新高考英语二轮复习题型专练32 概要写作主题提炼策略(含解析)

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）32

概要写作主题提炼策略

【概要写作精准提炼主旨四步走】

第1步　读懂原文，明确篇章结构

写概要之前，一定要先通读原文， 确定文章的体裁和主题。在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明确原文的篇章结构。 根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。

[提醒]　一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。

第2步　去次留精，提炼关键信息

·明确全文的篇章结构后， 就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。

·先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。

·原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。

第3步　归纳要点 合理转换表达

明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。 为避免和原文的句子重复， 可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。

转换表达注意遵循2个原则

①不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改变原材料所表达的意思。

②不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。

第4步　句式多样 注意过渡衔接

在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。

【策略演示】

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

(2018年11月，浙江卷)It's a really  to  before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园) like visiting_and_seeing_for_yourself_the_dorms,_classrooms_and_athletic_equipment_and,_of_course,_the_students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if  . But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.

There's  not to  the  in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, ！

If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should  between applying and getting your acceptance letters to  the  you'd like to attend. It_can_save_you_a_lot_of_heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.

Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then  the  at CollegeWeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.

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【思路点拨】

第1步　读懂原文，明确篇章结构

原文是说明文，为确保精彩的大学生活，在申请大学前应抽时间提前了解大学。

第1段：提出观点——在你上大学之前，要亲眼看看想申请的大学。

第2段：一定要去看看当地的大学。

第3段：如在申请之前没去过，在申请之后或得到录取通知书之前，一定要去大学看看。

第4段：如果无法亲自参观，登录网站了解相关信息。

分析各段主旨可判断，文章第1～2段是一个意义段，3～4段分别是2个意义段，故原文3个意义段可归纳为3个要点。

第2步　去次留精，提炼关键信息

本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现， 其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键信息，其他则为次要信息。

第3步　归纳要点，合理转换表达

采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：

①第一段主题句和第二段主题句可概括为要点1：该要点中的“good idea”可用wise choice转述；“in your local area”可转换为 where you live。

②第三段主题句可概括为要点2: 该要点中的“visiting and seeing for yourself”可转换为pay a personal visit。

③第四段主题句可概括为要点3：该要点中的“time and money are making it impossible”可转换为all the above is not affordable。

第4步　句式多样，注意过渡衔接

句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词和状语从句，丰富概要部分的句式。

【参考范文】

As a senior year student, it's a wise choice to visit would­be colleges near where you live before attending them for seeing is believing. (要点1) You should find a chance to pay a personal visit even at your waiting in case you feel disappointed afterwards. (要点2)If all the above is not affordable, you are advised to search the online college fair at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information. (要点3)

【题型演练】

1

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It is important that you teach your baby to read at an early age. Why? Obviously, being able to read is the basis for any successful education, so the earlier they start, the better. All too often, parents leave educating their children up to schools, which probably explains why the United States is currently ranked 18th in its rate of reading and writing.

Teaching your baby to read provides brain exercise and it has also been shown to increase the baby’s IQ because there is simply no better time in a person’s life for learning than when they are babies. During this time, their brains are developing rapidly. The sooner they begin to read, the sooner they can begin to learn other subjects. This way, by the time your children begin school, they will already know what’s being taught, and will be put on the fast track. Maybe they will even skip a grade down the road. One of the cases was 17-month-old Elizabeth Barrett who drew public’s attention. She was given a series of words and even sentences that she could read quite well. Her parents had been reading to her since she was born and had provided her with a very early education.

Reading is the most important thing to teach babies at a young age. It doesn’t have to be stressful or difficult for your child. Learning can be fun at such an early age, and it can be accomplished so easily that they won’t have to struggle in order to learn.

If you’re interested in teaching your baby to read，the best way to start is by spending just a few minutes every day. Flash cards are a helpful tool. Simply show your baby matching picture on the opposite side. There are also videos that help to teach babies to read. There is no better time to teach your baby to read than the present.

