中考英语复习第一部分题型研究题型二（一）课件

这是一份中考英语复习第一部分题型研究题型二（一）课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了细节理解，图片理解，推理判断，词义词组猜测，代词指代，段落主旨 大意，标题归纳，写作目的 意图，文章出处，典例11等内容，欢迎下载使用。
选择型阅读通常会在以下九个题型对考生进行考查。
解题时重点把握题干的关键词，然后，利用关键词快速定位到文章中的对应的相关段落或句子，核对选项的意义和文章的意义是否一致；若有相似的，可否转换为选项中的表述。
一、细节理解（必考，6 年61 考）
【典例1】 [2022 福建阅读理解C 篇节选] “I was mst interested in the presentatin f the ‘water ball’ in a gravity-free envirnment. It’s really amazing,” said Rigzin Jigme Dje, a high schl student in Lhasa, Tibet. Describing himself as a lver f physics, Dje said the lessn helped him stay true t his dream f becming a physicist.
( )59. What d we knw abut Rigzin Jigme Dje?A. He liked drawing stars. B. He talked a lt abut his wrk.C. He was a primary schl student. D. He was fnd f physics.
【点拨】根据题干中的“Rigzin Jigme Dje” 直接定位到第二行，结合本段中的“Describing himself as a lver f physics，Dje said the lessn helped him stay true t his dream f becming a physicist.”，可知“ 他是喜欢物理的”。故选______。
二、图片理解（必考，6 年8 考）
首先，认真读图，明白图片描述的是什么内容，从中获取有效信息。然后回归原文，去原文中查找与图片相关的有效信息，将文中信息与图片信息相结合，从而得出答案。
【典例2】[2022 福建阅读理解C 篇节选] “Zer gravity!” Qian Shahng, anther student at the schl, shuted when he saw astrnaut Nie Haisheng making a shw f crssing his legs in mid-air. “Scientific knwledge has helped pen a windw fr the children t knw abut the wrld,” said Zhang Yini, a teacher at the schl.
( )57. Which picture shws Nie Haisheng’s bdy mvement accrding t the text?A. B. C. D.
【点拨】由此段第一句可知，聂海胜在零重力的空中做出一个交叉腿的动作，故选 _____。
【小露一手】Passage1 [2022 厦门质检·阅读理解A 篇节选]On an early mrning, the park was quiet. The staff（工作人员）f the park were busy cleaning the park and ding sme gardening. Mr. Ruddick was taking a walk there. It was a ht day and he was a little tired. He was walking twards his usual chair near the tree in the middle f the park when he nticed a man in frnt f him.
( )1. Mr. Ruddick went t the park t _____.A. d sme gardening B. clean the park C. repair the chair D. take a walk
【点拨】根据“Mr. Ruddick was taking a walk there.”可知答案。
Passage 2 [2022 厦门质检·阅读理解A 篇节选]They were bth running as fast as they culd. Finally, Mr. Ruddick caught up with the man. He thught he wuld get t the chair first. The man wanted t stp Mr. Ruddick, but he culdn’t. With a big grin n his face, Mr. Ruddick threw himself dwn n the chair. His grin didn’t last very lng, thugh. The ther man ran up t the chair, with a sign in hand. Mr. Ruddick lked at the sign, the chair and his clred clthes. He felt very flish.
( )2. Picture ______ shws the meaning f “grin”.A. B. C. D.
【点拨】根据“With a big grin n his face, Mr. Ruddick threw himself dwn n the chair. ”可知答案。
【技巧1 】根据上下文推理（必考，6 年14 考）在做推理判断的试题答案时，要综合文章上下文的相关信息后再进行分析推理，从而得出正确选项。
【典例3】[2022 福建阅读理解C 篇节选] The lessn als increased interest in space science amng teenagers living n the “rf（屋脊）f the wrld.” “I was mst interested in the presentatin f the ‘water ball’ in a gravity-free envirnment. It’s really amazing,” said Rigzin Jigme Dje, a high schl student in Lhasa, Tibet. Describing himself as a lver f physics, Dje said the lessn helped him stay true t his dream f becming a physicist.
