高考英语二轮复习重难点04 阅读理解之议论文（解析版）

【命题趋势】

议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。

 议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：

写法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为……

写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。

写法三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。

议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。

【满分技巧】

　　注意事项：

　　1. 避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)

　　2. 要先看题目，后读文章。(与先读文章，后看题目的比较)

　　高考材料阅读方法：先通读全文，重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，比较选项，选出答案。要有把握文章的宏观结构、中心句的能力。

　　3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：

　　(1)标志类、指示类的信息。

　　①表示并列关系：and, also, coupled with等；

　　②表示转折关系：but, yet, however, by contrast等；

　　③表示因果关系：therefore, thereby, consequently, as a result等；

　　④表示递进关系：in addition to, even, what’s more, furthermore等；

　　⑤表示重要性的词：prime, above all, first等。

　　以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。

　　(2)具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的(贬), excessively过分的(贬), objective(客观)等。

　　4. 常见问题：

　　(1)读不懂怎么？

　　问题本身太空泛，应该仔细分析问题到底在哪儿。首先要能意识到自身问题所在。

　　unconscious incompetent (无意识无能力)属于问题认知的第一阶段；

　　conscious incompetent (有意识无能力)属于问题认知的第二阶段；

　　conscious competent (有意识有能力)属于问题认知的第三阶段；

　　unconscious competent (无意识有能力)属于问题认知的第四阶段。

　　从认知的第三阶段达到第四阶段，是一个反复熟练的过程。

　　(2)读懂了文章之后还做错题怎么办？

　　(3)做完了一遍不愿意看第二遍怎么办？

　　(4)做题技巧用不上怎么办？

　　能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。

在课堂听明白之后，还需要回去自己思考，针对自己的实际进行分析，从而对症下药。

【热点话题】

     议论文热衷于社会现象类，社会热点类。

【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）

A

（合肥六中2020届高三冲刺最后一卷）

Nowadays medical technology seems to be advanced enough for doctors to perform brain transplants (移植). Though this procedure has only been successfully performed on animals so far, doctors are still hoping to perform this procedure on humans. However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with. Hopefully these dangerous side effects will convince doctors not to perform this procedure on humans.

Despite many benefits technology brings, I do not think this medical technology of brain transplants will help. We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adolescence our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longer be unique. A person with a different brain would seem to be a total stranger and in many ways they would be. No one should steal our identity from us, even if we are seriously injured, and change it to a completely new one. Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it should not be given to anyone else.

Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains. An elderly person who has died would have an aged brain that would not be as efficient as a younger person’s brain. Then would doctors have to find healthy brains of the same age as the person who needs it? This could also bring up other factors such as intelligence, gender, or physical problems that a person might have had before death. Also another problem might be how long a brain can be kept “alive” after death and how it can be kept “alive” without damage.

Overall, my feelings about this surgery are that it should not be done on humans until doctors have overcome all the problems and obstacles (障碍) that stand in their way of making human brain transplants successful.

12. Why does the author think brain transplants should not be performed at all?

A. The cost of the surgery is extremely high.

B. Doctors are not able to perform brain transplants.

C. A good many problems and side effects may arise.

D. This procedure has only been successful on animals.

13. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A. People shouldn’t give their healthy brains to others.

B. Having a brain transplant means losing one’s identity.

C. Transplanting brains is changing old brains into new ones.

D. Having brain transplants indicates stealing identity from others.

14. What do we know about “healthy” brains?

A. Aged brains aren’t healthy brains. B. Young brains are always healthy.

C. Healthy brains cannot be kept “alive”. D. It’s very difficult to tell healthy brains.

15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To encourage brain donation.

B. To stress the importance of brain operation.

C To argue against brain transplants on humans.

D. To introduce the technology of brain transplants.

【答案】12. C    13. B    14. D    15. C

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。虽然医疗技术越来越发达，在动物身上已经成功实施了脑部移植，但是作者认为不应该进行脑部移植，尤其是人类脑部移植。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with.”可知，作者认为完全不应该做脑部移植手术，尤其是在人类身上，因为可能会随之而来大量的问题和副作用。故选C项。

