(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题1第1讲谓语动词 第三课时 主谓一致 (含答案)
展开eq \a\vs4\al(语法填空)
【典题试做】
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are(be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it is(be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are__remved(remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast fd is(be) full f fat and salt; by eating mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
5.(全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw is(be) ften acceptable.
eq \a\vs4\al()
近几年高考对主谓一致的考查主要是语法一致和意义一致,就近一致相对来说考查较少,并且常常将主谓一致与动词的时态、语态结合起来进行综合考查。
eq \a\vs4\al(短文改错)
【典题试做】
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classrm is a place fr learning and that include learning frm textbks, and mistakes as well. include→includes
2.(全国卷Ⅱ)My dream schl lk like a big garden. lk→lks
1.名词或代词作主语时主谓一致错误;
2.非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误;
3.倒装句的主谓一致错误;
4.“就近”与“就远”原则的错用。 eq \a\vs4\al()
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
(湖南卷)All the scientific evidence shws that increasing use f chemicals in farming is damaging ur health.
所有的科学证据都表明,在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
Everything is in a cmplete mass, which drives peple crazy. 所有的事情都毫无头绪,让人发疯。
What he said is far frm the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
2.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语,如with, tgether with, as well as, like, but, except, alng with, rather than, including, in additin t等,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brthers, was given a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村庄时,受到了热烈的欢迎。
I think Tm, rather than yu is t blame fr the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
3.and, 连接两个不同的主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
Steam and ice are different frms f water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
■名师点津
如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词,表示同一人、同一物或同一概念,或表示不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(2020·湖北十二校联考)The writer and prfessr, wh I ften refer t at the meetings, is ppular amng thse peple. 我在会议上经常提到的那位作家兼教授,在那些人中很受欢迎。
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
This is ne f the nvels that have ever been written by M Yan. 这是莫言所写的小说之一。
She is the nly ne f the girls wh sings well in class.
她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。
5.“many a/mre than ne+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each, every, n所修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had t g thrugh this same painful prcess. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party held n Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, grup, public, cmmittee, gvernment, audience等。
The whle class, which is made up f twenty bys and fifteen girls were tld t stay behind after schl t have an imprtant meeting yesterday.
这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下来开一个重要的会。
■名师点津
形式为单数但意义为复数概念的plice, peple等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The plice are searching fr the murderer in the muntain. 警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。
2.“分数/百分数/the majrity+f+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, sme, half, mst, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Abut ne third f the bks are wrth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Altgether mre than 70 percent f the surface f the earth is cvered by water. 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
3.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.
病人已被治愈,失踪的人也都找到了。
4.a quantity f后既可接不可数名词,也可接可数名词复数;谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities f后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词,谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity f time has been wasted n the prject.
大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。
With mre frests being destryed, huge quantities f gd earth are being washed away each year.
由于更多的森林被毁,每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
5.“a number f+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,“the number f+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The number f peple invited was ne hundred, but a number f them were absent fr different reasns. 收到邀请的总共有100人,但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。
6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thusand dllars is quite a lt f mney fr a by.
对于一个男孩来说,3 000美元是一笔大数目。
就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由r, , , nt (als)..., 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
Nt nly Jhn and Tm but als their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the pian lessns. 不仅是约翰和汤姆,就连他们的妹妹玛丽,也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。
(湖南卷)Either yu r ne f yur students is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.
你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
2.在there be句型中,若有几个并列成分作主语,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three bks and a pen n the desk.
桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
正确判断主谓一致
分析句子成分,找准句子主语,判断句子主语是单数还是复数。再根据主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则及就近一致原则判断谓语动词的单复数。
[例] (福建卷)The famus musician, as well as his students, ____________(invite) t perfrm at the pening ceremny f the 2012 Taipei Flwer Exp.
[分析] was invited as well as 连接并列主语时,谓语动词应和其前的主语保持人称和数的一致,故谓语动词应与The famus musician在数上保持一致,故用第三人称单数形式;且musician与invite之间为被动关系,再根据句中标志词at the pening 可知,应使用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was invited。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2020·陕西汉中3月联考)The brain benefits were__seen(see) amng peple wh ate rughly ne and a third cups f raw greens a day, r abut a halfcup f cked dark, leafy greens.
2.(2020·唐山一模)As we all knw, eye cntact is a natural part f mst casual cnversatin, which is(be) nt always s exciting but always imprtant.
3.(2020·四川叙州一中月考)This land f high muntains and dense frests is(be) the cradle f Chinese revlutin.
