(通用版)高考英语二轮复习写作备考技巧专题04《定语从句+写作同义词总结》(含答案)

2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧

专题（四）定语从句+写作同类词合集

 在写作中运用定语从句不仅可以显示考生较好的语言运用能力，更能为写作增添色彩。所以考生一定要在平时练习时学会在书信应用文、概写和续写中尝试写定语从句，让作文整体显得漂亮和流畅。

一．   用于书面表达中定语从句的类型

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句

who，whom，whose，which，that，as等关系代词引导的定语从句在高考书面表达中屡见不鲜。尤其以as和which引导的非限制性定语从句更是司空见惯。

①.I’m qualified with every extra work that you want me to do. (2019全国一卷书面表达)

②.Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding. (2018北京高考书面表达)

③.As is known, I will be a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin. (2017年天津高考书面表达)

④.Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. (2016全国卷书面表达)

2. 关系副词引导的定语从句

when，where，why关系副词引导的定语从句也可以在高考书面表达中找到很多例子。在写这种类型的定语从句时，一定要注意关系词前面一些特殊的先行词，如：period，age，occasion，situation，case，point，reason等。

①.We are to meet on Sunday morning in the People’s Park, where the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful. (2017全国一卷书面表达)

②.They found the dangerous situation, where three men circled the wolf. (2017浙江高考书面表达)

③.I think the reason why you’re always angry may be the high pressure of study. (2014安徽高考书面表达)

3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of our school life.

二．   定语从句的写法

   定语从句对于考生来说相对较难灵活运用，所以一定要在平时的写作训练中多加练习。在写作中，可以采取以下的步骤训练。

1.      写出两个相关联的简单句；
2.      在其中一处简单句中找出需要修饰的词，这个词一定要在两个简单句中都有联系；
3.      把剩下的一个简单句改成定语从句，根据关系词的不同选择而对句子进行修改。若是关系代词，就要去掉这个简单句中的主语或者宾语。若是关系副词，则要删掉状语。

例一：The foreigner got arrested by the police.

      He picked a woman’s pocket on the bus.

先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分，即the foreigner。确定第一句为主句后，剩下的第二句要改写成定语从句。由于是代词做主语，所以考虑用关系代词who或者that引导定语从句，并删去第二句的主语he。

      The foreigner who/that picked a woman’s pocket on the bus got arrested by the police.

例二：A fire suddenly broke out in the theater.

     Without delay, Tom ran away from the theater.

先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分，即the theater。确定第二句作主句后，剩下的第二句为定语从句。由于in the theater是地点状语，所以考虑用关系副词where引导定语从句，并删去第一句的状语in the theater。

     Without delay, Tom ran away from the theater where a fire suddenly broke out.

     由于灵活运用定语从句对于考生来说有一定的难度，所以考生在书面表达中运用定语从句时会常犯一些错误，比如误用关系词，句子成分多余或残缺，把定语从句和其它从句混淆。这些都是考生需要注意的。后面的改错练习会涉及到一些定语从句写作中常见的错误。

提升训练

一．    请把下列的定语从句改正确。

1. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
2. I have a friend, who’s name is Liu Mei.
3. There were many students took part in the English competition.
4. The last one leaves the classroom is supposed to turn off lights.
5. As can be seen from the picture, that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.
6. Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.
7. Which is known, smoking is a bad habit that threatens people’s health.
8. His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn’t help.
9. There’re three members in my family and I’m the only one child, who is very common in China.
10. When travelling overseas, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.
11. I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the store.
12. On the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room.
13. The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days.
14. I gave that boy such a difficult math problem which he couldn’t work out.
15. During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, when air is fresh and people are friendly.

           题目一

          【答案】

1. I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
2. I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei.
3. There were many students who took part in the English competition.
4. The last one who leaves the classroom is supposed to turn off lights.
5. As can be seen from the picture, (去掉that) a sad boy stands between his angry parents.
6. Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up (去掉there) in my childhood.
7. As is known, smoking is a bad habit that threatens people’s health.
8. His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn’t help.
9. There’re three members in my family and I’m the only one child, which is very common in China.
10. When travelling overseas, you should follow the customs of the country which/that you are visiting.
11. I will never forget the day on which we went to buy guitars in the store.
12. On the third floor there are two rooms, one of which is used as a meeting room.
13. The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, where they plan to stay for three days.
14. I gave that boy such a difficult math problem as he couldn’t work out.
15. During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.

二．    用适当的关系词填空。

1. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ___________ uses it differently.
2. Our science teacher will serve as our guide, ____________ is expected to tell us something interesting about the Tiantai Shan.
3. Only those ____________ spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.
4. We’ll put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____________ the weather may be better.
5. We’ll spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, _____________ I hope will make them every happy.

题目二

【答案】1. which

        2. who

        3. who

        4. when

        5. which

三．    将下列的简单句合并成定语从句。

1. This is the best method. It can be used against pollution.

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. I’ve always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then.