【13题详解】

段落大意题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adolescence our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longer be unique.(我们生来都只有一个大脑，从童年到青年，我们的思想逐渐形成现在的自己，所以如果我们有个不同的大脑，我们将不再独特)”及“Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it should not be given to anyone else.(同样，对于有健康大脑而去世的人，那是他们的身份，不应该给其他任何人)”可知，第二段主要讲做脑部移植意味着失去自己的身份，故选B项。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains.(脑部移植的另一个问题是，医生如何选择什么是“健康的”或者“正常的”大脑)可知，很难辨别“健康的”大脑。故选D项。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段中作者提出自己的观点“in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans(我认为，完全不应该做脑部移植手术，尤其是在人类身上)”，接下来具体分析为什么不赞成脑部移植，最后一段作者再次强调“it should not be done on humans…(它不应该在人类身上实施……)”，所以本文的目的是反对人类脑部移植。故选C项。

B

（郑州外国语学校2020届高三第八次调研考试）

Throughout history, music spread among people of different cultures. In today’s technological advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artist’s permission. This can lead to many problems, and music companies are now cracking down on this practice. Sharing music online without permission is theft.

Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their efforts. They say that sharing music online has resulted in a huge drop in profits and sales over the past 10 years. People who find music for free online are not paying for CDs or every MP3 downloaded. To truly understand the influence of music piracy (盗版行为) on creators, one must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared between musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business for all companies involved.

There are many people who don’t see the harm in sharing music online and even think they have the right to do it. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he should be able to do with the material whatever he wants. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide permission, which means people like the blogger are thieves.

Although we don’t spread today’s music the same way we did before, there’s no doubt that people around the world love to share music. However, internet piracy would prevent musicians from continuing producing albums for fear of theft. Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profit to continue their music careers.

8. The underlined phrase “cracking down on” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. bringing up carefully B. speaking highly of

C. dealing seriously with D. destroying completely

9. What can we infer from the text?

A. Artists are taking action to protect their right.

B. Sharing music files online affects a lot of people.

C. Online music sharing increases sales of music CD.

D. A person who bought a CD has the right to share it online.

10. How is the text organized?

A. Topic—Argument—Explanation.

B. Opinion—Discussion—Description.

C. Main idea—Comparison—Supporting statements.

D. Introduction—Supporting statements—Conclusion.

11. What is the main idea of the text?

A. Music piracy is kind of theft. B. Sharing music is Acceptable.

C. Downloading music should be punished. D. Music piracy is good for music lovers.

【答案】8. C    9. B    10. D    11. A

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了未经允许在网上分享音乐是偷窃行为，并从其造成的不利影响和侵权方面作了分析，同时提倡了人们需要购买自己的音乐，这样艺术家才能获得足够的利润来继续他们的音乐事业。

【8题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“This can lead to many problems, and music companies are now cracking down on this practice.”可知，前后分句由and连接，为顺承关系，且前一句提及“This can lead to many problems(这会导致很多问题)”，根据常识和顺承关系可以推知后一句在表达音乐公司在采取措施解决问题。因此可以推知划线词组“cracking down on”应与选项C“dealing seriously with(认真处理)”表达含义一致。故选C项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段第4句至末尾内容“To truly understand the influence of music piracy on creators, one must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared between musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business for all companies involved.( 要真正了解音乐盗版对创作者的影响，必须了解有多少人参与了录制过程。对于每张专辑的销售，利润必须在音乐家、音响工程师、音乐制作人、经理、广告商和销售产品的公司之间分享。许多人认为共享音乐只会影响唱片艺术家，但事实是，共享会损害所有相关公司的业务。)”可知，在线分享音乐会影响一些相关的很多人。故选B项。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。分析可知，第一段提出中心话题-- Sharing music online without permission is theft.；第二段讲述网络分享音乐对所有创作者的不利影响；第三段从侵权方面讲述了其不当之处；第四段总结全文（Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profit to continue their music careers.）因此，本文的段落结构为总分总结构。故选D项。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章结构为总分结构，第一段提出了本文的中心话题：Sharing music online without permission is theft.( 未经允许在网上分享音乐是偷窃行为。)。选项A “Music piracy is kind of theft.( 音乐盗版是一种盗窃行为。)”贴合主旨要义。故选A项。

C

（哈师大附中2020年高三第四次模拟考试）

Many studies link music study to academic achievements. But what is it about serious music training that seems to associate with great success in other fields?

