中考英语复习第一部分题型研究题型二（二）课件

这是一份中考英语复习第一部分题型研究题型二（二）课件，共59页。PPT课件主要包含了词汇衔接，逻辑关系，上下文语境，词汇衔接 ，逻辑关系 ，上下文语境 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
五选五还原型阅读理解，通常按照词汇衔接、逻辑关系、上下文语境等三大方面对考生进行考查。
在解题过程中，文段中经常会出现一些线索特征词汇，即“关键词”，它们往往和上下句之间会有一定的衔接。搜寻这些关键词，可以帮助我们迅速锁定目标选项。这些关键词有名词、动词，也包括冠词、代词、数词、疑问词。通常状况下，这些词语会以词汇复现的形式出现。词汇复现一般包括：同词复现、近义词、反义词或派生词复现。我们可据此推断正确选项。
【技巧1】：同词复现同词复现即某一词在设空处前后和备选项中重复出现。
【典例1】Starting with a super-simple step ften helps. Why? It’s easy, quick, and gets yu in actin. 1 . A. Then keep taking steps. B. I can’t start such a huge gal.
【点拨】根据“Starting with a super-simple step ften helps.” 可知，A 项中steps 与文中“step” 为同词复现，再结合语境可知，此处描述与“step” 从容易、简单开始相关， 故选_____。
【小露一手】Passage 1 [2021 福建节选] Secnd, having a subject can make the club receive mre attentin. Yu might want t read fantasy stries r science fictin（小说）. 1 If yu take it in turns t chse the bks yu read, yu might discver sme great new bks and authrs t. A. A subject makes it easier t decide which bks t read. B. And then cme t the meeting with questins t discuss.
【点拨】结合上文“Secnd, having a subject can make the club receive mre attentin. Yu might want t read fantasy stries r science fictin（小说）. ”可知空白处是说先选择主题的重要性，选项A“一个主题可以让你更容易决定读哪本书。”符合语境。
【技巧2】：根据近义词、反义词或派生词推断 在解题过程中，如果设空处前后句中某一词与选项中某一词为近义词、反义词或派生词，如glad 与happy，excited 和excitement 等，则可据此推断正确选项。
【典例2】If yu have t g t the stres, mvies, parties, super-markets, etc. besides wearing masks, remember t keep scial distance. 2 .A. Wash yur hands as ften as pssible. B. Avid getting t clse t ther peple.
【点拨】前文有keep scial distance（保持社交距离），与B 选项是近义词组。故选 _____。
【小露一手】Passage 2 [2022 浙江绍兴节选] ♦Make friends with lnely students. If yu ntice a student wh desn’t have many friends r sits alne at lunch, make it a pint t becme their friend. 2 S why nt encurage ther peple t becme friends with them? A. Friendship will make them less lnely. B. Teach ther students if yu can.
【点拨】结合上文“如果你注意到一个学生朋友不多或午餐时独自坐着，一定要成为他们的朋友。”可知选项A“友谊会让他们不那么孤独。”符合语境。
【技巧3】：根据代词衔接推断 在英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。要注意在选项和上下文中出现的如下代词：it/he/she/they 及其宾格形式的指代；this/that/these/thse 的指代；ne/anther/thers/the ther 在文中的照应。
【典例3】[2022 河南节选] Use yur imaginatins. Yu shuld always try t describe smething using the five senses. 38 . A. They are smell, taste, tuch, sight and sund. B. Yu will be prud t share it with yur friends.
【点拨】由上文“Yu shuld always try t describe smething using the five senses.（你应该一直试着用五种感觉来描述某事。）” 可知，A 项“ 它们是嗅觉、味觉、触觉、视觉和声音。” 符合语境。答案：_____。
【小露一手】Passage 3 [2022 江西节选] Nwadays peple arund the wrld still make many beautiful things frm silk. Silk isn’t nly beautiful. It seems that it’s easy t break. 3 Fr example, it has been used t make bicycle tires（轮胎）. And sme dctrs even use silk threads in the hspital. A. Actually it’s very strng. B. Silk is als light and warm.
