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中考总复习英语（河北）第三部分 重难题型过关题型二·阅读理解课件
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这是一份中考总复习英语（河北）第三部分 重难题型过关题型二·阅读理解课件，共49页。PPT课件主要包含了目录河北·中考，细节理解题，类型1，推理判断题，类型2，主旨大意题，类型3，词义猜测题，类型4等内容，欢迎下载使用。
类型1 细节理解题类型2 推理判断题类型3 主旨大意题类型4 词义猜测题
细节理解题在阅读理解中占的比例较大。该题型主要针对原文中的具体信息发问,考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、某个事实或个别词句的理解。细节理解题命题形式多样,考查内容涉及多个角度。
方法一 直接搜寻答案 这类试题的答案几乎可以在原文中直接找到,不需要考生对事实作出解释或者判断,只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息即可(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。这类题比较简单,通常是原文再现:(1)题干中的关键信息点在文章中有直接具体的体现;(2)选项中的关键信息点在文中有直接具体的体现。
【典例1】 [2020河北阅读A篇节选] In class, students are sharing their dream jbs. Jacb: I'd like t be a muntain-climbing guide fr several reasns.Number ne, muntain climbing is very exciting. Muntain-climbing guides get t climb tall, dangerus muntains, right? Number tw, I enjy wrking utdrs and helping thers. Number three, muntain-climbing guides travel widely and meet many fun peple. ...
51.Jacb's dream jb is t be . A. a vet B. an animatr C. an accuntant D. a muntain-climbing guide
【思路指导】 根据题干中的"Jacb's dream jb"可定位到文章第二段中的"Jacb: I'd like t be a muntain-climbing guide",由此可知答案为D。
方法二 间接搜寻答案 为了更好地考查考生的综合思维能力,命题人往往会对具体信息进行处理,增加细节理解题的难度,这就需要考生综合多处信息进行理解。解答这类间接细节理解题时,虽然各细节信息在文章中都能找到,但需要考生具备一定的概括能力。一个细节理解题涉及一段或者几段的内容,考生需要进行概括后才能作答。
【典例2】 [2018河北阅读B篇节选] ... When he came back, his father gave him tw bright, new silver dllars. His face lighted up as he tk them. He had wished fr a lng time t buy sme pretty bks that he had seen at the bkstre. He left the huse with a light heart, expecting t buy the bks. As he ran dwn the street, he saw a pr family. "I wish yu a Happy New Year," said Edward, as he was passing n. The man shk his head.
"Yu are nt frm this cuntry?" said Edward. The man again shk his head, fr he culd nt understand r speak his language. But he pinted t his muth, and t the children shaking with cld, as if t say, "These little nes have had nthing t eat fr a lng time." Edward quickly understd that these pr peple were in truble. He tk ut his dllars, and gave ne t the man, and the ther t his wife. ...
50. Hw much did Edward give the pr family? A.One dllar. B.Tw dllars. C.Three dllars. D.Fur dllars.
【思路指导】 问题问的是爱德华给了那个贫困的家庭多少钱,根据文中的"When he came back, his father gave him tw bright, new silver dllars"和"He tk ut his dllars, and gave ne t the man, and the ther t his wife"可知,爱德华把父亲给他的两美元都给了那个贫困的家庭,故选B。
推理判断题在近几年阅读理解中的考查频率仅次于细节理解题,考查方向以推断细节隐含意义为主。在阅读测试中属于深层次理解题,它要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发, 运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。其答案一般不会在原文中直接呈现,考生需要分析、提炼和归纳文章提供的信息,然后才能找到正确的答案。 推理判断题涉及的范围很广,主要包括:推断细节隐含意义;推断文章来源或者读者对象;推断作者的写作意图;对文章内容进行预测;推断作者对某个人或事物的态度或评价等。
方法一 细节推断题的做题方法 细节推断题要求考生根据短文内容推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。考生可遵循以下解题方法:(1)先跳读,找到相关信息点;(2)接着细读,理解相关信息点的字面意思;(3)再分析推理,在理解字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,理解作者的言外之意,切勿把文章中非关键的细节内容作为推理的依据;(4)最后结合选项,找到与文章信息点所表达的意思相近的选项。 考生只有正确把握文章的内在联系,理解文章的真正含义,才能作出准确的推断。
【典例3】 [2020河北阅读B篇节选] ... Miss Mills said,"Dan did win! His next step is t rap n Natinal Rap Star n TV.We can all give Dan a big hand." The class clapped and cheered fr Dan.Miss Mills smiled. Miss Mills and his classmates were excited, but Dan threw himself nt his chair, silent. Dan culd nt rap n TV. In class, Dan culd nt d his physics. He culd nt think. Dan was nt a kid wh gt nervus a lt, but he did nt wish t rap n TV.Culd he be lucky again?Anyway,wh wanted t lse? Dan thught perhaps he wuld nt attend the natinal cmpetitin.Then he wuld nt have t rap n TV. ...
