(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题3第1讲　冠　词 (含答案)

这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题3第1讲　冠　词 (含答案)，共9页。

eq \a\vs4\al(语法填空)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we gt a call saying she was shrt­listed, we thught it was a jke.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver the past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I’m face­t­face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at the tp f her lungs.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are remved frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.As a__ result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the rad, laying the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as a mdel in New Yrk.
eq \a\vs4\al()
冠词在语法填空中的考查点主要为冠词表泛指、特指的基本用法以及常见的固定搭配中的冠词。
eq \a\vs4\al(短文改错)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly ftball fell just in frnt f me and almst hit me. 在ftball前加a
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Each f my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. an→a
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter hliday, I went t cuntryside with my father t visit my grandparents. 在cuntryside前加the
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I lved t watch cartns, but n matter hw many times I asked t watch them, my parents wuld nt let me.the→a
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember hw hard first day was. 在first前加the/my
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far frm the schl, and it takes them abut a hur and a half t g t wrk every day. 第一个a→an/ne
1．不定冠词a和an的错用；
2．不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用；
3．单数可数名词前冠词的缺失；
4．冠词的多余；
5．常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余。 eq \a\vs4\al()
不定冠词
不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用于第一次提到或出现的可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
At that time, I was wrking in a factry.The factry prduces car parts.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产汽车部件。
(2)用于可数名词单数前，泛指一类人或事物，或指同类中的“一个”。
(福建卷)The“Chinese Dream”is a dream t imprve peple’s well­being and a dream f harmny, peace and develpment. “中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
(3)表示数量“一”，但不强调数量概念；或表示“任何一个”。
(北京卷)Later that mrning, Dari suggested that they write a letter t their neighbrs and aplgize fr their playing. 那天上午晚些时候，达里奥建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信，为他们弹钢琴这件事道歉。
(4)用于表示人名的专有名词前，表示“一个叫……的人，一个类似……的人，一部……的作品”。
(四川卷)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely t be a Beethven. 布莱恩在创作音乐上很有天赋，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。
(浙江卷)Experts think that the recently discvered painting may be a Picass.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
2．不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
(北京卷)First impressins are the mst lasting.After all, yu never get a secnd chance t make a first impressin.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟，你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用在某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词有success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, cmfrt, hnur等。
(山东卷)Being able t affrd a drink wuld be a cmfrt in thse tugh times. 在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knwledge, cllectin, understanding等后面加f...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (gd) knwledge f...“精通……”；have a (clear/gd) understanding f...“了解……”。
If yu dn’t have a gd knwledge f English, it’s ut f the questin fr yu t use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不能精通英语，那么灵活而流利地运用它是不可能的。
3．不定冠词用于固定搭配中
all f a sudden 突然
as a matter f fact 事实上
at a lss 不知所措；困惑
pay a visit t 参观；拜访
be/g n a diet 节食
give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车
have a gift fr... 在……方面有天赋
have a wrd with 与……谈话
make a fl f 愚弄
in a hurry 匆忙地
in a way 在某种程度上
keep an eye n 留意；留神
make a living 谋生
a waste f... 浪费……
nce in a while 偶尔
as a result/cnsequence 因此
定冠词
1．定冠词的基本用法
(1)前面已提及的人或物再次被提到时，或谈话双方都知道的人或物前，一般要加定冠词，表特指。
Take yur time—it’s just a shrt distance frm here t the restaurant.
不要着急，从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。
(2)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前，表特指。
(重庆卷)I just heard the bank where Dra wrks was rbbed by a gunman wearing a mask. 我刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。
(3)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。
The Smiths went n an arund­the­wrld trip.
史密斯一家去环球旅行了。
Sldiers came t rescue thse buried under the ruins, and the gvernment prvided fd, clthes and shelters fr the hmeless. 士兵们来营救那些被埋在废墟下的人，政府为无家可归者提供食物、衣服和庇护所。
(4)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
It’s said that crn was grwn a lt in Tibet in the 17th century. 据说在十七世纪玉米在西藏被大量种植。
(5)在形容词或副词的最高级或序数词前或由nly, very, same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。
(陕西卷)As is knwn t all, the Peple’s Republic f China is the biggest develping cuntry in the wrld.
众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
■名师点津
a与mst连用，位于形容词之前时，mst是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与mst连用，位于形容词或副词之前时，mst是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。
2．定冠词用于固定结构及固定短语中
(1)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hur/dzen等)”结构中，表示“按……计算”。但size, weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
(江西卷)—It’s said Jhn will be in a jb paying ver $60，000 a year.
——据说，约翰将拥有一份年薪超过6万美元的工作。
—Right, he will als get paid by the week.
——是的，他的工资也将按周支付。
(2)用于“动词(hit, strike, pull, take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。
hit sb.n the head 打某人的头
pull/take sb.by the hand 拉/抓住某人的手
strike sb.in the face 打某人的脸
(3)用于the＋比较级， the＋比较级(越……就越……)结构中。
The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu will make. 你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
(4)用于固定搭配中：
at the mment 此刻，目前
by the way 顺便说一下
in the way 阻碍；挡路
g t the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧
in the distance 在远处
in the habit f 有……的习惯
make the mst/best f 充分利用
nt in the least 一点也不
n the cntrary 与此相反
n the ther hand 另一方面
the ther day 几天之前
t tell (yu) the truth (跟你)说实话
t the pint 中肯，切题
take the place f 代替
fr the time being 暂时
零冠词
1．零冠词的基本用法
(1)复数名词、不可数名词、抽象名词或物质名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。
(2018·北京卷)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes f anger are varius. 当我们感到愤怒时，愤怒似乎很简单，但愤怒出现的原因却多种多样。
(江西卷)The Smiths dn’t usually like staying at htels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice htel by the sea. 史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。
(2)名词前已有this, that, my, yur, sme, each, n, any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等限定词作定语时不用冠词。
(2018·天津卷)Fire extinguishers are lcated n each flr and in each apartment.
