辽宁省鞍山市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-04阅读回答问题&阅读还原&多任务混合阅读

辽宁省鞍山市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编

04阅读回答问题&阅读还原&多任务混合阅读

一、阅读回答问题

（2022·辽宁鞍山）阅读短文，根据短文内容，回答下列问题。

Everyone has their favorite food. Some might love chocolate. Some might love potato chips. Think about your favorite food. Have you ever wondered why your favorite food tastes so delicious? The answer is about your tongue（舌头）and nose. There are some taste buds（味蕾）on your tongue. They give you the sense of taste. How do the taste buds work? In fact, there are many tiny hairs on the taste buds. These tiny hairs send messages to your brain about how something tastes. In this way, you know whether it is sweet, sour, bitter or salty.

A person has about 10,000 taste buds. They keep working all the time when we enjoy our food. The taste buds don’t always stay the same. They are replaced（更新）every two weeks or so.

However, as a person gets older, some of these taste buds don’t get replaced. The old may only have 5,000 working taste buds. That’s why some foods may taste stronger for you than they do for the old.

Besides your tongue, your nose also helps you learn about the taste of food. Sometimes,   strong smells can even confuse（使困惑）your sense of taste. Try holding an onion under your nose while eating an apple. What do you taste?

So next time you enjoy salty pizza and sweet ice cream, thank your tongue and your nose. Without them, you won’t have any sense of taste at all. Without the sense of taste, life will be boring.

1．Why does your favorite food taste good?

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2．How do the taste buds work according to the passage?

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3．How often are the taste buds replaced?

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4．Does only your tongue help you learn about the taste of food?

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5．How will people feel if they don’t have the sense of taste?

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（2021·辽宁鞍山）阅读短文，根据短文内容，回答下列问题。

Poverty（贫困）is a big problem around the world. But China has found its own way to fight poverty. Instead of just giving money to poor people, it has tried to educate people and give them the tools they need to lift themselves out of poverty. Common people and good partnerships（合作）play a big role. President Xi Jinping honored role models in the fight. Here are two of them.

Born in Heilongjiang Province, Zhang Guimei traveled to Yunnan when she was 17. She has been helping girls get education for more than 40 years. As a teacher, Zhang was sad when she saw her students quit school（辍学）. Many of them couldn’t go to college because their families couldn’t afford it. So in 2008, Zhang started a free school for poor girls. Since then, Zhang has been busy asking for donations（捐赠）to provide money for the school. She has convinced（说服）parents to send their daughters back to school. The school has sent more than 1,800 students to universities and colleges.

In 1997, Mao Xianglin started to work as the Party secretary of his village. Around the village are 1,000-meter-tall cliffs（悬崖峭壁）, and there was only one pathway（小路）out of the village for many years. It took villagers three days to walk to the nearest town. Mao decided to build a road. He led more than 100 villagers to build the road with their hands. It took them seven years to build an eight-kilometer road. But their work has improved people’s lives. It now takes just one hour to drive to the nearest town. Mao then encouraged the villagers to grow oranges. Last year, their orange yield（产量）was nearly 40 tons. By the end of 2019, 269 villagers had been lifted out of poverty.

6．Did China fight poverty just by giving money to poor people?

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7．Why couldn’t many of Zhang Guimei’s students go to college?

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8．How many students in Zhang’s school have been sent to universities and colleges?

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9．How long did Mao Xianglin and the villagers spend in building the 8-kilometer road?

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10．According to the passage, how did Mao Xianglin lift the villagers out of poverty?

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（2020·辽宁鞍山）The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China. That’s because it will hold not only the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing, but also the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.

On August 6, 2018, the official emblem (会徽) for the Hangzhou Asian Games came out. The city won the hosting right (主办权) for the 2022 Asian Games in 2015. It will be the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010.

People first held the Asian Games in 1951. It is the largest sports event in Asia. It also means a lot to China. The Beijing Asian Games were the first large international sports event that was hosted by China. To make the games a great success, Chinese people worked hard to prepare. Beijing built a great number of roads and stadiums (体育场) , including the famous Beijing Olympic Sports Center and Asian Games Village. The Games helped the world see China and its achievements. Since then, China has improved its global image (形象) .

For the coming 2022 Asian Games, Hangzhou has already started building 33 sports venues (场馆) .The themes of the Hangzhou Asian Games are “green, smart, economical (经济的) and civilized (文明的)”. All the Games’ buildings will be environmentally friendly.

