普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块1第4讲主谓一致学案
展开第四讲 主谓一致
[语法规则再现]
一、主谓一致的概念
主谓一致即谓语动词的使用要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
原则 | 情况 |
语法 一致 | (1)主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。 (2)many a＋单数名词/more than one所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 (3)代词each以及由every，some，no，any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each，every时，谓语需用单数。 |
意义一致 | (1)形式单数但意义为复数的people，the police，cattle等谓语动词用复数。 (2)the＋形容词表示一类人的the young/old/injured/wounded等谓语用复数。 (3)表示某国人的总称的the Chinese，the British等谓语用复数。 (4)以s结尾的不可数名词或学科名词：如news新闻，physics物理，mathematics/maths数学，economics经济学，politics政治学，谓语用单数。 (5)有些单复数同形的名词，如means方式，aircraft飞机，deer鹿，fish鱼等，作主语时，应根据单数概念或复数概念判断谓语。 |
意义一致 | (6)集体名词family，audience，crew，crowd，class，company，committee作主语时，主语指整体用单数，反之用复数。 (7)金钱、时间、价格、度量衡等复数名词作主语时，看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 |
就近原则 | (1)由neither...nor...；either...or...；not only...but also...；not...but...等连接主语 (2)there be...and... |
特殊情况 | 处理方式 | 举例 |
不定式，动名词，名词从句作主语 | 谓语用单数 | Doing sports is beneficial to our health. |
A＋together with，along with，with，except，as well as＋B作主语 | 谓语动词与A一致 | Mary together with her sisters is studying Chinese in China. |
先行词＋which/who/that(作主语)引导定语从句 | 从句谓语与先行词一致 | I will play chess with my friends who are good at it. |
one of＋复数名词＋关系代词作主语引导的定语从句 | 从句谓语用复数 | He is one of the students who win the first prize in our school. |
the only/very one of＋复数名词＋关系代词作主语引导的定语从句 | 从句谓语用单数 | He is the only one of the students who wins the first prize in our school. |
all/some/half/any/part/most/the rest＋of＋名词或代词作主语 | 谓语与of后的词一致 | The rest of the lecture is quite boring. |
A (large) number of＋复数名词作主语 | 谓语用复数 | A number of cities in our country are becoming more and more beautiful. |
The number of＋名词复数作主语 | 谓语用单数 | The number of athletes competing in the Olympic Games has increased. |
书名，剧名，报纸名称及国家名称的复数名词作主语 | 谓语用单数 | The United States of America is one of the most developed countries in the world. |
Many a或More than one所修饰的词作主语时 | 谓语用单数 | Many a computer game influences young people's life badly. |
[典型例题分析]
1．Hearing loss in a large number of teenagers ________caused because of their listening to loud music.
A．is ________ B．has
C．are D．have
A [考查语态和主谓一致。句意：很多年轻人听力衰退是因为他们听了声音特别大的音乐而引起的。Hearing loss in a large number of teenagers是动名词短语作主语，当动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数，这里句子的主语与cause之间是被动关系，故选A项。]
2．An increasing number of students，year by year，across China ________hard to realize their dream of studying abroad.
A．is trying B．are trying
C．will try D．have tried
B [考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着学生数量越来越多，整个中国都在努力实现他们出国学习的梦想。从句意看是现在进行时，主语是China，因为后面用their，所以这里指中国人，谓语是复数，故选B项。]
[语法专项对练]
单句语法填空
1．Everything goes (go) well as we expected.
2．There was (be) a playground and several trees at the end of this road ten years ago.
3．Whether they will come depends (depend) on the weather.
4．Most of the drinking water comes (come) from the Black River.
5．Not only the twins but also Mary does (do) morning exercises every day.
6．Either you or she has (have) made a wrong decision.
7．The police are (be) trying to catch the thief.
8．Recently the number of the visitors to Hong Kong is increasing (increase)，and a number of them are (be) for shopping.
9．More than one room is needed (need) tonight.
10．When and where to go has (have) been decided.
11．Reading books is playing (play) an important role in students' life now.
12．The young are (be) the hope of a country.
13．Lucy is the only one of the girls who gets (get) up at 6：00 every day.
14．Politics is studied (study) by more and more students.
15．Three hours were spent (spend) to finish this task last night.
16．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is (be) often acceptable.
17．Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were (be) too violent for use at the table.
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