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河南省宏力学校2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份河南省宏力学校2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共23页。
河南宏力学校2021-2022学年度第一学期期末考试题
高二英语
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Our Most Popular Ways to Ride
☆ Single Trip
The Single Trip is perfect for quick,one-way trips from point A to point B. It costs $2 for one classic bike trip under 30 minutes.
How to Buy a Single Trip
Single trips can be bought in the Lyft app, Capital Bikeshare mobile app or at any kiosk(电话亭). Ready to buy one now?
☆ Day Passes
Short-term passes are perfect for tourists and visitors. Explore DC Area on two wheels!
Capital Bikeshare is a fun way to see the sights and get to local attractions. Take a bike out for a ride around the National Mall or explore the trails and scenery along the Potomac River.
Day Pass Choices
24-Hour Pass:$8
3-Day Pass :$17
Passes include unlimited(不受限制的) classic bike trips under 30 minutes.
How to Buy a Pass
24-Hour and 3-Day passes can be bought in the Capital Bikeshare mobile app or from a kiosk. Check out the step-by-step instructions to buy a pass and unlock a bike. Ready to buy one now?
☆Annual Membership
The Annual Membership is the best deal for DC people and other frequent(频繁的) riders.
Capital Bikeshare is a fun and affordable way to get around DC. It's designed for quick and easy trips. Use it to go to work or school, get to meetings or just enjoy our beautiful area.
When you become a Capital Bikeshare member, you get a bike key that unlocks thousands of bikes in Washington, DC. You can take as many rides as you want throughout the year, and all classic bike trips under 30 minutes are included in your membership. Unlock an e-bike for an extra $1/ride. See extra pricing for e-bike parking and longer rides.
1. How much does it cost to ride a bike under 30 minutes with a pass?
A. $17. B. $8. C. $2. D. Free.
2. Which of the following is the best choice for a DC worker?
A. The Single Trip. B. The 24-Hour Pass.
C. The 3-Day Pass. D. The Annual Membership.
3. What should you do if you want to ride an e-bike?
A. Buy another key. B. Pay extra money.
C. Get a driving license. D. Ride it within 30 minutes.
B
I am a freshman at Orange High School. In 2013, I founded an organization called Love For The Elderly. So many elderly people have no one to care for them, and no one to love them. When I say this, I am talking about pure love, unconditional love that shows kindness no matter what the situations may be.
The elderly have smoothed the pathway of success for our generation. They should be shown appreciation(感激) and kindness, but are often forgotten. I am sure all of you have someone in your hearts who has been at a nursing home. Think of them while I say this; they should get the best, nothing but the best. The elderly are such an unusual group of people, and their shining wisdom can most certainly be learned from. This idea of showing appreciation to the elderly reverberated(回响) inside my head, until finally, I decided it was time to step up and make a difference.
My love for and ability in writing led me to create an organization, where people from all across the world send nameless letters filled with kindness and joy, from Iceland, Romania, Finland, Australia, and more. I then send these letters to senior centers, and nursing homes located all across the country. To this date, I have collected over 1,000 letters, and the reaction I have received from these organizations has been truly unbelievable.
This past month, I had the opportunity to receive $100 from KindSpring through their monthly kindness competition to help my organization. This money has been of great help. We do not receive much money, and so it helped to pay for many costs, including postage and envelopes. This act of kindness has been very helpful to my organization, and I could not be more appreciative. If any of you would like to get involved in my organization, please visit lovefortheelderly.org.
4. Why did the author set up his organization?
A. To help the elderly with their daily life. B. To organize activities for the elderly.
C. To offer true love to the elderly. D. To raise money for the elderly.
5. Which of the following agrees with the author's opinion about the elderly?
A. They are being treated well. B. They should end up in senior centers.
C. They are wiser than the young. D. They don't get enough attention.
6. What helped the author create his organization?
A. The letters received worldwide. B. His writing ability.
C. His family's encouragement. D. The support from senior centers.
7. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. The author doesn't have much money.
B. The elderly were very thankful to the author.
C. The author turned to KindSpring for help.
D. The organization can't be larger.
C
Fu Cong, a Chinese-born pianist, died on Monday at a hospital in London, where he had lived for many years.
A lover of classical music from a young age, Mr. Fu began taking piano lessons when he was 7. He made his first stage appearance in 1952. The concert caught the attention of officials in Beijing, who selected him to compete and tour in Eastern Europe. Mr. Fu soon moved to Poland, where he studied at the Warsaw Conservatory(音乐学校) on a scholarship. To prepare for the fifth Chopin Competition in Warsaw in 1955, he practiced so hard that he hurt his fingers and was nearly cut from the first round of the competition.
Mr. Fu was one of the first Chinese pianists to achieve global fame when he took third place in the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1955. He also won a special prize for his performance of Chopin's mazurkas. Almost overnight, he became a national hero. To China, Mr. Fu's recognition in a well-known international competition was evidence that the country could stand on its own artistically in the West. Chinese reporters came to interview Mr. Fu, while many others went to his father, Fu Lei, for advice on child-raising.
In 1981, a volume of letters written by his father, was published in China. Full of advice, encouragement, life teachings and strict paternal love, the book Fu Lei's Family Letters became a best-seller in China. Besides influencing a generation of Chinese, Mr. Fu's words resonated(引起共鸣) long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.
“My father had a saying that ‘First you must be a person, then an artist, and then a musician, and only then can you be a pianist,’” Mr. Fu Cong once recalled in an interview. “Even now, I believe in this order-that it should be this way and that I am this way.”
8. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Fu Cong's achievements in music. B. Fu Cong's stage performances.
C. Fu Cong's experiences of learning music. D. Fu Cong's efforts for competitions.
9. Why does Fu Cong's global recognition mean a lot to China?
A. It earns Chinese arts a place in the West.
B. It promotes the spread of Chinese culture.
C. It proves Chinese people's love for music.
D. It enables Chinese art education to be recognized.
10. What docs the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Fu Lei's Family Letters. B. Young people of China.
C. Fu Cong and his family. D. Readers of Fu Lei's Family Letters.
11. Which of the following agrees with Fu Lei's ideas in the last paragraph?
A. It's easy to be an artist.
B. It requires various qualities to be a pianist.
C. Everyone should develop an interest in art.
D. Talent is of greatest importance for a pianist.
C
Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels(管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician(儿科医生), believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well. Scientists from 11 universities studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants(婴儿), exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.
For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week.
12. According to the reading, what is the connection between exercise and brain development?
A. Exercise makes us stupid.
B. The brain needs special mental exercise.
C. Physical exercise helps us think better.
D. The more exercise, the bigger the brain.
13. The mini amount of excises required to gain any benefit is ________.
A. 40-hours per week
B. three hours per week
C. three hours per day
D. 40hours per month.
14. Why does the author think that yoga is fit for seniors?
A. It includes learning new motions.
B. It can be done in groups.
C. It does not increase the heart rate.
D. It is easy to learn.
15. What is the best title of this passage?
A. How to exercise
B. How the brain can change
C. How to get good scores on a test
D. How exercise helps the brain
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A good book can be satisfying. If reading is a habit you'd like to get into, there are some ways to develop it.
●Realize that reading is enjoyable if you have a good book. If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem like a task.____16____
●Set time. You should have some time during every day when you'll read for at least 5 to 10 minutes.____17____For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone.
●Always carry a book.______18______When I leave the house, I always make sure to have my car keys and one book at hand. The book stays with me in the car, and I take it into the office and to appointments and pretty much everywhere I go.
●______19______Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair. Don't lie down unless you're going to sleep. There shouldn't be a television or a computer near the chair, and no music or no noisy family members/ roommates. If you don't have a place like this, create one.
