(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题突破专题十一　特殊句式 (含答案)

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单句填空1.(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situatin,simply press(press) the buttn and a highly-trained agent will get yu the help yu need.2.(2018·天津卷)It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse 　that　 we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 3.(2017·天津卷)It was when I gt back t my apartment that I first came acrss my new neighbrs.4.(2016·江苏卷)Nt until recently 　　did　　 they encurage the develpment f turist-related activities in the rural areas. 5.(2016·天津卷)Yu are waiting at a wrng place.It is at the htel that the cach picks up turists.
6.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)It culd be anything — gardening,cking,music,sprts — but whatever it is,make(make) sure it’s a relief frm daily stress rather than anther thing t wrry abut.
考点一 倒装句1.完全倒装(1)表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词,如:there,here,nw,then,up,dwn,ut,in,away位于句首,句子谓语是g,cme,run等不及物动词,可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。There remains the pssibility that mistakes have been made.仍然有已经出错的可能。Lk!Frm ppsite the street cme tw kids,screaming in panic.看!两个孩子从街对面过来,(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。(2)当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常用全部倒装。Suth f the city lies a factry.城市的南面有家工厂。
(3)such做表语置于句首时,也常常用全部倒装。Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦,一位朴实的人,而且又是一名伟大的科学家。(4)表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。①形容词+连系动词+主语Present at the meeting were sme experts.到会的是一些专家。②过去分词+连系动词+主语Gne are the days when we walked t wrk.我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。③介词短语+连系动词+主语Amng the gds are flwers,candles and tys.货物中有花,蜡烛和玩具。
2.部分倒装(1)句子以never,seldm,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by n means,nt until,nt nly,nt a wrd,nt a single,n n cnditin,in n case等表示否定意义的词组开头,要用部分倒装语序。Never will he cme back t the factry.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。Nt nly d the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hurs as well.护士们不仅想要增加报酬,她们也想要减少工作时间。(2)句子以s,nr,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装。Tm likes English,and s d I.汤姆喜欢英语,我也喜欢英语。
(3)在引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把s/such...提到句首时,主谓要倒装。S mved was she that she culd nt say a wrd.她感动得一句话都说不出来。S fast des he run that he is far ahead f thers.他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。(4)as/thugh引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/thugh的前面。在as/thugh引导的让步状语从句中,做表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。Child as he is,he knws a lt.尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。
(5)在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或shuld要提到句首构成倒装。Had yu cme a few minutes earlier,yu wuld have seen him.如果你早来几分钟,你就能看见他了。(6)当nly所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“nly+主语”用在句首时不倒装。Only when Lily walked int the ffice did she realize that she had left the cntract at hme.直到莉莉走进办公室,她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。Only yu can help me.只有你能帮助我。(7)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May yu succeed!祝你成功!
(8)连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都要用倒装形式。Neither d I knw it,nr d I care abut it.我既不知道这件事,也不关心这件事。
考点二 省略句1.不定式中的省略(1)单独使用不定式符号t代替不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect,frget,hpe,intend,like,lve,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等词后;或放在表情绪的词后,代替被省略的动词,常见词有glad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,则不应省略。The driver wanted t park his car near the radside but was asked by the plice nt t.那个司机想在路边停车,但是警察不让(他停在那儿)。He is nt a lawyer nw,but he used t be.他现在已不是律师了,但他曾经是。
Yur wrk hasn’t been handed in,but it ught t have been.你的作业还没交,但早该上交了。(2)感官动词或使役动词(feel,ntice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式做宾语补足语时常省略t。I heard my father sing in the kitchen.我听见爸爸在厨房里唱歌。(3)在由and或r连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的t。I want t finish my hmewrk and g hme.我想完成作业然后回家。(4)在d nthing but,can’t help but,why nt,wuld ,had better等句型中省略t。The little by culd d nthing but cry.小男孩只能哭,别无他法。
2.状语从句中的省略(1)在由when,while,if,as if,althugh/thugh,as,until,nce,whether,when,where等引导的状语从句中,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语含有be时,可省略状语从句的主语和be。When (he was) yung,he helped his parents d a lt f husewrk.他小的时候帮父母干了很多家务活。(2)当从句的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时,可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词+形容词”的结构。Thugh (it was) cld,he still wre a shirt.尽管天冷,但他仍然穿着一件衬衣。Please call me if (it is) necessary.如果需要,请给我打电话。
(3)在if s/nt省略句式中,用s/nt代替上文的内容。Get up early tmrrw.If nt(=If yu dn’t get up early tmrrw),yu will miss the early bus.明天早点起床,不然的话,你就会错过早班车。
考点三 强调句1.强调句的基本构成强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+wh/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用wh或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如:It was Jhn wh(that) wre his best suit t the dance last night.是约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会了。It was his best suit that Jhn wre t the dance last night.约翰昨晚是穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。
2.强调句的疑问句形式强调句的一般疑问句形式为 “Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/wh+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/wh+其他成分”。Was it in high schl that yu began playing basketball?你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的?Where was it that yu put yur mbile phne after cming back?你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了?
