(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第3册　Unit 3　Diverse Cultures (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第3册　Unit 3　Diverse Cultures (含答案)，共13页。




教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．gumbo n．秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤)
2．nachos n．[pl.]墨西哥玉米片
3．chip n．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片
4．cheese n．干酪；奶酪
5．spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的
6．ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的
7．graffiti n．[pl.]涂鸦；胡写乱画
8．comic n．连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的
9．china n．瓷；瓷器
10．jazz n．爵士乐
11．bar n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子
12．diagram n．简图；图解；图表；示意图
13．Atlantic adj.大西洋的
14．jeans n．牛仔裤
15．boot n．靴子
16．mushroom n．蘑菇；蕈
17．accessory n．配饰；附件；配件
18．souvenir n．纪念物；纪念品
19．herbal adj.药草的；香草的
20．California加利福尼亚(美国州名)
21．Huangguoshu Waterfall黄果树瀑布
22．Journey to the West 《西游记》
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．occur vi.发生；出现
2．downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心
3．mission n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命
4．district n．地区；区域
5．afterwards(NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后；后来
6．seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
7．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物
8．claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
9．escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
10．fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平
11．super adv.特别；格外adj.顶好的；超级的
12．climate n．气候
13．mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的
14．material n．材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的
15．clothing n．衣服；服装
16．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服；套装
17．item n．项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)
18．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳
19．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
2．fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
3．admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费
4．definitely adv.肯定；确实→definite adj.明确的；无疑的
5．historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的
6．earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得→earning n．收入；收益
7．immigrant n．(外来)移民；外侨→immigrate vi.移入；自外国移入→immigration n．移居入境；移民
8．select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→selection n．选择；挑选→selective adj.选择性的；有选择的
9．minority n．少数民族；少数派；少数人→minor adj.次要的；较小的
10．financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的→finance n．财政，金融
11．poetry n．诗集；诗歌；诗作→poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌
12．poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→poison n．毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害
13．collection n．作品集；收集物；收藏品→collect vt.搜集；收藏
14．settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→settlement n．解决；定居→settler n．殖民者；移居者
15．construction n．建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→construct vt.建设；建造
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．head to(朝……)前进；(向……)去
2．seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
3．earn a living谋生
4．series of一系列或一连串(事件)
5．apart from(especially NAmE aside from)除了……外(还)；此外
6．bring about导致；引起
7．to name but a few仅举几例
8．(at) first hand第一手；亲自
高频词汇来助力
1．consult vt.咨询；请教；商量
2．contradictory adj.矛盾的；反对的
3．conventional adj.传统的；因循守旧的
4．convey vt.表达；传达
5．controversial adj.有争议的；引起争议的
6．conversation n．谈话；交谈
7．corporation n．公司，法人
8．correspond vi.一致；通信
经典句式需悟通
1．And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
这是一座多么了不起的城市啊——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。
2．To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开设了商店和餐馆。
3．What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
4．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently.
唐人街的居民中大多数还是华人，他们中的许多人都不会说流利的英语。
5．...and there are Chinese tea stores，where visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea.
……而且那儿也有中国的茶叶店，在里面游客可以品尝和购买各种中国茶叶。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共5分)
1．cheese n．干酪；奶酪
2．graffiti n．[pl.]涂鸦；胡写乱画
3．jazz n．爵士乐
4．mushroom n．蘑菇；蕈
5．herbal adj.药草的；香草的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共15分)
6．occur vi.发生；出现
7．downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心
8．district n．地区；区域
9．afterwards adv.以后；后来
10．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物
11．claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
12．escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
13．super adv.特别；格外 adj.顶好的；超级的
14．climate n．气候
15．mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的
16．material n．材料；布料；素材adj.物质的；实际的
17．clothing n．衣服；服装
18．item n．项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)
19．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳
20．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)
21．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
22．fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
23．admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费
24．select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→selection n．选择；挑选→selective adj.选择性的；有选择的
25．financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的→finance n．财政，金融
26．collection n．作品集；收集物；收藏品→collect vt.搜集；收藏
27．construction n．建筑；建造→construct vt.建设；建造
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题2分，共10分)
28．consult vt.咨询；请教；商量
29．contradictory adj.矛盾的；反对的
30．conversation n．谈话；交谈
31．corporation n．公司，法人
32．correspond vi.一致；通信
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共16分)
33．head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去
34．seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
35．earn a living谋生
36．series of一系列或一连串(事件)
37．apart from/aside from除了……外(还)；此外
38．bring about导致；引起
39．to name but a few仅举几例
40．(at)first hand第一手；亲自