11．Which city will host the 2022 Asian Games?

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12．How many times has China hosted the Asian Games?

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13．Did Beijing only build stadiums to get ready for the Asian Games?

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14．What did the world see through the Beijing Asian Games?

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15．What are the themes of the 2022 Asian Games?

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二、阅读还原5选5

（2022·辽宁鞍山）阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选择合适的句子还原到短文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。

The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games were more than a sporting event. ____16____ They are helping athletes（运动员）become “faster, higher, stronger” and offering you a great game-watching experience with the support of 5G. Let’s look at some technologies behind the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games. The National Speed Skating Oval（国家速滑馆）is said to have “the fastest ice”, as twelve new Olympic records and one world record were set there, including Chinese speed skater Gao Tingyu’s Olympic record of 34.32 seconds in the men’s 500 meters.

____17____ If the ice surface temperature doesn’t change much, the ice will stay even flatter（平滑的）. Liquid carbon dioxide（液体二氧化碳） is put under the ice to keep the temperature changes on the ice surface within half a degree. ____18____

In events like freestyle skiing and ski jumping, the direction and speed of the wind can have a great influence on an athlete’s performance. Some events only last a few seconds and the wind is changing all the time. A research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院） developed a system to measure wind. ____19____ It allows athletes and coaches to “see” wind directly with real-time data（数据）on their pads（便携式电脑）and decide when and where to jump.

During the speed skating race, athletes can reach speeds of up to 18 meters per second. To catch every exciting moment of the competition, we have used Lie Bao for the event. Lie Bao is a 4K high-definition（高清） camera system developed by China Media（媒体的）Group. ____20____ It closely follows the athletes’ movements and catches different scenes during speed skating, according to the report.

A．The system uses AI technology.

B．They were also a show for science and technology.

C．The secret is a new ice-making technology.

D．It can record speeds of up to 25 meters per second.

E．That keeps the ice a flat surface and it is easier to skate on.

（2021·辽宁鞍山）Did you know that chocolate comes from a tree? The cacao（可可）tree gets large brown fruits called cocoa pods（荚）, and inside the pods are cocoa beans. To make chocolate, first we leave the beans in the dark for a few days, and then dry them in the sun. ____21____ That liquid（液体）is pressed until it separates and the result is cocoa butter（可可脂）, which can be turned into chocolate. ____22____

The first people to grow cacao trees for chocolate were the Mayans, who lived in Mexico thousands of years ago. ____23____ When people from Spain came to Mexico, they discovered the drink, they took chocolate home with them, and soon the love for chocolate spread all over Europe!

Wouldn’t you like to have a cacao tree in your garden so you could have your own special supply（供应）of chocolate? Well, don’t even think about it! ____24____ What a pity!

Chocolate is good for you as long as you don’t eat it all day long! It has iron, which is good for your body! ____25____ So don’t eat too much, and remember to brush your teeth after you eat it!

A．They used chocolate to make a special drink.

B．What a lot of work just to make a piece of chocolate!

C．But remember where there is chocolate, there is sugar!

D．After that, the beans are pressed hard until a dark liquid comes out.

E．Cacao trees can only grow in rainforests, where it is very hot and rainy all the time.

（2020·辽宁鞍山）For years I have noticed that successful people have one thing in common — curiosity(好奇心). Curiosity is important because it provides you with new ideas. _____26_____ Here are some tips that you can follow.

Expect things to be fun. Once you do it, it will be much easier for you to find the fun side of almost anything. _____27_____

Always have questions in your mind. Whenever you deal with a topic, have questions in your mind. Find the answers and ask new questions. _____28_____ They can change your learning process from being boring to being interesting.

Challenge new things. By accepting a new challenge, you will have a chance to prove(证明) to yourself (or perhaps to others) that you can make it. One good way to do that is to create a competition with your friends to find out who can do something faster or better.

_____29_____ Things will be more exciting if you can connect what you’re learning with what you’ve already known. Why? Because that improves your understanding of the world and allows you to see new things that you haven’t noticed before.

Add variety(多样性) to your life. Make some changes in your life by starting new topics. Read books in new fields(领域). _____30_____

Just one phrase can express all the advice above clearly：make things fun.

A．Questions keep your mind busy.

B．So how can you develop curiosity?

C．Meet people from all walks of life(社会各界).

D．And also, more doors of chance will open for you.

