普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块2第2讲形容词、副词和比较级学案
展开第二讲 形容词、副词和比较级
[语法规则再现]
一、形容词的比较级
1．形容词比较级的用法
结构 | 用法 |
比较级＋ than... | 意为“比……更……”，表示两者之间的差级比较。 You are much younger than me. 你比我年轻多了。 |
比较级＋ and＋ 比较级 | 意为“越来越……”，表示事物本身程度的逐渐变化。 As winter is coming，the day is becoming shorter and shorter. 随着冬季的到来，白天越来越短了。 |
the＋比较 级...，the ＋比较级... | 意为“越……越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。 The shorter your speech is，the better it is. 你的演讲越简短越好。 The more difficult the problem is，the more careful we should be. 问题越困难，我们就应该越小心。 |
not＋比较 级＋than... | 意为“一方不比另一方更……”。 My French is not better than yours. 我的法语不比你的好。 |
修饰数量，意为“不超过”，不带感情色彩。 She is not more than seven years old. 她不超过7岁。 |
注意：比较级的修饰语
比较级前有时可用much，even，still，yet，(by) far，a lot，a great deal，a little，a bit，rather以及倍数、分数和百分数等修饰，说明两者差别程度的大小。
She is much taller than her sister.
她比她姐姐高多了。
He is far more careful than me.
他比我仔细多了。
2．倍数修饰表示比较意义的句型的用法
句型/例句 |
倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as... The windows of the red house are twice as wide as those of the brown house. 那个红房子的窗户是那个棕色房子的两倍宽。 |
倍数＋形容词比较级＋than... This rope is three times longer than that one. 这根绳子是那根的四倍长。 |
倍数＋the size/length/width/height等＋of... Our playground is four times the size of yours. 我们的操场是你们的四倍大。 |
形容词比较级＋than...＋by＋倍数 This hall seats more people than that one by three times. 这个大厅容纳的人数是那个大厅的三倍多。 |
倍数＋what从句 The price of the house is double what it was. 这个房子的价格是原来的两倍。 |
二、副词和副词的位置
类别 | 作用和位置 | 例词/例句 |
时间副词 | 表示时间。可以放在句首，也可放在句尾，有时还可放在动词前面 | now现在，just now刚才，right away立刻，today今天，before以前，soon很快，ago以前，yesterday 昨天，recently最近，tonight今晚，later后来 I've only recently started learning French. 我只是最近才开始学法语的。 He moved to a small town three years ago. 他三年前搬到一个小镇上去了。 |
地点副词 | 表示地点。一般来说，常置于句末，也可放在句首，但不可放在句中 | abroad在国外，ahead在前面，back在后面，down在下边，downstairs在楼下，eastward向东，away在远处，everywhere到处，here这里，in在里边，indoors在室内，inland在内地，inside在里边 He decided to travel eastward. 他决定向东旅行。 The boy rushed downstairs. 男孩冲下楼去。 In the event of rain，the party will be held indoors. 如果下雨，聚会就会在室内举行。 |
频率副词 | 表示一定时间内动作发生的次数。修饰形容词和副词时，一般放在其前；修饰动词时，常放在助动词、情态动词、系动词之后，实义动词之前 | always总是，constantly频繁地，continually持续不断地，ever曾经，frequently频繁地，never从不，regularly定期地，occasionally偶尔，often经常，repeatedly一再，多次 I've told you repeatedly not to do so. 我再三告诉过你不要这样做。 You should always be careful about your behavior. 你要时刻注意自己的行为。 |
方式副词 | 表示动作、行为或状态发生或存在的方式，通常放在动词(＋宾语)的后面；表示特别强调时，偶尔也可放在实义动词前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后 | angrily生气地，badly糟糕地，carefully仔细地，clearly清晰地，closely紧密地，eagerly热心地，firmly坚定地，happily高兴地，nervously紧张地，suddenly突然地，thoroughly 完全地，uncomfortably不舒适地，widely广泛地，warmly热情地，willingly情愿地 He answered somewhat nervously. 他回答时有些局促不安。 He shifted uncomfortably in his chair. 他在椅子上不舒服地动来动去。 They warmly welcomed us at the door. 他们在门口热情地欢迎我们。 |
注意：方式副词、时间副词、地点副词并列时的位置
当这三种副词同时出现时，通常方式副词在最前面，其后依次是地点副词和时间副词。
The boy read quietly over there all the afternoon.
