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高中英语上教版必修一 Unit2.单元知识点讲解
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Unit 2 Language and Culture
【词汇和短语】
confusing adj. 难以理解的
soil n. 国土；领土；土壤
immediate adj. 立即的，立刻的
confusion n. 困惑；不确定
embarrassment n. 奢迫;难堪，左右为难
pleasant adj. 令人偷快的；可喜的
deliver v. 递送；传送
signal v. 发信号；示意；标志；表明
wrist n. 手腕
shrug v. 耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎)
obviously adv. 显然，明显地
fault n. 责任；过失
fade v. 逐渐消失；逐渐消逝
memory n. 回忆；记忆
fluency n. 流利，流畅
literally adv. 按字面；字面上
context n. 上下文，语境
linguist n. 语言学家
within prep. 不出(某段时间)；在(某段时间)之内
attitude n.看法；态度
dramatically adv. 显著地；剧烈地
appointment n. 约会；预约
panic v. .(使)惊慌，惊慌失措
ironically adv. (因出乎意料)奇怪地
set foot on进入，访问，参观(某地)
fry n. 炸薯条
snail n. 蜗牛
cheese n. 奶酪
amazed adj. 大为惊奇的
portion n. (食物的)一份
chip n. (BrE) 炸薯条
plate n. 盘子；碟子
packet n. 小包装纸袋，小硬纸板盒
crisp n. 炸土豆片，炸薯片
gravy n. (调味)肉汁
salty adj. 含盐的；咸的
sauce n. 调味汁；酱
savoury adj. 咸味的
snack n. 点心；小吃
embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的
pants n. (BrE) 内裤；短裤 (especially NAmE) trousers 裤子
underwear n. 内衣
disgusted adj.厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的
eggplant n. 茄子
pizza n. 比萨饼；意大利饼
likely adj. 可能的；预料的
vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量
all the way —路上；自始至终
on earth (加强疑问句的语气)到底，究竟
gesture n. 手势；姿势；示意动作
differ v. 相异；有区别；不同于
mostly adv.主要地；一般地；通常
besides adv. 而且；再说；prep. 除……之外(还)
hug v. 拥抱；搂抱
alternative n. 可供选择的事物
differ from 区别于；不同于
【词汇重点】
1. confusing adj. difficult to understand; not clear 难以理解的
The instructions on the box are very confusing.
盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
【拓展】
1.）confuse
v. To confuse someone means to make it difficult for them to know exactly what is happening or what to do. 使困惑
My words surprised and confused him.
我的话使他既惊讶又困惑。
2）confused adj. If you are confused, you do not know exactly what is happening or what to do. 困惑的
A survey showed people were confused about what they should eat to stay healthy.
一项调查表明人们对于保持健康该吃什么很困惑。
3) confusion 见第4条讲解。
2. soil n. a country; an area of land 国土；领土
the top layer of the earth in which plants, trees, etc. grow 土壤
【近义词辨析】
clay, mud, dust, ground, land, earth, dirt, soil
这组词都有“土地，土，泥”的意思，其区别是：
clay 特指潮湿时发粘，而火烤后变坚硬的泥土。
mud 指湿土，尤指雨后稀泥、污泥。
dust 特指土壤干燥后，飞扬于空中的细微泥土。
ground 通常指大地的表面，也可指土壤、泥土或场地。
land 含义笼统。指与河流、海洋相对的陆地，也指可耕种的土地。
earth 多指地表带有水分的泥土，较具体。
dirt 指地表的干松泥土。
soil 特指适宜栽种农作物或生长各种植物的泥土。
3. immediate adj. happening or done without delay 立即的，立刻的
She demanded an immediate explanation.
她要求立即作出解释。
immediately adv. 立即，马上
4. confusion n. a state of not being certain about what is happening, what you should do, what sth means, etc.困惑；不确定
There's still confusion about the number of students.
学生的人数依然不清楚。
5. embarrassment n. shy, awkward or guilty feelings; a feeling of being embarrassed 奢迫;
难堪
We apologize for any embarrassment this may have caused.
我们为可能会带来的任何尴尬而道歉。
【拓展】
embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. A person who is embarrassed feels shy, ashamed, or guilty about something. 尴尬的
He looked a bit embarrassed.