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．The district has taken on a fresh look since the new roads were built.
2．As is known to us all，there are 55 minority groups in China，each with its traditional customs and culture.
3．The company claims that their product can make you slim without dieting.
4．The driver narrowly escaped being killed in the traffic accident.
5．It is impossible for this country to recover in a short time from this financial(金融的) crisis.
6．Tom came in for a cup of tea and he went out soon afterwards(之后)．
7．Yesterday they went downtown(往市中心) and rode the cable cars.
8．The book contains(包含) 50 stories，including 15 short stories.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．There are diverse cultures in our country，but it’s the diversity that makes our motherland wonderful.(diverse)
10．He went to America to seek his fortune and imagined he would be very fortunate，but unfortunately，he couldn’t even make ends meet.(fortune)
11．He admitted that he was admitted into a financial school，but he hadn’t received the letter of admission.(admit)
12．He is very selective about books，so he often selects some books for his kids to read.Look! Here is a selection of his books.(select)
13．The poet has written many poems and I have bought a poetry of him.(poet)
14．He loves collecting stamps and he often shows off his collections in front of others.(collect)
15．With the problem settled，they finally got a new settlement.(settle)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．你买的纪念品真漂亮！
What a beautiful souvenir you have bought!
17．为了谋生，他必须每天早起。
To earn a/his living，he must get up very early every day.
18．让这个地区出名的是其多种多样的文化。
What makes the district famous is its diverse cultures.
19．这位女士挑选了很多衣服，都很适合她。
The lady selected many clothes，all of which suited her well.
20．最后，他们定居在了一个气候温和的地方。
At last，they settled down in a place where the climate was mild.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
After 1.camping(camp) in the Redwood Forest，I spent a whole day in San Francisco,2.where there are many beautiful old buildings sitting on top of big hills.I walked around in the Mission District，which used to be a poor area of town,3.but is now a centre for art，music and food.In the afternoon，I paid a visit 4.to a local museum that showed the 5.historical(history) changes in California.I learned that America got California from Mexico in 1848.In 6.the same year，gold 7.was discovered(discover) near San Francisco，which 8.started(start) a gold rush.Over 300,000 immigrants from all over the world came here 9.to seek(seek) their fortune.They also brought their 10.cultures(culture) with them.In the evening，I went to Chinatown and had a great meal in a Cantonese restaurant.Tomorrow evening，I will go to a jazz bar in the Richmond District.I can’t wait to go there.


Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Reading for Writing部分

Historically，Chinese immigrants 1.settled in the Chinatown during the railroad 2.construction period.Afterwards，it developed into a center for Chinese culture.Here people experience a real taste of China 3.first hand when visiting the Dragon Gate made of 4.materials from China，Tin How Temple and the Portsmouth Square.The stores which offer a unique range of 5.souvenirs are most visited.However，what tourists treasure most is its food.There is Chinese food to 6.suit everyone’s taste.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
fortune n.机会；运气；大笔的钱；财富；命运
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Many immigrants headed to California to seek their fortune(fortunate) but ended up doing diverse odd jobs to earn a living.
(2)Fortunately(fortune)，curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.(2020·天津)
(3)We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate(fortune) enough to have success，you should put something back.
•seek/try one’s fortune找出路；碰运气
make a fortune发财；赚钱
have the good fortune to do sth.有幸做某事
•fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)
be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.有幸做某事
•fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily)