55.Why didn't Dan want t rap n TV? A. He gt nervus a lt. B. He was afraid t lse. C. He had t imprve his physics. D. He planned t cheer fr thers.
【思路指导】 根据文中的"Dan was nt a kid wh gt nervus a lt, but he did nt wish t rap n TV. Culd he be lucky again? Anyway, wh wanted t lse"可推知,丹不想参加全国赛在电视上说唱,是因为他怕输了比赛,故选B。
方法二 文章来源或读者对象推断题的做题方法 文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。推断文章出处是英语阅读理解中一个比较常见的考点,常用的技巧有:
1.根据文章的主要内容进行判断,如:介绍某产品性能的文章可能来自广告;介绍科学知识的文章可能选自科学杂志;介绍新型交通工具的文章可能来自报纸上有关科技的版块;介绍某处名胜或景点的文章可能出自旅游杂志等。 2.根据文章的关键信息进行判断,如:含有网址的文章可能出自网站;含有experiment, research等词的文章可能来自科学报告;含有admissin, cst, pening hurs等词或短语的文章可能来自旅行指南;含有fd, health等词的文章可能来自杂志或报纸的健康版块。
【典例4】 [2016河北阅读B篇节选] Welcme t the Art Museum! Yu've just stepped int ne f the wrld's greatest cllectins f art, cvering centuries f human creativity frm arund the wrld. With thusands f wrks n shw, yu may wnder hw t start yur visit, but we are here t help. On the back f this Visitr Guide, yu'll find directins t sme must-see wrks in ur cllectins — the "dn't miss" list fr the Art Museum. It's a great chice t start if yu are new t the museum. The fllwing pages include a clear flr plan f the museum and its cllectins. But because we have several buildings, the verlk (鸟瞰图) belw might be helpful.
Enjy yur visit and feel free t ask fr help and directins at any pint during yur stay.
56.The passage is a page frm . A. a tur map B. a newspaper C. a visitr guide D. a picture bk
【思路指导】 通读文章,特别是第一段中的"On the back f this Visitr Guide"可推知本文来自一家艺术博物馆的旅游指南。
方法三 态度倾向推断题和评述性推断题的做题方法 态度倾向推断题旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某人或某物所持的观点或态度,它要求考生具备在正确理解文意的基础上,对观点或态度倾向进行分析、判断的能力。 评述性推断题要求考生对文章所交代的人或事进行评价,此时要注意作者对相关人或事的细节描写。这些观点态度或评价通常隐藏在对人物的描写中,或者隐藏在作者对文中事物进行描述时所用的特殊词汇或句子中。
解答此类题目时应注意: 1.要区分开作者的态度和作者阐述的他人的态度; 2.切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点; 3.要特别留意描写环境、气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。
【典例5】 [2019河北阅读B篇节选] Tny, a nine-year-ld kid, is sitting at his desk when suddenly he wets(尿湿) his pants. He thinks his heart is ging t stp because he cannt pssibly knw hw this has happened. It has never happened befre. He knws the after-effects (后果) — When the bys find ut, he will never hear the end f it. When the girls find ut, they'll never speak t him again as lng as he lives. ...
As the teacher is walking t him, a classmate named Emily is carrying a glass that is full f water. Emily falls dwn in frnt f the teacher and drps the glass f water in Tny's pants. Tny seems t be angry, but all the while he is saying t himself, "Thank yu, dear! Thank yu, dear!" Nw all f a sudden, instead f being the persn that everyne laughs at, Tny is the persn f sympathy (同情). The persn that everyne laughs at shuld be him, but nw it is Emily. She tries t help, but they tell her, "Yu've dne enugh, yu stupid!"
