(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题突破专题三 介词和介词短语 (含答案)课件
展开Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)I was searching fr these three western lwland grillas I’d been bserving.2.(2018·北京卷)—Gd mrning,Mr.Lee’s ffice.—Gd mrning.I’d like t make an appintment fr next Wednesday afternn.3.(2018·天津卷)Bb thught he culdn’t g t the party because he had t write a reprt,but he went after all.4.(2018·江苏卷)China’s sft pwer grws in line with the increasing appreciatin and understanding f China glbally.5.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)It allwed peple t avid terrible crwds n the rads abve as they travelled t and frm wrk.
6.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel full-time befre ging t university t get a degree in engineering r architecture. 7.(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relatin t ur surrundings remains an essential skill fr ur survival. 8.(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)Mst f us are mre fcused n ur tasks in the mrning than we are later in the day. 9.(2016·全国Ⅲ卷)In India,fr example,mst peple traditinally eat with their hands.10.(2016·四川卷)The mther cntinued t care fr the yung panda fr mre than tw years.
Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)They als had a small pnd which they raised fish.在which前加in或将which→where2.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)At the end f ur trip,I tld my father that I planned t return fr every tw years,and he agreed.去掉fr3.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)It was a relief and I came t a sudden stp just in the middle n the rad.n→f4.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)They have als bught fr sme gardening tls.去掉fr
考点一 表示时间和日期的介词1.in用在表示年、季节、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前;n用在表示某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前;at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的词前。We will have a meeting at 8 ’clck in the mrning n 后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用;during表示“在……期间”;thrugh表示“一直……,自始至终”。The new by lked at the teacher fr a few secnds.I went t France during the summer hliday.They wrked hard thrugh the winter.
3.frm,sincefrm表示时间的起点,意为“从……”,多用于“”中;since表示“自从……以来”。I have been waiting here frm mrning till nn.Great changes have taken place in ur schl since Dec.,2015.注意fr和since都常与完成时连用,但fr接时间段,since接时间点。如fr tw hurs(持续)两小时;since last week从上周直到现在。
4.befre,by,till,untilbefre指“在……之前”,与after相对。by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”,by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。till/until“直到……为止”,在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。Please cme befre ten ’clck.September 30 is the day by which yu must pay yur bill.Yu must wait fr him till/until tmrrw.
5.after,inafter+一段时间:表示“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after+点时间,用于各种时态。in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。After eight it began t rain.Jane is in a hurry because the train t the airprt leaves in half an hur.
考点二 表示方位的介词1.n意为“在……的上面”;ver意为“在……(垂直)的正上方”;abve意为“在……(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意为“在……(垂直)的正下方”;belw意为“在……(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意为“在……附近”;next t意为“紧挨着……”;rund/arund意为“在……周围”;by意为“在……旁边”;alng表示沿着街、路、河岸等;acrss主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;past意为“从……旁经过”;up表示向上,由南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用dwn;thrugh指从某物的内部“穿过”;ver指“越过”某一障碍物。Pipes carry il acrss the desert.It tk us ten minutes t drive thrugh the tunnel.
2.表示两者的位置关系时,in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”;n表示“接壤,相邻”;t表示“相离,相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。Mnglia is/lies n the nrth f China.
考点三 表示计量的介词1.at表示“以……速度,以……价格”。The nly reasn a man wuld sell salt at a lwer price wuld be that he was desperate fr 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。He sld his car fr 500 dllars.注意at表示单价(price),fr表示总钱数。3.by表示“按……计算”,后跟度量单位。接具体单位前用定冠词the,接具体度量名词时该名词前不加冠词。They are paid by the day.
考点四 表示行为的工具、手段或者方式的介词1.by表示用某种方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail通过电子邮件。注意表示搭乘交通工具用by时,名词前不加冠词;用in时,名词前要加冠词。请比较:I went there by car/in a 表示“用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官”。We speak with ur muths.注意with表示用某种工具时,名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。3.in表示用某种材料或语言。Please speak in English and write in 表示“以(方法、手段),经由”,后面多接抽象名词。Yu can nly achieve success thrugh hard wrk.
考点五 表示“除……之外”的介词besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”。except表示排除,“除……之外”,指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接that从句或wh-从句。but表示排除,多与nbdy,nne,n ne,nthing,anything,everyne,all,wh等连用,其后可以接不定式。except fr表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apart frm表示“此外,除……之外(还有)”,相当于besides/as well as;表示“撇开……来说,除去”,相当于except(fr);in additin t表示“除……之外(还有)”,相当于besides。
Apart frm ging shpping,the ld lady likes walking except when it rains.Beijing is a beautiful city,except fr its traffic.
考点六 表示原因的介词1.fr表示原因,常与srry,famus,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用。The Smiths are praised fr the way they bring up their 指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”。He was surprised at the 指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等。The yung man died frm an 指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等。The ld man died f 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。He was trembling with cld.
6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。She tk yur umbrella by mistake.
考点七 f和t1.f+抽象名词=形容词①f+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词②f+n+抽象名词=nt+形容词The bk is f great value t ur research.This ld machine is f n 与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”t+ne’s+情感名词=t the+情感名词+f sb.T ur great surprise,the by lied t the teacher.
