【同步练习】译林版初三英语上册 Unit 6 Birdwatching（知识点讲解）

8A U6

一、词汇：

一) 词性转换：

1. 罕见的 adj. rare  几乎不 adv. rarely     2. 大自然 n. nature  自然的adj. natural

3. 领导v. lead    n. leader        4. 渔民n. fisherman 钓鱼v. fish

5. 社会n. society  社会的adj. social      6. 旅行n. tour 旅行者n. tourist

7. 理解v. understand  n.understanding      8. 重要性n. importance  adj. important

9. 清楚的adj. clear清晰地adv. clearly   10. 申请n. application  v. apply

11. 介绍v. introduce  n. introduction      12. v, speak 演讲者n. speaker

13. 噪音n. noise 吵闹的adj. noisy 吵闹地adv. noisily

14. 不规则动词过去式：lead-led   understand-understood  

15. 表示人的后缀：

-er: speaker   player  reporter  driver  farmer  painter  worker  writer  singer 

-or: visitor    actor  

-ist: tourist    artist   scientist

例题：

1. It is important for _________(speak) to make the audience(观众) interested.

2. Why not join the Dancing _________(协会) since you are so interested in it？

3. Can you see those _________(渔民) names on the website?

4. All of the cameras belong to those _________(tour).

5. Sometimes it is _________(nature) to ask what Apple will be without Steve Jobs.

6.The teacher said everything clearly, so each student _________(understand) him.

speakers   Society   fishermen’s   tourists   natural   understood

二) 重点单词用法：

1. birdwatching      n.  观鸟

去观鸟   go birdwatching=go to watch birds

2. rare            adj.  罕见的

adv.    rarely        几乎不，  用法类似于 seldom.是表示否定的词。

例题：I think the red-crowned crane is the __rarest__(rare) bird in the world.

3. provide    vt. 提供

给某人提供某物    provide sb. with sth. =provide sth. for sb.

例题：---What do you think of the hotel?

---Great! It can provide us _____ hot water and provide nice food ________us.

A.for; for         B.with;with       C. for; with             D. with; for

4. while       

conj. 然而，表达对比关系  I want to go swimming, while he wants to go running.

n. 一会儿      for a while

5. stay   n. 停留

在我待在那儿期间during my stay there (注意代词)

去那里待一会儿（两种）go there for a short stay         stay there for a short time

6. in order to do=to do    为了，以便于  后加动词短语  (原形)

例句：Most people take a camera to take photos of the birds.(改为同义句)

Most people take a camera ___ in___ ___order___ ___to____ take photos of the birds.

7. space   n. 空间  不可数名词

less and less space  living space/room

8. lead to    导致

lead to sth./doing sth.    lead to failure   导致失败    lead to his death  导致他的死亡  

例题：The police reported that his carelessness ____led__(导致) to the accident.

9. moreover      adv.此外

一般放在句首，  后加“，”常与同位置副词考查副词词义辨析。

instead 相反，取而代之的是        however 然而        otherwise 否则          anyway 不管怎样，

无论如何

例题：The price is too high.___D___ , the house isn’t in a suitable position(合适的位置).

A. otherwise         B. however   C. though             D. moreover

10. prevent    vt. 阻止

阻止某人做某事（3种）

prevent sb. (from) doing

stop sb. (from) doing.     注意区分stop是阻止还是停止

keep sb. from doing      注意这里的from不能省略，区分keep sb. doing sth.

11. change  n. 改变，变化

the changes in....   ……方面的变化

表示零钱，不可数

12. importance    n.  重要性        the importance of

例题：这本书在帮助人们理解湿地的重要性上是多么有用啊!           

How _useful the book is to help people understand the importance of__ the wetland!

13.introduce        v.介绍  introduce oneself  自我介绍

n. introduction

14.cover

覆盖……的面积：  cover an area of...

例题：因为越来越多的鸟类没有足够的庇护所，  所以它们正处于危险之中。

Because ____more and more birds don’t have enough cover__, they are now in danger.

二、重点句型及易错点：

1. I like the birds at the market.

在市场上 at the market

2. What do cranes look like?

问长相：  What do/does...look like?=How do/does...look?

问 ……样的：  What be ... like?

