(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题4第5讲　特殊句式 (含答案)

这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题4第5讲　特殊句式 (含答案)，共7页。

eq \a\vs4\al(语法填空)
【典题试做】
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China’s apprach t prtecting its envirnment while feeding(feed) its citizens “ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide，” says the bank’s Juergen Vegele.
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)It culd be anything—gardening, cking, music, sprts—but whatever it is, make(make) sure it’s a relief frm daily stress rather than anther thing t wrry abut.
在语法填空中强调句是高考考查的重点，倒装句是高考书面表达的得分点。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的主谓一致也是高考考查的重点项目。 eq \a\vs4\al()
eq \a\vs4\al(短文改错)
【典题试做】
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructr kept repeating the wrds，“Speed up！” “Slw dwn！” “Turning left！” Turning→Turn
1．倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用；
2．强调句型中it或that的误用；
3．感叹句中what和hw 的误用；
4．祈使句中动词原形的误用；
5．There be句型中be动词单复数的误用。 eq \a\vs4\al()
强调句
1．陈述句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他．(强调人时可用that或wh，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他？
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他？
(2017·天津卷)It was when I gt back t my apartment that I first came acrss my new neighbrs.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
(四川卷)Was it n a lnely island that he was saved ne mnth after the bat went dwn?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．的强调句：It is/was nt until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他．(注意时态)
(湖南卷)It was nt until I came here that I realized this place was famus fr nt nly its beauty but als its weather. 直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
■名师点津
(1)当强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，要用陈述句语序。
I wnder wh it was that tld Jim the news.
我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。
(2)强调谓语动词，用d/des/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
倒装句
(江苏卷)Nt until recently did they encurage the develpment f turist­related activities in the rural areas. 直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
(湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter fr several hurs did they reach a decisin.
直到讨论了那个问题几个小时之后他们才做出决定。
(四川卷)We laugh at jkes, but seldm d we think abut hw they wrk. 我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。
(陕西卷)Jhn pened the dr.There std a girl he had never seen befre.
约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。
其他特殊句式
(一)省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
(湖南卷)Children, when accmpanied by their parents, are allwed t enter the stadium.
孩子在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。
2．不定式的省略
(1) 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语), 只保留不定式符号t。常用在expect, hpe, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。
(江苏卷)Firstly, peple may feel frced when asked t d things that they dn’t want t. 首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。
(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词d, 后接不定式时，要省略t；但前面没有实义动词d时，后接不定式时，不能省略 t。
(陕西卷)If he takes n this wrk, he will have n chice but t meet an even greater challenge. 如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
■名师点津
特殊的省略结构(常作为插入语来处理)：
if s 如果这样的话
if nt 并非如此
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if pssible 如果可能的话
if any 如果有的话
(二)感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！
2．hw引导的感叹句
(1)Hw＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)Hw＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
(3)Hw＋主语＋谓语！
(辽宁卷)What a strange plant(＝Hw strange a plant)! I’ve never seen it befre.
多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。
The shcking news made me realize what terrible prblems we wuld face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
(三)祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称yu(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dn’t, 也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加d。
D yur hmewrk befre yu watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。
(四)there be句型
(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem t be, appear t be, happen t be, used t be等替换。
There have been many great changes in ur cuntry since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。
Once upn a time there lived an ld fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
(2)there be句型的常考句型：
There is n pint/sense (in) ding sth.做某事没有意义。
There is n dubt that...毫无疑问……
There is n need (fr sb.) t d sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。
There is (n) difficulty/truble in ding/with sth.做某事(没)有困难。
There is n pssibility f (ding) sth./that...(做)某事没有可能性。
巧解特殊句式
一、熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案
常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他”，其判断方法：若去掉It is/was和that/wh之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。
二、巧用还原法，化难为易
对于一些特殊句型来说，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能降低解题难度。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·天津和平一模)Arund this pint develps(develp) the stry, which is humrus and full f a strng lcal flavr.
2．(2020·天津部分区质调)—It’s nice.Never befre have I had such a delicius meal!
—I’m glad yu enjy it.
3．(2020·北京朝阳二模)S red was her cat that it std ut against the snw.
4．He ffered t get my suitcase ut f the trunk.I cllected it and walked away. S did he.
5．During the visiting, we were tld nt t tuch the equipment in the labratry unless allwed(allw) t.
6．(2020·四川部分名校联测)At the tp f the hill lies(lie) an ld cttage which has a wnderful view f the whle city.