The lessn als encuraged ther Tibetan schl children t relate the mysterius wrld f uter space t their hmetwn.( )60. After watching the space lessn, the Tibetan students _____.A. had a new view f their high schlsB. gt an amazing “water ball” in spaceC. increased an understanding f the rf f the wrldD. develped a deep interest in the wrld f uter space
【点拨】由开头句“The lessn als increased interest in space science amng teenagers living n the ‘rf （屋脊） f the wrld’. ”， 以及最后一句“The lessn als encuraged ther Tibetan schl children t relate the mysterius wrld f uter space t their hmetwn.” 可知，观看了太空课之后，西藏的学生们对外太空的世界产生了浓厚的兴趣。故选 _____。
【技巧2】抓住关键信息推理（必考，6 年7 考）在做推理判断题时，要抓住短文中的关键信息，如从与题目相关的某些单词、短语或句子中去进行分析、推理和判断，并利用正向推理或逆向思维，得出正确结论。
【典例4】When Frank saw a pster, he nt s nicely tld Jack that n ne wuld cme. Still, shrtly after sunrise n Saturday, Jack was n the beach digging in the sand. By mid-mrning, fur kids were sculpting（雕塑）the sandalngside him. By nn the number had increased a lt.( )58. When learning abut Jack’s plan, Frank was ____.A. dubtful B. interested C. satisfied D. nervus
【点拨】根据本段第一句可知当Frank 看到Jack 的海报时，他不太友好地告诉 Jack没有人会来，由此可推知Frank 对Jack 的计划抱着怀疑的态度。故选 _____。
【小露一手】Passage 3 [2022 泉州质检·阅读理解D 篇节选]The mst imprtant prblem is whether having a smart city will make us better at slving city prblems. Smart technlgies can’t slve prblems n their wn. Suppse AI prgrams discver a rad that needs t be repaired. It still requires peple t d the jb, desn’t it?
( )3. The example f a rad that needs t be repaired is used t shw _____.A. tech prducts break dwn regularly in smart citiesB. it is difficult and expensive t manage a smart cityC. smart technlgies can’t slve prblems n their wnD. many new technlgies becme utdated in five years
【点拨】根据“Smart technlgies can’t slve prblems n their wn. Suppse AI prgrams discver a rad that needs t be repaired. It still requires peple t d the jb, desn’t it?”可知答案。
Passage 4 [2022 龙岩质检·阅读理解B 篇节选]
请同学们看《点拨中考》重难点突破第9页短文。
( )4. Frm the last paragraph we can knw that Oleita _____A. has achieved the gal f her team B. wants 110 sleeping bags a mnthC. manages t prtect the envirnment D. mves t Nigeria with her family
【点拨】根据“We are devted t making an effect nt nly scially, but envirnmentally,” she says.可知答案。
【技巧1 】利用上下文语境猜测词义（词组）（必考, 6 年5 考) 每篇文章中的句子在内容上都与所在的段落及整篇文章有着紧密的联系。利用上下文提供的情境和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而猜测词义。
【典例5】[2022 福建阅读理解B 篇节选] S Anna had anther idea. She started inviting friends t her huse t help her make the cards. At first her friends were hesitant. Many said that they were nt artistic and didn’t knw hw t make cards. But nce they saw the beautiful materials that she had in her wrkrm, her friends felt mre cmfrtable ding things such as drawing and cutting in rder t make a new card.
( )53. What des the underlined wrd “hesitant” mean in Chinese? A. 坐立不安的 B. 犹豫不决的 C. 兴高采烈的 D. 心甘情愿的
【点拨】由此段第四句“Many said that they were nt artistic and didn’t knw hw t make cards.” 可知，她的朋友们起初犹豫不决。原因是他们不是艺术家，并且不知道怎样制作贺卡。所以hesitant 是表示“ 犹豫不决的”。故选 ____。
【技巧2】通过经验及生活常识等猜测词义（词组）（必考, 2019.61) 在做阅读理解时, 考生可以运用自身的实际生活经验及生活常识猜测词义。
【典例6 】Have yu ever heard the phrase “Yu never get a secnd chance t make a first impressin（印象）.” ? It may sund like an unusual piece f advice, but it is true—the first impressin smene has f yu when meeting yu fr the first time will prbably influence hw that persn treats yu r reacts t yu in the future.
( )61. What des the underlined wrd “reacts” in this paragraph prbably mean in Chinese? A. 回应 B. 道歉 C. 报告 D. 建议
【点拨】由画线单词所在句中的“the first impressin smene has f yu when meeting yu fr the first time will prbably influence hw that persn treats yu r reacts t yu in the future” 以及生活常识可推知，当某人第一次见到你时，你留给他的第一印象可能会影响他将来如何对待你或回应你。故选 _______。
【小露一手】Passage 5 [2022 漳州质检阅读理解B 篇节选] It was nt lng befre they lst their way. What was wrse, there were n rivers, springs r even water wells in sight. With their water running ut, they decided that the nly way t survive（生存）was t ratin the water that was left amng them. Every day, each persn culd drink just ne small cupful when they stpped fr the night.