【点拨】结合上下文“看起来它很容易坏。______例如，它被用于制造自行车轮胎。”可知选项“事实上，它非常强大。”符合语境。
在阅读篇章中，语段、句子之间都是由并列、承接、转折、因果等关系构成， 注意空后的连词，充分利用这些逻辑关系词汇，理清句子关系，很容易推断出答案。
【技巧1】：根据因果关系推断 上、下文是因果关系，常见的表达如：because 因为, since 既然, as 由于, the reasn is that 原因是，fr 因为，s 所以，thanks t 多亏，as a result 结果，thus/ therefre 因此， 如此……以至于等。
【典例4】 Seeing bld in a hrrr mvie might make yu cver yur eyes, but real bld isn’t scary at all. 66 That’s why bld dnrs are cnsidered lifesavers. A. Then the bld can be used fr peple in need. B. In fact, bld is the gift f life and keeps us alive.
【点拨】空处后的句子“That’s why bld dnrs are cnsidered lifesavers.” 表结果。B 选项表示原因，前后句子是因果关系。故选 ______。
【小露一手】Passage 4 [2022 乐山改编节选]
请同学们看《点拨中考》重难点突破第20页短文。
Peple can chse t watch a mvie n the cmputer. Hw interesting! There are als sme cameras n the bus. If smene steals（偷）things, these cameras will catch them. 4 . A. S it’s safe and cmfrtable t take the bus. B. It can stp at traffic lights and park at the stp all by itself.
【点拨】结合上下文“人们可以选择在电脑上看电影。真有趣！公交车上还有一些摄像头。如果有人偷窃这些相机会捕捉到的。”可知选项A“所以坐公交车既安全又舒适。”符合语境。
【技巧2】：根据并列递进关系推断 此时分句之间的关系是平等的，并列的；或者后一个分句的意思比前一分句进了一步，常见的表达如：and 并且；als 也，而且; besides 而且；then 然后； first 第一；secnd 第二；firstly 第一，首先；secndly 第二( 点)，其次； thirdly 第三； next 其次； then 那么，然后；fr ne thing 首先，一则；fr anther thing 其次； t begin with 首先，第一；what’s mre 更重要的是；nt nly…but als 不但……而 且……等。
典例5 [2021 福建阅读理解E 篇节选] The nly thing better than reading a gd bk is reading it with thers. In a bk club, a grup f peple chse a bk that everyne will read separately and then discuss tgether. 66 It’s als a lt f fun t talk abut what yu’re reading with friends. A. Reading is nt nly smething yu enjy by yurself. B. A subject makes it easier t decide which bks t read.
【点拨】根据空处后一句中表递进关系的“als”可知。答案：______ 。
【小露一手】Passage 5 Students f all ages, thugh, can learn mre abut the dnatin prcess by visiting a lcal bld dnatin center. 5 It is als an easy way t help a cmmunity. A. Dnating bld is nt nly ne f the easiest ways t save lives. B. Mst peple are able t dnate bld again in several mnths if they wish.
【点拨】结合下文“这也是帮助社会的一种简单方法。”可知选项A“献血不仅是拯救生命的最简单方法之一。”符合语境。
【技巧3】：根据转折关系推断 后面分句的意思是前面分句意思的转折，常见的表达如: hwever 然而, still 不过， thugh 虽然, althugh 虽然, yet 然而, even if 即使，n the ther hand 另一方面等。
【典例6】 [2022· 湖南衡阳节选] Parents can be very imprtant teachers in ur lives. 11 Parents may be t clse t their children emtinally（感情上） example, a teacher might see a trip t a big city as a valuable experience. Hwever, it might seem t dangerus fr a parent. A. Hwever, they are nt always the best teachers. B. Teachers are always ready t help their students.
