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(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题突破专题六 非谓语动词 (含答案)课件
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这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题突破专题六 非谓语动词 (含答案)课件，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考点归纳，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Yu may drink,smke,be verweight and still reduce yur risk f dying(die) early by running.2.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng t see(see) the benefit. 3.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice t imprve(imprve) water quality. 4.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)China’s apprach t prtecting its envirnment while feeding(feed) its citizens“ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Vegele.5.(2018·北京卷)During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members ften gather tgether t share(share) a meal,admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
6.(2018·北京卷)Ordinary sap,used(use) crrectly,can deal with bacteria effectively.7.(2018·江苏卷) Arund 13,500 new jbs were created during the perid,exceeding(exceed) the expected number f 12,000 held by market analysts.8.(2018·北京卷)Traveling(travel) alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.9.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷) He was just saying:“I’m king f this frest,and here is yur reminder!” Once his message was delivered,he allwed me t stay(stay) and watch. 10.(2018·浙江卷)I still remember visiting(visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
11.(2018·浙江卷)While regularly eating ut seems t have becme(becme) cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years. 12.(2018·天津卷)I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs taken(take).13.(2018·天津卷)It tk him a lng time t acquire(acquire) the skills he needed t becme a gd dancer. 14.(2018·天津卷)I didn’t mean t eat (eat) anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help trying(try) it.
Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by sell the fish.sell→selling2.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Everyne was silent,wait t see wh wuld be called upn t read his and her paragraph alud.wait→waiting3.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷) Sme f us were cnfident and eager take part in the class activity;thers were nervus and anxius.在take前加t4.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)I was afraid that t speak in frnt f a large grup f peple.去掉that
5.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)When summer cmes,they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!在pick前加t
考点一 非谓语动词的形式
Fr thse with family members far away,the persnal cmputer and the phne are imprtant in staying cnnected.对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。The film star wears sunglasses.Therefre,he can g shpping withut being recgnized.这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。T catch the early flight,we rdered a taxi in advance and gt up very early.为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预订了一辆出租车并且早早起床。
考点二 非谓语动词的时态和语态1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式;否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。They wrked day and night,sending supplies t the fld areas.他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。(虽然send动作已经完成,但相对于wrk来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用having sent)
Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hng Kng,Linda appears mre mature than thse f her age.作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(先在香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态)I’m srry t have kept yu waiting lng.对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起)There are still many prblems t be slved befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the Mn.(问题被解决)在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。
2.being dne所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。Being expsed t the sun fr s lng will d harm t ur skin.暴露在阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行)3.判断语态时学会找非谓语动词的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。The teacher came in,fllwing ur mnitr.老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。
考点三 非谓语动词做宾语
After receiving the Oscar fr Best Supprting Actress,Anne Benedict went n t thank all the peple wh had helped in her career.获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮·本尼迪克特接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。注意动词不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形式宾语。It’s n use arguing with him.I think it easy t have dne s much in nly ne day.我认为仅在一天之内就做了这么多很容易。
考点四 非谓语动词做状语1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用ding表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;having dne表示d的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用dne,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用having been dne。When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an aplgetic smile,she std rted t the grund,wndering whether t stay r leave.当这名职员看到一张和蔼的、带着歉意的笑纹的脸时,她站在那里不动了,不知道是该留下还是该离开。