( )5. What des the underlined wrd “ratin” mean in Chinese? A. 严格约束 B. 充分准备 C. 定量供给 D. 大量提供
【点拨】根据语境“由于他们的水快用完了，他们决定唯一的生存方式是_____他们的水。每天，每个人停下来过夜时只能喝一小杯。”可知答案。
Passage 6 [2022 南平质检阅读理解A 篇节选] Half fill the jar with warm water and allw the seeds t stand in it fr abut tw hurs. After this, turn the jar upside dwn t drain ff the water. The clth will stp the seed frm falling ut. ( )6. What des the underlined phrase “drain ff” mean? A. 排干 B. 装进 C. 保持 D. 枯竭
【点拨】根据语境“用温水将罐子装满一半，让种子在其中静置约两个小时。之后，把罐子倒过来，把水______。”可知答案。
五、代词指代（必考，6 年5 考）
代词指代的内容通常在离该词最近的上下文中，目标信息通常为名词、名词性短语等。要以明确所指内容是人还是物为切入口。
【典例7】[2022 福建阅读理解D 篇节选] Sme schls used t agree with mst parents wh measured（判定）the success f their children accrding t grades, but nw they pay special attentin t mral（道德的）educatin and character-building t make sure teenagers achieve success in building human relatinships.
( )61. What des the underlined wrd “they” refer t（指代）? A. Their classmates. B. Sme schls. C. Mst parents. D. Their children.
【点拨】句中提到，在过去，一些学校和大部分家长一致同意根据成绩判定孩子的成功与否，但现在他们特别注重道德教育和品格培养……因此，they 指代Sme schls。故选_____。
【小露一手】Passage 7 [2022 南平质检阅读理解A 篇节选] Sme cntests require a special animal. In May, bring yur chicken t the Chicken Flying Meet in Ri Grande, Ohi. Put yur chicken n the launchpad（发射台）. At the signal, give it a little push. If yur chicken flies the farthest, yu win a cash prize.
( )7. What des the underlined “it” refer t in the passage? A. The cntest. B. The launchpad. C. The signal. D. The chicken.
【点拨】根据语境“把你的鸡放在发射台上。听到信号，轻轻推一下。如果你的鸡飞得最远，你会赢得现金奖。”可知答案。
六、段落主旨/ 大意（必考，6 年8 考）
主旨大意题或段落大意题，都可以采取归纳总结的方式, 在阅读全文或整段的基础上，通过逻辑思维来进行分析然后加以归纳总结形成主题。
【典例8】[2022 福建阅读理解C 篇节选] At that time, he and mre than 100 ther disabled students were enjying the lessn given by Wang Yaping, wh talked abut mvements in micr-gravity（微重力）envirnments. “Zer gravity!” Qian Shahng, anther student at the schl, shuted when he saw astrnaut Nie Haisheng making a shw f crssing his legs in mid-air. “Scientific knwledge has helped pen a windw fr the children t knw abut the wrld,” said Zhang Yini, a teacher at the schl.
( )58. What is the passage mainly abut? A. Wang Yaping’s talk n micr-gravity envirnments. B. The influence f the space lessn n the disabled students. C. The effrts f the disabled students in a special schl. D. A 10-year-ld student’s dream f sending a rcket t the sky.
【点拨】由此段中“At that time, he and mre than 100 ther disabled students were enjying the lessn given by Wang Yaping” 和“Scientific knwledge has helped pen a windw fr the children t knw abut the wrld” 可知，先提到一百多名残疾学生在欣赏女宇航员王亚平授的太空课，后又提到科学知识已经帮助孩子们打开了解世界的窗口。用“太空课对残疾孩子们的影响” 概括最符合。故选 。
【小露一手】Passage 8 [2022 莆田质检阅读理解C 篇]
请同学们看《点拨中考》重难点突破第12页短文。
( )8. The passage is mainly abut ______. A. Chinese prcelain B. types f prcelain C. Jingdezhen prcelain D. histry f prcelain
【点拨】通读文章内容并结合“Jingdezhen, lcated in Jiangxi Prvince, is regarded as“the Prcelain Capital f China”. ”可知答案。
七、标题归纳（必考，6 年6 考）
在阅读文章时, 要注意文章中反复出现或强调的词汇或该词汇的同义或近义表达，该词汇就是我们理解文章主旨的关键点所在, 然后再分析选项内容是否切中文章的中心话题，是否与作者的写作意图相一致。
请同学们看《点拨中考》重难点突破第13页短文。
【典例9】 [2022 福建阅读理解D 篇节选]( )65. What can be the best title fr the text? A. The Value f Mral Educatin B. The Key t Discvering Hidden Ability C. The Meaning f Success t Teenagers D. The Way t Cmmunicate with Others
【点拨】文章阐释了学校改变只以分数论学生成败的旧观念，转而以道德、性格塑造来论青少年的成功，并阐述成功秘诀—— 勤勉、责任与有道德品质。文章中多次出现success 这个单词。故选 ______。
【小露一手】Passage 9 [2022 漳州质检阅读理解A 篇]
请同学们看《点拨中考》重难点突破第14页短文。
( )9. What is the best title fr this passage? A. Cl Winter Sprts. B. The Olympic Medal. C. The Olympic Spirit. D. The Stars f the Olympics.