【点拨】根据空前一句可知，家长们是我们生活中很重要的老师。再根据段落末的例子证明家长们不总是孩子们最好的老师。由此可推断此空处是内容上的转折。答案：_____。
【小露一手】Passage 6 [2022 云南昆明节选] Sme very tiny pieces f plastic are called micrplastics（ 微塑料）. The largest micrplastics can be directly seen. 6 What shuld we d then? Avid heating fd in plastic bxes. Any time plastic bxes are heated, micrplastics can get int yur fd. If yu can’t avid using plastic bxes, try nt t heat fd in them. A. But many f them are small enugh t be arund us withut being seen. B. Use plastic prducts widely in ur daily life.
【点拨】结合上下文“一些非常微小的塑料被称为微塑料。最大的微塑料可以直接看到。____那我们该怎么办？”可知选项A“但它们中的许多都很小，可以在我们身边而不被看见。”符合语境。
【技巧4】：根据解释关系推断 解释关系是后面的句子对前面的句子做解释说明、引申、例证，使所表述意思更加完整具体。常见的表达如：in fact, that is t say, in ther wrds 等。
【典例7】 1 In ther wrds, when yu are in lve with smene, yu may refuse t see anything bad abut that persn. A. Actins speak luder than wrds. B. Anther prverb says “Lve is blind”.
【点拨】根据后句“In ther wrds, when yu are in lve with smene, yu may refuse t see anything bad abut that persn.” 可知是对所填句的解释，故选 _____。
【小露一手】Passage 7 7 in ther wrds, the rigin（起源）f language is a mystery（神秘）. All we have really knwn is that men, unlike animals, smehw invented certain sunds t express thughts and feelings, actins, and the things, s that they wuld cmmunicate with each ther.A. Hw men first learned t invent wrds is unknwn; B. Wrds becme filled with meanings fr us by experience;
【点拨】结合下文“换句话说，语言的起源是个神秘的事。”可知选项A“人们最初是如何学会发明单词的尚不清楚”符合语境。
【技巧5】：根据承上启下关系推断 即能够联系上下文的重要的句子或段落。所填内容能承接上文，或是引出下文，且符合语境，则为正确选项。
【典例8 】 [2022 福建阅读理解E 篇节选] Cyclists need t be mre careful than ther rad users, as it’s much easier fr yu t get hurt. Remember that when yu are n a cycle, yu have n prtectin frm dangers arund yu.
66 . Dn’t use yur mbile phne while cycling. This is because yu need t lk ut fr the rad and ther traffic. Yu shuld always wear a helmet as this can cut dwn the risk f getting hurt n the head in an accident. A. Here are sme suggestins n hw t keep safe. B. Shw drivers what yu plan t d in plenty f time.
【点拨】根据空前一句和下文给出的建议，可以判断此处应该填一个承上启下的过渡句引出下文。答案： ____。
【小露一手】 Passage 8 [2022 云南节选] D yu feel nervus when yu talk t yur parents? D yu easily make them angry? Dn’t wrry. 8 . Find the cmmn interests between yu and yur parents. Fr example, if yu and yur dad bth like playing basketball, yu can watch ne game tgether and talk abut it. Yu can find the cnversatin will cme easily. A. Get sme training at a parents’ schl. B. Here is sme advice abut hw t talk t yur parents.