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【参考范文】

Teaching your baby to read as young as possible is crucial owing to the necessity of obtaining good education. (要点一) It needs starting as soon as possible because babies’ intelligence will be improved when their brains develop fast. (要点二)Important as it is, relaxation and easiness could be brought into the learning process. (要点三)Therefore, for people keen on teaching babies to read, it is high time to begin with sparing some time regularly with effective teaching materials. (要点四)

【写作分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，为了获得良好的教育，让你的孩子从小就学会阅读是非常重要的。这需要尽快开始，因为婴儿的智力会随着大脑的快速发展而提高。重要的是，放松和轻松可以被带入学习过程。因此，对于那些热衷于教宝宝阅读的人来说，现在应该从定期抽出一些时间来阅读有效的教材开始。

1.要点摘录

①It is important that you teach your baby to read at an early age. Why? Obviously, being able to read is the basis for any successful education, so the earlier they start, the better.

②Teaching your baby to read provides brain exercise and it has also been shown to increase the baby’s IQ because there is simply no better time in a person’s life for learning than when they are babies.

③Learning can be fun at such an early age, and it can be accomplished so easily that they won’t have to struggle in order to learn.

④If you’re interested in teaching your baby to read，the best way to start is by spending just a few minutes every day.

⑤There is no better time to teach your baby to read than the present.

2.缜密构思

要点二和要点三之间形成因果关系，整合四、五要点

3.遣词造句

①Teaching your baby to read as young as possible is crucial owing to the necessity of obtaining good education.

②It needs starting as soon as possible because babies’ intelligence will be improved when their brains develop fast.

③Important as it is, relaxation and easiness could be brought into the learning process.

④Therefore, for people keen on teaching babies to read, it is high time to begin with sparing some time regularly with effective teaching materials.

【范文点评】

[高分句型1]Teaching your baby to read as young as possible is crucial owing to the necessity of obtaining good education. （teaching为动名词作主语，用一个简单句总结了原文第一段的内容）

[高分句型2]Important as it is, relaxation and easiness could be brought into the learning process.（用as引导让步状语从句，总结文章第三段的内容）

2

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

The manta ray is one of the largest fishes in the world, reaching up to 29 feet in width. And manta rays are some of the friendliest creatures. They allow divers to swim right up to them. Unfortunately, these gentle animals are in big trouble. Since 2011, manta rays have been listed as a threatened species worldwide.

Overfishing is considered the biggest threat to giant manta numbers, both intentional and accidental. People catch manta rays for their gill plates — the parts through which they filter their food from seawater — are sold in China for medical purposes. Driven by the huge demand, fishermen have hunted them mercilessly. From 2010 to 2013, the number of rays killed annually to supply the gill plate market tripled to 150,000. Clearly, overfishing is bad for any sea creature, but it’s even worse for giant manta rays. Female mantas usually have only one baby, every two to five years. So every manta ray that was caught hurts the population in a big way.

To protect giant manta population, Peru, a country in South America, recently took a big step to protect giant manta rays. It banned fishing for them. People who break the law can be fined or have their fishing licenses taken away. Even manta rays caught accidentally in fishing nets must be released. Although other countries have passed laws to protect manta rays, Peru’s may be the most important one yet, because there are more giant manta rays in the Pacific Ocean near Peru than in any other place in the world.

Scientists working in the Manta Trust, an organization that researches manta rays, are also trying to protect manta rays by learning more about them. Earlier this year, the organization attached video cameras, called Crittercams, to manta rays off the west coast of Mexico. The photos the cameras collect could help researchers predict where and when manta rays swim. The scientist could use the information to warn fishing boats to avoid these areas, helping reduce the number of accidentally caught manta rays.

