2.06 语篇理解之推理判断题(含PPT)-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)

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推理判断题重难知识点复习
【命题解密】【命题角度】1. 细节推理题。即考查对于文章细节内容的判断能力,其对应的内容可以是文章的一句话或几句话、抑或是一两个段落,是相对比较容易快速定位的推理题,题干中经常包含了以下词汇,如the author believes that; the author implies that; according to the author等。
2. 归纳推理题。这种题型也是考查对细节的推理,只不过是这些细节散布在文章的各个段落,需要考生进行全面的归纳,题干中经常包含了以下词汇,如We can learn from the passage that. . . ; We can imply from the text that. . . 等。3. 综合判断题。这种题型是细节题和推理题的综合,常见设问方式为: Which of the following is (not)TRUE?; 即正向判断和反向判断两种方式。选项所涉及的内容可能分布在文章的各个段落,需要考生迅速定位并进行推理判断,从而找到符合原文信息的选项。
4. 写作意图题。要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。主要设题方式有: What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?; The writer wants to tell us that. . . 等。5. 观点态度题。主要考查考生对作者的意图、观点或态度的理解和把握。主要设题方式有: The attitude of the author towards something is. . . ; The writer of the passage seems to think that. . . 等。
【命题陷阱】1. 照本宣科。只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当成间接推理。2. 因果倒置。看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果,把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的。
3. 独行其是。根据常识判断是正确的,然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点,因此,同学们要注意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理,因为命题者考查的是同学们揣摩作者意图的能力。4. 信口开河。虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据,但推理过头、概括过度,而且有部分选项的内容纯属编造。
【满分导航】
【学霸秘籍】1. 抓住特定关键信息,进行正向或逆向推理。即抓住某一段话中的关键信息,如某些关键词或短语等,利用正向推理或逆向思维,推理、判断出某句话所隐含的深层含义。2. 利用作者的思想感情进行推断。作者在写作时,一定会渗透自己的喜怒哀乐。通过一些表达感情或思想倾向的措辞,领会作者的思想感情。
3. 根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论。任何一篇文章,段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系,也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。4. 结合常识进行推断。有些文章,如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目,除了把握相关文段的细节外,还应注意充分运用自己的常识,结合题目去分析推理。
(2020·呼和浩特中考) 　　On a windy day in June, Fourth Class took the train to Chinatown. We had begun to learn Putonghua and our teacher said this excursion would let us practice our language skills and learn more about Chinese culture. We entered Chinatown through the arched(拱形的) entrance gate with red painted wooden pillars(柱子). Big stone lions sat on each side. Then I noticed that the street signs were written in both Chinese and English. I photographed the sign for Hay Street.
研磨真题·技巧演练场
The next place we visited was the Chinese Garden of Friendship which was very peaceful. There were waterfalls, hidden stone paths and a beautiful teahouse. We had a wonderful time there. At last it was time for our Chinese lunch. We entered a big restaurant that had red lanterns hanging from the roof and red dragons on the walls. The waiters greeted us in Putonghua and we answered them in Putonghua. We were shown how to use chopsticks and how to choose from the menus with Chinese writing.
At 2: 30 we left Chinatown. We were all very tired. On the train, our teacher told us her experience in China. She was just back from seeing the Great Wall of China. It’s like a long dragon winding its way. We were told it is the longest wall in the world. As we were listening, one student, who I couldn’t name, fell asleep on the train and snored loudly. His face turned red when he woke up.
In the past, I often told my Chinese classmates how to speak English. Now there are more people than ever who are studying Chinese. I can understand why it’s a fascinating language, and there are always new words to be discovered! I cannot forget our excursion to Chinatown. Tom Green, Fourth Class.
(　　)1. What was the first thing connected with Chinese culture that the students saw in Chinatown?A. The beautiful teahouse. B. Chopsticks used in the restaurant. C. The street signs written in both Chinese and English. D. The arched entrance gate with stone lions on each side.
(　　)2. The color red is mentioned four times in the text. Which example is different from the others?A. The red painted pillars of the entrance gate. 　B. The red dragons in the restaurant. C. The red lanterns in the restaurant. D. The student’s red face.
【话题分析·明大意】 这是来自四班的汤姆·格林的一篇日记。记述了他们在六月乘火车去唐人街的经历。在那里,他们练习了普通话的语言技能,了解了更多的中国文化。
【题源对应·定选项】题目1: 细节推理题第一步: 定位: 由题干中的关键词the first thing connected with Chinese culture定位答案在第二段。第二步: 详读: 本段主要讲述走进唐人街首先看到的景象。第三步: 推理第一、二句讲中国文化,即“拱形大门、有红色的油漆木柱、大石狮”。由此推断答案为D。
题目2: 归纳推理题第一步: 定位: 文章的四处“red”分别在第二、四和五段。第二步: 详读: 这四处“红”是“大门的红柱子、餐馆的红龙、餐馆的红灯笼和红色的脸庞”。第三步: 推理红柱子、红龙、红灯笼,这三个选项都是具有中国文化的象征意义,而D选项的红色的脸庞是生理体征,因此判断答案为D。