【高考真题解密】高考英语真题题源——专题03《阅读理解（夹叙夹议）》母题解密（全国通用）

专题03阅读理解( 夹叙夹议)

【母题来源一】2020年，江苏卷

【母题题文】

I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.

We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.

Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.

After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe  at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.

In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.

Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant  are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.

I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA.I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.

In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion, and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.

We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.

1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?

A.Out of place. B.Full of joy. C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.

2.What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?

A.He learned more about the local language.

B.They had a nice conversation with each other.

C.They understood each other while playing.

D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.

3.Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?

A.The question was too straightforward.

B.Juan knew so little about the world.

C.The author didn’t know how to answer.

D.The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.

4.What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?

A.To sort out what we have known.

B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.

C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.

D.To learn more about local cultures.

5.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?

A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently.

B.They followed other scientists closely.

C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.

D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.

6.What could be the most suitable title for the passage?

A.The Possible and the Impossible .

B.The Known and the Unknown .

C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized .

D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent.

【母题来源二】2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试卷II

【母题题文】

I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.

My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.

As I grew older and became a mother, the librarytook on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.

I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bondwith my children and it filled them withthe wonderment of books .

Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.

As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I 8.encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford topurchase]a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.

7.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?

A. Cooperative 

B. Uneasy

C. Inseparable 

D. Casual

8.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A.Pleasure from working in the library.

B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.

C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.

D.A closer bond developed with the readers.

9.What does the author call on other writers to do?

A.Sponsor book fairs. B.Write for social media.

C.Support libraries. D.20.Purchase her novels.

10.Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Reading: A Source of Knowledge

B.My Idea about writing

C.Library: A Haven for the Young

D.My Love of the Library

1. （2019·南昌县莲塘第一中学高三月考）The story began with a young mother who had three sons. Unfortunately, the youngest son developed slow thinking skills, not having the intelligence of his brothers.

With double duty as the mother of the household, she was exhausted, so that the youngest was often the garget of anger and annoyance. Bad words, such as “you little fool” and the like, served as a daily meal for the youngest.

The words and curses he got from the mother and ridicule from friends convinced him that he was distressing and embarrassing his family. Every morning he woke up with his own face staring from the mirror reflection, he started to say quietly and sadly, “The fool is going to school.”

As adult citizens, there was compulsory military service which should be lived. Thus, the youngest son also signed up and started to follow the various tests: a medical, physical ability test and other tests. On the day of the announcement, he was called into the board of examiners.

In his mind, he convinced himself that he was the fool and couldn’t pass the tests this time as he entered the room with his head down. It was not expected at all. The tests turned out to have the highest praise from the board of examiners.

“Congratulations, young man! Your test results are incredible! You are really a great and talented young man. ”Words from the board of examiners became the discovery of a new side of himself that was not known in advance. Voice kept echoing in his mind, such as “I, the great man, am in the shower”, “the great man washes his face”, “The talented young man again brushes his teeth” and so on. Confidence and improved self-image came beyond usual.

20 years later, the youngest established himself as a successful businessman who was admired and respected, and received many awards.

The mindset and belief are the power behind the success that is within us. Whatever we think and believe in or mind continuously, it will eventually materialize in reality. That’s the universally applicable law.

17．Why was the youngest often scolded by his mother?

A．He was not as clever as his brother.

B．He considered himself to be a fool.

C．He didn’t behave himself at school.

D．He didn’t cook meals for his mother.

18．From the story we know that the young mother is ____.

A．selfish and lazy B．gentle and caring

C． ill-tempered and impatient D．kind-hearted and diligent

19．What happened to the youngest son later on?

A．He received aid from others.

B．He became an admirable psychologist.

C．He became confident and successful.

D．He developed strange mental diseases.

20．From this passage, the author mainly tells us that____.

A．Military service can change a person completely.

B．Mothers should treat every child equally.

C．Even a fool can become a successful businessman.

D．Think big and you will get big results.

2. （2020·四川成都市·北大附中成都为明学校高三月考）

 It was on April 14th, 2010 that my entire life changed in an instant. One moment I was joyfully riding through the sunshine. The next moment, metal, flesh and bones were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash. Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me super manning toward oncoming traffic.