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【参考范文】

Though being large and friendly, the giant manta ray are in danger.(要点1) Due to its medical value and huge profit, manta rays are over-hunted, which can be more detrimental for the species given its low productivity.(要点2) To save the endangered species, the Peru government has taken the initiative, carrying out strict laws.(要点3) Besides, scientists are making attempts to protect manta rays through gaining more knowledge of them.(要点4)

【写作分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，尽管巨大的蝠鲼又大又友好，但它们正处于危险之中。由于它的医疗价值和巨大的利润，蝠鲼被过度猎杀，考虑到它的低生产力，这可能对这个物种更有害。为了拯救濒危物种，秘鲁政府采取了主动，实施了严格的法律。此外，科学家们正试图通过更多地了解蝠鲼来保护它们。

1 要点摘录

①The manta ray is one of the largest fishes in the world, reaching up to 29 feet in width. And manta rays are some of the friendliest creatures. Unfortunately, these gentle animals are in big trouble.

②Overfishing is considered the biggest threat to giant manta numbers, both intentional and accidental. People catch manta rays for their gill plates — the parts through which they filter their food from seawater — are sold in China for medical purposes.

③To protect giant manta population, Peru, a country in South America, recently took a big step to protect giant manta rays. It banned fishing for them. People who break the law can be fined or have their fishing licenses taken away.

④Scientists working in the Manta Trust, an organization that researches manta rays, are also trying to protect manta rays by learning more about them.

2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。

3.遣词造句

Though being large and friendly, the giant manta ray are in danger.

Due to its medical value and huge profit, manta rays are over-hunted, which can be more detrimental for the species given its low productivity.

To save the endangered species, the Peru government has taken the initiative, carrying out strict laws.

Besides, scientists are making attempts to protect manta rays through gaining more knowledge of them.

【范文点评】

[高分句型1] Due to its medical value and huge profit, manta rays are over-hunted, which can be more detrimental for the species given its low productivity.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括，其中which引导非限制性定语从句。

[高分句型2] To save the endangered species, the Peru government has taken the initiative, carrying out strict laws.用不定式作目的状语对第三段进行了概括。

3

 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parents always want the best for their children and giving them; the best education is always on top of the list. But if you think education is all they need, maybe you should think twice. Sure, you learn a lot of things in school, but there are important lessons and skills you will need in life that one can only learn at home. Therefore, teaching the children to do household chores is very helpful in their growth. Most families nowadays hire housemaids to do the chores, so children don’t get to experience doing it anymore. But studies argue that it’s still necessary to let children do them.

Helping at home can be a training place for your children to whatever responsibilities they may have in the future. By doing so, they can learn what might be of their advantage when they grow up. “Performing chores offers kids a feeling of self-sufficiency, helps them develop a work ethic, is tied to academic success in school, makes them feel useful and teaches them the importance of helping others and contributing to the greater good.”

Although, most parents can also argue that it is not easy to force their children to do chores. It is a nature for the children to refuse to do chores when they are told to. But there are ways that can turn household chores into a more likely activity for the children. First, start them young. This doesn’t mean that you let your children do huge tasks at an early age. You can gradually increase the level of tasks as they grow old but never ever push them too hard. Second, appreciate every little achievement. Praise them or give them something. Children love rewards and it drives them to do better.

Most importantly, let them know that asking them to help-out is not a punishment. Chores should never be used as a punishment. They might get done in the short term, but the effects won’t last. This approach does not give the child the feeling of doing something because it is the right thing to do. It only makes them hate chores and hoping out even more. Chores should be used as a sense of purpose. Explain to them that it is for their benefit and everything they learn from it is for their advantage.

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【参考范文】

Teaching children to do household chores is very helpful in their growth, which can make home a training place for your children to whatever responsibilities they may have in the future. Although it’s hard to force children to do chores, there are ways that can turn household chores into a more likely activity for the children. But most importantly, chores should be used as a sense of purpose instead of a punishment.