I put the question to top-flight professionals in industries from tech to finance to media, all of whom had serious (if often little-known) past lives as musicians, Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the Federal Reserve, was a professional saxophone player. The billionaire Bruce Kovner is a pianist who took classes at Juilliard. Almost all made a connection between their music training and their professional achievements. Mr. Greenspan says, ''I can tell you as a statistician, the probability that that is mere chance is extremely small. That's all that you can judge about the facts. The important question is: why does that connection exist? ''

Paul Allen, the billionaire co-founder of Microsoft, offers an answer. He says music ''builds up your confidence in the ability to create''. The music had the emotional similarity to his day job, with each giving a different type of motivation. The NBC chief White House correspondent Chuck Todd, who attended college on music scholarships, says there is a connection between years of practice and competition and what he calls the ''drive for perfection''. He adds, ''The group playing trains you, quite literally, to play well with others, to know when to solo (独奏) and when to follow. ''

For many of the high achievers I spoke with, music functions as a ''hidden language'', as the former World Bank president James Wolfensohn calls it, one that improves the ability to connect diverse or even contradictory ideas. According to him, music may not make you a genius, or a better person. But it helps train you to think differently, to process different points of view-and most importantly, to take pleasure in listening.

12. How does Alan Greenspan find the connection between music training and professional achievements?

A. It's relatively weak. B. It's not common fact.

C. It's not a coincidence. D. It's widely acknowledged.

13. What quality does music equip Chuck Todd with?

A. Teamwork. B. Confidence.

C. Creativity. D. Tolerance.

14. How does the author mainly develop the text？

A. By comparing different facts. B. By debating and concluding.

C. By self-questioning and answering. D. By offering concrete examples.

15. What can be inferred from the text?

A. Music contributes to success. B. Music is the universal language.

C. Music can change your career. D. Music is linked to academic success.

【答案】12. C    13. A    14. D    15. A

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。文章用一些成功人士的事例证明了音乐有助于学术成就这个观点。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的Almost all made a connection between their music training and their professional achievements. Mr. Greenspan says, ''I can tell you as a statistician, the probability that that is mere chance is extremely small. (几乎所有人都把他们的音乐训练和他们的专业成就联系起来。Greenspan先生说：“作为一个统计学家我可以告诉你，这仅仅是偶然的可能性很小。)可知，Alan Greenspan 认为音乐训练和专业成就之间的关系并非偶然。C. It's not a coincidence.(它不是一个巧合)符合以上说法，故选C项。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段的He adds, ''The group playing trains you, quite literally, to play well with others, to know when to solo (独奏) and when to follow. ''(他补充道：“事实上，团体表演可以训练你与他人一起演奏、知道什么时候独奏、以及什么时候跟着演奏。”)可推测，Chuck Todd 具有团队精神。A. Teamwork.(团队精神)符合以上说法，故选A项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章提出了一个论点——音乐训练和专业成就有关，然后列举了Alan Greenspan ，Bruce Kovner ，Paul Allen ，Chuck Todd ，James Wolfensohn 等人的事例来证明该观点。由此推测，本文是通过举例的方式来进行陈述的。D. By offering concrete examples.(通过举具体的例子)符合以上说法，故选D项。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段的But what is it about serious music training that seems to associate with great success in other fields?(但是严肃的音乐训练和其它领域取得巨大成功之间有什么联系呢？)和第二段的Almost all made a connection between their music training and their professional achievements.( 几乎所有人都把他们的音乐训练和他们的专业成就联系起来)以及其他成功人士对音乐和学术成就之间关系的认同，可推测音乐有助于成功。A. Music contributes to success.(音乐有助于成功)符合以上说法，故选A项。

D

（2020届广西柳州高级中学高三4月线上月考英语试题）

Why have so many awards ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.

It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win "patronage" from rich people-a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now cither funded by the state or by private companies. Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.

However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel prize, many more people buy his books. When a group win the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sell lots more records.

Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicising not only music but also MTV itself！

On the surface, it seems to be a "win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question-how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?

12. Why are some successful people like Shakespeare mentioned at the very beginning of the passage?

A. To show great admiration. B. To provide the background.

C. To prepare for the topic. D. To answer the question.

13. Artists and scientists used to receive money from______.

A. rich people's support B. ales of their works

C. different awards D. the government

14. The writer thinks awards actually do a better job in____.

A. getting the winners' great achievements recognized

B. financially supporting a scientist's or an artist's work

C. improving the status of the greatest scientists or artists

D. earning more money for the awards ceremony sponsors

15. What is the writer's attitude towards awards ceremonies？

A. Subjective. B. Approving.

C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.