再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵
(4)他决定到市区去碰碰运气，看看能不能发财。他有幸得到了市长的帮助，并且幸运地成功开办了自己的公司。
He decided to seek/try his fortune downtown to see if he could make a fortune.He was fortunate to get the help of the mayor and successfully started his own business fortunately.
admit v.承认；准许进入(或加入)；接纳；可容纳
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Afterwards，he had to admit putting(put) some poisonous mushrooms in the soup.
(2)Alice put it in the newspaper，admitting(admit) that though she liked it，she didn’t know where it came from or what it really meant.
(3)To his pleasant surprise，his son has been admitted into/to a key university.
(4)It is said that admission(admit) to the concert is ￡5.
•be admitted into/to被录取；被接收
admit doing sth./having done sth.承认做过某事
admit that...承认……
admit sb./sth.to be＋adj./n.承认某人/某物(事)为……
•admission n．承认；供认；入场费

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(5)既幽默又有耐心，程老师被认为是最好的老师之一。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Being humorous and patient，Mr Cheng was admitted to be one of the best teachers.
occur vi.(occurred，occurred，occurring)发生；出现
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)It occurred to me that I could go downtown to buy some souvenirs after the mission.
(2)We are the products of evolution，and not just evolution that occurred(occur) billions of years ago.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
•occur to sb.某人突然想到；想起
It occurs to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想到……
•表示“某人突然想到……”还常用下列句型：
It strikes sb.that.../ It hits sb.that...
注意：occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)妈妈突然想起她把帐篷落在我们前一天晚上住的旅馆里了。
①It occurred to Mother that she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.(occur)
②It struck Mother that she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.(strike)
③It hit Mother that she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.(hit)
escape v．逃脱；逃走；泄漏；避开；被忘掉
n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Only a minority of students want to escape taking(take) the responsibility for their own behavior.
(2)A prisoner attempted to escape from the prison，but in vain.
•escape from从……逃脱，从……逃跑
escape (doing) sth.避开(做)某事
escape being done逃避(被)做某事
•have a narrow escape死里逃生

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(3)最后，我们九死一生，幸运地逃过了被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害。(2020·浙江，读后续写)
At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear.
settle vi.定居；安家；停留
vt.使定居；(使)平静下来；安排；解决
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)At last，he settled down in a district where there were diverse ethnic groups.
(2)At the Jorvik Viking Centre in York，the city’s Viking settlement(settle) is recreated，and people experience the sights，sounds and smells of the old town.
(3)Having settled in/into a beautiful village，he settles down to his writing.
•settle down (使)安定；安居；平静下来
settle in/into安顿下来；习惯于；适应
settle down to (doing) sth.开始认真(做)某事
•settlement n．定居点；协议；解决
•settler n．移居者；殖民者

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)每天有许多的问题要解决，我感到压力很大。(应用文之求助信)
With so many problems to settle every day，I feel greatly stressed.
bring about引起；导致
bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐
bring in引进；获利；赚钱
bring out出版；使显现
bring down使倒下；减少；降低
bring back把……带回来；使回忆起；使恢复

根据句意用bring短语的正确形式填空
(1)I don’t clearly remember who brought up the question but clearly remember it brought about a heated discussion.
(2)The reason why the goods are sold at such a low price is that the manufacturers are willing to bring down the price in return for big volume purchases.
(3)The picture often brings back to me many happy memories of my high school days.
what引导名词性从句
What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Ten minutes later，we arrived at what we called Gum Tree.
(2)What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.
(3)The village is not what it was decades ago.
what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当句子成分(主要作主语、表语和宾语)。可以译成多种意思：……的东西或事情；……的人或样子；……的数量或数目；……的时间；……的地方等。

再提能力——完美写作·单句写作/完成句子·背诵
(4)让我印象最为深刻的是她的独特的教学方式。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
What impressed me most was her unique teaching method.
(5)一个新体育馆在曾经的荒地上建了起来。
A new stadium was built on what used to be a wasteland.
(6)你应该关注的是整个句子而不是每一个单词的意思。(应用文之建议信)
What you should focus on is the meaning of the whole sentence rather than every single word.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
1．settle

(1)After years of travel，we decided to settle in London. C
(2)With the difficult problem settled，he went to the cinema with his friends. A
(3)I tried to settle the crying baby down，but in vain. B
2．claim
A.vt.宣称　B.vt.索回　C.n.要求　D.vt.认领 E.vt.夺走