【写作分析】

本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了让孩子学做家务对于孩子成长的重要性，它可以培养孩子的责任心，同时，要运用合理的方式鼓励孩子学做家务，而不是将做家务作为惩罚，要让做家务成为一种使命感。

1.要点摘录

①Therefore, teaching the children to do household chores is very helpful in their growth.

②Helping at home can be a training place for your children to whatever responsibilities they may have in the future.

③Although, most parents can also argue that it is not easy to force their children to do chores. 

④But there are ways that can turn household chores into a more likely activity for the children.

⑤Most importantly, let them know that asking them to help-out is not a punishment.

⑥Chores should be used as a sense of purpose.

2.缜密构思

将第①、②两个要点进行整合；将第③、④两个要点进行整合；将第⑤、⑥两个要点进行整合。

3.遣词造句

Teaching children to do household chores is very helpful in their growth, which can make home a training place for your children to whatever responsibilities they may have in the future.

Although it’s hard to force children to do chores, there are ways that can turn household chores into a more likely activity for the children.

   But most importantly, chores should be used as a sense of purpose instead of a punishment.

【范文点评】

[高分句型1] Teaching children to do household chores is very helpful in their growth, which can make home a training place for your children to whatever responsibilities they may have in the future.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句等表达高级。

   [高分句型2]：Although it’s hard to force children to do chores, there are ways that can turn household chores into a more likely activity for the children. 用although引导让步状语从句对第三段进行了概括，且句中“that”引导定语从句修饰先行词“ways”，表达非常高级。

4

 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Bees are very strange creatures. They have their own way of telling each other that they have found a new flower. They bring some of its nectar (花蜜) back home and then do a little dance that shows where the flower is and how far away it is.

In autumn the worker bees go out and collect as much nectar and pollen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return to make honey and store it for the long cold winter.

Bees build their own houses but they do not always have round tops like people draw them in storybooks. They are usually five storeys high. The queen bee always has the bottom storey. In between the bottom storey and all the rest there are bars only just wide enough for the workers to pass through. The queen bee can never go up to the other floors because she is bigger than all the other bees. The storeys the queen can’t enter are where the store rooms are. There are rooms for pollen, nectar and royal jellies (蜂王浆). If there is a fire the workers have to cover the walls and entrance of the rooms. They have to move the honey and the nectar and pollen away from the hot walls of the room.

The queen is the only that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drone. Once the queen has laid the eggs she throws the drone out because a drone just sits around eating honey and nectar. He cannot go out and collect pollen because drones do not have pollen-carrying things on their legs like the workers have.

Young bees are called nurses because they have to nurse the newborn bees whether they like it or not. What a bee ends up being when it grows up depends on what it eats. If it is to be a queen it must feed on royal jellies and it must never, ever set eyes on another queen. If it does they must fight till only one of them is still alive.

【参考范文】

Bees are weird animals and have a unique way to communicate with one another. (要点1) Worker bees work tirelessly to store food. (要点2) Unlike worker bees, the relaxing queen bee takes up the bottom storey of the five-storey house. (要点3) She even deserts the drone after she finishes using him. (要点4) Same as worker bees, young bees need to work to care for newborn bees, but they can only leave their futures to what they eat. (要点5)

【写作分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍蜜蜂家族生存习性、不同分工及蜂房布局。

1 要点摘录

1）Bees are very strange creatures. They have their own way of telling each other that they have found a new flower.

2）In autumn the worker bees go out and collect as much nectar and pollen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return to make honey and store it for the long cold winter.

3）They are usually five storeys high. The queen bee always has the bottom storey.

4）The queen is the only that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drone.

5）Young bees are called nurses because they have to nurse the newborn bees whether they like it or not.

2.缜密构思

将1、2、3、4、5段各概括为一个要点，共5个要点。

3.遣词造句Bees are weird animals and have a strange way to communicate with each another.

Worker bees work very hard to store food.

Unlike worker bees, the relaxing queen bee always takes up the bottom storey of the five-storey house.

She even throws the drone out after she finishes using him.

