可能来源于体育与健康相关的杂志。故选B项。

B

（2021·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中模拟预测）

When Elvis Presley died on August 16th, 1977, radio and television programs all over the world were interrupted to give the news of his death. President Carter declared a day of national mourning. Carter said, "Elvis Presley changed the face of American popular culture...He was unique and irreplaceable." Eighty thousand people attended his funeral. The streets were jammed with cars, and Elvis Presley films were shown on television, and his records were played on the radio all day. In the year after his death, one hundred million Presley LPs(密纹唱片)were sold.

Elvis Presley was born on January 8th, 1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi. His parents were very poor and Elvis never had music lessons, but he was surrounded by music from an early age. His parents were very religious, and Elvis regularly sang at church services. In 1948, when he was thirteen, his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee. He left school in 1953 and got a job as a truck driver.

In the summer of 1953, Elvis paid four dollars and recorded a song for his mother's birthday at Sam Phillips' Sun Records studio. Sam Phillips heard Elvis and asked him to record That's All Right. Twenty thousand copies were sold. He made five more records for Sun. Then in July 1955, he met Colonel Tom Parker, who became his manager in November. On January 10th, 1956, Elvis recorded Heartbreak Hotel, and a million copies were sold. In the next fourteen months, he made another fourteen records, and they were all big hits. In 1956, he also made his first film in Hollywood.

In March 1958, Elvis had to join the army. He wanted to be an ordinary soldier. When his hair was cut, thousands of women cried. He spent the next two years in Germany, where he met Priscilla Beaulieu, who became his wife eight years later on May 1st, 1967. In 1960, he left the army and went to Hollywood where he made several films during the next few years.

By 1968 many people had become tired of Elvis. He hadn't performed live since 1960, but he recorded a new LP From Elvis in Memphis and appeared in a special television program. He became popular again, and went to Las Vegas, where he was paid seven hundred fifty thousand dollars for four weeks. In August of 1977, he died from a heart attack. He has been working too hard, and eating and drinking too much for several years. He left all his money to his only daughter, Lisa Marie Presley.

5. The first song Elvis recorded was________.

A．a hit overnight B．played on the radio

C．sold well in Las Vegas D．a gift for his mother's birthday

6. How did Elvis begin his career in 1953?

A．By attending church services. B．By meeting Colonel Tom Parker.

C．By recording Heartbreak Hotel. D．By getting recognized by Sam Phillips.

7. What can we know from the passage?

A．Elvis learnt music from his father.

B．Elvis once lost his popularity in the 60s.

C．Elvis became a drinker when he got a job as a truck driver.

D．Elvis's hair was cut in the army because of his wrong doings.

8. Why did Elvis gain great respect after his death?

A. He gave away all his money to the poor.

B. He achieved success in all his records.

C. He won unexampled recognition in his performance.

D. He contributed to the development of American pop culture.

【答案】5-8 DDBD

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，以时间顺序讲述了猫王的成名史以及猫王在美国流行文化上所作的贡献。

5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the summer of 1953 Elvis paid four dollars and recorded a song for his mother's birthday at Sam Phillips Sun Records studio.”可知，猫王录制的第一首歌是送给他母亲的生日礼物。故选D项。

6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Sam Phillips heard Elvis and asked him to record That's All Right. Twenty thousand copies were sold. He made five more records for Sun.（山姆菲利普斯听了猫王的歌，请他录制《That’s All Right》。这首歌卖出了2万张。他又为太阳唱片公司创造了五张唱片)”可推断，正是通过得到山姆菲利普斯的认可，猫王开始了他的职业生涯。故选D项。

7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“By 1968 many people had become tired of Elvis. He hadn't performed live since1960.“可知猫王曾经在60年代失去了他的知名度。故选B项。

8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Carter said :"Elvis Presley changed the face of American popular culture...He was unique and irreplaceable."（卡特说:“猫王改变了美国流行文化的面貌……他是独一无二的，无可替代的。”)”可知，猫王去世后获得了极大的尊重，因为他为美国流行文化的发展做出了贡献。故选D项。

C

（2021·海南·一模）

The first year of Beth Walker's quest for a zero-waste lifestyle, the rubbish in her life wouldn't have filled a wastepaper basket. But now she's stopped keeping track.

Her journey began after a talk by eco-group The Rubbish Trip in 2017. Like most people, she thought recycling was enough to save the planet from drowning in plastic.

But the reality is that most packaging isn't accepted by recycling companies and the plastic in our oceans is still snowing.

Nowadays, Beth's belief is to refuse, repair, and reuse. She refuses to buy anything that comes in a packet. Local bakeries and butcheries, she found, would happily provide food in her own container.

Then she moved to Wellington, and things got a bit harder. Many bulk (散装) food stores were only open during work hours, and she gratefully turned to the regional shopping guides put out by The Rubbish Trip.

She took every chance to show off her "take everywhere bag " , which contains a cloth for hand drying and cleaning，a keep cup, and a container.

Most importantly, she says, it's a privilege (荣耀) to make these choices. But she's cautious not to push her ideas down people's throats. "It's what's sustainable for you personally," she said.

Most rewarding was seeing the effect on those around her. Her dad proudly told anyone who would listen how his daughter was going waste-free. Her flat mates also agreed to go waste-free when cooking for the flat and to remote the bin from the kitchen. And every plastic container they brought into the house was another for Beth's collection.