●Reduce television/ the Internet. If you really want to read more, try cutting back on time on TV or the Internet._____20_____Still, every minute you reduce of the Internet/ TV, you could use for reading. This could create hours of book reading time.
A. Go to bookstores.
B. Find a quiet place.
C. This may be difficult for some people.
D. Wherever you go, take a book with you.
E. Have some good tea or coffee while you read.
F. It means you will read no matter how busy you are.
G. If this happens, give up the book and find another one that you'll really love.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Sometimes, life as a big sister just doesn't seem fair. I was five years old, and my sister Lisa was ____21____. Every time we do something that we are not ____22____ to do, I get into more trouble. I can't ____23____ it anymore! So, I pack my things and decide to leave forever. My mother asks ____24____ I am running away and I tell her yes. She's not nearly as ____25____ by this as I feel she should be. She looks at me and says, “Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?” I can't ____26____ she can figure this out. Without ____27____ her, I go out. I'm so ____28____ that I don't realize that my mother is about 20 metres behind me, following and ____29____concerned citizens away.
______30______, I get to Grandma's apartment. Before I even knock, the door opens. My Grandma welcomes me but says I'm certainly not ______31______ there forever. And I realize my mother has called ______32______ and I have been betrayed. When my Grandma goes to get me some juice, my mother ______33______ and kindly asks why I have run away. After listening to my ______34______, my mother says to me,“Sweetheart, if it's ______35______ for you to live with Lisa, tomorrow morning I will call the orphanage(孤儿院) and we will send her away.” I ______36______ what an orphanage is. I start to cry, and I ______37______ her, “Don't send my sister away to an orphanage!” My mother reluctantly(勉强地) ______38______ that we will go home and give it another try.
And in those years to come, Lisa and I will share laughter and tears. Sometimes, we will ______39______. And to this day, when I turn to my mother, she always answers in the same way, “You had your ______40______, sweetheart.”
21. A. stronger B. younger C. cleverer D. calmer
22. A. qualified B. prepared C. trained D. supposed
23. A. hide B. stand C. afford D. use
24. A. when B. how C. if D. why
25. A. excited B. bored C. moved D. upset
26. A. expect B. promise C. believe D. pretend
27. A. answering B. greeting C. informing D. noticing
28. A. proud B. focused C. busy D. popular
29. A. putting B. taking C. scaring D. waving
30. A. Clearly B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Naturally
31. A. living B. learning C. working D. sitting
32. A. back B. again C. instead D. ahead
33. A. finishes B. arrives C. stops D. changes
34. A. complaints B. speech C. songs D. report
35. A. convenient B. hard C. safe D. dangerous
36. A. ask B. forget C. know D. explain
37. A. blame B. comfort C. remind D. beg
38. A. admits B. agrees C. recognizes D. claims
39. A. fight B. fear C. apologize D. chat
40. A. chance B. point C. dream D. plan
第二节(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
阅读以下材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Great North Run is one of the UK'S most popular sporting ____41____ (event). It is the biggest and best known half-marathon in the world. Around fifty-thousand competitors sign up to compete in the Great North Run every September. Around one hundred thousand friends and family members line the roads ____42____ (watch) the race and cheer the runners on from the sidelines.
First ____43____ (hold) in 1981, the Great North Run was to help raise money for charities and other worthy causes. A lot of people enjoy ____44____ (compete) in the half-marathon, and men and women of all ages take part ____45____ the race to help raise money for their favourite charity.
Running road races can be ____46____ (exhaust). So not all runners manage to go the full ____47____ (distant) and complete it and there are always some ____48____ fall by the wayside. Ambulances are kept on standby in case any runners need medical attention and ____49____ (bottle) water is provided at various stops along the way. _____50_____ (usual), around two hundred and fifty thousand bottles of water are handed out during the race alone.
第四部分 写作(共两节；满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^) ，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
Last weekend, my sister and I climbed a mountain. We took a bus and arrived at there at 8 am. In the beginning, we were excited, enjoyed the beautiful scenery, talking and joking. But after a while, we felt tiring, so we sat on the stairs but had a rest. The soft wind sweep my face, and I felt all my tiredness disappeared. Climbing to top of the mountain made myself feel a sense of achievement.
Studying is not anything in life. All good thing don't come right away. As long as we love life and nature, we will discover that life is far well than we thought.
第二节: 书面表达(共25分)
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter发来邮件询问你的职业规划。请给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你的理想职业；
2. 选择这个职业的原因；
3. 如何实现这个理想。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
##############################################
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍三个最流行骑自行车的方式及其特点和费用。
1. 细节理解题。根据Day Passes部分“Passes include unlimited(不受限制的) classic bike trips under 30 minutes.（Passes包括30分钟内不受限制的经典自行车旅行。）”可知，30分钟内的骑行是不受限制的，免费的。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Annual Membership部分“The Annual Membership is the best deal for DC people and other frequent(频繁的) riders.（年度会员资格是华盛顿特区人和其他频繁骑手的最佳选择。）”可知，华盛顿特区工人的最佳选择是The Annual Membership，故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Unlock an e-bike for an extra $1/ride. See extra pricing for e-bike parking and longer rides.（解锁电动自行车，每骑一次，需额外付1美元。查看电动自行车停放和长途骑行的额外定价。）”可知，如果你想骑电子自行车，需要支付额外的费用，故选B项。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己创建帮助得到较少关注的老年人的组织，呼吁人们加入这个组织。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“So many elderly people have no one to care for them, and no one to love them. When I say this, I am talking about pure love, unconditional love that shows kindness no matter what the situations may be.（这么多的老年人没有人照顾他们，也没有人爱他们。当我这么说的时候，我说的是纯粹的爱，无论在什么情况下都能表现出善良的无条件的爱。）”可知，作者建立这个组织是为了给老年人提供真正的爱。故选C。
5. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“The elderly have smoothed the pathway of success for our generation. They should be shown appreciation(感激) and kindness, but are often forgotten.（老年人已经为我们这一代铺平了成功的道路。应该向他们表现出感激和善良，但却经常被遗忘。）”可推断，作者认为老年人没有得到足够的关注。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“My love for and ability in writing led me to create an organization, where people from all across the world send nameless letters filled with kindness and joy, from Iceland, Romania, Finland, Australia, and more.（我对写作的热爱和能力促使我创建了一个组织，在那里，来自世界各地的人们从冰岛、罗马尼亚、芬兰、澳大利亚等地发送充满善良和快乐的匿名信件。）”可知，作者的写作能力有助于创建了他的组织。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“This past month, I had the opportunity to receive $100 from KindSpring through their monthly kindness competition to help my organization. This money has been of great help. We do not receive much money, and so it helped to pay for many costs, including postage and envelopes.（在过去的一个月里，我有机会通过他们每月的慈善竞赛从KindSpring获得100美元，以帮助我的组织。这笔钱一直很有帮助。我们没有收到很多钱，所以它帮助支付了许多费用，包括邮费和信封。）”可推断，作者没有太多的钱。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国著名音乐家傅聪学习音乐、获得成就的经历，也介绍了他受到的父亲的影响。
8. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段关键句“A lover of classical music from a young age, Mr. Fu began taking piano lessons when he was 7. He made his first stage appearance in 1952.（傅先生从小就喜欢古典音乐，7岁时开始上钢琴课。他首次登台演出是在1952年）”及“Mr. Fu soon moved to Poland, where he studied at the Warsaw Conservatory on a scholarship.（傅先生很快搬到了波兰，在那里他获得了奖学金，在华沙音乐学院学习）”及全段内容可知，本段讲述了傅聪学习音乐的经历。故选C项。
9. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“To China, Mr. Fu's recognition in a well-known international competition was evidence that the country could stand on its own artistically in the West.（对中国来说，傅先生在一场著名的国际比赛中获得认可，证明了中国能够在西方艺术领域站稳脚跟）”可知，傅聪被全球认可对中国意义重大是因为它为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。故选A项。
10. 词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“Full of advice, encouragement, life teachings and strict paternal love, the book Fu Lei's Family Letters became a best-seller in China. Besides influencing a generation of Chinese, Mr. Fu's words resonated long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.（充满建议、鼓励、生活教诲和严厉的父爱，《傅雷家书》成为中国的畅销书。傅先生的话除了影响了一代中国人之外，在他死后很长一段时间里，他的话也在它们旨在的读者那里引起了共鸣）”可知，此处的they指代前文提到的《傅雷家书》里的信件。故选A项。
11. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“My father had a saying that ‘First you must be a person, then an artist, and then a musician, and only then can you be a pianist,’” Mr. Fu Cong once recalled in an interview.（“我父亲说过，‘你首先要成为一个人，然后是艺术家，然后是音乐家，只有这样你才能成为钢琴家，’”傅聪在一次采访中回忆说）”可知，傅聪认为，成为一个钢琴家需要各方面的品质。故选B项。
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。本文通过讲述一位脑发育研究科学家们的新的研究发现告诉人们：运动有助于大脑的发展和更好的思考，可以让人的大脑更好的思维，有助于大脑记忆的开发，会让人更健康，对于无论是婴儿还是老人都如此。
12. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels(管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better.”（根据她的研究，运动似乎可以使血管，包括大脑中的血管，更强壮、更充分地发育。卡梅伦博士称，这能让锻炼的人更好地集中注意力。）可知，运动让人们更好的集中注意力，下文婴儿期锻炼和老年期锻炼都说明了锻炼对大脑的好处，因此可知体育运动有助于我们很好的思考。故选C。
13. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week.”（你的大脑可以从每周短短三小时的锻炼中受益。）可知，只需要每周短短三小时的锻炼就可以让大脑获益。故选B。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.”（学习一些新的技能或动作，比如瑜伽或太极，有助于打开大脑中可能很久没有使用过的记忆路径。）可知，瑜伽适合老年人是因为它包括学习新的动作，这有助于打开大脑中可能很久没有使用过的记忆路径。故选A。
15. 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development.（医生们开始发现越来越多的信息表明运动和大脑发育之间存在联系。）”可知，医生认为锻炼和头脑发育之间有密切联系。下文通过研究结果和数据说明二者的密切联系，因此推断D. How exercise helps the brain.（运动如何帮助大脑？）概括了文章内容，适合作为标题。故选D。
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. D 19. B 20. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。阅读是很好的习惯，怎么养成阅读的习惯，文章给出了一些建议。
16. 根据上文If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem like a task.可知，如果你有一本难懂的书，而且你正强迫自己看完它，那看起来就像是一项任务。如果这样的话，不如放弃这本书，找另外一本你喜欢的。G选项符合语境，故选G。
17. 根据下文For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone.可知，如果你独自一人吃饭，在早餐、午餐甚至晚餐时都要养成阅读的习惯。这意味着，不管你多么忙，你都会阅读，F选项是上文自然的结果，故选F。
18. 根据上文Always carry a book.可知，无论去哪里，都带着一本书，D选项Wherever you go, take a book with you.是对上文进一步解释说明，故选D。
19. 根据下文Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair.可知，要找一个安静的地方，B选项Find a quiet place.概括本段内容，故选B。
20. 根据上文If you really want to read more, try cutting back on time on TV or the Internet.可知，如果想阅读太多，尽可能减少在电视和网上的时间，再根据下文Still, every minute you reduce of the Internet/ TV, you could use for reading. This could create hours of book reading time.可知，在互联网/电视上减少的时间你都可以用来阅读，这可以创造数小时的读书时间。所以C选项This may be difficult for some people.（这可能对某些人来说很难）连接上下文，故选C。
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. A
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者五岁时因为妈妈总让她为妹妹背黑锅，因此离家出走。母亲的一席话打消了作者的念头，从此即使与妹妹有小矛盾也能处理好。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时我五岁，我妹妹丽莎比我小。A. stronger更强壮的；B. younger更幼小的；更年轻的；C. cleverer更聪明的； D. calmer更镇静的。根据上句“Sometimes, life as a big sister just doesn't seem fair.（有时候，做姐姐似乎并不公平）”可知，妹妹比我小。故选B项。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我们做不该做的事，我就会陷入更多的麻烦。A. qualified有资格的；B. prepared有所准备的；C. trained训练过的；D. supposed应当地。根据后句“I get into more trouble.（我陷入了更多的麻烦）”可知，作者和妹妹做了不应该做的事情。故选D项。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我再也受不了了！A. hide隐藏；B. stand忍受；C. afford负担；D. use使用。根据后句“So, I pack my things and decide to leave forever.（所以，我收拾好我的东西，决定永远离开）”可知，作者再也受不了，决定离家出走。故选B项。
24. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈问我是不是要离开，我告诉她是的。A. when当……时候；B. how如何；C. if如果；D. why为什么。根据后文“I tell her yes.（我告诉她是的）”可知，上文是妈妈问作者是不是打算离开。故选C项。
25. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她完全没有像我认为她应该的那样为此难过。A. excited兴奋的；B. bored无聊的；C. moved感动的；D. upset难过的。根据后文“She looks at me and says, ‘Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?’（她看着我说，‘你要去西尔维亚奶奶家吗？’）”可知，妈妈并没有难过，而是询问作者的去向。故选D项。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能相信她能搞清楚这件事。A. expect期望；B. promise承诺；C. believe相信；D. pretend假装。根据上句“She looks at me and says, ‘Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?’（她看着我说，‘你要去西尔维亚奶奶家吗？’）”可知，妈妈猜出了作者去向，作者难以相信。故选C项。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有回答她，就出去了。A. answering回答；B. greeting问候；C. informing通知；D. noticing注意。根据上文“Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?（你要去西尔维亚奶奶家吗？）”可知，妈妈询问作者的去向，作者没有回答妈妈的问题，就走了。故选A项。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我太专注了，以至于我没有意识到我的母亲就在我身后大约20米的地方，她跟在我后面，挥手让关心我的市民离开。A. proud自豪的；B. focused注意力集中的；C. busy忙的；D. popular流行的。根据后文“I don't realize that my mother is about 20 metres away（我没有意识到我的母亲在离我大约20米的地方。）”可知，作者是太专注了而没有意识到母亲在后面。故选B项。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. putting放置；B. taking带走；C. scaring恐吓；D. waving挥手。根据后文“concerned citizens away.（让关心我的市民离开）”可知，妈妈悄悄跟着作者，挥手让关心的人离开。故选D项。
30. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我到了奶奶的公寓。A. Clearly清楚地；B. Suddenly突然地；C. Finally最后地；D. Naturally自然地。根据上文“Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's? I can't ___6___ she can figure this out.（ 你要去西尔维娅奶奶家吗? 我不敢相信她能弄清楚这件事。）”可知，作者最终到了奶奶家。故选C项。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我奶奶欢迎我，但说我肯定不会永远住在那里。A. living生活；B. learning学习；C. working工作；D. sitting坐。根据上文“So, I pack my things and decide to leave forever.（所以，我收拾好我的东西，决定永远离开）”下文“And I realize my mother has called ___12___（我意识到我母亲提前打电话了）”可知，作者母亲提前打了电话了，奶奶欢迎作者，但肯定作者不会永远住在那里。故选A项。
32. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我母亲提前打电话了，我被背叛了。A. back返回；B. again再一次；C. instead相反；D. ahead向前。根据上文“She looks at me and says, ‘Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?’ I can't ___6___ she can figure this out.（她看着我说，‘你要去西尔维亚奶奶家吗？’我不敢相信她能知道这件事）”和下文“I have been betrayed”可知，妈妈料到作者会前往奶奶家，所以提前给奶奶打了电话。故选D项。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我奶奶去给我拿果汁时，我妈妈到了，亲切地问我为什么离开。A. finishes结束；B. arrives到达；C. stops停止；D. changes改变。根据后句“my mother ___13___ kindly asks why I have run away（母亲亲切地问我为什么要离家出走）”可知，妈妈到了奶奶家。故选B项。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：听了我的抱怨后，妈妈对我说：“亲爱的，如果你和丽莎住在一起很难的话，明天早上我会给孤儿院打电话，我们把她送走。”A. complaints投诉；B. speech演说；C. songs歌曲；D. report报道。根据前文“Every time we do something that we are not ___2___to do, I get into more trouble. I can't ___3___it anymore!”可知，作者抱怨和妹妹生活在一起的不开心。故选A项。
35. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听了我的抱怨后，妈妈对我说：“亲爱的，如果你和丽莎住在一起很难的话，明天早上我会给孤儿院打电话，我们把她送走。”A. convenient方便的； B. hard艰难的；C. safe安全的；D. dangerous危险的。根据后句“tomorrow morning I will call the orphanage(孤儿院) and we will send her away.（明天早上我会给孤儿院打电话，我们把她送走）”可知，妈妈说如果作者和妹妹生活在一起相处很难的话，就把妹妹送到孤儿院。故选B项。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道孤儿院是什么。A. ask问；B. forget忘记；C. know知道；D. explain解释。根据后句“I started to cry（我开始哭泣）”可知，作者知道孤儿院是什么。故选C项。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始哭，并且乞求她“不要把我妹妹送进孤儿院。”A. blame责备；B. comfort安慰；C. remind提醒； D. beg乞求。根据后文“Don't send my sister away to an orphanage!（别把我妹妹送进孤儿院）”可知，作者乞求妈妈不把妹妹送孤儿院。故选D项。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我母亲勉强同意我们回家再试一次。A. admits承认；B. agrees同意；C. recognizes识别出；D. claims要求。根据上句“Don't send my sister away to an orphanage!（别把我妹妹送进孤儿院）”和下文“we will go home and give it another try”可知，妈妈同意了作者的请求。故选B项。
39. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们会吵架。A. fight打架；B. fear害怕；C. apologize道歉；D. chat聊天。根据下文“And to this day, when I turn to my mother（在这些时候，我向母亲求助的时候）”可知，以后的日子有时我们也会吵架哭泣，作者向母亲求助。故选A项。
40. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你有过机会的，亲爱的。A. chance机会；B. point指出；C. dream梦想；D. plan计划。根据上文“tomorrow morning I will call the orphanage(孤儿院) and we will send her away.（明天早上我会给孤儿院打电话，我们把她送走）”可知，妈妈曾经给过作者机会，提议把妹妹送走，但是作者不同意，因此当姐妹俩吵架，作者向妈妈求助时，妈妈会用同一种方法回答作者，她有过机会的。故选A项。
【答案】41. events
42. to watch
43. held 44. competing
45. in 46. exhausting
47. distance
48. who 49. bottled
50. Usually
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国大北跑的情况。
41. 考查名词复数。句意：大北跑是英国最受欢迎的体育赛事之一。event“赛事”，为可数名词，one of后应该用名词复数形式。故填events。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意：大约10万名朋友和家人站在道路两旁观看比赛，并在场外为跑步者加油。此处应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to watch。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：大北跑于1981年首次举办，目是为慈善机构和其他慈善事业筹集资金。hold与the Great North Run为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填held。
44. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人喜欢参加半程马拉松比赛，男女老少都参加比赛，为他们最喜欢的慈善机构筹集资金。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填competing。
45. 考查介词。句意：许多人喜欢参加半程马拉松比赛，男女老少都参加比赛，为他们最喜欢的慈善机构筹集资金。固定搭配take part in“参加”。故填in。
46. 考查形容词。句意：公路赛跑是很累人的。此处描述的是Running road races，应用-ing结尾形容词exhausting“使人筋疲力竭的，使人疲惫不堪的”。故填exhausting。
47. 考查名词。句意：所以，并不是所有的跑步者都能跑完全程，也总有一些人半途而废。形容词full修饰名词，构成短语go the full distance意为“走完全程，打满全局”。故填distance。
48. 考查定语从句。句意：所以，并不是所有的跑步者都能跑完全程，也总有一些人半途而废。 此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为不定代词some，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
49. 考查形容词。句意：救护车随时待命，以备任何跑步者需要医疗照顾，并在沿途的各个站点提供瓶装水。此处修饰名词water，应用形容词bottled“瓶装的”。故填bottled。
50. 考查副词。句意：通常，仅在比赛期间，就会分发大约25万瓶水。此处修饰整句话，应用副词，位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Usually。
【答案】1. 去掉at
2. enjoyed→enjoying
3. tiring→tired
4. but→and
5. sweep→swept
6. disappeared→disappear
7. myself→me
8. anything→everything
9. thing→things
10. well→better
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者和姐姐一起去爬山的经历。
1. 考查副词。句意：我们乘公共汽车，上午8点到达那里。there是副词，前面不要介词，故去掉at。
2. 考查现在分词。句意：一开始，我们都很兴奋，欣赏着美丽的风景，谈笑风生。句中谓语是were excited，we和enjoy之间是主谓关系，因此应用现在分词enjoying表主动，故将enjoyed改为enjoying。
3. 考查形容词。句意：但过了一会儿，我们觉得累了，所以我们坐在楼梯上休息。修饰主语we应用ed形容词tired，意为“累的”，故将tiring改为tired。
4. 考查连词。句意：但过了一会儿，我们觉得累了，所以我们坐在楼梯上休息。根据语境可知，句子表示“我们觉得累了，所以我们坐在楼梯上休息”，前后两句是并列关系，应用and连接，故将but改为and。
5. 考查时态。句意：柔和的风吹过我的脸，我感到所有的疲惫都消失了。本段描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，sweep应改为过去式swept，故将sweep改为swept。
6. 考查不定式。句意：柔和的风吹过我的脸，我感到所有的疲惫都消失了。feel sb. do sth.是固定短语，意为“感到某人做某事”，do是省略to的不定式，因此应用felt all my tiredness disappear，故将disappeared改为disappear。
7. 考查代词。句意：爬到山顶使我有成就感。根据语境可知，“爬到山顶使我有成就感”，made后用“我”的宾格，即me，故将myself改为me。
8. 考查代词。句意：学习不是生活的一切。根据语境可知，句子表示“学习不是生活的一切”，“一切”是everything，故将anything改为everything。
9. 考查名词的复数。句意：好东西不会马上来。由“don't come”可知，thing应用复数things，故将thing改为things。
10. 考查比较级。句意：只要我们热爱生活和自然，我们就会发现生活远比我们想象的要好。由than可知，well应改为比较级，“好的”的比较级是better，故将well改为better。
【答案】Dear Peter,
Knowing that you are curious about my career planning, I'm writing to tell you some details about it.
My dream job is to be a doctor. Here are the reasons. Initially, my grandfather is an outstanding doctor. Inspired by him, I am determined to become a doctor. Additionally, the corona-virus has made its way around the world. There is no denying that doctors and nurses have made great contributions. To achieve my dream, I plan to apply to Peking University to enrich my knowledge and improve my ability there.
