(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题1第2讲非谓语动词 (含答案)

这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题1第2讲非谓语动词 (含答案)，共15页。

eq \a\vs4\al(语法填空)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid­1980s, and are expensive t__perfrm(perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have respnded by nting(nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90­year­ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year” fr being(be) Britain’s ldest full­time emplyee—still wrking 40 hurs a week.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans t__retire(retire) frm her 36­year­ld business.
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we gt a call saying(say) she was shrt­listed, we thught it was a jke.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t__get(get) there.
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day f ur week­lng stay, we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars, listening(listen) t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng t__see(see) the benefit.
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f dying(die) early by running.
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice t__imprve(imprve) water quality.
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel challenged.
12．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, he allwed me t__stay(stay) and watch.
13．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast fd is full f fat and salt; by eating(eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
14．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required t__prcess(prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins.
15．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the rad, laying(lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.
16．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her schl friends, 16­year­ld Sarah is nt spending half­term resting(rest)．
非谓语动词是高考考查的重点，其中非谓语动词作状语、定语仍是重中之重。同时，高考对非谓语动词在句中作主语、宾语的考查增势明显。 eq \a\vs4\al()
eq \a\vs4\al(短文改错)
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All the ftball players n the playgrund cheered ludly, say that I had a talent fr ftball. say→saying
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage ne, I will pen mre. manage→managing
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by sell the fish. sell→selling
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I lved t watch cartns, but n matter hw many times I asked t watching them, my parents wuld nt let me. __watching→watch
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyne was silent, wait t see wh wuld be called upn t read his r her paragraph alud. wait→waiting
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Sme f us were cnfident and eager take part in the class activity; thers were nervus and anxius. 在take前加t
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer cmes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 在students后加t
8．(全国卷Ⅱ)We can chse between staying at hme and take a trip. take→taking
9．(全国卷Ⅲ)I shwed them I was independent by wear strange clthes. wear→wearing
1．谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；
2．过去分词与现在分词的错用；
3．不定式符号t的多余或缺失；
4．t是介词还是不定式符号的误判；
5．介词后动名词的误用。 eq \a\vs4\al()
非谓语动词的形式及意义
(2017·江苏卷)Many Chinese brands, having develped their reputatins ver centuries, are facing new challenges frm the mdern market. 很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
(北京卷)There are still many prblems t be slved befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the Mn.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。
非谓语动词作状语
(一)不定式作状语
1．作目的状语。可用s as t/in rder t替换，但 s as t一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
(2019·江苏卷)T enjy the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes. 为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
Her mther plans t fly t Beijing at least fur times a year in rder t/s as t/t visit her.
她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京去看她。
2．作结果状语。常用于下列结构中：nly t d(表示意想不到的结果)；enugh t d(足够做……)； d...(太……而不能做……)； t...(如此……以至于……)等。
(四川卷)Tm tk a taxi t the airprt, nly t find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
3．作原因状语。常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, cmfrtable, heavy, gd, imprtant, impssible, dangerus, surprised, astnished, delighted, disappinted 等。
(辽宁卷)This machine is very easy t perate.Anybdy can learn t use it in a few minutes. 这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。
■名师点津
语法填空和短文改错中常考查“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
(二)分词作状语
分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, nce, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
(2019·江苏卷)A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s intelligence and creativity. 一座城市是人类的手与大脑的产物，这反映了人类的智慧与创造性。
(2018·北京卷) Ordinary sap, used crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。
Generally speaking, if taken accrding t the directins, the drug has n side effect.
一般来说，如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。
■名师点津
某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且常用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词只表示一种状态，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。常见的有lcated(坐落于), lst(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lst/absrbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired f(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)等，无论它们在句中作何种成分都不用其­ing形式。
(天津卷)Absrbed in painting, Jhn didn’t ntice evening appraching.
由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
(三)独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的独立成分有：
(浙江卷)T be hnest, the pay isn’t attractive enugh, thugh the jb itself is quite interesting. 说实话，尽管这份工作本身很有趣，但是这个报酬不是很吸引人。
(四)独立主格结构作状语
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成，用于修饰整个句子。该结构位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开，在句中通常作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。其构成形式主要有：
1．名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(主动表被动)
(江苏卷)Much time spent sitting at a desk, ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems. 因为在桌前久坐，办公室工作人员一般都被健康问题所困扰。
Weather permitting, they will g n an uting t the beach tmrrw.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。
2．with/withut＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语)
With a lt f difficult prblems t settle, the newly­elected president is having a hard time. 有许多的难题要解决，这位新选的总统正过着一段艰难的日子。
(安徽卷)Jhn received an invitatin t dinner, and with his wrk finished, he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到了一张宴会的请柬，由于作业做完了，他很乐意地接受了。
(北京卷)I culdn’t d my hmewrk with all that nise ging n. 噪音不绝于耳，我没法做作业。
非谓语动词作定语
(一)不定式作定语
1．不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。
(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train t catch.
