2.03 议论类语篇的特征及攻略(含PPT)-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)

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英语议论文
议论文是用来论述某个道理、阐明某种观点的一种文体。它通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来表达作者的见解和主张。议论文必须含有论点、论据、论证三要素。
I like reading Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. As we know, books are the source of knowledge. I benefit a great deal from reading. There are a variety of books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so on. But what interests me most is literary book, especially those by famous writers. For one thing, they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For another, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun. Isn’t it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading?
语篇要点分析：1. 论点鲜明，论据充实。论据和论证要围绕论点展开，适当发挥，使内容充实。根据题目要求，有时需要从正反两面来论述，增强论证的力度。议论文往往要求考生根据中心问题适当发挥，阐述自己的观点。2. 语言必须简练、准确，可适当使用名言警句；以议论为主，辅之以叙述、说明和描写等手法。3. 注意篇章布局的合理性、逻辑性，要适当运用连接词。写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。
议论文的分类 议论文通常可分为：立论—支持—结论型议论文和立论—比较—结论型议论文。 立论—支持—结论即我们通常所说的推理法。此类型的议论文一般有引子、正文和结论三部分。引子部分开门见山，提出论点。要求简洁明了、观点鲜明，切忌篇幅过长、拖泥带水。正文部分摆出有利的事实，对论点进行严密的论证，做到言之有物、言之有理。最后根据前面的论证得出结论，回归到开始的论点。
In our modern life, punctuality is one of the most important qualities that any one should possess. Punctuality demonstrates that you are reliable and can be trusted with responsibilities. Besides, it can make one a good person. And if you are not punctual, you may bring inconvenience to others. We should practice punctuality for the sake of others, as well as ourselves. Washington was remarkable for this virtue. When he was a little boy, his mother taught him to do everything at the appointed time. In his later life, this habit helped to make him a great man. Without it, he could never have made such success. In a word, if we form the habit of punctuality at school, it will be of great advantage to us in our future life.
用于句首提出论题或现象的常用句式
We had a heated discussion about… Recently, …has become the focus of the society. …has been playing an increasingly important role in our society. Nowadays there is a growing concern for… Nowadays it is common to hear/ see… …has become a common occurrence in our daily life.Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of…It is only during the last/past few years that man has become generally aware that…In recent years, there is a general tendency…Nowadays,…has become a problem we have to face.
用于正文表示列举的关联词或短语
First / Second (Next) / Third (Then) / Last (Finally) The first / The second / The third / The last (The final) Firstly / Secondly / Thirdly / Lastly (Finally) One / Another / Still another / The last The most essential /most important / primary is… On the one hand / On the other hand For one thing / For another Furthermore; Moreover; What’s more; In addition
用于表示例证的常用句型
According to recent survey / study / report / research…Researchers have found / proved / indicated / shown / declared that… A proverb says…As the old Chinese saying goes…It goes without saying …No one can deny that…There is no doubt that…
用于表示结论的常用句式及关联词或短语
Experience / All the facts suggest / show / demonstrate / indicate that…From what has been discussed above, we may conclude that…Therefore, it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that…From all the reasons / considerations above, it is clear / obvious that…Taking all these into account, we may reach the conclusion that…
Currently, self-confidence has been the focus. This does demonstrate the theory——nothing is more valuable than self-confidence. It is clear that self-confidence means trust in one’s ability. If you are self-confident, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties, as a result, your dream will come true. On the contrary, if you have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you will achieve anything. Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny the fact that self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed. You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, for we all know the secret of success lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular. With reference to my standpoint, I think he who has self-confidence will have what he wants.
立论—比较—结论型议论文的结构是：先提出某问题有两种不同观点，先讨论第一种观点，然后讨论向相反的观点最后给出自己的想法。比如讨论打电话还是写信？有压力是好事还是坏事？失败是好事还是坏事？等等这种题型我们称之为对比观点题型。
Will Phones Replace Letters? With the development of economy, the phone has become a remarkable feature of modern life. It has gained such popularity among young people that some people begin to wonder if phones will replace letters. However, the attitudes towards this issue vary from person to person. Some people firmly believe that the phone provides us with so much convenience and pleasure that it will sooner or later take over the letter. Besides, it is even cheaper to call than to write. But other people point out that calligraphy is part of Chinese traditional culture. Writing letters serves a good way of preserving our tradition. What’s more, a letter seems to be a better way to express deep and heart-felt love. There is some truth in both arguments. But I think phones will replace letters because time is everything in this fast-paced society. It takes a long time to write a letter while the phone is just ready at hand.