At the end f the day, as they are waiting fr the bus, Tny walks ver t Emily and says in a lw vice, "Yu did that n purpse, didn't yu?" Emily says back in a quiet vice, "I wet my pants nce,t."51. We knw that Emily is a girl frm the passage. A. careless and lazy B. quiet and bright C. stupid and helpless D. kind and smart
【思路指导】 根据文中的"Emily says back in a quiet vice, ‘I wet my pants nce, t.'"可知埃米莉因为自己曾经也有相同的经历而机智地助托尼摆脱了尴尬的处境,由此可推知埃米莉是个善良、聪明的女孩。故选D。
方法四 预测推断题的做题方法 有些内容文章中没有明确提到,这就要求考生根据语篇内容,对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。做这类题时考生应把握作者的写作思路,从而作出准确的、合情合理的预测。
【典例6】 [2020河北阅读B篇节选] ... Dan's friends sensed smething was ging n his mind.They planned t give him sme help. When Dan gt t class the next day, he saw a sign n the wall. It said, "Dan, just rap like in ur classrm!" Dan smiled."Perhaps it's nt that hard t rap n TV," he thught.
56.What d yu think happened later accrding t the stry? A. Dan hated his friends fr their push. B. Dan frgt what he shuld rap n TV. C. Dan attended the natinal cmpetitin. D. Dan stpped rapping after the cmpetitin.
【思路指导】 根据文中丹所想的"Perhaps it's nt that hard t rap n TV"可推测,丹在同学们的助和鼓励下打消了顾虑,最终参加了全国赛。故答案为C。
主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,以及加工与概括信息的能力。题干中往往出现下列词语:tpic,title,main idea,mainly tell us,mainly abut等。 主旨大意题的考查方向: 1.概括整篇文章的中心思想(mainly abut); 2.选择最佳标题(best title); 3.分析归纳文章某部分的段落大意。
方法一 精确归纳标题的方法1.要想正确解题,首先要了解标题的基本特点:浓缩性强,多为一个短语;涵盖面 广,一般要求能覆盖全文;精确度高,不能随意改变文章的内容及要点信息。2.选定标题的基本原则 (1)要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切 的联系。 (2)看它对文章的概括是否准确,覆盖面是否够广。 注意避免出现概括 不够、过度概括、以具体细节代替主旨大意等错误。
3.选定标题的四大标准精——概括文章中心思想的语言要精练。准——注意文章的内涵和外延,作者的观点表达得要准确。统——标题要能统领全文信息。新——标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣。
【典例7】 [2020河北阅读D篇节选] Everyne needs help smetimes. Peple depend n ne anther.That's why cmmunities have special peple ready t lend a helping hand t anyne wh needs it. Fr example, what wuld we d withut a cmmunity fire statin? If a hme catches n fire, as the Jacksn's place did last week, it might be burned dwn and peple get wrse. We're s lucky t have firemen t cme t save peple and put ut the fire, safely.If the firemen hadn't cme s fast, the Jacksns might have lst everything.
And what abut ur lcal plice wh prtect ur families, ur hmes and valuable things? The plice have helped s many families this past year, especially saving peple and pets and prtecting ur huses and ther things after the heavy rains. ... Think again abut what we eat every day; think again abut what we wear every day.We cannt prduce them, but we use them all the time.We get a lt frm all these tireless wrkers wh keep ur cmmunity running.We need these peple in the cmmunity.We depend n each ther.Let's supprt each ther and help each ther.Only in this way can we make ur cmmunity a better place.
65. What is the best title fr the passage? A. Plicemen Save Peple's Lives B. Peple Depend n Each Other C. Service Wrkers D Imprtant Jbs D. Wrkers Keep Cmmunity Running
【思路指导】 通读文章可知本文作者通过具体实例告诉我们人与人之间是相互依赖的,同时,作者呼吁大家要相互支持,相互助。文章开篇中的"Peple depend n ne anther"和结尾处的"We depend n each ther"均明确指出了文章的主旨,故B项最适合作本文的标题。
方法二 概括文章大意的方法 每篇文章都有一个中心思想,获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁、概括性强等特点,起着统领全文的作用,文中的所有事实、细节都是为主题句服务的。主题句常出现在文章的首段或尾段。因此,我们要特别注意文章的首段和尾段。有的文章没有主题句,中心思想隐含在文章中,比如故事类题材的文章,这需要我们对文章的细节进行分析、归纳和总结,从而得到文章大意。
【典例8】 [2018河北阅读D篇节选] "Vlunteering makes yu lk at the wrld differently. Yu see hw little things can change a persn's life fr the better, which makes everyne a better persn," Masn, a vlunteer said. Natinal Vlunteer Week started in 1974 and is held every April. It is a time t thank vlunteers fr their achievements. It is als a perfect pprtunity(机会) t encurage thers t take their first step tward becming a vlunteer. Making the decisin t take the first step can be the biggest prblem, because they ften wnder if they will be able t meet the rganizatin's expectatins(期望). Sme peple fear nt knwing anyne else in the grup. Nt having enugh time als prevents sme frm sharing their abilities.