这个男孩整个下午都在那里静静地看书。
1.一些表示情感类的形容词可用于句型“sb.is＋adj.＋to do...”中，意为“某人对做某事感到……”，这类形容词有glad，happy，afraid，angry，nervous，sorry，excited，surprised，pleased，sad等。
The old man was very happy to see his wife again.
这位老人再次见到了妻子，他感到很高兴。
2．许多形容词加ly后构成副词，但有些以ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。
friendly友好的 lonely孤独的 lovely可爱的
likely有可能的 daily日常的 lively有生气的
3.多个形容词修饰同一个名词时，其排列顺序通常如下：限定词(冠词、所有格、物主代词、指示代词、数词等)＋表示观点的形容词(品质、状态等，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋大小或长短＋形状或样式＋年龄或新旧＋颜色＋产地或来源＋材料或种类＋用途＋名词。
two beautiful new green silk evening dresses
两件又新又漂亮的绿色丝绸晚礼服
a fine little clay doll
一个精巧的小泥娃娃
4．关注“形容词作状语”。如果不是修饰谓语动词，而是说明主语所处的状态，这时用形容词而不是副词作状语。
He arrived home，cold and hungry.(此句相当于He arrived home，and he was cold and hungry.此处cold and hungry不是修饰谓语动词arrived的，而是说明主语“he”到家时的状态的)
He sat there，silent.(此句相当于He sat there and he was silent.)
[典型例题分析]
1．If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________(great) and ________(little) importance.
greater；less [句意：如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。故用比较级greater；less。]
2．The ________(early) the treatment is given，the ________(good) the patient's chances.
earlier；better [句意：病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。故用比较级earlier；better。]
3．Of the two cameras，I would prefer the ________(small) one，which is very easy for me to carry.
smaller [句意：这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它便于携带。两者比较，故用smaller。]
4．The ________(happy) are not those who own all the best things，but those who can appreciate the beauty of life.
happiest [句意：最幸福的人不是那些拥有最好的事物的人，而是那些懂得欣赏生活的美好的人。根据句意用最高级happiest。]
[语法专项对练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I'm so grateful (gratefully) to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
2．They gave money to the old people's home either personally (person)or through their companies.
3．What an exciting (excite) junior high school life we're having!
4．The children look happy and they are playing football happily．(happy)
5．To keep healthy，you need to eat less (little) meat and more vegetables.
6．Little Tom sat amazed (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
7．It was considerate (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
8．Lingling did her homework so carelessly (care) that she made too many mistakes.
9．Just be patient (patience)．
10．What was so impressive (impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.
11．The Yellow River is the second longest (long) river in China.
12．Mr. Dean was thankful (thank) to the policeman who had helped his kids arrive safely.
13．It seems impossible (possible) for the Spring Festival Gala to satisfy all 1.3 billion Chinese.
14．The harder (hard)you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!
15．—Have you seen the movie Dangal (《摔跤吧，爸爸》)?
—Yes.I think it is the best (good) movie I have ever seen.
16．You're standing too close to the camera.Can you move a little farther (far)?
17．Mary kept weighing herself to see how much heavier (heavy) she was getting.
18．—Is your headache getting better (good)?
—No，it's worse(bad)．
19．Strangely (strange) enough，some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
20．Listening is thus an active，not a passive (pass)，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.
21．How beautifully (beautiful) she sings！I have never heard a better (good) voice.
22．Boris has brains.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher (high) IQ.
23．The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper (cheap)，but not as good (good)．
24．The great success of this program has been largely (large) due to the support given by the local businessmen.
25．Mr.Smith owns a larger (large) collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport，workers began to unload a number of 1.wooden (wood) boxes which contained clothing.No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was 2.extremely (extreme) heavy.It 3.suddenly (sudden) occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.He was 4.astonished (astonish) at what he found.A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of 5.woolen(wool) goods. He was 6.so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.After he was arrested，the man admitted hiding 7.silently (silent) in the box before the plane left London.He had had a long and 8.uncomfortable (comfort) trip，for he had been confined (关在) to the wooden box 9. secretly (secret) for over eighteen hours. The man was ordered to pay ￡3，500 for the cost of the trip，which was 10.more expensive (expensive) than the normal price，which only cost ￡2，000.
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