As if to symbolize the accident that had hit my life, another disaster also occurred on April 14th, 2010. It cost the airline industry $ 1.7 billion. Ten million travelers were stuck for days. Economics all over the world were disturbed. This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, one of Iceland’s many volcanoes.

However, volcanoes are not all bad. In fact, they are necessary. They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil. This eruption gave off  0.15 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily. But cancelling 48% of the world’s flight travel saved about 2.8 million tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere, temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint.

Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations.

In 1973, another Icelandic volcano, Eldfell, broke out. Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path. After their plan worked, they used the geothermal (地热 的) energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes. A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future.

I ran from April 14th, 2010 to every kind of escape. Eventually I ended up in university for a newfound love in Earth sciences.

25．What happened to the writer on April 14th, 2010?

A．He was involved in a car crash.

B．He witnessed a volcanic eruption.

C．He was badly injured on a bike ride.

D．He was stuck in an Iceland’s airport.

26．Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull?

A．The world economy suffered badly.

B．Carbon dioxide increased temporarily.

C．All of the world’s planes were held up.

D．The earth in Iceland was terribly polluted.

27．Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano?

A．It encouraged him to recover quickly.

B．It broke out  in Iceland on April 14th as well.

C．It proved more volcanoes happened in Iceland.

D．It showed us how to make the best of a given situation.

28．What is the best title for the text?

A．Escape from Volcanoes B．Love for Earth Sciences

C．Attitude Toward Nature D．Inspiration from Disasters

3. （2019·南昌县莲塘第一中学高三月考）  

  It’s often said of British people that they are very aware of each other’s social rank. Britons can usually work out a fellow countryman’s background from the way they speak or dress, and may even treat them differently based on this. But although this may have been truer in the past than it is today. Visitors to Britain say that they still notice it. The comic play Pygmalion by the Irish man George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), is a famous exploration of the importance of social rank in British society.

The main story of the play concerns a working class girl, Eliza Doolittle, a flower seller from London. Two upper class gentlemen try to see if they can get Doolittle to appear like an upper class lady after sending her for elocution lessons. Professor Henry Higgins, a language expert, says it can be done; his friend Colonel Pickering says that it’s impossible. Even so, Higgins sets out to teach Eliza how to “speak properly”.

Of course Eliza isn’t a lump of clay; she has her own will. She can see that it’s in her best interest to go along with Higgin’s plan to “improve herself”. She wants to be able to sell flowers in a shop rather than on the street. Still, Eliza’s willfulness means that it’s a bumpy（坎坷的）ride for everyone.

At the beginning of fourth act, the characters are at home after a ball（舞会）, at which Eliza proved that a flower girl can pass herself off as a lady after all. She was a triumph at the ball, and Higgins has won his bet.

But what happens next? Eliza has her future to worry about. She may be able to fool the upper class into thinking she’s one of them, but she isn’t really one of them.

Shaw seems to be telling us that social rank is about more than the someone talks---it’s about wealth and privilege. The whole experiment proves the idea that accents and classes are very superficial. The way one speaks and dresses are only markers of class. The class system itself, however, is something completely different.

21．According to the text, in Britain, the way a person speaks and dresses _____.

A．determines their social rank

B．used to have a strict code

C．is no longer cared about by other people

D．could affect other opinions of them

22．The words “elocution lessons” underlined in paragraph 2 probably mean ______.

A．dance lessons B．speech lessons

C．sales training D. dress courses

23．What happens to Eliza Doolittle during the experiment by Professor Henry Higgins?

A．She is forced to give up selling flowers on the street.

B．She is unwilling to participate in he experiment at first.

C．She is thought of as a respectableupper-class lady at the ball.

D．She is afraid that true background will be known by other people.

24．What message did Shaw intend to convey in Pygmalion according to the text?

A．People should try to improve their accents.

B．One can enter the upper class after receiving training.

C．The way someone speaks makes a big difference to their social status.

D．A person’s social rank can’t truly be judged by the way they look and talk.