---_____________________________?

--- They are tall and their legs are long.

A. How are the cranes like              B. How the cranes look like

C. What are cranes like                   D. What do cranes like

3. Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North-east China.

在中国东北部：in North-east China=in the north-east of China

4. 40% of them live in Zhalong.

主语中含有百分比时，谓语动词看of后面的名词决定单复数

5. The reserve covers an area of over 4,530 square kilometres.

覆盖……的面积：cover an area of...

6. Yancheng Nature Reserve is home to different kinds of plants and rare birds.

……的家园  the home to

7. What should we take with us when we go birdwatching?

take...with....是随身携带，注意with后面不用反身代词

8. What should we take with us when we go birdwatching?

take...with....是随身携带，  注意 with 后面不用反身代词

为了不迷路，导游建议我们随身携带地图。

The guide ___advised us to take a map with us in order not to get lost_______.

9. You may get thirsty.

get系动词，表示变得。  

become 和 get 指一个人的暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。如：

become [get] angry (famous, fat, ill, old, well, strong, deaf, etc) 生气(成名，发胖，得病，见老，痊愈，变聋，变强，等)

另外，become 和 get 还可指天气的变化和社会的趋势。如：

It’s becoming [getting] cold (dark, cloudy, etc). 天渐冷了(黑了，多云了等)。

Divorce is becoming [getting] more common. 离婚现象越来越普遍了。

go的用法

go 主要指某人的肉体上或精神上由强到弱的变化。如：

He went bald (deaf, insane, etc). 他变秃了(变聋了，发疯了, 等)。

有时也指事物由强到弱(或由好变坏)。如：

The radio has gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。

The meat has gone off (gone bad). 肉变味了(变坏了)。

注：go 一般不与 old, tired, ill 等连用，遇此情况要用其他连系动词。如：

become [grow, get] old 变老     fall [become] ill (sick) 生病      get [feel] tired 累了

go 和 turn 可用于人或事物颜色的变化。如：

She went [turned] blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。

The rotten meat went [turned] green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。

10. Take a note with you to write down what you see.

write down写下，记下来      write + 文体     write about+内容

11. Some writers like to include birds in their poems.

include....in their poems   把……写进诗里

注意include和including的区别：

The book includes four parts.       I have many books, including comic books.

三、语法：

动词不定式

不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。

My father asked me not to read in bed.

我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。

不定式的句法作用

动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。

(1) 作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。

It's important (for us) to protect environment.   (对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。

注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。

It's very kind of you to help me.  你帮助我真是太好啦。

It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦！

(2) 作宾语

He wants to go out with her.

注：①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。

Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？

②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语很容易。

(3) 宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西要他关小收音机。

(4) 作定语

动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。（注意不及物动词后的介词）

I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。

There is nothing to worry about. 没什么要担心的。

*不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。

Weihai is a good place to live in.威海是一个居住的好地方。

I don't have enough time to study for the test, so I have something to worry about. 因为我没有足够的时间为考试而学习，所以我有些担心。

(5) 作状语

Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.(目的) 王太太去上海看她女儿。

We're glad to meet you here. (原因) 我们很高兴在这见到你。

He is too tired to work on.(结果) 他太累了而不能继续工作。

(6) 作表语

My mother’s job is to make clothes. 我妈妈的工作是做衣服。

3．不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。

They told us not to play basketball too long. 他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。

4．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉同学们做什么。

He didn't know where to go. (where to go＝where he should go) 他不知道去哪里。

注意what和how的选择

5. 省略to的不定式：

Make/let/have sb. do

See/hear/watch/notice sb. do/doing

辨析：

(1)有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别。

①

Stop thinking，please.请停止思考。

Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一会。

②

I remember posting your letter.

我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)

Please remember to post my letter.

请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)

③

I forgot to bring my homework. 我忘记带作业了。(没带作业)

I forgot bringing my homework. 我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)

④

Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one. 做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。

Go on doing the exercise after a short rest. 休息一会儿之后，我们继续做练习。

(2)现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。

我们常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。

I heard him singing in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)

I heard him sing in the classroom. 我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)

I saw him going up the stairs. 我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)

I saw him go up the stairs. 我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已完成)