That is my career planning. I wonder if I could know yours. I would be grateful if I could receive your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Peter写封邮件，介绍你的职业规划。
1. 词汇积累
首先：initially→firstly
杰出的：outstanding→extraordinary
实现：achieve→realize
感激的：grateful→thankful
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Initially, my grandfather is an outstanding doctor. Inspired by him, I am determined to become a doctor.
拓展句：Inspired by my grandfather, who is an outstanding doctor, I am determined to become a doctor.
高分句型1：Knowing that you are curious about my career planning, I'm writing to tell you some details about it.（运用了现在分词作状语）
高分句型2：I wonder if I could know yours.（运用了if引导的宾语从句）
河南宏力学校2021-2022学年度第一学期期末考试题
高二英语
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
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1. How much does it cost to ride a bike under 30 minutes with a pass?
A. $17. B. $8. C. $2. D. Free.
2. Which of the following is the best choice for a DC worker?
A. The Single Trip. B. The 24-Hour Pass.
C. The 3-Day Pass. D. The Annual Membership.
3. What should you do if you want to ride an e-bike?
A. Buy another key. B. Pay extra money.
C. Get a driving license. D. Ride it within 30 minutes.
B
I am a freshman at Orange High School. In 2013, I founded an organization called Love For The Elderly. So many elderly people have no one to care for them, and no one to love them. When I say this, I am talking about pure love, unconditional love that shows kindness no matter what the situations may be.
The elderly have smoothed the pathway of success for our generation. They should be shown appreciation(感激) and kindness, but are often forgotten. I am sure all of you have someone in your hearts who has been at a nursing home. Think of them while I say this; they should get the best, nothing but the best. The elderly are such an unusual group of people, and their shining wisdom can most certainly be learned from. This idea of showing appreciation to the elderly reverberated(回响) inside my head, until finally, I decided it was time to step up and make a difference.
My love for and ability in writing led me to create an organization, where people from all across the world send nameless letters filled with kindness and joy, from Iceland, Romania, Finland, Australia, and more. I then send these letters to senior centers, and nursing homes located all across the country. To this date, I have collected over 1,000 letters, and the reaction I have received from these organizations has been truly unbelievable.
This past month, I had the opportunity to receive $100 from KindSpring through their monthly kindness competition to help my organization. This money has been of great help. We do not receive much money, and so it helped to pay for many costs, including postage and envelopes. This act of kindness has been very helpful to my organization, and I could not be more appreciative. If any of you would like to get involved in my organization, please visit lovefortheelderly.org.
4. Why did the author set up his organization?
A. To help the elderly with their daily life. B. To organize activities for the elderly.
C. To offer true love to the elderly. D. To raise money for the elderly.
5. Which of the following agrees with the author's opinion about the elderly?
A. They are being treated well. B. They should end up in senior centers.
C. They are wiser than the young. D. They don't get enough attention.
6. What helped the author create his organization?
A. The letters received worldwide. B. His writing ability.
C. His family's encouragement. D. The support from senior centers.
7. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. The author doesn't have much money.
B. The elderly were very thankful to the author.
C. The author turned to KindSpring for help.
D. The organization can't be larger.
C
Fu Cong, a Chinese-born pianist, died on Monday at a hospital in London, where he had lived for many years.
A lover of classical music from a young age, Mr. Fu began taking piano lessons when he was 7. He made his first stage appearance in 1952. The concert caught the attention of officials in Beijing, who selected him to compete and tour in Eastern Europe. Mr. Fu soon moved to Poland, where he studied at the Warsaw Conservatory(音乐学校) on a scholarship. To prepare for the fifth Chopin Competition in Warsaw in 1955, he practiced so hard that he hurt his fingers and was nearly cut from the first round of the competition.
Mr. Fu was one of the first Chinese pianists to achieve global fame when he took third place in the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1955. He also won a special prize for his performance of Chopin's mazurkas. Almost overnight, he became a national hero. To China, Mr. Fu's recognition in a well-known international competition was evidence that the country could stand on its own artistically in the West. Chinese reporters came to interview Mr. Fu, while many others went to his father, Fu Lei, for advice on child-raising.
In 1981, a volume of letters written by his father, was published in China. Full of advice, encouragement, life teachings and strict paternal love, the book Fu Lei's Family Letters became a best-seller in China. Besides influencing a generation of Chinese, Mr. Fu's words resonated(引起共鸣) long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.
“My father had a saying that ‘First you must be a person, then an artist, and then a musician, and only then can you be a pianist,’” Mr. Fu Cong once recalled in an interview. “Even now, I believe in this order-that it should be this way and that I am this way.”
8. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Fu Cong's achievements in music. B. Fu Cong's stage performances.
C. Fu Cong's experiences of learning music. D. Fu Cong's efforts for competitions.
9. Why does Fu Cong's global recognition mean a lot to China?
A. It earns Chinese arts a place in the West.
B. It promotes the spread of Chinese culture.
C. It proves Chinese people's love for music.
D. It enables Chinese art education to be recognized.
10. What docs the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Fu Lei's Family Letters. B. Young people of China.
C. Fu Cong and his family. D. Readers of Fu Lei's Family Letters.
11. Which of the following agrees with Fu Lei's ideas in the last paragraph?
A. It's easy to be an artist.
B. It requires various qualities to be a pianist.
C. Everyone should develop an interest in art.
D. Talent is of greatest importance for a pianist.
C
Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels(管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician(儿科医生), believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well. Scientists from 11 universities studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants(婴儿), exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.
For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week.
12. According to the reading, what is the connection between exercise and brain development?
A. Exercise makes us stupid.
B. The brain needs special mental exercise.
C. Physical exercise helps us think better.
D. The more exercise, the bigger the brain.
13. The mini amount of excises required to gain any benefit is ________.
A. 40-hours per week
B. three hours per week
C. three hours per day
D. 40hours per month.
14. Why does the author think that yoga is fit for seniors?
A. It includes learning new motions.
B. It can be done in groups.
C. It does not increase the heart rate.
D. It is easy to learn.
15. What is the best title of this passage?
A. How to exercise
B. How the brain can change
C. How to get good scores on a test
D. How exercise helps the brain
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A good book can be satisfying. If reading is a habit you'd like to get into, there are some ways to develop it.
●Realize that reading is enjoyable if you have a good book. If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem like a task.____16____
●Set time. You should have some time during every day when you'll read for at least 5 to 10 minutes.____17____For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone.
●Always carry a book.______18______When I leave the house, I always make sure to have my car keys and one book at hand. The book stays with me in the car, and I take it into the office and to appointments and pretty much everywhere I go.
●______19______Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair. Don't lie down unless you're going to sleep. There shouldn't be a television or a computer near the chair, and no music or no noisy family members/ roommates. If you don't have a place like this, create one.
●Reduce television/ the Internet. If you really want to read more, try cutting back on time on TV or the Internet._____20_____Still, every minute you reduce of the Internet/ TV, you could use for reading. This could create hours of book reading time.
A. Go to bookstores.
B. Find a quiet place.
C. This may be difficult for some people.
D. Wherever you go, take a book with you.
E. Have some good tea or coffee while you read.
F. It means you will read no matter how busy you are.
G. If this happens, give up the book and find another one that you'll really love.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Sometimes, life as a big sister just doesn't seem fair. I was five years old, and my sister Lisa was ____21____. Every time we do something that we are not ____22____ to do, I get into more trouble. I can't ____23____ it anymore! So, I pack my things and decide to leave forever. My mother asks ____24____ I am running away and I tell her yes. She's not nearly as ____25____ by this as I feel she should be. She looks at me and says, “Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?” I can't ____26____ she can figure this out. Without ____27____ her, I go out. I'm so ____28____ that I don't realize that my mother is about 20 metres behind me, following and ____29____concerned citizens away.