E．Connect new things with what you’ve already known.

三、多任务混合阅读

（2022·辽宁鞍山）阅读短文，根据短文内容，按要求完成任务。

As the language’s global(全球的) influence continued to spread, more than 70 countries and regions(地区) had included Chinese as part of their national education system by the end of last year, the Ministry of Education said in June.

(A)Over 20 million people are learning Chinese outside of China, and it became one of the official languages of the United Nations World Tourism Organization in January.

An international student at Beijing International Studies University said she started to learn Chinese in the first grade at her primary school in Panama(巴拿马). Both her parents moved to Panama from Guangdong Province, and (C)she can also speak Spanish and Cantonese(粤语). “China is developing very fast, and being able to speak Chinese will give me more chances around the world,” she said.

To meet some learners’ need, Chinese-language teachers are using new ways such as the Global Chinese Learning Platform(平 台). Started in October, 2019, the platform had attracted more than 2.1 million users from 170 countries and regions by the end of last year.

The platform has developed a mobile app. It supports Chinese, English, Russian, Japanese, Korean and Thai. In the future, it will support more languages.

When COVID-19 broke out,(B)it was not convenient for the students at home and abroad to study in the classroom. The platform helped them to continue learning Chinese online. It has a lot of resources(资源) and offers an immersive(沉浸式的) learning experience.

It’s said that about 40 million students around the world have taken Chinese-language exams over the years. Chinese language learning is going global now.

31．把（A）处画线句子翻译成汉语。

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32．把（B）处画线句子翻译成汉语。

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33．写出（C）处画线单词指代的内容。

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34．在文中找出描述当前学习平台功能的两个动词短语。

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35．找出或概括能体现本文大意的句子。

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（2021·辽宁鞍山）阅读短文，根据短文内容，按要求完成任务。

Liu Jichen believes good behavior (表现) should be encouraged so that it will become a good habit. The young man has succeeded in making millions of people form the habit of clearing their plates as part of the nation’s efforts to cut down food waste.

Liu Jichen and his team have developed a WeChat mini-program called “Clear Your Plate”. After a meal, users can open the mini-program and take a picture of (A) their empty plates. Once the picture is recognized (被识别) by the AI (人工智能), users can collect points. (B) They can be used to buy products or give away meals to children and old people in need.

Bi Haibao is a 26-year-old teacher from a college in Qingdao, Shandong Province. He was one of the program’s first users before it went popular on campus (校园). He led a student team to join in a competition for the “empty plate” campaign (活动). The result is good, as many students mentioned their awareness (意识) of food saving had improved. Students who use the AI program might gradually form good habits of saving food.

Liu, who believes technology can help with “Clear Your Plate”, said refusing food waste should be a lifestyle choice for everyone. (C) “We make our efforts to encourage young people to save food,” he said.

36．把（B）处画线句子翻译成汉语。________________

37．把（C）处画线句子翻译成汉语。________________

38．写出（A）处画线单词指代的内容。________________

39．“光盘”后，用户怎样才能获得积分？请从文中找出两个动词短语。________________

40．找出或概括能体现本文大意的句子。________________

（2020·辽宁鞍山）Everyone has hobbies. Hobbies bring us a lot of happiness. For most of us, the activities we do are common and easy to do. However there are other people who like to take risks. They are more interested in doing extreme(极限) sports, such as snowboarding, diving and rock climbing.

 (A) Rock climbing is so exciting that many people enjoy it. You can do it indoors on special walls or outdoors on real mountains. There are many advantages to rock climbing — it is fun and it also helps people to forget their worries.

The more important equipment(装备) to have is good shoes. They need to be half a size smaller than your usual size. The next thing you need is a harness(保护带). This allows you to move freely, but will hold you up if you fall. It’s important to know how to use your equipment. If you are a beginner(初学者), it’s best to have lessons. A climber with experience can help you a lot when you are learning to climb.

Rock climbing is very popular with people of different ages. (B) However, rock climbers must be careful not to pollute the environment. Sometimes rock climbers leave rubbish on the mountains where they climb. They should take (C) it with them and throw it away. This will let future climbers enjoy a clean environment.

41．把（A）处画线句子翻译成汉语。

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42．把（B）处画线句子翻译成汉语。

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43．写出（C）处画线单词指代的内容。

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44．列举出两项文中提到的极限运动。

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45．用短语或句子简要概括本文大意。

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参考答案：

1．Because of your tongue and nose.    