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. I will go on a trip to Sichuan. There’re a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. I am on good terms with a friend. Her father works as an engineer.

_______________________________________________________________________________

5. Through the course of my schooling, I encountered many teachers. Two of them influenced me greatly.

_______________________________________________________________________________

题目三

【答案】1. This is the best method that can be used against pollution.

        2. I’ve always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent.

        3. I will go on a trip to Sichuan, where there’re a great number of places of interest.

        4. I am on good terms with a friend, whose father works as an engineer.

        5. Through the course of my schooling, I encountered many teachers, two of whom influenced me greatly.

四．    用定语从句完成下列句子。

1. 我们将在学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. 我无法遵守承诺是因为我叔叔马上要出国深造了。

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. 一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. 作为一名外向的学生，我善于同其他人交往，这使我对这个职位感到自信。

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

5. 我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过遇到各种问题的难关。

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

题目四

【答案】1. We’re going to learn some Chinese poems which/that were written in the Tang Dynasty.

        2. The reason why I can’t keep my word is that my uncle will go abroad for further studies soon.

        3. There are four seasons in a year, each of which has distinctive features.

        4. As an outgoing student, I am skilled at communicating with others, which makes me feel confident about      this position.

        5. As we all know, our friends will lend us a helping hand when we need help and they will help us get through difficult situations where we will be faced varieties of problems.

写作同义词总结

    由于在有限的词汇量和紧张的时间里，许多考生写的作文常常平淡无味，缺乏文采和感染力。因此，考生平时练习书面表达的时候，要多注意并多积累一些同义词的表达和替换，并把它们加以应用。这样写的作文，不管是书信应用文，概写或者续写，才会大放异彩，夺得高分。以下两个部分是关于一些动词、名词、形容词和副词短语等词的同义词集合，仅供参考。

 一．笼统词转变为具体词。

1. good: amazing令人大为惊奇的；pleasant令人愉快的，宜人的；fantastic/fabulous极好的；outstanding出色的；terrific极好的，绝妙的；excellent 优秀的；

2. bad: awful糟糕的，可怕的；terrible糟糕的，可怕的；unpleasant令人不快的；disgusting 令人恶心的

3. happy: cheerful兴高采烈的；delighted快乐的；pleased高兴；amused 逗乐的；content满意的

4. sad: depressed沮丧的；gloomy悲观的；upset不高兴的；frustrated 懊恼的；disappointed失望的

5. pretty: appealing 有吸引力的；lovely 美丽的；attractive 吸引人的；charming 有魅力的；elegant 优雅的；adorable 可爱的

6. big: large 大的；huge 巨大的；giant 巨大的；enormous庞大的；immense 巨大的

7. say: speak 说，演讲；chat 聊天；comment评论；reply 回复；remark 说起，评论；review 评论，复习；declare 宣布；state 陈述；exclaim 惊叫；shout 大声喊；whisper低声说；announce 宣布，通知；respond 答复，回应；boast 自夸；explain 解释，说明；clarify 澄清；claim 声称；criticize 批评，评论；interpret 口译，解释

8. like: admire 欣赏，仰慕；approve 同意，赞成；treasure 珍视；fancy 爱慕；appreciate 欣赏，感谢；cherish 珍爱；desire 渴望；enjoy 喜爱，欣赏，享受；be addicted to  对……上瘾； be crazy about  对……着迷；be fond of 喜欢……；be keen on  喜爱……；have a fancy for  喜欢……；take pleasure in  以……为乐

9. run: speed快速前行；hurry 匆忙；jog 慢跑；rush 冲向；race 快速移动；dash 猛冲，急驰；flee（过去式为fled）逃跑

10. look: gaze/stare at 凝视；examine（仔细地）检查；glance at 瞥一眼；view观看；observe观察；watch 注视，看守；inspect 视察；notice 注意到；spot 发现；glare at 怒视；recognize 认出；make out 看清；catch sight of 看见；catch a glimpse of 瞥见

11. ask: interview访问；question问，审问

12. listen: hear听到；pick up 接收（信号、声音、图像等）；overhear偶然听到

13. want: look forward to期望；long for 渴望；be dying for 渴望；be eager to do sth./for sth.想要……；渴望；be anxious to do sth./for sth.想要，渴望

14. shout: cry 呼喊；scream 尖叫；moan 呻吟；sigh 叹息；quarrel 争吵

15. go: climb 爬行；jump 跳跃；skip 蹦蹦跳跳地走；slip溜走；enter 进入；move 移动，搬迁；drive 驾驶；ride 骑；fly 快速移动；crawl 匍匐前进

16. have: occupy 占有；hold 拥有，持有（见解等）；own 拥有（强调所有权）；possess 具有（某种品质、才能、特点或性能等）；keep 保有；enjoy 享有；be blessed with 享有

17. money: possession 个人财产，私人物品；wealth 钱财；belongings 财产，财物；fortune 巨款；treasure 珠宝，金银财宝