【点拨】通读文章内容可知文章介绍了冬奥会上出现的滑雪、花样滑冰、钢架雪车等运动项目，选项A“酷炫冬季运动”概括准确。
八、写作目的/ 意图[ 2021 福建50 题]
此类题目要求考生推断出作者写此文章的目的。考生在解题时, 一般可结合文章的主旨大意和文体来推测作者的写作意图。
典例10 [2021 福建阅读理解A 篇节选]
( )50. The writer lists the apps in rder t _____. A. shw a result B. have a discussin C. give sme reasns D. prvide sme examples
【点拨】由文章第一句可知, 作者罗列这些应用程序是为了提供一些例子给读者们, 让他们从中获取灵感来参加比赛。故选 _____。
【小露一手】Passage10 [2022 长沙阅读理解D 篇节选改编]
请同学们看《点拨中考》重难点突破第15页短文。
( )10. What is the writer’s main purpse f writing the text? A. T tell peple the tters’ living habits. B. T teach peple hw t keep a pet tter. C. T call n peple t stp the tter pet trade. D. T shw peple hw the tters lk.
【点拨】根据最后“S, we shuld stp the tter pet trade and never share phts r vides abut them nline.”可知答案。
九、文章出处[ 2021 福建49 题；2020 福建65 题；2019 福建55 题]
此类题目可以根据文章的用词和格式，推断材料的出处。如: 报纸前会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称; 广告的用词和格式都很特殊; 也可以根据材料内容推断， 常考的有科学、文学等杂志、新闻报纸以及网站等。
请同学们看《点拨中考》重难点突破第16页短文。
( )65. In which sectin f a magazine can yu read the text? A. Health and sprt. B. Histry and culture. C. Science and technlgy. D. Ppulatin and envirnment.
【点拨】由节选内容尤其是最后一段的最后一句“Hwever, the experiment is a success, since it has prved that it is pssible fr plants t grw in space.” 可知, 本文最可能来自杂志的科技版块。故选_____。
【小露一手】Passage 11 [2022 宁德质检阅读理解A 篇]
( )11. In which sectin f the newspaper can yu read the text? A. Culture. B. Envirnment. C. Entertainment. D. Health.
【点拨】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了谷雨这一节气的含义、习俗和谷雨时期的注意事项。这一节气属于我国传统文化的一部分，因此本文出现在报纸的“文化”版块。
请同学们看《点拨中考》重难点突破第17页短文。
( )1. What can the smart devices in Paragraph 1 d? A. Farming. B. Business. C. Husewrk. D. Schlwrk.
【点拨】根据第一行“With smart devices（装置）cntrlled by AI, all husewrk can be dne while yu are asleep.”可知答案。
( )2. What des Little Q lk like? A. B. C. D.
【点拨】根据第五行“It is a cute rbt with a rund head, tw big eyes and tw lng legs”可知答案。
( )3. When can a visitr enter the science center? A. On Mnday mrning. B. On Sunday mrning. C. On Mnday afternn. D. On Sunday afternn.
【点拨】根据第三段“Opening Hurs: 1:00 p.m.—9:00 p.m., frm Tuesday t Sunday; clsed n Mnday.”可知答案。
( )4. Wh can be allwed t visit the center? A. A man with a cat. B. An 8-year-ld by alne. C. A man with his 3-year-ld sn. D. A girl with fd frm utside.
【点拨】根据第四段“Visitrs: Peple f all ages are welcme. Children under 12 shuld cme alng with their parents. N pets are allwed.”可知答案。