The fllwing tips can help if yu have sme f these wrries: ★ Start ut slwly, and dn't add t much pressure. Even a few hurs a mnth can make a big difference in smene's life. ... ★ Finally, it is mst imprtant t enjy the vlunteer experience and t remember that nt all vlunteer experiences are perfect. If ne experience desn't wrk, dn't give up and yu'll surely find the right pprtunity. Spend sme time n vlunteer wrk and yu will see great changes in peple's lives. As Masn discvered during his vlunteer experience, "…little things can change a persn's life".
60. What is the main idea f the passage? A.T tell peple t make changes in their lives. B.T encurage peple t start their vlunteering. C.Hw t make great achievements in vlunteering. D.Hw t keep n vlunteering whatever happened.
【思路指导】 通读文章,特别是最后一段中的"Spend sme time n vlunteer wrk and yu will see great changes in peple's lives"可知,文章旨在鼓励人们参加志愿者活动,故B项符合题意。
词义猜测题是考查考生英语语言能力和思维品质的一个重要形式,考查的单词或短语一般都超出了课标词汇表的范围,考生需要准确理解文章并掌握根据上下文猜测生词或短语意思的技巧。一般常见的解题方法有以下几种:方法一 通过上下文猜测词义 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及篇章有联系,考生可利用上下文提供的线索合理地分析,猜测词义。
【典例9】 [2020河北阅读D篇节选] ... Think abut all the ther service wrkers we have in this cmmunity.We have peple wh cllect waste and rubbish and keep ur cmmunity sanitary.We have rad wrkers wh put up and repair traffic signs and fix hles in the streets t prtect nt just us, but ur cars! And where wuld this cmmunity be withut the teachers in ur schl and the dctrs, and nurses in ur cmmunity hspitals? ...
63.What des the underlined wrd "sanitary" mean? A. Clean. B. Safe. C. Quiet. D. Busy.
【思路指导】 根据画线词前的"We have peple wh cllect waste and rubbish"可知社区里有人收集废弃物和垃圾,由此可推知他们使我们的社区变得很干净,故A项符合题意。
方法二 通过构词法猜测词义 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成而来的新词,考生可以根据构词法方面的知识来猜测词义。
【典例10】 [2020株洲节选] ... If yu cme t an American's hme, yu'd better let the hsts knw ahead f time unless yu're very clse friends, especially when yu want t stay fr a few days. Here's a gd rule fr guests: shrt stays are best. Even relatives, fr example, their aunts, uncles r cusins, dn't usually stay fr several weeks every time. While yu're staying with an American family, try t keep yur living area clean and tidy. Yur hst family will thank yu fr yur cnsideratin. And they may even invite yu back! ...
54.The underlined wrd "cnsideratin" in the furth paragraph means " " in Chinese. A. 体贴 B. 大方 C. 聪明
【思路指导】 cnsider有"仔细考虑;体谅"之意,此处cnsideratin为其名词形式,再根据画线词前的"当你和一个美国家庭待在一起时,尽量保持你居住的区域干净整洁"可推知,他们会感谢你的"体贴",故答案为A。
方法三 通过同义词、反义词猜测词义 在所给的上下文中,有时会出现与生词同义或反义的词语,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。
【典例11】 [2020天津节选] ... When yu grw yur wn fruits and vegetables, yu help cut dwn n pllutin because big trucks dn't need t take yur fd t shps.Yu als help reduce the amunt f rubbish because yu dn't need t use bags fr packing yur fd.Yu can just pick it ut f the grund r ff a plant and put it int a basket! ...
58.What des the phrase "cut dwn n" mean in Paragraph 5? A. Cause. B. Accept. C. Reduce. D. Expect.
【思路指导】 根据画线词后的"because big trucks dn't need t take yur fd t shps"以及"Yu als help reduce"可推知,cut dwn n和reduce同义,此处是说因为大卡车不必把你的食物送到商店里了,你就助"减少"了污染。故答案为C。
方法四 通过定义、解释或举例猜测词义 生词后往往有that is t say, that means, stand fr, in ther wrds等信息。有时such as, like, fr example等后面的内容也可助考生猜测生词的意思。
【典例12】 [2020哈尔滨节选] ... Mna Island is very small.The gvernment f Puert Ric(波多黎各) takes care f the island and has made it a natural reserve.That means the island's animals and plants are prtected frm being harmed by peple.Mna Island is different frm mst places because peple are nt allwed t live there.Only a few park wrkers are able t stay. ...