我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。
■名师点津
不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly a gd idea ccurred t her, but she culdn’t find any paper t write n.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
2．序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the nly 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。注意：该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者。
He is always the first t arrive at the schl and the last t leave the schl. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如ability, chance, idea, hpe, wish, fact, excuse, prmise, attempt, way 等。
(辽宁卷)And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
(湖南卷)The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
■名师点津
不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
I have a letter t pst, s I can’t g swimming with yu.
我有一封信(需要我)要寄出，因此我不能和你一起去游泳了。
I have a letter t be psted. Can yu help me?
我有一封信想(让别人替我)寄出去，你能帮我一下吗？
(二)分词作定语
1．作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。
(2019·天津卷)Mst clleges nw ffer first­year students a curse specially designed t help them succeed academically and persnally.
大多数大学现在为大一的学生提供一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学术和个人事务上取得成功。
(北京卷)Last night, there were millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV.
昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
2．作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves 在落下的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves 叶(表完成)
■名师点津
非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(dne)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(ding)；表示被动、进行用being dne；表示主动、尚未进行用t d；表示被动的动作尚未进行用t be dne。试比较：
①Tday there are mre airplanes carrying mre peple than ever befre in the skies.
②The bridge built in 2019 was designed by a lcal cmpany.
③The bridge being built nw was designed by a lcal cmpany.
④The bridge t be built next year was designed by a lcal cmpany.
非谓语动词作宾语
1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：
(2017·江苏卷)A quick review f successes and failures at the end f year will help (t) shape yur year ahead.
在年底对成功和失败进行快速的回顾会有助于你下一年的发展。
■名师点津
(1)此外affrd, happen(碰巧), wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
(2)动词(短语)learn, decide, knw, wnder, shw, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find ut等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：
He gt well­prepared fr the jb interview, fr he culdn’t risk lsing the gd pprtunity.
他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
■名师点津
allw, permit, frbid, advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补。即allw/permit/frbid/advise ding/sb. t d sth.。
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：(1)try t d 尽力做……；try ding 试着去做……；(2)mean t d打算做……；mean ding 意味着……；(3)regret t d遗憾要去做……；regret ding后悔做过……；(4)remember t d 记得去做……；remember ding记得做过……；(5)frget t d忘记去做……；frget ding 忘记做了……
(陕西卷)I still remember being taken t the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，还有我在那里所看到的一切。
(安徽卷)I remembered t lck the dr befre I left the ffice, but frgt t turn ff the lights.
我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。
■名师点津
动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
The windw needs cleaning/t be cleaned.(clean与the windw之间存在动宾关系)
He needs t leave at nce.(leave与he之间不存在动宾关系)
4．动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。常见的含有介词的动词短语：be/get used t(习惯于), feel like(想要), insist n(坚持), get dwn t(开始认真做某事), (致力于……), bject t(反对), stick t(坚持), give up(放弃)等。此外，介词后跟动名词的结构：have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth.；have fun (in) ding sth.
(陕西卷)It’s quite ht tday.D yu feel like ging fr a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
(浙江卷)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw d wrking with students.
我现在与学生们打交道和我过去航海一样开心。
■名师点津
(1)当非谓语动词位于介词but, except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词d及相关形式时，则不定式要省略t；若其前没有动词d，则不定式通常带t。
We had n chice but t wait.
我们除了等待之外别无选择。
I culd d nthing except agree.
我除了同意，什么都做不了。
(2)but后总跟省略不定式符号t的短语：d nthing but...只能……； cannt help but...禁不住……；cannt but...不得不……；cannt chse but...只得……
非谓语动词作宾补
(一)不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allw, ask, beg, cause, encurage, expect, frbid, frce, intend, invite, rder, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call n, depend n等。
(山东卷)If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely n. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
(江西卷)Having finished her prject, she was invited by the schl t speak t the new students.
完成她的项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
■名师点津
(1)有些动词，如think, cnsider, believe, suppse, feel, find, understand等后常用t be作宾补或主补。
Chinese peple are cnsidered t be the mst hard­wrking peple in the wrld.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb.be said/believed/knwn/reprted/cnsidered/thught＋t d/t have dne结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。
(江西卷)He is thught t have acted flishly.Nw he has n ne but himself t blame fr lsing the jb.
大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。
(3)有些动词，如hpe, welcme, agree, suggest, demand等后不能用不定式作补语。
(二)分词作宾补
1．现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。
(湖南卷)Listen! D yu hear smene calling fr help?