考点八 against1.(表示方向)与……方向相反;逆着;迎着;顶着against the wind 迎着风;逆着风2.(表示方位)紧靠着……;倚靠着……against the wall 靠着墙3.(表示对象)对……不利;对……有害;以……为竞争对手;违反;违背fight against同……战斗;against the natural law 违背自然规律It was a real race against time t get the prject dne.Luckily,we made it.4.(表示对比)和……比;和……对照;以……为背景against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景
考点九 beynd1.(表示位置)在/往……另一边;在/往……那一边;在/往……的更远处The huse is beynd the bridge.2.(表示时间)迟于;晚于;在……之后Dn’t stay here beynd midnight.不要在这里过夜。3.(表示范围)超出;非……所能及The switch n the wall was beynd the children’s reach.4.(表示程度)超出……的范围;超过;对……来说太难Math is beynd me.I can never get high grades.5.(表示数目)多于;超过There weren’t beynd twenty peple present.
考点十 常用介词短语1.atat lunch在吃午饭at table在吃饭at schl在上学at peace在和平时期at first=at the beginning初期at the beginning f在……的初始阶段at the end f...在……结束时
2.inin a sense从某种意义上说in cmmn共同;共有in place在适当的位置in practice在实践中;实际上in public公开地;当众in turn依次;轮流;反过来in case以免;万一in detail详细地in ffice在执政in pwer当权;在执政in prgress在进行中in return作为回报
in time及时;最终in the way挡路in exchange fr用以交换……in favur f同意;支持in the meanwhile同时in spite f不管;不顾in terms f就……来说in additin t此外,除……以外
3.nn behalf f代表n cnditin that以……作为条件n sale出售n strike在罢工n the increase正在增加n the g忙个不停n the air正在广播n the cntrary相反
4.underunder cntrl在控制之中under discussin在讨论中under develpment在发展中under cnstructin在建设中under repair在修理中5.frfr lack f由于缺乏fr the benefit f为了……的利益as fr就……而论;关于
6.byby chance=by accident偶然;碰巧by name用名字;名叫by far到目前为止7.ut fut f rder发生故障;失调ut f place不得其所的;不适当的ut f cntrl失去控制ut f ne’s reach某人够不着的地方ut f the questin不可能ut f questin毫无疑问
Ⅰ.单句填空1.Mm tld me that nthing but red lked gd against my skin.2.“We didn’t knw what had happened t her,”said the wman at the driver was t blame fr the accident?4.It’s nt wrth bthering abut an umbrella—the car’s just utside,within easy left her she n the stairs n purpse. 6.The students successfully cnducted the experiment under the guidance f their educatin des nt cnsist in simply being taught facts. 8.Even if my tears turn int a stream in May,still it can’t carry all my grief away.
9. In reality,it’s the chair that des the imprtant wrk. 10.She fund herself in cnflict with her parents ver her future scientists have cme up with a shcking idea.12. By the way,what’s yur name? 13.The pliceman stpped him when he was driving hme and accused him f speeding. 14.Mary culdn’t put up with the terrible wrking cnditins in that factry and resigned last week. 15.He was s absrbed in a bk that he did nt hear the send her the bk at yur cnvenience. 17.We can hardly believe such a yung by shuld have traveled arund the wrld all by himself. 18.Yung as she is,my little sister takes delight in reading.
19.The villagers here depend n the fishing industry,withut which there wn’t be any was wearing dark glasses t prtect his eyes frm the sun.
Ⅱ.单句改错1.My aunt advised my sister t marry Henry,but she married with Frank at last.去掉with2.Frm this experience,I have realized a gd decisin benefits frm peple.去掉frm3.Peple liked t walk ut their huses t chat tgether.在ut后加f4.After a day’s hard wrk,Mary went t the nearby shp t treat herself fr a strawberry ice cream.fr→t
5.We can finish the wrk either this week r in next week.去掉in6.On the way hme,I fund I had lst the key f the dr.f→t7.Mre than ne fficial has served fr the peple heart and sul.去掉fr8.Yu are required t write yur stry with yur wn wrds.with→in9.His mther tk pride f his great achievements.f→in10.We walked dwn the stairs instead taking the elevatr.在instead后加f
11.I have made rapid prgress under the help f my teacher.under→with12.He blamed the failure f their marriage fr her.fr→n13.This term I jined in the Chinese painting club in ur schl.去掉jined后的in14.An incident happening in a rainy Sunday afternn changed my attitude.in→n15.Because eating t much withut much exercise,he has put n weight.在because后加f
Ⅲ.短文改错Last Friday,the evening fell,but my parents hadn’t cme back hme yet.I stpped ding my hmewrk but decided t make a meal fr my family instead f just wait.It was my the first cking.I went nline t find infrmatin n hw ck hme-style dishes.With the step-by-step directin,I managed t make a dish.Then I tried t ck ther.When my parents gt hme,they were amazing t see the tasty dishes I made.Immediately my mum tk pictures fr them and my dad gave me a big hug.I real enjyed the meal that evening.
答案:第一句:hadn’t→didn’t第二句:but→and;wait→waiting第三句:去掉the第四句:在hw后加t第五句:directin→directins第六句:ther→anther第七句:amazing→amazed第八句:fr→f第九句:real→really
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