2．There are many tiny hairs on the taste buds. These tiny hairs send messages to your brain about how something tastes.    

3．Every two weeks or so.    

4．No.    

5．They will feel bored.

【导语】本文介绍了关于味觉的相关信息。

1．根据“The answer is about your tongue and nose. There are some taste buds on your tongue. They give you the sense of taste.”可知，是因为舌头和鼻子，它们可以帮助我们品尝食物。故填Because of your tongue and nose.

2．根据“In fact, there are many tiny hairs on the taste buds. These tiny hairs send messages to your brain about how something tastes. In this way, you know whether it is sweet, sour, bitter or salty.”可知，舌头上有味蕾，味蕾上细小的毛发向我们的大脑发送关于食物味道的信息。故填There are many tiny hairs on the taste buds. These tiny hairs send messages to your brain about how something tastes.

3．根据“The taste buds don’t always stay the same. They are replaced every two weeks or so.”可知，味蕾大约每两周更换一次。故填Every two weeks or so.

4．根据“Besides your tongue, your nose also helps you learn about the taste of food.”可知，除了舌头，鼻子也能帮助你了解食物的味道，所以此处是作否定回答。故填No.

5．根据“Without the sense of taste, life will be boring.”可知，没有味觉，生活就会枯燥无味。故填They will feel bored.

6．No, it didn’t.    

7．Because their families couldn’t afford it.    

8．More than 1,800 students.    

9．Seven years.    

10．He built an eight-kilometer road and encouraged the villagers to grow oranges.

【分析】本文主要介绍了两位英雄在中国脱贫之路上所做出的贡献。

6．根据“Instead of just giving money to poor people, it has tried to educate people and give them the tools they need to lift themselves out of poverty”可知，它不是仅仅给穷人捐钱，而是努力教育人们，给他们帮助他们摆脱贫困所需要的工具，故填No, it didn’t.

7．根据“Many of them couldn’t go to college because their families couldn’t afford it”可知，因为他们的家人无法负担得起，故填Because their families couldn’t afford it.

8．根据“The school has sent more than 1,800 students to universities and colleges”可知，已经向大学和学院输送了1800多名学生，故填More than 1,800 students.

9．根据“It took them seven years to build an eight-kilometer road”可知，花了七年时间修了一条八公里长的路，故填Seven years.

10．根据“It took them seven years to build an eight-kilometer road. But their work has improved people’s lives”及“Mao then encouraged the villagers to grow oranges”可知，通过修路和鼓励村民种橘子来引导人民摆脱贫困，故填He built an eight-kilometer road and encouraged the villagers to grow oranges.

11．Hangzhou（will host the 2022 Asian Games）.    

12．China has hosted the Asian Games twice./Two times. /Twice./Two./2.    

13．No, it didn’t.    

14．（The Games helped the world see）China and its achievements./China’s global image.    

15．The themes of the Hangzhou/2022 Asian Games are “green, smart, economical and civilized”.或Green, smart, economical and civilized.

【分析】本文讲述了2022年将是中国体育的大年。不仅将在北京举办第24届冬奥会，而且还将在杭州举办第19届亚运会。北京亚运会是中国举办的第一个大型国际体育赛事，北京为此做的充分准备让中国改善了自己的国际形象，为了迎接2022年的19届亚运会，杭州也做了充分的准备。

11．根据“The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China. That’s because it will hold not only the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing, but also the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou”，可知，杭州将举办2022年的第19届亚运会，故填Hangzhou（will host the 2022 Asian Games）.

12．根据“It will be the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010”，可知，中国在北京和广州已经举办过两次亚运会，故填China has hosted the Asian Games twice./Two times. /Twice./Two./2.

13．根据“Beijing built a great number of roads and stadiums”，可知，北京修建了大量的道路和体育场来迎接亚运会，所以答案是否定的，故填No, it didn’t.

14．根据“The Games helped the world see China and its achievements. Since then, China has improved its global image”，可知，通过北京亚运会让世界看到了中国的成就和国际形象，故填（The Games helped the world see）China and its achievements./China’s global image.

15．根据“The themes of the Hangzhou Asian Games are “green, smart, economical (经济的) and civilized (文明的)””，可知，杭州亚运会的主题是“绿色，智能，节俭，文明”，故填The themes of the Hangzhou/2022 Asian Games are “green, smart, economical and civilized”.或Green, smart, economical and civilized.