听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
■名师点津
catch sb. ding sth.意为“撞见某人正在做某事”。
2．过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。
(2018·天津卷)I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph taken.
我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相片。
■名师点津
(1)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have sth.dne＝get sth.dne让别人做某事；②have sb./sth.ding sth.让……一直做某事；get sb./sth.ding 使……开始做某事；③have sb.d sth.＝get sb.t d sth.让某人做某事。
(四川卷)Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car washed. 在开车进城之前，你需要找人洗洗车。
(2)have sb. ding sth.用于否定句中，常与can’t, wn’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。
I can’t have yu getting away with telling lies.
我不能容忍你因撒谎而不受惩罚。
非谓语动词作主语和表语
(一)不定式作主语和表语
1．不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
(浙江卷)N matter hw bright a talker yu are, there are times when it’s better t remain silent.
不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。
2．不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim, purpse, idea, plan, wish, decisin, chice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，多用不定式作表语。
His wish is t be a dctr in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
■名师点津
不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词d的形式，作表语的不定式常省略t。
What I want t d mst in senir high is (t) imprve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
(二)动名词作主语和表语
1．动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
(2018·北京卷)Traveling alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.
沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。
2．常用于动名词作主语的句型：
It’s a waste f time ding...；
It’s n use/gd ding...；
It is useless is n use ding...
It’s n use cmplaining withut taking actin.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
■名师点津
不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数，这是短文改错中经常出现的错误。
如何解答非谓语动词类题目
1．分析句子结构，辨别“谓语和非谓语”
首先判定所给动词是否充当句子的谓语，如果是，就用谓语形式；如果句子中并不缺少谓语，则用非谓语形式。所以在解题过程中，首先必须明白非谓语动词虽然与动词有关，但它们都不是谓语动词。其次，必须培养识别英语句子谓语的能力，因为命题人经常就一些多义词、多性(词性)词，尤其是熟词生义设置题目，增加句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，从而导致考生理解失误，不能正确地划分句子主干，继而造成失分。
[例1] (全国卷Ⅰ)A study f travelers ____________(cnduct) by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld.
[分析] cnducted 本题存在一词多义、一词多性的特征，由于不能找到正确的谓语动词，考生容易误填was cnducted或were cnducted。因name的常见词性为名词，考生会将题干中的“names”误认为是名词name的复数形式。其实，在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”，因主语“A study f travelers(一项关于游客的研究)”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式names。找到谓语之后，可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“cnduct”之间是被动关系，可知应填过去分词作后置定语。
2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系
非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。
如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词的被动式。
[例2] (重庆卷)The prducer cmes regularly t cllect the cameras ____________(return) t ur shp fr quality prblems.
[分析] returned 句意：生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。句中已有谓语动词cmes，因此设空处应为非谓语动词；且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填returned。
3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序
非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。非谓语动词的形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如t have dne, having dne表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；t be ding, ding表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
[例3] ____________(wrk) fr tw days, Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.
[分析] Having wrked 考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填T wrk表示目的。然而，本题考查的是非谓语动词与谓语动词存在时间先后顺序时的用法。并且句中的主语Steve与wrk之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词的完成式having dne。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·南通联考) T__stabilize(stabilize) ecnmic grwth, varius measures are being taken t expand dmestic demand.
2．(2020·吉林第一次调研)But if yu d find it difficult t__fall(fall) asleep r stay asleep at night, then yu shuld avid naps and try t build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening.
3．(2020·湖北五校期中联考)Past studies have shwn a link between sleeping less and weighing mre, but scientists have had difficulty determining(determine) “which came first, the chicken r the egg？” says Julie Lumeng f the University f Michigan in Ann Arbr.
4．(2020·河北百校联盟联考)Thanks t the high­tech rackets, they can nw enjy the magical feeling f hitting(hit) the ball at ver 150 kilmeters per hur!
5．(2020·河北衡水中学一调)Hangzhu will be the third Chinese city t__hst(hst) the Asian Games.
6．(2020·安徽江淮十校联考)Actually, it is quite nrmal fr the average persn living(live) in a city t see thusands f ads every single day.
7．(2020·湖北重点高中期中)First f all, becming(becme) aware f what causes yur wrry will help t reduce the stress.
8．(2020·吉林长春质检)They start building their huts late in the summer, but d nt get them finished(finish) befre the early frsts.
9．(2020·浏阳六校联考)Traditinal Chinese wedding custms may vary frm place t place and time t time, but have been hlding an imprtant psitin in the lives f Chinese peple, causing(cause) a far­reaching impact n the way the Chinese lead their lives.