用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型Opinions are divided among students.Some people like / prefer…,while others are / feel inclined to…There are different opinions among people as to… some believe…while others hold…Some people claim that …is superior to….Others, however, disagree with it.Some people suggest….Others, however, hold the opposite opinion.Some people argue that…Others, in contrast, believe that…Although more and more people come to believe that…,there are still others who insist that…On the contrary, there are people in favour of…There are some people who hold different opinions about…
用于陈述个人观点或想法的常用句型My own experience tells me that…In my opinion, we should attach more importance to…As for my own idea about…,I believe…As far as I am concerned, I plan to…Personally, I prefer…/ side with the latter opinion.In my view, both sides are partly right in that…My own point of view is that…In conclusion, I support the statement that…As regards of me, I tend to choose…From what has been mentioned above, we may see that there is some truth in both arguments. Personally, I side with the latter opinion.
Stress is a common occurrence in our lives. The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people are in favor of the idea of leading a busy and stressful life. They point out the fact that a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless, idle life. They also argue that people under stress tend to express their full range of potential. However, other people stand on a different ground. They firmly point out that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally. There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of stress overweigh the disadvantages. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it.
Recently we have had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. There are two opposite opinions about it. 60% of the students support the point that fees should be charged for parks, because they need money to pay gardeners and other workers. Moreover, buying plants and young trees also need a lot of money. On the other hand, 40% disagree. In their opinion, people need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. Besides, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of the city. Personally, I think an entrance fee should be charged for parks. However, fees should be charged low.
对比观点题型还可以首先给出一个观点，说明持该观点者的理由；然后说明自己反对该观点，并列举几点理由。
Some students believe that cheating in the examination is reasonable. For example, they think they have too many examinations, which are too difficult for them. And if they cheat in the examination, they will get better result to please their parents and teachers. In my opinion, this reason can never be the point. For one thing, it breaks the rules of schools to cheat in the examination. For another thing, we students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in the examination. What’s more, we should improve our learning methods and get well prepared for the examinations. From all that I have said, I agree to the thought that students should be forbidden to cheat in the examination.
解决问题题型 学会如何解决问题是每个学生应该掌握的本领。像“如何充分利用时间”、“怎样保护环境”等。基本结构是：1. 问题现状和严重性；2. 怎样解决（不同解决方案的优缺点）；3. 我对解决该问题很有信心。
In recent years, we have to face a problem that many students have poor eyesight. The situation is becoming more and more serious. As we know, it is important for everyone to keep good eyesight. We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the problem. For one thing, don’t keep your eyes working for a long time. You’d better have a rest after you have studied an hour or so. For another, take good care of your eyes. Don’t read in the sun or in a poor light. Don’t read in bed or on a moving bus. Finally, do eye exercises every day. It will also help you keep good eyesight. Personally, I believe only if you obey the rules above can you prevent your eyesight from becoming short-sighted.
说明利弊题型 针对这种题型，我们先说明一下现状，再对比两种情况的利弊，有时也可单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后要表明自己的态度（或对事物的前景提出预测）。文章的基本结构是：1. 说明现状；2. 优缺点比较（或一方面）；3. 你对现状或前景的看法。
Nowadays many youngsters prefer to go online in their spare time. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows: first, through the Internet, they can gain new knowledge and the latest news at home and abroad. Besides, network offers them a convenient way to communicate with each other. The Internet makes their life outside class colourful. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that some students prefer to play computer games instead of studying their lessons. To make matters worse, there are some students who are often absent from school for days. Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to go online in my spare time.
社会问题（或现象）式议论文 本题型就是先列出一个具体的社会问题或者现象；然后分析产生的原因和产生的影响；然后提出解决办法；最后预测前景。
Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon—with the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones to their friends and relatives when an important holiday comes. There are a couple of reasons behind this phenomenon. For one thing, compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more lively and interesting. They can give not only pictures but also sound and animation. For another, there are many websites online which offer varieties of cards for you to choose from. What is more, with the popularity of the e-cards, less paper is used in making paper cards, which does good to our environment. In short, there are many advantages of using e-cards. I hope that sending greetings by using e-cards will be accepted by more and more people, not only the young ones.
名言名句题型
近几年命题人员常给出一句或几句英语提示，要求学生结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。针对这种题型，需细读名言名句，深刻体会它所包含的哲理，并精选事例加以说明。
例： 请你以谚语“Haste Makes Waste”（欲速则不达）为题，按下列要求用英语写一篇短文。1. 谈谈你的看法和理解；2. 举例说明理由。
As we all know, there is an old saying, “Haste Makes Waste”. It means if people are eager to finish the task in a hurry, the result may be less satisfactory and even go to the opposite. I think it is quite true. Firstly, quick speed is at the expense of high quality. While doing things hurriedly, we are likely to be careless and ignore something important. What’s more, more accidents may take place when we are hurry. Remembering English words is a good case in point. If we set a goal of reciting fifty words, we will try to recite them in a short time. However, the result may be quite disappointing, for we forget them easily. However, if we slow down, for example, divide the words into five parts, recite one part at a time and review them frequently, they can be kept longer in our mind. So in the end, the latter does a better job in remembering the fifty words. So haste makes waste. If we keep it in mind, we can make more progress.