16．B    

17．C    

18．E    

19．A    

20．D

【导语】本文主要介绍了北京冬季奥运会使用的一些高科技。

16．根据“The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games were more than a sporting event.”可知，北京2022年冬奥会不仅仅是一场体育赛事，选项B“它们也是科学和技术的展示”符合语境，故选B。

17．根据“If the ice surface temperature doesn’t change much, the ice will stay even flatter.”可知，此处提到关于冰的技术，选项C“秘密是一种新的制冰技术”符合语境，故选C。

18．根据“Liquid carbon dioxide is put under the ice to keep the temperature changes on the ice surface within half a degree.”可知，液态二氧化碳被置于冰下，以保持冰表面的温度变化不超过半度，选项E“这样可以使冰面保持平坦，更容易滑冰”符合语境，故选E。

19．根据“It allows athletes and coaches to ‘see’ wind directly with real-time data on their pads and decide when and where to jump.”可知，它可以让运动员和教练通过垫板上的实时数据直接“看到”风向，并决定何时跳向何处。选项A“该系统使用了人工智能技术”符合语境，故选A。

20．根据“It closely follows the athletes’ movements and catches different scenes during speed skating, according to the report.”可知，据报道，它密切跟踪运动员的动作，捕捉速度滑冰过程中的不同场景。选项D“它可以记录高达每秒25米的速度”符合语境，故选D。

21．D    

22．B    

23．A    

24．E    

25．C

【分析】本文向我们介绍巧克力的来历，并给出我们一些建议。

21．根据后句“That liquid（液体）is pressed until it separates and the result is cocoa butter（可可脂）, which can be turned into chocolate.”可知，这种液体被挤压直到分离，得到的是可可脂，可以转化为巧克力。此处提及一种液体，选项D“在那之后，咖啡豆被压得很紧，直到流出一种黑色的液体。”符合语境，故选D。

22．根据本段内容可知，主要介绍巧克力是怎样从树上变成最终的巧克力，此处在段尾进行总结，选项B“仅仅为了做一块巧克力，要做多少工作啊！”符合语境，故选B。

23．根据“When people from Spain came to Mexico, they discovered the drink”可知，当西班牙人来到墨西哥时，他们发现了这种饮料，此处提及饮料，选项A“他们用巧克力做一种特殊的饮料。”符合语境，故选A。

24．根据“Wouldn’t you like to have a cacao tree in your garden so you could have your own special supply（供应）of chocolate? Well, don’t even think about it!”可知，难道你不想在你的花园里种一棵可可树，这样你就可以拥有自己的特殊巧克力供应了吗？想都别想！此处提及不可能在家中种可可树的原因，选项E“可可树只能生长在热带雨林中，那里非常炎热，经常下雨。”符合语境，故选E。

25．根据“So don’t eat too much, and remember to brush your teeth after you eat it!”可知，所以不要吃太多，吃完后记得刷牙，此处提及吃太多巧克力不好的原因，选项C“但是记住，哪里有巧克力，哪里就有糖！”符合语境，故选C。

26．B    

27．D    

28．A    

29．E    

30．C

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何培养自己好奇心的一些方法。

26．根据下文“Here are some tips that you can follow”可知，此处是问怎样才能开发自己的好奇心呢？B选项So how can you develop curiosity?“那么你如何培养好奇心呢”符合语境，故选B。

27．根据上文“Expect things to be fun”可知，对事物抱有有趣的期待，这样会发现更多的机会之门。D选项And also, more doors of chance will open for you“而且，更多的机会之门将为你打开”符合语境，故填D。

28．根据本段首句“Always have questions in your mind”可知，此处说的与问题有关。A选项Questions keep your mind busy“问题让你的大脑忙碌”符合语境，故选A。

29．根据下文“Things will be more exciting if you can connect what you’re learning with what you’ve already known”可知，此处说的与将新事物与所学事物联系起来有关。E选项Connect new things with what you’ve already known“把新事物和你已经知道的联系起来”符合语境，故选E。

30．根据上文“Add variety(多样性) to your life”可知，此处与拓展多样性有关。C选项Meet people from all walks of life“会见各界人士”符合语境，故选C。

31．在中国以外，有超过2000万人在学习汉语，在一月，汉语成为联合国世界旅游组织的官方语言之一。     

32．对国内外的学生来说，在教室里学习很不方便    

33．an international student at Beijing International Studies University    

34．supports Chinese, English, Russian, Japanese, Korean and Thai；helped them to continue learning Chinese online    