10．(2020·闽粤赣“三省十校”联考) Hsted(hst) by the Jinan municipal gvernment, the Jinan winter swimming race has been held fr six successive years.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·太原期中)Nw, it nt nly devtes itself t sell bks, but cmbines the functins f the bkstre, café and sale f the creative cultural prducts. sell→selling
2．(2020·福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中)Cmparing with ther teachers, Mr.Mre pays mre attentin t his way f teaching.Cmparing→Cmpared
3．(2020·湖北五校期中联考)True friendship is the cmmunicatin f the hearts and understand f the suls.understand→understanding
4．(2020·宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)At first, seen the waves cming ne after anther, I was afraid.seen→seeing
5．(2020·福建长汀一中等六校联考)Sme students break this rule and sme even play with their smart phnes in class and that makes the teachers discuraging. discuraging→discuraged
6．(2020·湖南三湘名校联考)We wanted t breathe the fresh air and having fun there.having→have
7．(2020·安徽皖南八校联考)In shrt, it is a grateful heart that makes us becming kind peple and create a harmnius envirnment. becming→becme
8．(2020·吉林省重点中学联考)The bk stressed the imprtance f use ur time wisely. use→using
9．(2020·安徽江淮十校联考)She devtes herself t teach and prepares well fr every class. teach→teaching
10．(2020·潍坊五市区联考)My grandparents live in the cuntryside.They keep a dg calling Ah Ba. calling→called
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·河南天一大联考)G(围棋) is a bard game fr tw players, in which the aim is t surrund mre territry than the ppnent.The game 1.was__invented(invent) in China mre than 2，500 years ag and is believed t be the 2.ldest(ld) bard game cntinuusly played t the present day.A 2016 survey fund that there were ver 20 millin current players, the majrity f 3.whm lived in East Asia.
The playing pieces are called “stnes”．One player uses the white stnes and the 4.ther,__black.The players take 5.turns(turn) t place the stnes n the vacant intersectins(交叉点) f a bard.Once 6.placed(place) n the bard, stnes may nt be mved, but stnes are remved frm the bard if “captured(捕获)”．Capture happens when a stne r a grup f stnes is surrunded by ppsing stnes n all pints.The game ges n until neither player wishes t make anther mve.When a game 7.cmes(cme) t an end, the winner is determined by 8.cunting(cunt) each player’s surrunded territry alng with captured stnes and kmi (贴目)．A teacher might 9.simplify(simple) the explanatin by saying t a student “Yu may place yur stne n any pint n the bard, but if I surrund that stne, I will remve 10.it．”
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2020·济宁一模)
Dear Li Hua，
In yur last email, yu mentined yu felt frustrating at yur small vcabulary.Nw, I’d like t share yu my ideas.
In fact, it’s nt such hard t build a large vcabulary—yu have t keep at it daily, but pretty sn yu will find yu have an excellent vcabulary.One f the effective ways are t read gd bks and yu’d better t read at least ne gd bk a week.It’s far gd than any ther methd because yu can imprve yur vcabulary while read an interesting piece f literature.Anther nice thing is that yu can learn new wrds and its usages uncnsciusly, which will help enlarge yur vcabulary natural.
Yurs，
Peter
答案：
Dear Li Hua，
In yur last email, yu mentined yu felt eq \f(frustrating,frustrated) at yur small vcabulary.Nw, I’d like t share eq \(\s\up7(∧,with)) yu my ideas.
In fact, it’s nt eq \f(such,s) hard t build a large vcabulary—yu have t keep at it daily，eq \f(but,and) pretty sn yu will find yu have an excellent vcabulary.One f the effective ways eq \f(are,is) t read gd bks and yu’d better eq \(t,\s\up0(＼)) read at least ne gd bk a week.It’s far eq \f(gd,better) than any ther methd because yu can imprve yur vcabulary while eq \f(read,reading) an interesting piece f literature.Anther nice thing is that yu can learn new wrds and eq \f(its,their) usages uncnsciusly, which will help enlarge yur vcabulary eq \f(natural,naturally).
Yurs，
Peter
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
t d
t be dne
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
t be ding
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
其表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
ding
being dne
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生
完成式
having dne
having been dne
其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
dne
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
独立成分
意义
generally speaking (t be general)
一般来说
hnestly/rughly/strictly speaking
老实说/大体说/严格说
frankly speaking/t be frank
坦白说
judging frm/by
根据……来判断
cnsideratin/accunt
考虑到……
cnsidering/seeing/given...
考虑到……
t tell the truth/t be hnest
说实话
cmpared with/by
与……相比
t make things wrse
更糟糕的是
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hpe/wish; refuse，manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮
ffer, prmise, chse, plan；agree, ask/beg, help
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想
cnsider, suggest/advise, lk frward t, excuse/pardn；admit, delay/put ff, fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏
avid, miss, keep/keep n, practice; deny, finish, enjy/ appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡
frbid/avid, imagine, risk；can’t help(禁不住), mind, allw/permit, escape