结构在强调句中的应用结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,nt与until要放在一起。Bach died in 1750,but it was nt until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recgnized.巴赫于1750年去世,但直到19世纪早期他的音乐才华才受到普遍认可。It was nt until he remved his sunglasses that I recgnized him.直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才将他认了出来。
考点四 反意疑问句1.陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致。He said that they wuld cme t my birthday party,didn’t he?他说他们要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?(2)当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppse,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。They dn’t believe he will succeed,d they?他们不相信他会成功,是吗?
2.陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有seldm,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nthing,nbdy等否定词时,反意疑问部分用肯定形式。但带有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词时,其反意疑问部分用否定形式。He culd hardly speak English,culd he?他几乎不会说英语,是吗?He dislikes playing the pian,desn’t he?他不喜欢弹钢琴,是吗?
考点五 祈使句1.祈使句+and+简单句“祈使句+and+简单句”表示“如果……就……”D that again and I’ll call a pliceman.你再那样做我就要叫警察了。2.祈使句+r+简单句“祈使句+r+简单句”表示“……否则……”Put it dwn,r I’ll smack yu.把它放下来,不然我会揍你。注意有时名词短语可以看作是祈使句。A few mre minutes and I will finish the wrk.再给我几分钟我就会完成这项工作。
考点六 感叹句1.What a(n)+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!What an interesting stry it is!多么有趣的故事啊!What a happy day it is!多么快乐的一天啊!2.What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!What beautiful butterflies they are!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!3.Hw+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语!Hw tall a by he is!这个男孩真高啊!4.Hw+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!Hw well she plays!她演奏得多好啊!
Ⅰ.单句改错1.They are three lessns in the mrning and tw in the afternn.They→There2.It was nt until midnight when they reached the camp site.when→that3.We laugh at jkes,but seldm we think abut hw they wrk.在seldm后加d4.Only by keeping dwn csts Pwer Data hld its advantage ver ther cmpanies.在csts后加will/can/may5.Mary never des any reading in the evening;s des Jhn.s→nr
Ⅱ.单句填空1.It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met the ft f the muntain lies(lie) a accepted(accept) fr the jb,yu’ll be infrmed has nt yet passed the driving test,and neither has as/thugh it might sund,everyne present was amused by his adventure stry in is little dubt in yur mind that he is inncent,is there?7.There seems t have been great difficulty in turning ut excellent it rain tmrrw,we wuld have t cancel the ftball a strange plant!I’ve never seen it befre.
10.Dn’t frget t put the tls back where they were after yu have finished yur wrk,will yu?
Ⅲ.短文改错When talked abut my dream,I recalled my childhd,which I started learning t sing.At that time it was my interest led me t sing.Hard althugh I learned,I was happy then.And with time ging n,I have gradually realized sing is my whle life.I like it r enjy it.I want t stand n an even big stage t sing where nt nly will my dream be cme true but als I can send my beautiful sngs t all the audience.I want t transfer happy and encuragement t the audience by singing,letting us cheer up.