The teachers std there talking,surrunded by the students.老师们站在那里交谈,被学生围着。(The teachers 和talk之间为主动关系,The teachers和surrund之间为被动关系)Having been shwn arund the lab,the visitrs went t the library.被带领参观实验室后,参观者去了图书馆。(be shwn arund “被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生went这个动作)Clearly and thughtfully written,the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.这本书写得清晰有深度,它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。(不强调write的动作先完成,只是强调the bk和write之间为被动关系,也就是说这里的write只表示被动,不表示完成)
表示时间关系的非谓语动词(短语)可由连词when/while引导。While wrking,they listened t the sngs.工作的时候,他们听着歌。
2.做目的状语和结果状语通常用不定式,动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式一般做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。不定式放句首做状语,只表示目的;做结果状语时,表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而动词-ing形式不能表示目的,做结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上thus,谓语动词与动词-ing形式是因果关系。T free urselves frm the physical and mental tensins,we each need deep thught and inner quietness.要想把我们自己从身心紧张的状态下解脱出来,我们每个人都需要沉思以及内心的宁静。
3.要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。T imprve English,his father bught him many bks.(×)(imprve的逻辑主语为he,而不是his father)Walking in the street,a car kncked the by dwn.(×)(walk的逻辑主语为the by,而不是a car)4.不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后面做原因状语或用于 d sth., t d sth., d sth.等结构中做结果状语。I am happy t meet yu here.我很高兴在这里见到你。The by is ld enugh t g t schl.这个男孩已经到了上学的年龄了。
5.独立成分做状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如cnsidering...(鉴于/考虑到……);generally speaking(一般来说);judging by/frm...(从……来看,依据……来判断);suppsing that...(假如……);prviding that...(假如……);wing t...(由于……);speaking f...(谈及……);given...(考虑到……);prvided that...(如果……);t tell the truth(实话实说);t be hnest(老实说)等。Generally speaking,it is ht in summer in this area.一般来说,夏天这个地区很热。
考点五 非谓语动词做补足语
注意find,leave(使……处于某种状态),keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式做补足语,而不跟动词不定式。What yu said left me thinking.你所说的令我思考。
考点六 非谓语动词做定语1.不定式做定语不定式做定语可表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,chance,idea,fact,prmise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时,一般用不定式做定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/nly/last等修饰的名词后做定语;如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。The airprt t be cmpleted next year will help prmte turism in this area.明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。He has a chance and has becme the first t g abrad in ur twn.他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。He wanted t find a huse t live in.他想找个房子住。
2.动词-ing形式做定语当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being dne的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时要用having been dne的形式,having been dne不做定语。动词-ing形式做定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式做定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
Tday there are mre airplanes carrying mre peple than ever befre in the skies.与以前相比,如今天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。The huses being built are fr the students.正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。A sleeping pill will help yu t fall asleep quickly.安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。3.动词-ed形式做定语动词-ed形式做定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物动词的-ed形式做定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物动词的-ed形式做定语只表示完成,不表被动。The retired wrker is sweeping the fallen leaves n the rad.这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。
考点七 独立主格结构独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构,它只有逻辑上的主语(名词或代词充当)和谓语(一般用非谓语动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语来充当),而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语,主要用于书面语中,在口语中不常用,在句子中起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等,用于修饰整个句子。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”也是独立主格结构的一种形式。
Much time spent sitting at a desk,ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.大部分时间都坐在办公桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。The trees there are extremely tall,sme measuring ver 90 meters.那里的树非常高,有些高达90多米。With nthing t d,they went ut fr a walk.由于无事可做,他们出去散步。
考点八 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义1.在“be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式”结构中,常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,imprtant,impssible,interesting,pleasant,nice,cmfrtable,safe,dangerus,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,srry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,flish,quick,slw,plite,wrng等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式。He is easy t get alng with.他很容易相处。
2.不定式与疑问词连用时。I dn’t knw what t d.我不知做什么。3.某些动词(如blame/seek/let)的不定式与be动词连用时。He is t blame fr the accident.他应为此次事故负责任。
Ⅰ.单句填空1.Dressed(dress) in a white unifrm,he lks mre like a ck than a dctr.2.I culdn’t d my hmewrk with all that nise ging (g) n. 3.Tm sunds very much interested(interest) in the jb,but I’m nt sure whether he can manage hurried t the statin nly t find(find) that the train had left. 5.The repairs cst a lt,but it’s mney well spent (spend). 6.The living rm is clean and tidy,with a dining table already laid(lay) fr a meal t be cked7.Surprised(surprise) and happy,Tny std up and accepted the prize.8.“Yu can’t catch me!” Janet shuted,running(run) away.