【答案】12. C    13. A    14. D    15. C

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。作者认为现在的颁奖典礼过于泛滥，而可知大多数奖项由组织机构或公司赞助，受益的表面上看也有获奖人，实际上更多的是赞助商。作者同时对颁奖让获奖者的成就得到认可这一行为持怀疑态度。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段Why have so many awards ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.可知作者不赞同泛滥成灾的颁奖典礼，像莎士比亚、达芬奇或者亚当·斯密等等伟人并没有得过什么奖，但仍然伟大。由此判断出作者提及这些名人是为提出主题铺路。故选C。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段第一句in the past, scientists and artists could win "patronage" from rich people-a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money.可知在过去，科学家和艺术家通过王公贵族雇请他们作画赢得富人的“赞助”的，故选A。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits but also the sponsors.可知大多数奖项由组织机构或公司赞助，受益的表面上看也有获奖人，实际上更多的是赞助商。注意题干中的“actually”，暗示不是表面现象，而是事实上，所以获利更多的是赞助商们。故选D。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段On the surface, it seems to be a "win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question-how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?可知，从表面上看，这似乎是一个“双赢”的局面，每个人都很开心，但让我问你一个问题——你认为宣传和营销在这里取得了多大的成功，以及取得的成就得到了多少真正的认可？所以表面上是双赢，但实际上赢家是市场，最后一个问句判断出作者对颁奖让获奖者的成就得到认可持怀疑态度。故选C。

E

（黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校2021届高三上学期开学考试英语试题）

Have you ever thought that your life will be perfect if something in your outside world changes? You may say, “I will live happily if I find my soul mate.” You may say, “If the perfect job comes along, I will get satisfaction. My problem is that my boss is stupid.” Or you may say, “If I have a child, I will know what it is like to be loved.” The problem is that it is not the outside world that prevents you from experiencing peace, love and joy. Instead, it is your own internal (内部的) patterns that get in your way.

To prove this point, at my weekend programs, I had my students look at a flower on my table. Then I asked them to share their experiences. Some showed a state of complete joy because staring at the flower reminded them of their wedding or a great trip with their lovers. Others said the flower made them angry because it reminded them of a gift given by a former partner who turned against them. Some students even told me that the flower reminded them of their beloved grandmothers’ gardens with some shedding tears (流泪)of joy and others shedding tears of sadness. However, the flower was still just a flower.

Our internal patterns decide whether each moment is filled with peace, anger, joy, love or sadness. When you don’t realize that it is your own internal state that is creating your experience, you are likely to blame (责备)the external situations in your life. Most people aren’t taught that emotion is a choice. And they aren’t taught how to change those lower emotional patterns such as anger, anxiety, sadness and so on. Next time, when you meet something bad, please look at your internal state. When you accept that you are responsible for your own state, and find the courage to turn inward, you can step out of being a slave to what shows up in your external world.

32. Why does the author mention the examples in Paragraph 1 ?

A. To lead to the topic of this passage.

B. To complain about imperfect life.

C. To show common problems in life.

D. To encourage people to change the outside world.

33. How does the author prove his opinion?

A. By giving examples. B. By doing an experiment.

C. By telling a related story. D. By comparing other people’s opinions.

34. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?

A. To step out of negative emotions.

B. To pay attention to our internal world.

C. To share our real emotions with others.

D. To use different methods to change bad emotions.

35. What does the author want to express through the passage?

A. Our external world matters a lot.

B. Our emotions can affect our health.

C. Our internal patterns truly decide our emotions.

D. Our experiences have a great influence on our emotions.

【答案】32. A    33. B    34. B    35. C

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章作者通过做实验的方式证明他的观点——我们的内在模式真正决定了我们的情绪。

【32题详解】

推理判断题。答案定位在第一段The problem is that it is not the outside world that prevents you from experiencing peace, love and joy. Instead, it is your own internal (内部的) patterns that get in your way.（问题是，并不是外部世界阻止你体验和平、爱和快乐。相反，阻碍你的是你自己的内在模式。）由此可知作者在第一段中提到这些例子，是为了引出这篇文章的主题，故选A。

【33题详解】

推理判断题。答案定位在第二段To prove this point, at my weekend programs, I had my students look at a flower on my table. Then I asked them to share their experiences.（为了证明这一点，在我的周末课程中，我让学生们看我桌上的一朵花。然后我请他们分享他们的感受。）由此推断出作者通过做实验的方式证明他的观点，故选B。

【34题详解】

细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段Next time, when you meet something bad, please look at your internal state.（下次，当你遇到不好的事情时，请看看你的内心状态。）由此可知，作者在最后一段建议我们关注我们的内心世界，故选B。