【点拨】结合上文“当你和父母说话时，你感到紧张吗？你容易让他们生气吗？别担心。”可知选项B“这里有一些关于如何与父母交谈的建议。”符合语境。
在部分语篇中，并没有明显的词汇复现提示语或明显的逻辑关系时，则要结合上下文的语境来推断。
【技巧1】：结合与后文的关系来推断 理清文章的时间、过程、事情的发展以及文章的结构，结合所给选项中句子的内容，推断出正确答案。
【典例9】 [2022 黑龙江大庆节选] 38 . Luck desn’t just happen t yu—it cmes t yu when yu’re pen. Learning a new skill, visiting a new place and trying a new hbby are all great ways f creating yur chances. A. Try special things B. Try smething new
【点拨】根据38 空所在的位置，可判断此处为小标题形式，结合此段最后一句可知， 学习一项新技能，参观一个新地方，尝试一个新的爱好，可判断本句应该是：尝试新的事物。故选 ______。
【小露一手】Passage 9 9 . Start with “shwing up”. Then take ne small step r d ne tiny task, fllwed by anther and anther. Fr example, hw d I practice the pian? First, sit at it. Then, play ne nte at a time. A. I can’t start such a huge gal. B. T change a habit, try changing where yu spend yur time.
【点拨】结合下文：从“露面”开始。然后迈出一小步或完成一项微小的任务，然后是一个又一个。可知选项A“我不能开始这么大的目标。”符合语境。
【技巧2】：根据举例推断 即某句话是为了证明另一句话举的例子，常见的表达如：fr example 例如, such as 例如等。则此类选项为正确答案。
【典例10】Bld dnrs are thse giving bld—usually abut 200ml at a time—t bld banks r bld dnatin（捐赠）centers. 67 Fr example, smene may have lst bld in accidents, r have a serius illness that requires his bld t be replaced. Hspitals and bld banks stre the bld and try t keep enugh n hand. A. Dnating bld is nt difficult. B. Then the bld can be used fr peple in need.
【点拨】根据空后举的例子可知，失血多的人和生重大疾病要换血的人，他们急需血来挽救生命。分析备选项可知，B 项“ 血被用来给需要的人” 符合语境。故选 _____。
【小露一手】Passage 10 [2022 随州节选] The Frbidden City, r the Palace Museum, has been cnsidered a great ld museum fr a lng time. Hwever, the Palace Museum has designed sme cultural and creative prducts...
10 Fr example, the Natinal Museum f China has had similar prjects, t. China encurages mre and mre museums t take different measures（措施）t make yung peple interested in Chinese histry and culture. A. In China, sme ther museums als learned frm the Palace Museum. B. Lts f peple enjyed watching the dcumentary, especially the yung peple.
【点拨】结合上下文“然而，故宫博物院设计了一些文化创意产品。_____例如，中国国家博物馆也有类似的项目。”可知选项A“在中国，其他一些博物馆也向故宫博物院学习。”符合语境。
[2022 厦门质检阅读理解E 篇] If yu’re searching fr a simple place t stay fr a few nights, a capsule（ 胶囊）htel might ffer the perfect chice fr yu. 1
【点拨】结合上文“如果你正在寻找一个简单的地方住几晚，胶囊酒店可能会为你提供完美的选择。”可知选项C“胶囊酒店提供小房间和一些基本服务。”符合语境。
请同学们看《点拨中考》重难点突破第25页短文。
There’s little yu can d inside yur rm except sleep. Hwever, capsule htels usually prvide ther services. 2.
【点拨】结合上文“除了睡觉，你在房间里什么都做不了。然而，胶囊酒店通常提供其他服务。”可知选项D“客人可以使用共享浴室和用餐区。”符合语境。
T keep csts lw, the walls f the capsule htels are ften built frm plastic. The size f a rm is n larger than the length（长度）and width f a small bed. 3 In an expensive city like Tky, the cst f a rm at a capsule htel can be as lw as JPY ¥2,000 per night.
【点拨】结合下文“在东京这样一个昂贵的城市，胶囊酒店的客房价格可以低至每晚2000日元。”可知选项B“然而，它们可以帮助旅行者节省大量资金。”符合语境。
4 Since then, many Japanese lved the idea. Mre capsule htels pened thrughut the cuntry. Frm there, it spread t several ther natins such as China.
【点拨】结合下文“从那时起，许多日本人喜欢这个概念。”可知选项A“第一家胶囊酒店于1979年在日本建成。”符合语境。