9.Funded(fund) in the early 20th century,the schl keeps n inspiring children’s lve f (find) the curse very difficult,she decided t mve t a lwer we saw the rad blcked(blck) with snw,we decided t spend the hliday at eaten(eat) at the cafeteria befre,Tina didn’t want t eat there again. 13.Tny lent me the mney,hping(hpe) that I’d d as much fr asked(ask) fr his views abut his teaching jb,Philip said he fund it interesting and ,used(use) crrectly,is mney in the bank.
16.Befre driving int the city,yu are required t get yur car washed(wash) ability t express(express) an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself. 18.I have a lt f readings t cmplete(cmplete) befre the end f this term. 19.T find(find) ut mre abut university curses,call (920) 746-3789. ,isn’t it time yu gt dwn t marking(mark) the papers?21.It is difficult t imagine his accepting(accept) the decisin withut any hurried t the bking ffice nly t be tld(tell) that all the tickets had been sld ut.
23.Dn’t sit there ding(d) nthing.Cme and help me with this slar system is a drp in the cean when cmpared(cmpare) t the huge yu wake up every mrning feeling(feel) energetic and ready t start a new day?
Ⅱ.单句改错1.Mdern peple knw mre abut health,have better fd,and t live in clearer surrundings.去掉t2.Suddenly Mary,my best friend,asked me t let her t cpy my answers.去掉cpy前的t3.I want t thank yu again fr have me in yur hme fr the summer hlidays.have→having4.I lk frward t hear frm yu sn.hear→hearing
5.I was ften a little tired after a day’s wrk and watch TV demands very little effrt.watch→watching6.He had time fr a prper breakfast and was still the first reach the factry.first后加t7.I’d like very much cme but I have an examinatin n Mnday mrning.cme前加t8.My parents lve me f curse and will d all they can make sure that I get a gd educatin.make前加t
9.As we climbed the muntain,we fed mnkeys,visiting temples and tld stries.visiting→visited10.I als shared with my friends many phts taking in Beijing.taking→taken11.But his parents think g t cllege is mre imprtant than playing sprts.g→ging12.Sn I began t enjy talk t myself n paper as I was learning t express myself in simple English.talk→talking
13.It’s like ging t a huge library withut have t walk arund t find yur bks.have→having14.I have sme recrds giving t me as birthday gifts.giving→given15.I nticed Mther lking at a nearby table ccupy by an elderly wman and a yung cuple.ccupy→ccupied
Ⅲ.语篇填空Parents are examples f children and children are the apple f parents.In a family that attaches imprtance t educatin,parents are their kids’ guiding stars.Preventin is better than cure.Parents must learn 1.t lead (lead) by example,but leading by example desn’t call fr perfectin by any means.There is n gd 2.using (use) t many wrds.The lessns that yu teach yur children by 3.ding (d) things the right way in their presence are far mre lng lasting
It is kay 4.t be(be)wrng as this is hw we learn.S parents shuld encurage children 5.t admit (admit) and crrect when they happen t make mistakes.Children must learn t behave themselves:they aplgize and are grateful fr 6.accepting (accept) thers’ help,because there is n such thing as being t plite.Yu can never say “please”,“thank yu” r “excuse me” t ften;they refuse t lie but avid 7.being fled (fl);they have t manage 8.t slve (slve) their wn prblems;if they make a prmise,they will insist n nt breaking it;they can try using tls and give up 9.risking (risk) leading a dangerus childhd;they enjy eating healthy fd and are expected 10.t keep (keep) fit.
Ⅳ.短文改错It was my 17th birthday and I was lking frward t see my friends.I arrived at my favrite restaurant,waiting fr him.We wuld have the special birthday dinner.I lked fr a familiar face but failed.Sn the restaurant was filled custmers,nne f which were my friends.An hur later,I went back hme,lnely and disappinting.T my great surprise,I fund the dr was wide pen while I arrived hme.Nervusly,I walk int the dark rm.Suddenly,all the light went n and my friends were appeared shuting “surprise”.I had an unfrgettable birthday.
Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Yu may drink,smke,be verweight and still reduce yur risk f dying(die) early by running.2.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng t see(see) the benefit. 3.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice t imprve(imprve) water quality. 4.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)China’s apprach t prtecting its envirnment while feeding(feed) its citizens“ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Vegele.5.(2018·北京卷)During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members ften gather tgether t share(share) a meal,admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
6.(2018·北京卷)Ordinary sap,used(use) crrectly,can deal with bacteria effectively.7.(2018·江苏卷) Arund 13,500 new jbs were created during the perid,exceeding(exceed) the expected number f 12,000 held by market analysts.8.(2018·北京卷)Traveling(travel) alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.9.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷) He was just saying:“I’m king f this frest,and here is yur reminder!” Once his message was delivered,he allwed me t stay(stay) and watch. 10.(2018·浙江卷)I still remember visiting(visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
11.(2018·浙江卷)While regularly eating ut seems t have becme(becme) cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years. 12.(2018·天津卷)I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs taken(take).13.(2018·天津卷)It tk him a lng time t acquire(acquire) the skills he needed t becme a gd dancer. 14.(2018·天津卷)I didn’t mean t eat (eat) anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help trying(try) it.
Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by sell the fish.sell→selling2.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Everyne was silent,wait t see wh wuld be called upn t read his and her paragraph alud.wait→waiting3.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷) Sme f us were cnfident and eager take part in the class activity;thers were nervus and anxius.在take前加t4.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)I was afraid that t speak in frnt f a large grup f peple.去掉that
5.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)When summer cmes,they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!在pick前加t
考点一 非谓语动词的形式
Fr thse with family members far away,the persnal cmputer and the phne are imprtant in staying cnnected.对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。The film star wears sunglasses.Therefre,he can g shpping withut being recgnized.这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。T catch the early flight,we rdered a taxi in advance and gt up very early.为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预订了一辆出租车并且早早起床。
考点二 非谓语动词的时态和语态1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式;否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。They wrked day and night,sending supplies t the fld areas.他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。(虽然send动作已经完成,但相对于wrk来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用having sent)
Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hng Kng,Linda appears mre mature than thse f her age.作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(先在香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态)I’m srry t have kept yu waiting lng.对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起)There are still many prblems t be slved befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the Mn.(问题被解决)在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。
2.being dne所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。Being expsed t the sun fr s lng will d harm t ur skin.暴露在阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行)3.判断语态时学会找非谓语动词的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。The teacher came in,fllwing ur mnitr.老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。
考点三 非谓语动词做宾语
After receiving the Oscar fr Best Supprting Actress,Anne Benedict went n t thank all the peple wh had helped in her career.获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮·本尼迪克特接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。注意动词不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形式宾语。It’s n use arguing with him.I think it easy t have dne s much in nly ne day.我认为仅在一天之内就做了这么多很容易。
考点四 非谓语动词做状语1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用ding表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;having dne表示d的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用dne,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用having been dne。When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an aplgetic smile,she std rted t the grund,wndering whether t stay r leave.当这名职员看到一张和蔼的、带着歉意的笑纹的脸时,她站在那里不动了,不知道是该留下还是该离开。