他看上去有点尴尬。
6. torn /to:n/ adj. to be unable to decide or choose between two people, things or feelings (在两者之间)难以选择，左右为难
Robb is torn between becoming a doctor and a career in athletics.
罗布在成为医生和从事体育运动之间犹豫不决。
7. deliver v. to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to 递送；传送
They deliver to within a 5-mile radius of the store.
他们在距离商场5英里的范围内送货上门。
【拓展】
1）. vt. 实现; 履行
They have yet to show that they can really deliver working technologies.
他们仍需证明他们确实能够实现可用的技术。
2). vt 发表 (演讲)
The president will deliver a speech about schools.
校长将发表关于学校的演讲。
3）. vt. 给 (产妇) 接生
Although we'd planned to have our baby at home, we never expected to deliver her ourselves!
尽管我们是打算在家生孩子，可我们从未想过要自己给她接生。
8. signal v. to make a movement or sound to give sb a message, an order 发信号；示意
to be a sign that sth exists or is likely to happen标志；表明
1）. n. 信号
They fired three distress signals.
他们发射了3次遇难求救信号。
2）.vt/vi. (打手势或发声音) 向…示意; 发信号
Mandy started after him, signalling to Jesse to follow.
曼迪开始追赶他，示意杰西跟上。
She signalled to Ted that she was moving forward.
她向特德示意她要向前走。
3）. vt. 表示;表明
He seemed to be signalling important shifts in U.S. government policy.
他似乎在表示美国政府的政策将会有些重大变化。
9. fault n. the responsibility for sth wrong that has happened or been done 责任；过失
There was no escaping the fact: it was all his fault.
无法逃避这一事实：这都是他的错。
His manners had always made her blind to his faults.
他的彬彬有礼总使她看不见他的缺点。
【近义词辨析】
mistake, shortcoming, error, fault
这组词都有“缺点”的意思，其区别是：
mistake 指判断或理解方面，或指因考虑不周而造成的错误，搭配是make a mistake。
shortcoming 缺点，可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。
如：In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(尽管他缺点多，我仍然喜欢他。)
error 是通用词，指任何错误，“犯错误”可以说commit /make an error。
fault 表示“过失”，可与error通用，现多用来指缺点，特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。
如：There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)
【固定短语】
find fault with 挑剔，找毛病。
He loved best to find fault with me.
他最喜欢找我的岔了
9. fade v. to disappear gradually 逐渐消失；逐渐消逝；褪色
Prospects for peace had already started to fade.
和平的前景已开始变得暗淡。
Seaton lay on his bed and gazed at the ceiling as the light faded.
西顿躺在床上凝视着天花板， 那时光线逐渐变暗。
All colour fades – especially under the impact of direct sunlight.
所有颜色都会褪色–尤其是在直射阳光的影响下。
10. fluency n. the quality of being able lo speak or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well流利，流畅
His son was praised for speeches of remarkable fluency.
他的儿子非常流利的发言受到了表扬。
【拓展】
fluent adj. 流利的；
She studied eight foreign languages but is fluent in only six of them.
她学了8种外语，但流利的只有其中的6种。
11. literally adv. in a way that uses the most basic meaning of a word or phrase rather than an extended or poetic meaning按字面；字面上
Literally, it doesn't seem to see what it does.
从字面上来看，好像看不出来它是干嘛的。
【拓展】
literally adv. 确实地
Putting on an opera is a tremendous enterprise involving literally hundreds of people.
上演一台话剧是一项巨大的事业，它确实要几百个人参与。
12. context n. the words that come just before and after a word, phrase or statement and help you to understand its meaning 上下文，语境
Without a context, I would have assumed it was written by a man.
如果没有一个语境，我会以为这是由一个男人写的。
【词组短语】
in the context of 在…情况下；在…背景下
in this context 关于这点；由此而论；由于这个原因；在这个背景下
cultural context 文化环境，文化脉络
social context 社会背景；社会环境；社会情境
13. attitude n. the way that you think and feel about sb/sth 看法；态度
That sort of attitude really gets my back up!