类型1 细节理解题类型2 推理判断题类型3 主旨大意题类型4 词义猜测题
细节理解题在阅读理解中占的比例较大。该题型主要针对原文中的具体信息发问,考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、某个事实或个别词句的理解。细节理解题命题形式多样,考查内容涉及多个角度。
方法一 直接搜寻答案 这类试题的答案几乎可以在原文中直接找到,不需要考生对事实作出解释或者判断,只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息即可(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。这类题比较简单,通常是原文再现:(1)题干中的关键信息点在文章中有直接具体的体现;(2)选项中的关键信息点在文中有直接具体的体现。
【典例1】 [2020河北阅读A篇节选] In class, students are sharing their dream jbs. Jacb: I'd like t be a muntain-climbing guide fr several reasns.Number ne, muntain climbing is very exciting. Muntain-climbing guides get t climb tall, dangerus muntains, right? Number tw, I enjy wrking utdrs and helping thers. Number three, muntain-climbing guides travel widely and meet many fun peple. ...
51.Jacb's dream jb is t be . A. a vet B. an animatr C. an accuntant D. a muntain-climbing guide
【思路指导】 根据题干中的"Jacb's dream jb"可定位到文章第二段中的"Jacb: I'd like t be a muntain-climbing guide",由此可知答案为D。
方法二 间接搜寻答案 为了更好地考查考生的综合思维能力,命题人往往会对具体信息进行处理,增加细节理解题的难度,这就需要考生综合多处信息进行理解。解答这类间接细节理解题时,虽然各细节信息在文章中都能找到,但需要考生具备一定的概括能力。一个细节理解题涉及一段或者几段的内容,考生需要进行概括后才能作答。
【典例2】 [2018河北阅读B篇节选] ... When he came back, his father gave him tw bright, new silver dllars. His face lighted up as he tk them. He had wished fr a lng time t buy sme pretty bks that he had seen at the bkstre. He left the huse with a light heart, expecting t buy the bks. As he ran dwn the street, he saw a pr family. "I wish yu a Happy New Year," said Edward, as he was passing n. The man shk his head.
"Yu are nt frm this cuntry?" said Edward. The man again shk his head, fr he culd nt understand r speak his language. But he pinted t his muth, and t the children shaking with cld, as if t say, "These little nes have had nthing t eat fr a lng time." Edward quickly understd that these pr peple were in truble. He tk ut his dllars, and gave ne t the man, and the ther t his wife. ...
50. Hw much did Edward give the pr family? A.One dllar. B.Tw dllars. C.Three dllars. D.Fur dllars.
【思路指导】 问题问的是爱德华给了那个贫困的家庭多少钱,根据文中的"When he came back, his father gave him tw bright, new silver dllars"和"He tk ut his dllars, and gave ne t the man, and the ther t his wife"可知,爱德华把父亲给他的两美元都给了那个贫困的家庭,故选B。
推理判断题在近几年阅读理解中的考查频率仅次于细节理解题,考查方向以推断细节隐含意义为主。在阅读测试中属于深层次理解题,它要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发, 运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。其答案一般不会在原文中直接呈现,考生需要分析、提炼和归纳文章提供的信息,然后才能找到正确的答案。 推理判断题涉及的范围很广,主要包括:推断细节隐含意义;推断文章来源或者读者对象;推断作者的写作意图;对文章内容进行预测;推断作者对某个人或事物的态度或评价等。
方法一 细节推断题的做题方法 细节推断题要求考生根据短文内容推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。考生可遵循以下解题方法:(1)先跳读,找到相关信息点;(2)接着细读,理解相关信息点的字面意思;(3)再分析推理,在理解字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,理解作者的言外之意,切勿把文章中非关键的细节内容作为推理的依据;(4)最后结合选项,找到与文章信息点所表达的意思相近的选项。 考生只有正确把握文章的内在联系,理解文章的真正含义,才能作出准确的推断。
【典例3】 [2020河北阅读B篇节选] ... Miss Mills said,"Dan did win! His next step is t rap n Natinal Rap Star n TV.We can all give Dan a big hand." The class clapped and cheered fr Dan.Miss Mills smiled. Miss Mills and his classmates were excited, but Dan threw himself nt his chair, silent. Dan culd nt rap n TV. In class, Dan culd nt d his physics. He culd nt think. Dan was nt a kid wh gt nervus a lt, but he did nt wish t rap n TV.Culd he be lucky again?Anyway,wh wanted t lse? Dan thught perhaps he wuld nt attend the natinal cmpetitin.Then he wuld nt have t rap n TV. ...