The teachers std there talking,surrunded by the students.老师们站在那里交谈,被学生围着。(The teachers 和talk之间为主动关系,The teachers和surrund之间为被动关系)Having been shwn arund the lab,the visitrs went t the library.被带领参观实验室后,参观者去了图书馆。(be shwn arund “被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生went这个动作)Clearly and thughtfully written,the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.这本书写得清晰有深度,它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。(不强调write的动作先完成,只是强调the bk和write之间为被动关系,也就是说这里的write只表示被动,不表示完成)
表示时间关系的非谓语动词(短语)可由连词when/while引导。While wrking,they listened t the sngs.工作的时候,他们听着歌。
2.做目的状语和结果状语通常用不定式,动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式一般做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。不定式放句首做状语,只表示目的;做结果状语时,表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而动词-ing形式不能表示目的,做结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上thus,谓语动词与动词-ing形式是因果关系。T free urselves frm the physical and mental tensins,we each need deep thught and inner quietness.要想把我们自己从身心紧张的状态下解脱出来,我们每个人都需要沉思以及内心的宁静。
3.要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。T imprve English,his father bught him many bks.(×)(imprve的逻辑主语为he,而不是his father)Walking in the street,a car kncked the by dwn.(×)(walk的逻辑主语为the by,而不是a car)4.不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后面做原因状语或用于 d sth., t d sth., d sth.等结构中做结果状语。I am happy t meet yu here.我很高兴在这里见到你。The by is ld enugh t g t schl.这个男孩已经到了上学的年龄了。
5.独立成分做状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如cnsidering...(鉴于/考虑到……);generally speaking(一般来说);judging by/frm...(从……来看,依据……来判断);suppsing that...(假如……);prviding that...(假如……);wing t...(由于……);speaking f...(谈及……);given...(考虑到……);prvided that...(如果……);t tell the truth(实话实说);t be hnest(老实说)等。Generally speaking,it is ht in summer in this area.一般来说,夏天这个地区很热。
考点五 非谓语动词做补足语
注意find,leave(使……处于某种状态),keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式做补足语,而不跟动词不定式。What yu said left me thinking.你所说的令我思考。
考点六 非谓语动词做定语1.不定式做定语不定式做定语可表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,chance,idea,fact,prmise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时,一般用不定式做定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/nly/last等修饰的名词后做定语;如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。The airprt t be cmpleted next year will help prmte turism in this area.明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。He has a chance and has becme the first t g abrad in ur twn.他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。He wanted t find a huse t live in.他想找个房子住。
2.动词-ing形式做定语当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being dne的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时要用having been dne的形式,having been dne不做定语。动词-ing形式做定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式做定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
Tday there are mre airplanes carrying mre peple than ever befre in the skies.与以前相比,如今天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。The huses being built are fr the students.正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。A sleeping pill will help yu t fall asleep quickly.安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。3.动词-ed形式做定语动词-ed形式做定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物动词的-ed形式做定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物动词的-ed形式做定语只表示完成,不表被动。The retired wrker is sweeping the fallen leaves n the rad.这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。
考点七 独立主格结构独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构,它只有逻辑上的主语(名词或代词充当)和谓语(一般用非谓语动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语来充当),而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语,主要用于书面语中,在口语中不常用,在句子中起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等,用于修饰整个句子。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”也是独立主格结构的一种形式。
Much time spent sitting at a desk,ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.大部分时间都坐在办公桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。The trees there are extremely tall,sme measuring ver 90 meters.那里的树非常高,有些高达90多米。With nthing t d,they went ut fr a walk.由于无事可做,他们出去散步。
考点八 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义1.在“be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式”结构中,常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,imprtant,impssible,interesting,pleasant,nice,cmfrtable,safe,dangerus,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,srry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,flish,quick,slw,plite,wrng等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式。He is easy t get alng with.他很容易相处。
2.不定式与疑问词连用时。I dn’t knw what t d.我不知做什么。3.某些动词(如blame/seek/let)的不定式与be动词连用时。He is t blame fr the accident.他应为此次事故负责任。
Ⅰ.单句填空1.Dressed(dress) in a white unifrm,he lks mre like a ck than a dctr.2.I culdn’t d my hmewrk with all that nise ging (g) n. 3.Tm sunds very much interested(interest) in the jb,but I’m nt sure whether he can manage hurried t the statin nly t find(find) that the train had left. 5.The repairs cst a lt,but it’s mney well spent (spend). 6.The living rm is clean and tidy,with a dining table already laid(lay) fr a meal t be cked7.Surprised(surprise) and happy,Tny std up and accepted the prize.8.“Yu can’t catch me!” Janet shuted,running(run) away.