那种态度实在叫我恼火！
【词组短语】
positive attitude 积极态度
attitude toward…. 针对...的态度；意见
14. dramatically adv. very suddenly and to a very great and often surprising degree 显著地；剧烈地
The cost of living has increased dramatically.
生活费用已大幅增长了。
【拓展】
dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 突然引人注目的; 戏剧的; 有关戏剧的
A fifth year of drought is expected to have dramatic effects on the California economy.
预计连续干旱的第五个年头将对加利福尼亚州的经济产生引人注目的影响。
a dramatic arts major in college.
一个在学院主修戏剧艺术专业的学生。
drama n. 戏剧
15. appointment n. a formal arrangement to meet or visit sb at a particular time 约会；预约
She has an appointment with her accountant.
她和她的会计师有个约会。
【拓展】
appointment 1) n. 任命
His appointment to the cabinet would please the right wing.
他进入内阁的任命会令右翼高兴。
2). n. 职务; 职位
Mr. Fay is to take up an appointment as a researcher.
费伊先生将担任研究员的职务。
appoint v. 任命
It made sense to appoint a banker to this job.
任命一位银行家做这项工作是合理的。
【固定搭配】
appoint sb. as… 任命某人为…
16. panic v. to suddenly feel frightened so that you cannot think dearly and you say or do sth stupid, dangerous, etc.(使)惊慌，惊慌失措
An earthquake has hit the capital, causing damage to buildings and panic among the population.
一场地震袭击了首都，造成建筑物的损坏和人们的惊慌。
另外 panic也可以作名词，表示惊慌失措的局面、恐慌。
There was a moment of panic as it became clear just how vulnerable the nation was.
随着国家如此脆弱变得明显，出现了一阵恐慌局面。
I'm in a panic about getting everything done in time.
我处于一阵要把一切及时安排就绪的恐慌中。
17. ironically adv. in a way that is strange or amusing because it is very different from what you expect (因出乎意料)奇怪地；具有讽刺意味地
Ironically, for a man who hated war, he would have made a superb war cameraman.
具有讽刺意味的是，他这样一个憎恨战争的人曾经可能成为一名优秀的战地摄影师。
18. fry v. When you fry food, you cook it in a pan that contains hot fat or oil. 炸
Fry the breadcrumbs until golden brown.
把这些面包屑炸到金褐色为止。
fried food 油炸食品
fried fish and chips 炸鱼和土豆条（经典的英式快餐）
19. portion n. an amount of food that is large enough for one person (食物的)一份
Desserts can be substituted by a portion of fresh fruit.
甜点可以替换成一份新鲜水果。
The portions were generous.
份量很足。
【拓展】
portion作名词，还有“部分”的意思：
Damage was confined to a small portion of the castle.
城堡仅有一小部分受到了损坏。
I have spent a considerable portion of my life here.
我已在这里度过了一生中的大部分时光
20. embarrassed adj. (of a person or their behaviour) shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation (人或行为)(尤指在社交场合)窘迫的，尴尬的
例句参见词条5拓展。
21. disgusted adj. feeling or showing disgust 厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的
He disgusted many with his boorish behaviour.
他以其粗鲁的行为使许多人感到厌恶。
I'm disgusted with what she said.
我对她的话很反感。
【固定搭配】
be disgusted with …对…感到反感。
22. likely adj. probable or expected 可能的；预料的
The most likely outcome may be to subcontract much of the work to an outsider.
最有可能的结果是把大量工作分包给外部人员
【固定搭配】
be likely to do sth. 有可能去做某事。
23. gesture n. a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning 手势；姿势；示意动作
They communicated entirely by gesture.
他们完全用手势交流。
【拓展】
gesture v. 向…打手势，用动作示意。
I gestured toward the boathouse, and he looked inside.
我朝停船小屋打手势，他在里面看了看。
24. differ v. to be different from sb/sth相异；有区别；不同于
The story he told police differed from the one he told his mother.
他告诉警察的话和告诉他母亲的不同。
different adj 不同的，有区别的；
A is different from B ：A和B不同
London was different from most European capitals.
伦敦与大多数的欧洲首都城市不同
【固定搭配】
differ in... 在…不同
French and English differ in this respect.
在这方面法语和英语不同。
differ between ... 在…之间不同
Ideas on childcare may differ considerably between the parents.