55.Why didn't Dan want t rap n TV? A. He gt nervus a lt. B. He was afraid t lse. C. He had t imprve his physics. D. He planned t cheer fr thers.
【思路指导】 根据文中的"Dan was nt a kid wh gt nervus a lt, but he did nt wish t rap n TV. Culd he be lucky again? Anyway, wh wanted t lse"可推知,丹不想参加全国赛在电视上说唱,是因为他怕输了比赛,故选B。
方法二 文章来源或读者对象推断题的做题方法 文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。推断文章出处是英语阅读理解中一个比较常见的考点,常用的技巧有:
1.根据文章的主要内容进行判断,如:介绍某产品性能的文章可能来自广告;介绍科学知识的文章可能选自科学杂志;介绍新型交通工具的文章可能来自报纸上有关科技的版块;介绍某处名胜或景点的文章可能出自旅游杂志等。 2.根据文章的关键信息进行判断,如:含有网址的文章可能出自网站;含有experiment, research等词的文章可能来自科学报告;含有admissin, cst, pening hurs等词或短语的文章可能来自旅行指南;含有fd, health等词的文章可能来自杂志或报纸的健康版块。
【典例4】 [2016河北阅读B篇节选] Welcme t the Art Museum! Yu've just stepped int ne f the wrld's greatest cllectins f art, cvering centuries f human creativity frm arund the wrld. With thusands f wrks n shw, yu may wnder hw t start yur visit, but we are here t help. On the back f this Visitr Guide, yu'll find directins t sme must-see wrks in ur cllectins — the "dn't miss" list fr the Art Museum. It's a great chice t start if yu are new t the museum. The fllwing pages include a clear flr plan f the museum and its cllectins. But because we have several buildings, the verlk (鸟瞰图) belw might be helpful.
Enjy yur visit and feel free t ask fr help and directins at any pint during yur stay.
56.The passage is a page frm . A. a tur map B. a newspaper C. a visitr guide D. a picture bk
【思路指导】 通读文章,特别是第一段中的"On the back f this Visitr Guide"可推知本文来自一家艺术博物馆的旅游指南。
方法三 态度倾向推断题和评述性推断题的做题方法 态度倾向推断题旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某人或某物所持的观点或态度,它要求考生具备在正确理解文意的基础上,对观点或态度倾向进行分析、判断的能力。 评述性推断题要求考生对文章所交代的人或事进行评价,此时要注意作者对相关人或事的细节描写。这些观点态度或评价通常隐藏在对人物的描写中,或者隐藏在作者对文中事物进行描述时所用的特殊词汇或句子中。
解答此类题目时应注意: 1.要区分开作者的态度和作者阐述的他人的态度; 2.切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点; 3.要特别留意描写环境、气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。
【典例5】 [2019河北阅读B篇节选] Tny, a nine-year-ld kid, is sitting at his desk when suddenly he wets(尿湿) his pants. He thinks his heart is ging t stp because he cannt pssibly knw hw this has happened. It has never happened befre. He knws the after-effects (后果) — When the bys find ut, he will never hear the end f it. When the girls find ut, they'll never speak t him again as lng as he lives. ...
As the teacher is walking t him, a classmate named Emily is carrying a glass that is full f water. Emily falls dwn in frnt f the teacher and drps the glass f water in Tny's pants. Tny seems t be angry, but all the while he is saying t himself, "Thank yu, dear! Thank yu, dear!" Nw all f a sudden, instead f being the persn that everyne laughs at, Tny is the persn f sympathy (同情). The persn that everyne laughs at shuld be him, but nw it is Emily. She tries t help, but they tell her, "Yu've dne enugh, yu stupid!"
At the end f the day, as they are waiting fr the bus, Tny walks ver t Emily and says in a lw vice, "Yu did that n purpse, didn't yu?" Emily says back in a quiet vice, "I wet my pants nce,t."51. We knw that Emily is a girl frm the passage. A. careless and lazy B. quiet and bright C. stupid and helpless D. kind and smart
【思路指导】 根据文中的"Emily says back in a quiet vice, ‘I wet my pants nce, t.'"可知埃米莉因为自己曾经也有相同的经历而机智地助托尼摆脱了尴尬的处境,由此可推知埃米莉是个善良、聪明的女孩。故选D。
方法四 预测推断题的做题方法 有些内容文章中没有明确提到,这就要求考生根据语篇内容,对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。做这类题时考生应把握作者的写作思路,从而作出准确的、合情合理的预测。
【典例6】 [2020河北阅读B篇节选] ... Dan's friends sensed smething was ging n his mind.They planned t give him sme help. When Dan gt t class the next day, he saw a sign n the wall. It said, "Dan, just rap like in ur classrm!" Dan smiled."Perhaps it's nt that hard t rap n TV," he thught.