二．其它常见写作词汇的多种表达。

1. “优缺点”: advantage优势，有利条件；disadvantage劣势，不利条件；strength 优势，优点，体力； shortcoming缺点；drawback 缺点

2. “专心于；集中注意力”: be absorbed in 专心于；be addicted to 沉迷于；be buried in 埋头于；be devoted to 致力于；be engaged in专心于；be involved in 专注于；be lost in 陷入，专心致志于；be occupied in 忙于；concentrate on 专心于；fix one's mind/attention on 集中注意力于；focus on 集中注意力于；pay attention to注意；put one’s heart into 集中注意力于

3. “反复”: over and over again 反复，多次；over and over 反复，再三；time and time again 一再；time and again 一再，屡次；again and again 反复，再三地

4. “立刻；马上”: at once；right away/now；in no time；instantly；immediately；in a flash

5. “人物性格特点”: active 积极的，活跃的；confident 有信心的；creative/innovative 富有创造力的；cruel 残忍的；devoted/dedicated 有献身精神的；energetic/lively 有活力的；enthusiastic/passionate 充满热情的；generous 慷慨的；mean 吝啬的；selfish 自私的；selfless 无私的；warm­hearted 热心肠的；indifferent/stony 冷漠的

6. “适应”: adapt (oneself) to /adjust (oneself) to 适应；agree with 适宜；与……一致；fit in 相适应；相融合；get along/on well with… 和……相处很好

7. “照看/照顾某人”: attend to/on/upon sb；care for sb.；look after sb.；show consideration for sb.；take care of sb.

8. “与……有关”: be concerned with；be involved in；be related to；be relevant to；have something to do with；be connected with

9. “除……以外”: apart from 除……外(还有/没有)；as well as 除……之外还有；aside from 除……外(还有/没有)；besides 除……外(还有)；except for 除了(不好的部分)；in addition to 此外；in addition 此外(单独使用)；with an exception to 除……外没有

10. “出现与消失”: appear vi. 出现；die out 灭亡；逐渐消失；disappear vi. 消失；失踪；show up/turn up 出现； come into being 形成；extinct adj. 灭绝的

11. “相信”与“不相信”: belief n．信任，信心，信仰；convince vt.使确信；faith n．信任，信仰；reliable/trustworthy/dependable adj.可靠的； unbelievable/incredible adj.难以置信的；trusting adj. 轻信的

12. “同意与反对”: agree vi.同意；approve vt. & vi.批准，赞成；disagree vi.不同意；object vi.反对；oppose vt.反对,反抗；reject vt.抛弃，拒绝；support n. & vt. 支持，拥护；advocate vt. 主张，支持；dismiss vt. 不予考虑；turn down 拒绝

13. “犯罪”: accuse sb. of 控告；charge sb. with 控告；commit vt.犯(罪)；crime n．罪行；guilt n．罪行；punish vt.惩罚；sentence n.&vt.判决；suspect v．怀疑；猜想　n．犯罪嫌疑人；trial n. 审讯；question vt. 审问

14. “小心；当心”: be careful 小心；look out 当心；take care 小心；look/watch out (for) 当心；be mindful of 留心；mind vt. 当心，注意

15. “因此, 因为”:as a result/consequence 结果，因此；consequently adv. 所以；so adv.&conj. 因此；所以； therefore adv. 因此；所以；thus adv. 因此；于是；because of/due to/owing to/ as a result of/ on account of 因为

16.  “导致”: account for 解释，导致；bring about 导致；contribute to 促成；lead to 造成；result in 导致；give rise to 导致；

17. “被困”: be trapped in/be stuck in/be caught in 被困在……

18. “方法”: the approach to doing sth./ the way to do/of doing sth./ the means of doing sth./ the method of doing sth. 做某事的方法；in this way/by this means/with this method用这种方法

19. “主要的，首要的，重要的”: chief adj.首要的；main adj. 主要的；major adj. 主要的，重要的；primary adj. 主要的，首要的；principal adj. 主要的，首要的；fundamental adj. 根本的； significant adj. 重要的；essential/necessary adj. 必要的

20. “通常；总之”:  in general/ as a rule/generally (speaking) /on average 通常，一般而言；in a word/all in all/ in conclusion/in short/in brief /on the whole /to sum up/in a nutshell/to conclude 总之

21. “偶尔；有时”: now and then/on occasion/from time to time/at times /once in a while 偶尔，有时； occasionally adv. 偶尔

22. “观点；态度”: positive/approving/favorable/supportive/optimistic/enthusiastic 积极的；negative/disapproving/pessimistic 消极的；subjective 主观的；objective/neutral 中立的；doubtful/suspicious/skeptical 怀疑的；critical 批评的

23. “不管；不顾”: regardless of 不管，不顾；despite prep. 尽管，不管；in spite of 尽管，不管

当然，这些总结的同义词对于书面表达中词汇的运用还可能稍嫌不够，所以考生在平时学习的时候，可以多查阅词典做更多的补充和总结，以便丰富自己的写作词库做到有的放矢。