35．Chinese language learning is going global now.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍汉语学习正在走向世界。

31．Over 20 million people are learning Chinese超过2000万人在学习汉语，outside of China在中国以外，and连接两个句子，it它，became成为，one of the official languages of the United Nations World Tourism Organization联合国世界旅游组织的官方语言之一，in January在一月。故填：在中国以外，有超过2000万人在学习汉语，在一月，汉语成为联合国世界旅游组织的官方语言之一。

32．it was not convenient for……是不方便的，the students学生，at home and abroad在国内外，to study in the classroom在教室里学习。故填：对国内外的学生来说，在教室里学习很不方便

33．根据“An international student at Beijing International Studies University said she started to learn Chinese in the first grade at her primary school in Panama. Both her parents moved to Panama from Guangdong Province, and (C)she can also speak Spanish and Cantonese.”可知，此处she指的是“An international student at Beijing International Studies University北京第二外国语大学的一名国际学生”，故填an international student at Beijing International Studies University。

34．根据“It supports Chinese, English, Russian, Japanese, Korean and Thai.”和“The platform helped them to continue learning Chinese online.”可知，平台支持汉语、英语、俄语、日语、韩语和泰国语，帮助他们继续在线学习中文。故填supports Chinese, English, Russian, Japanese, Korean and Thai；helped them to continue learning Chinese online。

35．本文主要介绍汉语学习正在走向世界，故填Chinese language learning is going global now.

36．它们可以用来购买产品或给需要的儿童和老人送餐。    

37．我们努力鼓励年轻人节约粮食，    

38．the users’

39．open the mini-program；take a picture of their empty plates    

40．Students who use the AI program might gradually form good habits of saving food.

【分析】文中主要讲“光盘打卡”小程序帮助人们减少食物浪费的情况。

36．They指代上文的“points”，译为“它们”；can可以；be used to buy products被用来购买产品；or或者；give away meals送餐；to children and old people in need给需要的儿童和老人。故填“它们可以用来购买产品或给需要的儿童和老人送餐。”

37．We我们；make our efforts努力；to encourage鼓励；young people年轻人；to save food节约粮食。故填“我们努力鼓励年轻人节约粮食，”

38．根据“After a meal, users can open the mini-program and take a picture of their empty plates.”可知划线部分指代上文提到过的用户们的。故填the users’。

39．根据“After a meal, users can open the mini-program and take a picture of their empty plates. Once the picture is recognized by the AI, users can collect points.”可知吃饭后，用户打开小程序，拍下空盘子的照片，被识别后会得到积分。故填open the mini-program；take a picture of their empty  plates。

40．文中主要讲“光盘打卡”小程序帮助人们减少食物浪费的情况。结合全文内容，可知用“Students who use the AI program might gradually form good habits of saving food.”这句话可提现文章大意。故填Students who use the AI program might gradually form good habits of saving food.

41．攀岩运动是如此令人兴奋以致于许多人喜欢它。    

42．然而，攀岩者必须/务必/一定小心不要污染环境。    

43．rubbish    

44．snowboarding, diving, rock climbing（选其中两样即可）    

45．Rock climbing

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当下流行的极限运动——攀岩。

41．Rock climbing攀岩，is是，so … that …如此……以至于……，exciting令人兴奋的，many people enjoy it许多人都喜欢它。组合起来可得句子“攀岩运动是如此令人兴奋以致于许多人喜欢它”，故填：攀岩运动是如此令人兴奋以致于许多人喜欢它。

42．However然而，rock climbers攀岩者，must必须/务必/一定，be careful小心，not不，to pollute the environment污染环境。组合起来可得句子“然而，攀岩者必须/务必/一定小心不要污染环境”，故填：然而，攀岩者必须/务必/一定小心不要污染环境。

43．根据上文“Sometimes rock climbers leave rubbish on the mountains where they climb”可知，此处it指代的是上文提到的rubbish。故填rubbish。

44．根据原文“They are more interested in doing extreme(极限) sports, such as snowboarding, diving and rock climbing”可知，文中提到的极限运动有滑雪、跳水和攀岩。故填snowboarding, diving, rock climbing（选其中两样即可）。

45．通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当下流行的极限运动——攀岩。故填Rock climbing。