56.What d yu think happened later accrding t the stry? A. Dan hated his friends fr their push. B. Dan frgt what he shuld rap n TV. C. Dan attended the natinal cmpetitin. D. Dan stpped rapping after the cmpetitin.
【思路指导】 根据文中丹所想的"Perhaps it's nt that hard t rap n TV"可推测,丹在同学们的助和鼓励下打消了顾虑,最终参加了全国赛。故答案为C。
主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,以及加工与概括信息的能力。题干中往往出现下列词语:tpic,title,main idea,mainly tell us,mainly abut等。 主旨大意题的考查方向: 1.概括整篇文章的中心思想(mainly abut); 2.选择最佳标题(best title); 3.分析归纳文章某部分的段落大意。
方法一 精确归纳标题的方法1.要想正确解题,首先要了解标题的基本特点:浓缩性强,多为一个短语;涵盖面 广,一般要求能覆盖全文;精确度高,不能随意改变文章的内容及要点信息。2.选定标题的基本原则 (1)要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切 的联系。 (2)看它对文章的概括是否准确,覆盖面是否够广。 注意避免出现概括 不够、过度概括、以具体细节代替主旨大意等错误。
3.选定标题的四大标准精——概括文章中心思想的语言要精练。准——注意文章的内涵和外延,作者的观点表达得要准确。统——标题要能统领全文信息。新——标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣。
【典例7】 [2020河北阅读D篇节选] Everyne needs help smetimes. Peple depend n ne anther.That's why cmmunities have special peple ready t lend a helping hand t anyne wh needs it. Fr example, what wuld we d withut a cmmunity fire statin? If a hme catches n fire, as the Jacksn's place did last week, it might be burned dwn and peple get wrse. We're s lucky t have firemen t cme t save peple and put ut the fire, safely.If the firemen hadn't cme s fast, the Jacksns might have lst everything.
And what abut ur lcal plice wh prtect ur families, ur hmes and valuable things? The plice have helped s many families this past year, especially saving peple and pets and prtecting ur huses and ther things after the heavy rains. ... Think again abut what we eat every day; think again abut what we wear every day.We cannt prduce them, but we use them all the time.We get a lt frm all these tireless wrkers wh keep ur cmmunity running.We need these peple in the cmmunity.We depend n each ther.Let's supprt each ther and help each ther.Only in this way can we make ur cmmunity a better place.
65. What is the best title fr the passage? A. Plicemen Save Peple's Lives B. Peple Depend n Each Other C. Service Wrkers D Imprtant Jbs D. Wrkers Keep Cmmunity Running
【思路指导】 通读文章可知本文作者通过具体实例告诉我们人与人之间是相互依赖的,同时,作者呼吁大家要相互支持,相互助。文章开篇中的"Peple depend n ne anther"和结尾处的"We depend n each ther"均明确指出了文章的主旨,故B项最适合作本文的标题。
方法二 概括文章大意的方法 每篇文章都有一个中心思想,获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁、概括性强等特点,起着统领全文的作用,文中的所有事实、细节都是为主题句服务的。主题句常出现在文章的首段或尾段。因此,我们要特别注意文章的首段和尾段。有的文章没有主题句,中心思想隐含在文章中,比如故事类题材的文章,这需要我们对文章的细节进行分析、归纳和总结,从而得到文章大意。
【典例8】 [2018河北阅读D篇节选] "Vlunteering makes yu lk at the wrld differently. Yu see hw little things can change a persn's life fr the better, which makes everyne a better persn," Masn, a vlunteer said. Natinal Vlunteer Week started in 1974 and is held every April. It is a time t thank vlunteers fr their achievements. It is als a perfect pprtunity(机会) t encurage thers t take their first step tward becming a vlunteer. Making the decisin t take the first step can be the biggest prblem, because they ften wnder if they will be able t meet the rganizatin's expectatins(期望). Sme peple fear nt knwing anyne else in the grup. Nt having enugh time als prevents sme frm sharing their abilities.