(1)Heart disease is the biggest killer，claiming 180,000 lives per year. E
(2)It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week. A
(3)You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged. B
(4)He repeatedly pushed forward his own claim. C
(5)If the owner doesn’t claim the dog in 48 hours，you can apply for adoption. D
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．He decided to try his fortune( fortunate) by entrusting doctors with his life and accepting an operation.
2．Jim was bitten by a dog in the park.Fortunately(fortune)，he got slightly injured.
3．My colleague admitted complaining(complain) a great deal about income.
4．With a lot of difficult problems to settle(settle)，the new manager felt much tension.
5．Unfortunately，an accident occurred(occur) to the chairman.Though first aid was conducted in time，he passed away at last.
6．The physician wanted to escape taking(take) responsibility for the medical malpractice.
7．Men who reject to settle down after marriage tend to harm their wives.
8．Your jeans are not suitable for such a formal occasion，so you’d better replace it with a suit.(suit)
9．The boy tripped over，the container containing milk crashed，the milk spilt everywhere，and he was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself.(contain)
10．It suddenly occurred to me that I had missed the appointed time.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(2020·全国Ⅱ，报道采摘活动)
1．为了丰富学生们的生活，我校组织我们到红星农场摘苹果。(不定式作目的状语)
In order to enrich students’ life，our school organized us to pick apples on Hongxing Farm.
2．我们早晨7点出发，很快到达农场，那里栽了很多种果树。 (where引导的定语从句)
We set off at 7 o’clock in the morning and soon we got to the farm，where various fruit trees were planted.
3．大多数同学没有见过农场，开始四处探索。(of whom引导的定语从句)
Students，most of whom hadn’t seen a farm，began to explore everywhere.
4．然而，最让我们兴奋的还是摘苹果。(what引导的名词性从句)
However，what excited us most was picking apples.
5．通过这次活动，我们不仅玩得开心，还意识到了劳动的重要性，多么有意义的一次活动啊。(what引导的感叹句)
Through this activity，not only did we have fun，but also we became aware of the significance of labor.What a meaningful activity！


请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：省略)

I had always been attracted to ethnic cultures.So I went to Dali，Yunnan province，a district of diverse minorities.A 1.definitely super experience.In fact，at first，I thought there would be a large percentage of 2.constructions made of primitive materials due to financial difficulty.However，it turned out that the downtown area 3.contained bars in which jazz was played and shops where special clothing，accessories and souvenirs were for sale.Many people are immigrants from other places.Some come to 4.seek their fortune or (to) earn a living while others 5.settle down to escape from the cold north of China.Afterwards，we 6.headed to a neighborhood where the Bai ethnic group live.I participated in series of activities，including knowing poisonous mushrooms，learning about herbal medicine，and 7.collecting items unique to the Bai.Apart from this，I tasted really spicy local food.I experienced the culture first hand and (I) wrote journals neatly every day.

练基础——使用省略结构改写句子
1．John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.
John worked hard but his brother did not.
2．—Can you finish your work today?
—I think I can finish my work today.
—Can you finish your work today?
—I think so.
3．If it is necessary，we will finish it ahead of time.
If necessary，we will finish it ahead of time.
4．While I was reading a thrilling story，I felt an icy hand touched me from behind.
While reading a thrilling story，I felt an icy hand touched me from behind.
5．If the medicine is taken according to the directions，this medicine has no side effect on people.
If taken according to the directions，this medicine has no side effect on people.

技巧一点通
•在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
•在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether...or...，unless，whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语一致且从句谓语中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
•在英语中，可以用so，not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。

提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
很抱歉，我不能按照计划和你一起去书店了，因为昨天在踢足球时我扭伤了脚踝。下星期天早晨八点你方便吗？如果不方便，请告诉我什么时间最适合你。期盼你的回复。
I’m terribly sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you as planned，because I sprained my ankle while playing football yesterday.Is 8 o’clock next Sunday morning convenient for you? If not，please tell me what time suits you best.Looking forward to your reply.