7．(2020·江苏四市调研)One has reasn t believe that China’s anti­crruptin ver the past few years, tugh as/thugh it is, has achieved inspiring prgress.
8．(2020·天津河西质调)Is it he r yu wh/that are in charge f the jb and suppsed t cmplete it punctually?
9．(2020·牡丹江一中摸底)What fun it is t have a cld drink after an exciting game!
10．(2020·西安八校联考)As far as I can see, there is n pssibility that he will win the tennis match this time.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．His writing is s cnfusing that it’s difficult t make ut hw it is he is trying t express. hw→what
2．He hasn’t slept at all fr fur days.There is n wnder that he is wrn ut. There→It
3．(2020·广东六校联盟联考)Making sure thse kids and their families are safe, because living in a cave prvides a different envirnment. Making→Make
4．Nt until then I knw my senir high schl life had really begun. 在I前加did
5．It was a year ag when Jshua gt a bike at Christmas, and he rde it every day. when→that
6．Vide games can be a pr influence if leaving in the wrng hands. leaving→left
7．There appears t have little enthusiasm fr yur idea. have→be
8．(2020·郑州高三质量预测)What attractive and inviting Hangzhu is！What→Hw
9．(2020·青岛模拟)There have sme pieces f infrmatin that I’d like t share with yu.have→are
10．It is nt wh is right but what is right which is f imprtance. which→that
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·怀化一模)The Mid­Autumn Day is a very imprtant traditinal festival in China.It takes its name frm the fact that it 1.is__celebrated(celebrate) in the middle f the autumn seasn.The Mid­Autumn Festival falls n the 15th day f the 2.eighth(eight) lunar mnth.The day is knwn as the Mn Festival, as at that time f the year the mn is at its rundest and 3.brightest(bright)．It is an evening celebratin in 4.which families gather tgether and eat mn cakes.Besides，5.t__make(make) the huse mre beautiful, peple will hang red lanterns in frnt f it.On that day, peple lk back n the past and lk frward t the future tgether.Children will play with their wn 6.tys(ty) and enjy themselves.
The Mid­Autumn Festival celebratins date back 7.t mre than 2，000 years ag.The wrd “Mid­Autumn” first 8.appeared(appear) in the famus ancient bk Zhu Li.Hwever, it was nt until the early Tang Dynasty 9.that peple celebrated the day as a traditinal festival.It became an 10.fficially(fficial) established festival during the Sng Dynasty, and has becme as ppular as the Spring Festival since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Celebratins have cntinued ever since and mre custms fr marking this ccasin have been frmed.
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2020·漳州质检)
Dear friends，
Gd mrning! Tday I want t talk n yu abut public mrals.Nwadays we can still see sme behavir against public mrals.Which is ften the case, peple tend t talk ludly in public places, annyed thers arund.Littering rubbish can be seeing everywhere.In an additin, it’s cmmn the yung sit n the bus while the elderly stand.
Measures must be taken t change this situatin.First f all, as student, we shuld manage ur wn behavir and help peple arund us frm well habits.Meanwhile, it was necessary fr the gvernment and public rganizatins t encurage peple t behave prper.
That’s all.Thanks fr yur attentin!
答案：
Dear friends，
Gd mrning! Tday I want t talk eq \f(n,with/t) yu abut public mrals.Nwadays we can still see sme behavir against public mrals.eq \f(Which,As) is ften the case, peple tend t talk ludly in public places, eq \f(annyed,annying) thers arund.Littering rubbish can be eq \f(seeing,seen) everywhere.In eq \(an,\s\up0(＼)) additin, it’s cmmn eq \(\s\up7(∧,that)) the yung sit n the bus while the elderly stand.
Measures must be taken t change this situatin.First f all, as eq \f(student,students)， we shuld manage ur wn behavir and help peple arund us frm eq \f(well,gd) habits.Meanwhile, it eq \f(was,is) necessary fr the gvernment and public rganizatins t encurage peple t behave eq \f(prper,prperly).
That’s all.Thanks fr yur attentin!
完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)here, there, nw, then, up, dwn, away, ff, in, ut, in the rm, n the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时
部分倒装
否定副词(never, neither, nr, hardly, little, seldm, rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at n time, by n means, n n cnditin, in n case等)置于句首时
nly修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时
部分倒装
“s/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”表示“……也是如此/也不……”
“Nt nly＋部分倒装， but als...”表示“不仅……而且……”
nt until...置于句首时， 主句需部分倒装
S＋adj./adv.＋部分倒装＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋部分倒装＋that...表示“如此……以至于……”