灭火器安置在每栋公寓的每个楼层。
(3)表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。
(四川卷)Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster f the schl, tld us，“A fifth f pupils here g n t study at Oxfrd and Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”
(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
Of all the subjects, I like histry best because it gives us a useful knwledge f things in the past.
在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有用的知识。
■名师点津
表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等的名词前有修饰语或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等时，其前要用冠词。
Accrding t the weather reprt, we will have a very ht summer this year.
根据天气预报，我们今年将会度过一个非常炎热的夏天。
The nly thing the wdman had was a gd supper f a big sausage.
樵夫拥有的唯一东西就是一大根香肠作为丰盛的晚餐。
(5)系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。
After years f hard wrk, Tm turned engineer while Mary became a gd manager. 多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一个出色的经理。
2．零冠词用于固定结构及固定搭配中
(1)用于“零冠词＋as/thugh＋主语＋谓语＋主句”结构中，意为“虽然……但是……”。
Gd chice as/thugh it may be, he has decided t give it up.
尽管这可能是一个不错的选择，但他还是决定放弃了。
(2)用于固定搭配中：
at dawn/dusk/night/nn 在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午
n/catch fire 着火
by mistake 错误地
by chance/accident 碰巧
in histry 在历史上
under repair 在维修中
hand in hand 手拉手
d harm t... 对……有害
n purpse 故意地
in place 在正确位置
in danger 在危险中
make rm fr... 为……让出空间
in return 作为回报
at present 目前
ahead f time 提前
in advance 提前
lse heart 灰心
ut f cntrl 失控
■名师点津
有无冠词意义不同的搭配
at table 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
at schl 在上学
at the schl 在学校
in hspital 住院
in the hspital 在医院里
in charge f 掌管
in the charge f... 在……掌管之中
ut f questin 毫无疑问
ut f the questin 不可能
冠词解题两步法
1．判断设空后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。若是可数名词，看是单数还是复数。
2．根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或不可数名词表泛指，其前不加任何冠词；单数可数名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词，表特指要加定冠词the。
[例] (陕西卷)________village where I was brn has grwn int ________twn.
[分析] The；a 句意：我出生的那个小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇。分析句子结构可知，village后有定语从句where I was brn 修饰，故第一空为特指，用定冠词The；由句意可知，小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇，故第二空为泛指，用不定冠词a，表示“一个”。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浏阳六校联考)The wedding ceremny is usually hsted warmly and the wedding ceremny very ften ends with a unique banquet.
2．(2020·吉林第一次调研)But naps can actually be a duble­edged swrd because while we’re awake during the day, we’re building up sleepiness r sleep pressure.
3．(2020·湖北鄂东南期中)Prduced by China Central Televisin (CCTV) and the Ministry f Educatin(MOE)，“First Class fr New Semester” has becme a mandatry viewing activity fr parents and students n the first day f the fall semester.
4．(2020·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)10% f life is made up f what happens t yu and 90% f life is decided by hw yu react.What des this mean? Let us use an example.
5．(2020·山东师大附中模拟)Whether yu are interested in basic cmmunicatin, schlarly research, r pursuing a career in China, standard Mandarin is a necessary tl fr cmmunicatin.
6．(2020·闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)Jinan, the capital city f East China’s Shandng Prvince, will hst an internatinal winter swimming cmpetitin at Daming Lake Scenic Area n Jan.12 and 13.
7．(2020·湖北孝感联考)Xu Jin was brn in a medical family.Under the influence f his family, he chse his medical specialty withut hesitatin.
8．(2020·宝鸡中学模拟)She starts ff at the same time frm the same place as the first driver, but she drives aimlessly arund.
9．(2020·贵州凯里一中模拟)Julie, c­directr f the Children’s Sleep Disrders Clinic, was pleased with the research findings.
10．(2020·长沙一模)After wrk, he learned t play the/his guitar.He liked living n the farm, fr the life was simple.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·宜昌期中)Encuraged by her，I vercame my fear and finally made successful attempt. 在successful前加a
2．(2020·湖南三湘名校联考)Last Sunday, my family went fr walk in a nearby park.在walk前加a
3．(2020·浏阳六校联考)One Mnday afternn, we were playing basketball n playgrund when I suddenly slipped and fell ver. 在playgrund前加the
4．(2020·呼和浩特模拟)T tell a truth, my spken English used t be a big headache fr me. 第一个a→the
5．(2020·哈尔滨六中模拟)Recently a nline survey was cnducted by China Daily, which asked whether yu were planning t shp n Singles’ Day. a→an
6．(2020·大庆质检)I had a great time and it was a mst meaningful thing I had dne that summer vacatin.第二个a→the
7．(2020·榆林模拟)As the matter f fact, develping a gd study habit is f great imprtance. the→a
8．(2020·齐齐哈尔一模)At a cunter we nticed that the freigner was talking t a clerk, but the clerk didn’t understand what the freigner said. 第一个the→a
9．(2020·银川一中一模)Since then, my parents have seldm cme int my rm and I have had a privacy cmpletely. 删除a
10．(2020·贵州凯里一中模拟)I will face the challenge bravely and make my the dream cme true.删除dream之前的the或者my