9.Funded(fund) in the early 20th century,the schl keeps n inspiring children’s lve f (find) the curse very difficult,she decided t mve t a lwer we saw the rad blcked(blck) with snw,we decided t spend the hliday at eaten(eat) at the cafeteria befre,Tina didn’t want t eat there again. 13.Tny lent me the mney,hping(hpe) that I’d d as much fr asked(ask) fr his views abut his teaching jb,Philip said he fund it interesting and ,used(use) crrectly,is mney in the bank.
16.Befre driving int the city,yu are required t get yur car washed(wash) ability t express(express) an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself. 18.I have a lt f readings t cmplete(cmplete) befre the end f this term. 19.T find(find) ut mre abut university curses,call (920) 746-3789. ,isn’t it time yu gt dwn t marking(mark) the papers?21.It is difficult t imagine his accepting(accept) the decisin withut any hurried t the bking ffice nly t be tld(tell) that all the tickets had been sld ut.
23.Dn’t sit there ding(d) nthing.Cme and help me with this slar system is a drp in the cean when cmpared(cmpare) t the huge yu wake up every mrning feeling(feel) energetic and ready t start a new day?
Ⅱ.单句改错1.Mdern peple knw mre abut health,have better fd,and t live in clearer surrundings.去掉t2.Suddenly Mary,my best friend,asked me t let her t cpy my answers.去掉cpy前的t3.I want t thank yu again fr have me in yur hme fr the summer hlidays.have→having4.I lk frward t hear frm yu sn.hear→hearing
5.I was ften a little tired after a day’s wrk and watch TV demands very little effrt.watch→watching6.He had time fr a prper breakfast and was still the first reach the factry.first后加t7.I’d like very much cme but I have an examinatin n Mnday mrning.cme前加t8.My parents lve me f curse and will d all they can make sure that I get a gd educatin.make前加t
9.As we climbed the muntain,we fed mnkeys,visiting temples and tld stries.visiting→visited10.I als shared with my friends many phts taking in Beijing.taking→taken11.But his parents think g t cllege is mre imprtant than playing sprts.g→ging12.Sn I began t enjy talk t myself n paper as I was learning t express myself in simple English.talk→talking
13.It’s like ging t a huge library withut have t walk arund t find yur bks.have→having14.I have sme recrds giving t me as birthday gifts.giving→given15.I nticed Mther lking at a nearby table ccupy by an elderly wman and a yung cuple.ccupy→ccupied
Ⅲ.语篇填空Parents are examples f children and children are the apple f parents.In a family that attaches imprtance t educatin,parents are their kids’ guiding stars.Preventin is better than cure.Parents must learn 1.t lead (lead) by example,but leading by example desn’t call fr perfectin by any means.There is n gd 2.using (use) t many wrds.The lessns that yu teach yur children by 3.ding (d) things the right way in their presence are far mre lng lasting
It is kay 4.t be(be)wrng as this is hw we learn.S parents shuld encurage children 5.t admit (admit) and crrect when they happen t make mistakes.Children must learn t behave themselves:they aplgize and are grateful fr 6.accepting (accept) thers’ help,because there is n such thing as being t plite.Yu can never say “please”,“thank yu” r “excuse me” t ften;they refuse t lie but avid 7.being fled (fl);they have t manage 8.t slve (slve) their wn prblems;if they make a prmise,they will insist n nt breaking it;they can try using tls and give up 9.risking (risk) leading a dangerus childhd;they enjy eating healthy fd and are expected 10.t keep (keep) fit.
Ⅳ.短文改错It was my 17th birthday and I was lking frward t see my friends.I arrived at my favrite restaurant,waiting fr him.We wuld have the special birthday dinner.I lked fr a familiar face but failed.Sn the restaurant was filled custmers,nne f which were my friends.An hur later,I went back hme,lnely and disappinting.T my great surprise,I fund the dr was wide pen while I arrived hme.Nervusly,I walk int the dark rm.Suddenly,all the light went n and my friends were appeared shuting “surprise”.I had an unfrgettable birthday.
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