The fllwing tips can help if yu have sme f these wrries: ★ Start ut slwly, and dn't add t much pressure. Even a few hurs a mnth can make a big difference in smene's life. ... ★ Finally, it is mst imprtant t enjy the vlunteer experience and t remember that nt all vlunteer experiences are perfect. If ne experience desn't wrk, dn't give up and yu'll surely find the right pprtunity. Spend sme time n vlunteer wrk and yu will see great changes in peple's lives. As Masn discvered during his vlunteer experience, "…little things can change a persn's life".
60. What is the main idea f the passage? A.T tell peple t make changes in their lives. B.T encurage peple t start their vlunteering. C.Hw t make great achievements in vlunteering. D.Hw t keep n vlunteering whatever happened.
【思路指导】 通读文章,特别是最后一段中的"Spend sme time n vlunteer wrk and yu will see great changes in peple's lives"可知,文章旨在鼓励人们参加志愿者活动,故B项符合题意。
词义猜测题是考查考生英语语言能力和思维品质的一个重要形式,考查的单词或短语一般都超出了课标词汇表的范围,考生需要准确理解文章并掌握根据上下文猜测生词或短语意思的技巧。一般常见的解题方法有以下几种:方法一 通过上下文猜测词义 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及篇章有联系,考生可利用上下文提供的线索合理地分析,猜测词义。
【典例9】 [2020河北阅读D篇节选] ... Think abut all the ther service wrkers we have in this cmmunity.We have peple wh cllect waste and rubbish and keep ur cmmunity sanitary.We have rad wrkers wh put up and repair traffic signs and fix hles in the streets t prtect nt just us, but ur cars! And where wuld this cmmunity be withut the teachers in ur schl and the dctrs, and nurses in ur cmmunity hspitals? ...
63.What des the underlined wrd "sanitary" mean? A. Clean. B. Safe. C. Quiet. D. Busy.
【思路指导】 根据画线词前的"We have peple wh cllect waste and rubbish"可知社区里有人收集废弃物和垃圾,由此可推知他们使我们的社区变得很干净,故A项符合题意。
方法二 通过构词法猜测词义 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成而来的新词,考生可以根据构词法方面的知识来猜测词义。
【典例10】 [2020株洲节选] ... If yu cme t an American's hme, yu'd better let the hsts knw ahead f time unless yu're very clse friends, especially when yu want t stay fr a few days. Here's a gd rule fr guests: shrt stays are best. Even relatives, fr example, their aunts, uncles r cusins, dn't usually stay fr several weeks every time. While yu're staying with an American family, try t keep yur living area clean and tidy. Yur hst family will thank yu fr yur cnsideratin. And they may even invite yu back! ...
54.The underlined wrd "cnsideratin" in the furth paragraph means " " in Chinese. A. 体贴 B. 大方 C. 聪明
【思路指导】 cnsider有"仔细考虑;体谅"之意,此处cnsideratin为其名词形式,再根据画线词前的"当你和一个美国家庭待在一起时,尽量保持你居住的区域干净整洁"可推知,他们会感谢你的"体贴",故答案为A。
方法三 通过同义词、反义词猜测词义 在所给的上下文中,有时会出现与生词同义或反义的词语,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。
【典例11】 [2020天津节选] ... When yu grw yur wn fruits and vegetables, yu help cut dwn n pllutin because big trucks dn't need t take yur fd t shps.Yu als help reduce the amunt f rubbish because yu dn't need t use bags fr packing yur fd.Yu can just pick it ut f the grund r ff a plant and put it int a basket! ...
58.What des the phrase "cut dwn n" mean in Paragraph 5? A. Cause. B. Accept. C. Reduce. D. Expect.
【思路指导】 根据画线词后的"because big trucks dn't need t take yur fd t shps"以及"Yu als help reduce"可推知,cut dwn n和reduce同义,此处是说因为大卡车不必把你的食物送到商店里了,你就助"减少"了污染。故答案为C。
方法四 通过定义、解释或举例猜测词义 生词后往往有that is t say, that means, stand fr, in ther wrds等信息。有时such as, like, fr example等后面的内容也可助考生猜测生词的意思。
【典例12】 [2020哈尔滨节选] ... Mna Island is very small.The gvernment f Puert Ric(波多黎各) takes care f the island and has made it a natural reserve.That means the island's animals and plants are prtected frm being harmed by peple.Mna Island is different frm mst places because peple are nt allwed t live there.Only a few park wrkers are able t stay. ...
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