4.(2020·攀枝花统考)In fact, such prgrams that prmte traditinal ancient relics have__becme(becme) ppular in recent years.
5.(2020·四川双流中学月考)The graduatin ceremny takes place at the end f May r beginning f June, which usually includes(include) music, awards, and a guest speaker.
6.(2020·泰安二模) As the 5G era appraches(apprach), ne f the key cncerns fr telecm peratrs will be hw they can use 5G netwrks t meet the needs f highdensity areas.
7.(2020·烟台期末)Feeding birds is(be)gd fr everyne.Birders enjy watching the birds, while the birds get enugh fd t survive in big cities.
8.(2020·济南二模)The difference is that mst Chinese papercuts are red, while thse in ther cuntries are(be) ften made in many ther clrs.
9.(2020·温州适应性测试)Hwever, peple wh have dne related researches believe that the full mn affects(affect) human behavirs t sme degree.
10.Jhn as well as the ther children wh have n parents is__being__taken(take) gd care f in the village nw.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·四川棠湖中学月考)Since the event aims t help mre peple learn abut the traditinal Chinese culture, the staff, all the students and their parents as well as anyne interested in it is welcme. is→are
2.(2020·广西八市调研)Here are my advice n hw t make gd preparatins fr yur speech.are→is
3.(2020·拉萨中学月考)Nw the city wants larger lrries that cause mre pllutin t use alchl, which are prduced frm grain. are→is
4.Each student learn a freign language, mstly English, frm Day One f their cmpulsry educatin.learn→learns
5.He has dnated sme mney t thse wh live in pverty, which are f great help. are→is
6.At present, nt nly Mary and I but als Jane are tired f having ne exam after anther.are→is
7.Last mnth, the family as well as their dg, was trapped n the rf by the fld. was→were
8.There are a dg and three ducks in the yard, in the middle f which are tw tall trees with great shade.第一个are→is
9.What they need mst is mney while what we need mst is textbks. 第二个is→are
10.Mre than ne dctr were invlved in the rescue that tk place after the earthquake. were→was
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·河南名校联盟联考)Thanksgiving is always n a Thursday.The day after it has been knwn as Black Friday,1.which is the start f the hliday shpping seasn, and 2.has__been(be) the busiest shpping day f the year in the US since 2005.
Mst stres ffer big sales n Black Friday.They pen their drs quite early in the mrning and try t attract shppers 3.with big discunts.Black Friday is a great time t g 4.shpping(shp).Hwever, there are prblems.The 5.biggest(big) ne is 6.that there are nt enugh lwpriced items.These items are in great need, s peple stand in lng lines 7.t__get(get) them.They may wait three t fur hurs befre a stre pens.They may be hping t get a TV r a cmputer at a lw price, 8.but nt everybdy can get ne.Sme peple leave, 9.disappinted(disappint).
The situatin makes peple wrried.Sme Black Friday events have been crazy.There have been fights ver tys amng shppers.Sme wrkers have even been hurt by large 10.crwds(crwd).But mst Black Friday events are safe and fun.Still, if yu plan t g, yu will expect a large number f peple and a bit f pushing.
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2020·陕西汉中联考)Last Friday, ur class was invited an ld craftsman t teach us hw t making dugh figurines(面人).When the craftsman came int the classrm, we gave him warm welcme and tw bys helped him with the tl bx.First, he shws us the basic steps and skills f making dugh figurines.We std arund him r watched attentively.Then we started t have a try itself.The ld man walked arund and helped us patient.Finally, we put the figurines we made n the table and tk pictures with the ld craftsman.Lking n the figurines, we were all very exciting.We hpe we can have mre activity f this kind!
答案:
Last Friday, ur class eq \(was,\s\up0(\)) invited an ld craftsman t teach us hw t eq \f(making,make) dugh figurines(面人).When the craftsman came int the classrm, we gave him eq \(\s\up7(∧, a)) warm welcme and tw bys helped him with the tl bx.First, he eq \f(shws,shwed) us the basic steps and skills f making dugh figurines.We std arund him eq \f(r,and) watched attentively.Then we started t have a try eq \f(itself,urselves).The ld man walked arund and helped us eq \f(patient,patiently).Finally, we put the figurines we made n the table and tk pictures with the ld craftsman.Lking eq \f(n,at) the figurines, we were all very eq \f(exciting,excited).We hpe we can have mre eq \f(activity,activities) f this kind!
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