在抚育儿童方面父母的观点可能迥然不同
【词组短语】
differ from 与…不同；区别于…
differ in 不同在；在…方面存在不同
differ with 与…意见不一；与…不调和
opinions differ 见仁见智；各人意见不同；不能达成一致意见；看法不一
beg to differ 恕不同意
25. mostly adv. mainly; generally主要地；一般地；通常
I am working with mostly highly motivated people.
我正与大多都积极性很高的人们共事。
Cars are mostly metal.
汽车大多是金属制成的。
【词语辨析】
most 用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词, most people,
mostly 大部分,是副词 the people are mostly…
26. besides adv. used for making an extra comment that adds to what you have just said 而且；再说
I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.
我觉得她除了非常漂亮之外，还有许多好的品质。
【形近词辨析】
besides adv 除了…还有
beside prep. 在…旁边
试比较：
beside 在……旁边。如：Come and sit beside me.
besides 除……之外。如：I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
注意 besides prep. in addition to sb/sth; apart from sb/sth 除……之外(还),前后涉及的人或事物用加法；
except 除了….没有；前后涉及到的事物用减法。There no one except you and I. 除了你我没有别人。
There are still 2 people waiting at the gate besides Uncle Marry.
除了玛丽姑姑，还要2个人在门口等候。
27. alternative n. a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities 可供选择的事物；替代品
It would provide hundreds of millions of dollars for research into alternative energy sources.
它可以提供数亿美元用于可替代能源的研究。
【拓展】
ADJ An alternative plan or offer is different from the one that you already have, and can be done or used instead. 另外的；可供选择的
There were alternative methods of travel available.
有另外的旅行方式可采用。
【核心词组】
1. all the way —路上；自始至终
He had to walk all the way home.
他不得不一路步行回家。
2. on earth (加强疑问句的语气)到底，究竟
Where on earth did you spring from?
你究竟是从哪儿冒出来的？
What on earth are you doing?
你究竟在干什么？
注意区分：
on the earth, on earth, in the earth
on the earth 在地上，在地球上，
on earth 在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，no use on earth
in the earth 在地下，在泥土里
3. differ from 区别于；不同于
Your needs can differ from day to day.
你的需要可能每天都在变化。
4. set foot on进入，访问，参观(某地)
It was the first time I had set foot on African soil.
那是我第一次踏上非洲大地。
【课堂练习】
I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.
alternative gesture differ fade embarrassment deliver
confusion likely signal disgusted appointment
1. You mustn't fire without my signal.
没我的信号不许开枪。
2. I'm disgusted with what she said.
我对她的话很反感.
3. He made a rude gesture with his fingers.
他用手指做了一个不礼貌的手势.
4. Allow me to clear up this confusion.
请允许我澄清这种混淆.
5. It's so cloudy and cold that it's likely to snow.
天气又阴又冷,大半要下雪.
6. She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
7. He's not used to making speeches in public; it's so embarrassing.
他不习惯在大庭广众中演讲, 因为这太使人窘迫了.
8. When the night light gradually faded, the world entered the dark.
当夜晚的灯光渐渐褪去, 世界就进入了黑暗.
9. A parcel weighing half a ton has just been delivered.
一个半吨重的包裹刚刚递送出去.
10. Drivers are advised to seek alternative routes.
驾车者被告知需另寻其他路线。
II. Translation
1. 我们如今足不出户就可以了解国家大事。(be informed)
考点：了解国家大事大事be informed of what is happening around the country
足不出户就可以做某事了can do sth without leaving one’s house
Nowadays, we can be informed of what is happening around the country without leaving our houses.
2. 他凡事没有自己的主张，总是人云亦云。(repeat)
考点：凡事都没有自己的主张have no opinion of one’s own about everything
人云亦云repeat what others say
He has no opinion of his own about everything and always repeats what others say.
He always repeat what others say without having his own ideas about everything.
3. 与你相比，我所做的微不足道。(compare)
考点：微不足道sth be trivial / insignificant 我所做的 what I have done
与A相比，B Compared with A, B…
Compared with what you have done, what I have done is trivial / insignificant.