【35题详解】

主旨大意题。第一段The problem is that it is not the outside world that prevents you from experiencing peace, love and joy. Instead, it is your own internal (内部的) patterns that get in your way.（问题是，并不是外部世界阻止你体验和平、爱和快乐。相反，阻碍你的是你自己的内在模式。）是全文的主题句，可知作者通过这篇文章说明我们的内在模式真正决定了我们的情绪，故选C。

【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题2，答案定位在第二段To prove this point, at my weekend programs, I had my students look at a flower on my table. Then I asked them to share their experiences.（为了证明这一点，在我的周末课程中，我让学生们看我桌上的一朵花。然后我请他们分享他们的感受。）由此推断出作者通过做实验的方式证明他的观点，故选B。

F

（临川二中实验学校2020-2021学年度上学期高三年级第一次月考英语试卷）

I just had a snowstorm that piled up eight inches of snow. It truly was a winter wonderland, and there was white beauty everywhere. Since I didn't have anything to do that day, I really enjoyed it.

But then the second snowstorm arrived that night, piling additional inches of snow on top of the snow banks that were already there. And then on the evening news, the weather cast gave us a notice that still another snowstorm was headed our way. Then I felt despondent. I had things to do and places to go. After days of being snowbound, I felt like I was under house arrest. I was stuck.

A place stuck isn't a fun place to be, whether it's from a snowstorm or from life circumstances such as a bad relationship, bills that seem to tower over our heads, or situations where we see no way out. All of us will feel stuck at one time or another, but it's how we respond that makes the difference.

I had a friend named Hannah. She was stuck in the heartbreaking world of infertility (不孕). She longed for a child more than anything. Instead of accepting defeat, she acted sincerely. Think about Nelson Mandela in a dark prison. It was a seemingly hopeless place, but instead of becoming depressed or bitter, he kept fighting for freedom. Yes, he kept fighting to get the success.

Circumstances cannot define us, but our reactions do. Each of those men and women learned important lessons in their "stuck" situations, and we can as well.

4. What does the underlined word" despondent" in paragraph 2 mean?

A. Unhappy. B. Unusual. C. Ambitious. D. Energetic.

5. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?

A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.

B. Provide some advice for the readers.

C. Introduce some background information.

D. Form a connecting link of the context.

6. Why does the author mention Hannah and Nelson Mandela?

A. To introduce two great celebrities.

B. To introduce the way to be famous.

C. To show their different circumstances.

D. To show how to respond to difficult situations.

7. What's the best title for the text?

A. Don't be defeated by failure

B. Don't be trapped by snow

C. Enjoy the white beauty

D. Keep calm in the winter

【答案】4. A    5. D    6. D    7. B

【解析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述，作者曾经被大雪困住，无法外出。他从这件事中学到了对待人生应该持有的态度——乐观勇敢地面对困境。

【4题详解】

词义猜测题。由第二段中的“I had things to do and places to go. After days of being snowbound, I felt like I was under house arrest. I was stuck.”（我有事情要做，有地方要去。在被大雪困了好几天之后，我觉得自己被软禁起来了。我被卡住了。）可知作者感觉自己像是被软禁了，说明当时作者是不开心的(despondent)。故选A项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。文章前两段介绍了作者被大雪困住的遭遇，而文章第四段和第五段就如何应对困境进行了阐述。另外，第三段介绍了人们在现实生活中可能遇见的困境，属于过渡段落，起着承上启下的作用。故选D项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。由第四段“I had a friend named Hannah. She was stuck in the heartbreaking world of infertility (不孕). She longed for a child more than anything. Instead of accepting defeat, she acted sincerely. Think about Nelson Mandela in a dark prison. It was a seemingly hopeless place, but instead of becoming depressed or bitter, he kept fighting for freedom. Yes, he kept fighting to get the success.”（我有个朋友叫汉娜。她被困在令人心碎的不孕世界里，她最渴望的是一个孩子。她没有接受失败，反而表现得很诚恳。想想纳尔逊·曼德拉在黑暗的监狱里。这是一个看似绝望的地方，但他没有变得沮丧或痛苦，而是继续为自由而战。是的，他一直在努力争取成功。）可知第四段介绍了两个乐观勇敢面对困境的例子。故选D项。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。文章前两段介绍了作者被大雪困住的遭遇（大雪在这里指困境），第三段介绍了人们在现实生活中可能遇见的困境，第四段和第五段就如何应对困境进行了阐述,作者通过讲述自己遇雪的经历和所举的例子，告诉大家要乐观勇敢地面对困境，B项“别被雪困住”符合文意。故选B项。