9. What made Beth choose a zero-waste lifestyle?

A．A speech she listened to. B．Other students' influence.

C．The products of poor quality. D．The lack of recycling factories.

10. Which is Beth trying to avoid?

A．Reusing a paper bag. B．Relying on recycling companies.

C．Repairing a broken tool. D．Refusing objects in a packet.

11. Why did Beth show off her "take everywhere bag"?

A．To influence others. B．To show her kindness.

C．To prove her wealth. D．To highlight her privilege.

12. What was her flatmates' attitude towards Beth's behavior?

A．Mixed.            B．Unconcerned.            C．Supportive.            D．Unclear.

【答案】9-12 ADAC

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Beth Walker追求零废物的生活方式。

9．细节理解题。根据文章“Her journey began after a talk by eco-group The Rubbish Trip in 2017.(她的旅程始于2017年生态组织“垃圾之旅”的一次演讲)”可知，在Beth Walker听了一场演讲后，贝丝选择了零浪费的生活方式。故选A。

10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“She refuses to buy anything that comes in a packet.(她拒绝买任何包装的东西)”可知，Beth Walker拒绝有包装的物品。故选D。

11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Most rewarding was seeing the effect on those around her. (最值得的是看到她周围的人的影响) ”可知，Beth Walker炫耀她的“随身带包”的原因是希望影响别人。故选A。

12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her flat mates also agreed to go waste-free when cooking for the flat and to remote the bin from the kitchen.(她的室友们也同意在为公寓做饭时不浪费食物，并将垃圾桶从厨房移走)”可推知，她的室友们是持支持的态度的。故选C。

D

（2021·浙江金华·一模）

Matt Doogue, 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects -- and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting “rock bottom.” “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (妄想的）and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more 一 and that’s when I started photography."

Now a clad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined 一 and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a “calming effect” that helped him to “disconnect” from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. “I ended up as one of their featured photographers,” recalled Doogue. “It was the peak of my career. It was incredible.”

Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an “epidemic” of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this ‘man-up’ approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue. “This is why I try and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don’t think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web.”

13. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．Why Doogue became pessimistic.           B．Why Doogue took up photography.

C．How Doogue fell in depression.             D．How serious his depression was.

14. According to Doogue, what leads Scottish men to develop mental health problems?

A．The approach they adopt to solve problems.

B．The absence of love for their life and work.

C．The idea that men are supposed to be strong.

D．The concern that they get disconnected from people.

15. How did photography help Doogue?

A．It equipped him with life-saving skills.

B．It helped him to get away from pressure.

C．It offered him a different way to express himself.

D．It gave him a chance to show his love for nature.

16. What is the main intention of the author in writing this passage?

A．To describe the seriousness of mental problems.

B．To introduce the benefits of nature photography.

C．To share Doogue’s experience of beating depression.

D．To encourage the readers to find their love for nature.

【答案】13-16 BCBC

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了34岁的自然摄影师Matt Doogue通过摄影摆脱了自己的抑郁症。

13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more -- and that’s when I started photography.”可知，第一段主要讲Doogue为什么选择摄影。故选B。

14．细节理解题。根据最后一段““I think the problem is this ‘man-up’ approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue.（“我认为问题在于这种‘男子汉’的方法；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性带来了巨大的压力，让他们时刻保持健康，”杜格说。）”可知，根据杜格的研究，是男人应该是强壮的观念导致苏格兰男性出现心理健康问题。故选C。

15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an “epidemic” of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well.”可知，摄影帮助Doogue摆脱了压力。故选B。

16．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章介绍了34岁的自然摄影师Matt Doogue之前患上抑郁症，是摄影带他转为健康。所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是分享Doogue战胜抑郁的经验。故选C。

E

 （2021·全国·高考真题）

Leslie Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.

But even then, what he had wasn’t quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn’t until 1980 — 32 years into his career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.

Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the comer. He never stopped working, never retired.

Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.

17. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?

A．He enjoyed watching movies. B．He was eager to earn money.

C．He wanted to be like his uncle. D．He felt he was good at acting.

18. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?

A．He directed some high quality movies. 

B．He avoided taking on new challenges.

C．He focused on playing dramatic roles. 

D．He became a successful comedy actor.

19. What does Nielsen’s career story tell us?

A．Art is long, life is short. B．He who laughs last laughs longest.

C．It’s never too late to learn. D．Where there’s a will there’s a way.

【答案】17-19 CDD

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Leslie Nielsen的演艺生涯。

17．细节理解题。通过文章第一段“his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting. ”可知，Nielsen想当演员的原因是想像他叔叔一样。故选C项。

18．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. (这部电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半段，即使影评人对这部电影评价不高，但仅仅凭他的喜剧表演就可以使这部电影获得经济上的成功)”可知，在Nielsen职业生涯的后半段，他成了一个成功的喜剧演员。故选D项。

19．推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一段“He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. (他凭借平凡的努力和决心建立了一个非常成功的事业。他告诉我们，即使是只有一个愿望，永不放弃，也能成就非凡的人生)”可推知，Nielsen的职业经历告诉我们：有志者事竟成。故选D项。