Young bees need to work to care for newborn bees, but they can only leave their futures to what they eat.

【范文点评】

[高分句型1] Unlike worker bees, the relaxing queen bee takes up the bottom storey of the five-storey house.运用介词短语作状语，对第三段内容进行概括，简练明白。

[高分句型2]She even deserts the drone after she finishes using him.运用含有时间状语从句的复合句对第四段内容进行高度概括。

[高分句型3]Same as worker bees, young bees need to work to care for newborn bees, but they can only leave their futures to what they eat. 运用文章纽带衔接词but，以及名词性从句what they eat将第五段进行高度概括。

5

 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

College students need textbooks to help them learn and earn an academic degree. However, on top of tuition, room and board and meals, why are textbooks so expensive? Textbooks cover many areas of knowledge. They are prepared specifically with a lot of information that include many original pictures, special charts, and specific data. Textbooks are extremely useful to students for learning and profitable for the companies that publish them. While textbooks can be a financial burden on the student, they can be profitable for a book scouter (侦察员).

A book scouter is an opportunist who buys cheap used books at thrift stores (二手店) or book sales, and sells them for more money. Brand new textbooks are the most desired of books for scouters since they typically cost over $100. Of course, used textbooks don’t cost as much. But when the scouter goes to a thrift store and book sales at libraries, textbooks can cost as little as several dollars. So, buying used textbooks that are new is one of the most profitable books that sellers can buy.

Unfortunately, many college textbook editions change every year, which eliminates (消除) the student’s chance to use last year’s edition. So, they will have to pay more money for brand new textbooks. The sad reality is that very few changes are generally made between editions.

Book scouters search for textbooks as well as other categories of books available at local thrift stores or book sales. Textbooks that are new or relatively new are marked down to just a few dollars. Then they can be sold on Amazon for potentially high profits. Amazon buys new textbooks for a lot more money than most other types of books. If you want to try scouting textbooks to make a profit, buy their newest editions or the ones ahead of them. Buy it in the best condition possible. If you live in a town or city where there is a university, you have a better chance of finding good textbooks.

Although textbooks can be expensive for the average student, he or she could potentially sell them on Amazon for the same price that they were purchased. Just remember, knowledge is power and can be profitable too.

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【参考范文】

Textbook burdens students financially but is profitable for book scouters. (要点1) They buy used but new books and sell them out for extra money. (要点2) However, because of the subtle editions change, students have to buy new books. (要点3) Therefore, it’s wise to buy the newest version for more profits. (要点4) And students can sell their books out again for the same price they bought when they don’t use them any more. (要点5)

【写作分析】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二手教科书回收者通过回收使用过但是依旧保存良好的的课本并出售来赚钱这一现象。

1 要点摘录

①While textbooks can be a financial burden on the student, they can be profitable for a book scouter.

②So, buying used textbooks that are new is one of the most profitable books that sellers can buy.

③Unfortunately, many college textbook editions change every year, which makes students pay more money for brand new textbooks.

④If you want to try scouting textbooks to make a profit, buy their newest editions or the ones ahead of them.

⑤Although textbooks can be expensive for the average student, he or she could potentially sell them on Amazon for the same price that they were purchased.

2.缜密构思

将各要点进行整合，使得逻辑连贯。

3.遣词造句

Textbooks can be a financial burden on the student but be profitable for a book scouter.

Book scouters buy used books which are new and sell them out for profits.

However, textbook editions have subtle change every year, which makes students have to buy brand new textbooks.

Therefore, if you want to make more profit, buy the newest version.

Students can also sell their books out for the same price that they were purchased when they don’t use them any more.

【范文点评】

[高分句型1]  However, because of the subtle editions change, students have to buy new books. 运用介词短语because of…作状语对第三段大部分内容进行了概括。

[高分句型2] And students can sell their books out again for the same price they bought when they don’t use them any more. 用省略关系代词的定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句对最后一段进行了概括。