______30______, I get to Grandma's apartment. Before I even knock, the door opens. My Grandma welcomes me but says I'm certainly not ______31______ there forever. And I realize my mother has called ______32______ and I have been betrayed. When my Grandma goes to get me some juice, my mother ______33______ and kindly asks why I have run away. After listening to my ______34______, my mother says to me,“Sweetheart, if it's ______35______ for you to live with Lisa, tomorrow morning I will call the orphanage(孤儿院) and we will send her away.” I ______36______ what an orphanage is. I start to cry, and I ______37______ her, “Don't send my sister away to an orphanage!” My mother reluctantly(勉强地) ______38______ that we will go home and give it another try.
And in those years to come, Lisa and I will share laughter and tears. Sometimes, we will ______39______. And to this day, when I turn to my mother, she always answers in the same way, “You had your ______40______, sweetheart.”
21. A. stronger B. younger C. cleverer D. calmer
22. A. qualified B. prepared C. trained D. supposed
23. A. hide B. stand C. afford D. use
24. A. when B. how C. if D. why
25. A. excited B. bored C. moved D. upset
26. A. expect B. promise C. believe D. pretend
27. A. answering B. greeting C. informing D. noticing
28. A. proud B. focused C. busy D. popular
29. A. putting B. taking C. scaring D. waving
30. A. Clearly B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Naturally
31. A. living B. learning C. working D. sitting
32. A. back B. again C. instead D. ahead
33. A. finishes B. arrives C. stops D. changes
34. A. complaints B. speech C. songs D. report
35. A. convenient B. hard C. safe D. dangerous
36. A. ask B. forget C. know D. explain
37. A. blame B. comfort C. remind D. beg
38. A. admits B. agrees C. recognizes D. claims
39. A. fight B. fear C. apologize D. chat
40. A. chance B. point C. dream D. plan
第二节(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
阅读以下材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Great North Run is one of the UK'S most popular sporting ____41____ (event). It is the biggest and best known half-marathon in the world. Around fifty-thousand competitors sign up to compete in the Great North Run every September. Around one hundred thousand friends and family members line the roads ____42____ (watch) the race and cheer the runners on from the sidelines.
First ____43____ (hold) in 1981, the Great North Run was to help raise money for charities and other worthy causes. A lot of people enjoy ____44____ (compete) in the half-marathon, and men and women of all ages take part ____45____ the race to help raise money for their favourite charity.
Running road races can be ____46____ (exhaust). So not all runners manage to go the full ____47____ (distant) and complete it and there are always some ____48____ fall by the wayside. Ambulances are kept on standby in case any runners need medical attention and ____49____ (bottle) water is provided at various stops along the way. _____50_____ (usual), around two hundred and fifty thousand bottles of water are handed out during the race alone.
第四部分 写作(共两节；满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^) ，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
Last weekend, my sister and I climbed a mountain. We took a bus and arrived at there at 8 am. In the beginning, we were excited, enjoyed the beautiful scenery, talking and joking. But after a while, we felt tiring, so we sat on the stairs but had a rest. The soft wind sweep my face, and I felt all my tiredness disappeared. Climbing to top of the mountain made myself feel a sense of achievement.
Studying is not anything in life. All good thing don't come right away. As long as we love life and nature, we will discover that life is far well than we thought.
第二节: 书面表达(共25分)
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter发来邮件询问你的职业规划。请给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你的理想职业；
2. 选择这个职业的原因；
3. 如何实现这个理想。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
##############################################
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍三个最流行骑自行车的方式及其特点和费用。
1. 细节理解题。根据Day Passes部分“Passes include unlimited(不受限制的) classic bike trips under 30 minutes.（Passes包括30分钟内不受限制的经典自行车旅行。）”可知，30分钟内的骑行是不受限制的，免费的。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Annual Membership部分“The Annual Membership is the best deal for DC people and other frequent(频繁的) riders.（年度会员资格是华盛顿特区人和其他频繁骑手的最佳选择。）”可知，华盛顿特区工人的最佳选择是The Annual Membership，故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Unlock an e-bike for an extra $1/ride. See extra pricing for e-bike parking and longer rides.（解锁电动自行车，每骑一次，需额外付1美元。查看电动自行车停放和长途骑行的额外定价。）”可知，如果你想骑电子自行车，需要支付额外的费用，故选B项。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己创建帮助得到较少关注的老年人的组织，呼吁人们加入这个组织。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“So many elderly people have no one to care for them, and no one to love them. When I say this, I am talking about pure love, unconditional love that shows kindness no matter what the situations may be.（这么多的老年人没有人照顾他们，也没有人爱他们。当我这么说的时候，我说的是纯粹的爱，无论在什么情况下都能表现出善良的无条件的爱。）”可知，作者建立这个组织是为了给老年人提供真正的爱。故选C。
5. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“The elderly have smoothed the pathway of success for our generation. They should be shown appreciation(感激) and kindness, but are often forgotten.（老年人已经为我们这一代铺平了成功的道路。应该向他们表现出感激和善良，但却经常被遗忘。）”可推断，作者认为老年人没有得到足够的关注。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“My love for and ability in writing led me to create an organization, where people from all across the world send nameless letters filled with kindness and joy, from Iceland, Romania, Finland, Australia, and more.（我对写作的热爱和能力促使我创建了一个组织，在那里，来自世界各地的人们从冰岛、罗马尼亚、芬兰、澳大利亚等地发送充满善良和快乐的匿名信件。）”可知，作者的写作能力有助于创建了他的组织。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“This past month, I had the opportunity to receive $100 from KindSpring through their monthly kindness competition to help my organization. This money has been of great help. We do not receive much money, and so it helped to pay for many costs, including postage and envelopes.（在过去的一个月里，我有机会通过他们每月的慈善竞赛从KindSpring获得100美元，以帮助我的组织。这笔钱一直很有帮助。我们没有收到很多钱，所以它帮助支付了许多费用，包括邮费和信封。）”可推断，作者没有太多的钱。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国著名音乐家傅聪学习音乐、获得成就的经历，也介绍了他受到的父亲的影响。
8. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段关键句“A lover of classical music from a young age, Mr. Fu began taking piano lessons when he was 7. He made his first stage appearance in 1952.（傅先生从小就喜欢古典音乐，7岁时开始上钢琴课。他首次登台演出是在1952年）”及“Mr. Fu soon moved to Poland, where he studied at the Warsaw Conservatory on a scholarship.（傅先生很快搬到了波兰，在那里他获得了奖学金，在华沙音乐学院学习）”及全段内容可知，本段讲述了傅聪学习音乐的经历。故选C项。
9. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“To China, Mr. Fu's recognition in a well-known international competition was evidence that the country could stand on its own artistically in the West.（对中国来说，傅先生在一场著名的国际比赛中获得认可，证明了中国能够在西方艺术领域站稳脚跟）”可知，傅聪被全球认可对中国意义重大是因为它为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。故选A项。
10. 词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“Full of advice, encouragement, life teachings and strict paternal love, the book Fu Lei's Family Letters became a best-seller in China. Besides influencing a generation of Chinese, Mr. Fu's words resonated long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.（充满建议、鼓励、生活教诲和严厉的父爱，《傅雷家书》成为中国的畅销书。傅先生的话除了影响了一代中国人之外，在他死后很长一段时间里，他的话也在它们旨在的读者那里引起了共鸣）”可知，此处的they指代前文提到的《傅雷家书》里的信件。故选A项。
11. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“My father had a saying that ‘First you must be a person, then an artist, and then a musician, and only then can you be a pianist,’” Mr. Fu Cong once recalled in an interview.（“我父亲说过，‘你首先要成为一个人，然后是艺术家，然后是音乐家，只有这样你才能成为钢琴家，’”傅聪在一次采访中回忆说）”可知，傅聪认为，成为一个钢琴家需要各方面的品质。故选B项。
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。本文通过讲述一位脑发育研究科学家们的新的研究发现告诉人们：运动有助于大脑的发展和更好的思考，可以让人的大脑更好的思维，有助于大脑记忆的开发，会让人更健康，对于无论是婴儿还是老人都如此。
12. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels(管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better.”（根据她的研究，运动似乎可以使血管，包括大脑中的血管，更强壮、更充分地发育。卡梅伦博士称，这能让锻炼的人更好地集中注意力。）可知，运动让人们更好的集中注意力，下文婴儿期锻炼和老年期锻炼都说明了锻炼对大脑的好处，因此可知体育运动有助于我们很好的思考。故选C。
13. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week.”（你的大脑可以从每周短短三小时的锻炼中受益。）可知，只需要每周短短三小时的锻炼就可以让大脑获益。故选B。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.”（学习一些新的技能或动作，比如瑜伽或太极，有助于打开大脑中可能很久没有使用过的记忆路径。）可知，瑜伽适合老年人是因为它包括学习新的动作，这有助于打开大脑中可能很久没有使用过的记忆路径。故选A。
15. 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development.（医生们开始发现越来越多的信息表明运动和大脑发育之间存在联系。）”可知，医生认为锻炼和头脑发育之间有密切联系。下文通过研究结果和数据说明二者的密切联系，因此推断D. How exercise helps the brain.（运动如何帮助大脑？）概括了文章内容，适合作为标题。故选D。
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. D 19. B 20. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。阅读是很好的习惯，怎么养成阅读的习惯，文章给出了一些建议。
16. 根据上文If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem like a task.可知，如果你有一本难懂的书，而且你正强迫自己看完它，那看起来就像是一项任务。如果这样的话，不如放弃这本书，找另外一本你喜欢的。G选项符合语境，故选G。
17. 根据下文For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone.可知，如果你独自一人吃饭，在早餐、午餐甚至晚餐时都要养成阅读的习惯。这意味着，不管你多么忙，你都会阅读，F选项是上文自然的结果，故选F。
18. 根据上文Always carry a book.可知，无论去哪里，都带着一本书，D选项Wherever you go, take a book with you.是对上文进一步解释说明，故选D。
19. 根据下文Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair.可知，要找一个安静的地方，B选项Find a quiet place.概括本段内容，故选B。
20. 根据上文If you really want to read more, try cutting back on time on TV or the Internet.可知，如果想阅读太多，尽可能减少在电视和网上的时间，再根据下文Still, every minute you reduce of the Internet/ TV, you could use for reading. This could create hours of book reading time.可知，在互联网/电视上减少的时间你都可以用来阅读，这可以创造数小时的读书时间。所以C选项This may be difficult for some people.（这可能对某些人来说很难）连接上下文，故选C。
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. A
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者五岁时因为妈妈总让她为妹妹背黑锅，因此离家出走。母亲的一席话打消了作者的念头，从此即使与妹妹有小矛盾也能处理好。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时我五岁，我妹妹丽莎比我小。A. stronger更强壮的；B. younger更幼小的；更年轻的；C. cleverer更聪明的； D. calmer更镇静的。根据上句“Sometimes, life as a big sister just doesn't seem fair.（有时候，做姐姐似乎并不公平）”可知，妹妹比我小。故选B项。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我们做不该做的事，我就会陷入更多的麻烦。A. qualified有资格的；B. prepared有所准备的；C. trained训练过的；D. supposed应当地。根据后句“I get into more trouble.（我陷入了更多的麻烦）”可知，作者和妹妹做了不应该做的事情。故选D项。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我再也受不了了！A. hide隐藏；B. stand忍受；C. afford负担；D. use使用。根据后句“So, I pack my things and decide to leave forever.（所以，我收拾好我的东西，决定永远离开）”可知，作者再也受不了，决定离家出走。故选B项。
24. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈问我是不是要离开，我告诉她是的。A. when当……时候；B. how如何；C. if如果；D. why为什么。根据后文“I tell her yes.（我告诉她是的）”可知，上文是妈妈问作者是不是打算离开。故选C项。
25. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她完全没有像我认为她应该的那样为此难过。A. excited兴奋的；B. bored无聊的；C. moved感动的；D. upset难过的。根据后文“She looks at me and says, ‘Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?’（她看着我说，‘你要去西尔维亚奶奶家吗？’）”可知，妈妈并没有难过，而是询问作者的去向。故选D项。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能相信她能搞清楚这件事。A. expect期望；B. promise承诺；C. believe相信；D. pretend假装。根据上句“She looks at me and says, ‘Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?’（她看着我说，‘你要去西尔维亚奶奶家吗？’）”可知，妈妈猜出了作者去向，作者难以相信。故选C项。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有回答她，就出去了。A. answering回答；B. greeting问候；C. informing通知；D. noticing注意。根据上文“Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?（你要去西尔维亚奶奶家吗？）”可知，妈妈询问作者的去向，作者没有回答妈妈的问题，就走了。故选A项。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我太专注了，以至于我没有意识到我的母亲就在我身后大约20米的地方，她跟在我后面，挥手让关心我的市民离开。A. proud自豪的；B. focused注意力集中的；C. busy忙的；D. popular流行的。根据后文“I don't realize that my mother is about 20 metres away（我没有意识到我的母亲在离我大约20米的地方。）”可知，作者是太专注了而没有意识到母亲在后面。故选B项。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. putting放置；B. taking带走；C. scaring恐吓；D. waving挥手。根据后文“concerned citizens away.（让关心我的市民离开）”可知，妈妈悄悄跟着作者，挥手让关心的人离开。故选D项。
30. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我到了奶奶的公寓。A. Clearly清楚地；B. Suddenly突然地；C. Finally最后地；D. Naturally自然地。根据上文“Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's? I can't ___6___ she can figure this out.（ 你要去西尔维娅奶奶家吗? 我不敢相信她能弄清楚这件事。）”可知，作者最终到了奶奶家。故选C项。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我奶奶欢迎我，但说我肯定不会永远住在那里。A. living生活；B. learning学习；C. working工作；D. sitting坐。根据上文“So, I pack my things and decide to leave forever.（所以，我收拾好我的东西，决定永远离开）”下文“And I realize my mother has called ___12___（我意识到我母亲提前打电话了）”可知，作者母亲提前打了电话了，奶奶欢迎作者，但肯定作者不会永远住在那里。故选A项。
32. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我母亲提前打电话了，我被背叛了。A. back返回；B. again再一次；C. instead相反；D. ahead向前。根据上文“She looks at me and says, ‘Are you going to Grandma Sylvia's?’ I can't ___6___ she can figure this out.（她看着我说，‘你要去西尔维亚奶奶家吗？’我不敢相信她能知道这件事）”和下文“I have been betrayed”可知，妈妈料到作者会前往奶奶家，所以提前给奶奶打了电话。故选D项。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我奶奶去给我拿果汁时，我妈妈到了，亲切地问我为什么离开。A. finishes结束；B. arrives到达；C. stops停止；D. changes改变。根据后句“my mother ___13___ kindly asks why I have run away（母亲亲切地问我为什么要离家出走）”可知，妈妈到了奶奶家。故选B项。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：听了我的抱怨后，妈妈对我说：“亲爱的，如果你和丽莎住在一起很难的话，明天早上我会给孤儿院打电话，我们把她送走。”A. complaints投诉；B. speech演说；C. songs歌曲；D. report报道。根据前文“Every time we do something that we are not ___2___to do, I get into more trouble. I can't ___3___it anymore!”可知，作者抱怨和妹妹生活在一起的不开心。故选A项。
35. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听了我的抱怨后，妈妈对我说：“亲爱的，如果你和丽莎住在一起很难的话，明天早上我会给孤儿院打电话，我们把她送走。”A. convenient方便的； B. hard艰难的；C. safe安全的；D. dangerous危险的。根据后句“tomorrow morning I will call the orphanage(孤儿院) and we will send her away.（明天早上我会给孤儿院打电话，我们把她送走）”可知，妈妈说如果作者和妹妹生活在一起相处很难的话，就把妹妹送到孤儿院。故选B项。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道孤儿院是什么。A. ask问；B. forget忘记；C. know知道；D. explain解释。根据后句“I started to cry（我开始哭泣）”可知，作者知道孤儿院是什么。故选C项。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始哭，并且乞求她“不要把我妹妹送进孤儿院。”A. blame责备；B. comfort安慰；C. remind提醒； D. beg乞求。根据后文“Don't send my sister away to an orphanage!（别把我妹妹送进孤儿院）”可知，作者乞求妈妈不把妹妹送孤儿院。故选D项。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我母亲勉强同意我们回家再试一次。A. admits承认；B. agrees同意；C. recognizes识别出；D. claims要求。根据上句“Don't send my sister away to an orphanage!（别把我妹妹送进孤儿院）”和下文“we will go home and give it another try”可知，妈妈同意了作者的请求。故选B项。
39. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们会吵架。A. fight打架；B. fear害怕；C. apologize道歉；D. chat聊天。根据下文“And to this day, when I turn to my mother（在这些时候，我向母亲求助的时候）”可知，以后的日子有时我们也会吵架哭泣，作者向母亲求助。故选A项。
40. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你有过机会的，亲爱的。A. chance机会；B. point指出；C. dream梦想；D. plan计划。根据上文“tomorrow morning I will call the orphanage(孤儿院) and we will send her away.（明天早上我会给孤儿院打电话，我们把她送走）”可知，妈妈曾经给过作者机会，提议把妹妹送走，但是作者不同意，因此当姐妹俩吵架，作者向妈妈求助时，妈妈会用同一种方法回答作者，她有过机会的。故选A项。
【答案】41. events
42. to watch
43. held 44. competing
45. in 46. exhausting
47. distance
48. who 49. bottled
50. Usually
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国大北跑的情况。
41. 考查名词复数。句意：大北跑是英国最受欢迎的体育赛事之一。event“赛事”，为可数名词，one of后应该用名词复数形式。故填events。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意：大约10万名朋友和家人站在道路两旁观看比赛，并在场外为跑步者加油。此处应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to watch。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：大北跑于1981年首次举办，目是为慈善机构和其他慈善事业筹集资金。hold与the Great North Run为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填held。
44. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人喜欢参加半程马拉松比赛，男女老少都参加比赛，为他们最喜欢的慈善机构筹集资金。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填competing。
45. 考查介词。句意：许多人喜欢参加半程马拉松比赛，男女老少都参加比赛，为他们最喜欢的慈善机构筹集资金。固定搭配take part in“参加”。故填in。
46. 考查形容词。句意：公路赛跑是很累人的。此处描述的是Running road races，应用-ing结尾形容词exhausting“使人筋疲力竭的，使人疲惫不堪的”。故填exhausting。
47. 考查名词。句意：所以，并不是所有的跑步者都能跑完全程，也总有一些人半途而废。形容词full修饰名词，构成短语go the full distance意为“走完全程，打满全局”。故填distance。
48. 考查定语从句。句意：所以，并不是所有的跑步者都能跑完全程，也总有一些人半途而废。 此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为不定代词some，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
49. 考查形容词。句意：救护车随时待命，以备任何跑步者需要医疗照顾，并在沿途的各个站点提供瓶装水。此处修饰名词water，应用形容词bottled“瓶装的”。故填bottled。
50. 考查副词。句意：通常，仅在比赛期间，就会分发大约25万瓶水。此处修饰整句话，应用副词，位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Usually。
【答案】1. 去掉at
2. enjoyed→enjoying
3. tiring→tired
4. but→and
5. sweep→swept
6. disappeared→disappear
7. myself→me
8. anything→everything
9. thing→things
10. well→better
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者和姐姐一起去爬山的经历。
1. 考查副词。句意：我们乘公共汽车，上午8点到达那里。there是副词，前面不要介词，故去掉at。
2. 考查现在分词。句意：一开始，我们都很兴奋，欣赏着美丽的风景，谈笑风生。句中谓语是were excited，we和enjoy之间是主谓关系，因此应用现在分词enjoying表主动，故将enjoyed改为enjoying。
3. 考查形容词。句意：但过了一会儿，我们觉得累了，所以我们坐在楼梯上休息。修饰主语we应用ed形容词tired，意为“累的”，故将tiring改为tired。
4. 考查连词。句意：但过了一会儿，我们觉得累了，所以我们坐在楼梯上休息。根据语境可知，句子表示“我们觉得累了，所以我们坐在楼梯上休息”，前后两句是并列关系，应用and连接，故将but改为and。
5. 考查时态。句意：柔和的风吹过我的脸，我感到所有的疲惫都消失了。本段描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，sweep应改为过去式swept，故将sweep改为swept。
6. 考查不定式。句意：柔和的风吹过我的脸，我感到所有的疲惫都消失了。feel sb. do sth.是固定短语，意为“感到某人做某事”，do是省略to的不定式，因此应用felt all my tiredness disappear，故将disappeared改为disappear。
7. 考查代词。句意：爬到山顶使我有成就感。根据语境可知，“爬到山顶使我有成就感”，made后用“我”的宾格，即me，故将myself改为me。
8. 考查代词。句意：学习不是生活的一切。根据语境可知，句子表示“学习不是生活的一切”，“一切”是everything，故将anything改为everything。
9. 考查名词的复数。句意：好东西不会马上来。由“don't come”可知，thing应用复数things，故将thing改为things。
10. 考查比较级。句意：只要我们热爱生活和自然，我们就会发现生活远比我们想象的要好。由than可知，well应改为比较级，“好的”的比较级是better，故将well改为better。
【答案】Dear Peter,
Knowing that you are curious about my career planning, I'm writing to tell you some details about it.
My dream job is to be a doctor. Here are the reasons. Initially, my grandfather is an outstanding doctor. Inspired by him, I am determined to become a doctor. Additionally, the corona-virus has made its way around the world. There is no denying that doctors and nurses have made great contributions. To achieve my dream, I plan to apply to Peking University to enrich my knowledge and improve my ability there.
That is my career planning. I wonder if I could know yours. I would be grateful if I could receive your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Peter写封邮件，介绍你的职业规划。
1. 词汇积累
首先：initially→firstly
杰出的：outstanding→extraordinary
实现：achieve→realize
感激的：grateful→thankful
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Initially, my grandfather is an outstanding doctor. Inspired by him, I am determined to become a doctor.
拓展句：Inspired by my grandfather, who is an outstanding doctor, I am determined to become a doctor.
高分句型1：Knowing that you are curious about my career planning, I'm writing to tell you some details about it.（运用了现在分词作状语）
高分句型2：I wonder if I could know yours.（运用了if引导的宾语从句）
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