4. 老先生虽然无依无靠，但仍然助人为乐。(depend)
考点：某人无依无靠 sb has no one to depend on 助人为乐 be ready to help others
Although the old man has no one to depend on, he is till ready to help others.
5. 独生儿子在灾难中丧生后， 这对老夫妇相依为命。(depend)
考点：独生儿子one’s only son 在灾难中丧生be killed in a disaster
这对老夫妇相依为命 the old couple depend on each other
The old couple has depended on each other since their only son was killed in a disaster.
After their only son died in a disaster, the old couple depended on each other.
6. 很多人把无偿献血当成理所当然的事情。(grant)
考点：把做某事当成理所当然的事 take it for granted that sb does sth/ take it for granted to do sth
无偿献血donate one’s blood without payment
Many people take it for granted that they donate their blood without payment.
Many people take it for granted to donate their blood without payment.
7. 主队赢得比赛后，球迷们欣喜若狂。(wild)
考点：主队the host team 赢得比赛win the game 欣喜若狂be wild with joy
After the host team won the game, its fans were wild with joy.
8. 十年来， 老教授不遗余力地帮组那位素不相识的病人。(effort)
考点：不遗余力地做某事 spare no effort to do sth
那位素不相识的病人the patient whom he doesn’t know at all
In the past decade, the old professor has spared no effort to help the patient he didn’t know at all.
9. 有时候父母会对孩子的合理要求置之不理。(notice)
考点：对…置之不理take no notice of sth
某人的合理要求one’s reasonable demands / requirements / requests
Sometimes, parents take no notice of their children’s reasonable demands / requirements / requests.
10. 应该教会孩子自力更生。（own）
考点：自力更生live on one’s own/ depend on one’s own effort
Children should be taught to live on their own.
Children should be taught to depend on their own effort.
【语法详解】
1. 句子成分；
2. 简单句的5种类型。
一、句子成分的分类：
主语： 动作的发出者。
1. American country music has become more and more popular.
2. We often speak English in class.
3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.
4. Smoking does harm to the health.
5. The rich should help the poor.
谓语： 主语发出的动作状态。
1. I don't like the picture on the wall.
2. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
3. We had better send for a doctor.
4. He is interested in music.
表语 ：用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词(如be, ...look, smell, ... become, get, ... 等)之后。
1. Our English teacher is an American.
2. The weather has turned cold.
3. The little boy looks very happy.
宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面
1. My brother hasn’t done his homework.
2. People all over the world speak English.
3. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
4. The old man said he was ill.
双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
宾语补足语：宾语发出的动作或状态。
1. I found the book interesting.
2. Do you smell something burning?
3. He asked her to take the boy out of school.
4. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
5. We must keep it a secret.
状语：在句子中表时间，地点，原因，方式，比较等的单词或短语就是状语
1. We go to school on foot every day.
2. They will meet at the airport at 6:00 tomorrow.
3. Because of his illness he can’t go swimming.
4. I will tell him the news when he comes back next week.
定语：在句子中修饰名词代词的单词或短语就是定语
1. He bought an interesting book.
2. The boy in the room is my brother.
二、简单句5种基本类型：
1、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) （动词为不及物动词）
The red sun rises in the east.红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。
Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。
His parents have worked in the company for ten years.
他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。
What he said does not matter.他说的话不重要。
They had to travel by boat.他们不得不乘船旅行。
The egg hatched. 这只蛋孵化了。
The accident happened because of his carelessness.
这次事故发生是因为他的粗细大意。
It weighs nearly 27 kilos (about 65 pounds)
它重近27千克(约65磅)。
2、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
Our English teacher is thirty years old.我们的英语老师30岁了。
The cake tastes delicious.这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。
The potatoes went bad in the field.土豆在地里就坏了。
They seemed very happy together.他们在一起好像很幸福。
It gets colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。
The leaves have turned yellow. 树叶已经变黄了。
3、句型3：
Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)（谓语为及物动词） ＋ Object (宾语)
He put the dictionary in the backpack.
他把词典放进了背包里。
I saw her just now and she was doing her homework in the classroom.
我刚才看到她了,她正在教室做作业。
They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party.
他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。
She stopped teaching English two years ago.
她两年前就不教英语了。
Do you know when he left for Beijing?
你知道他什么时候去的北京吗?
Mother promised to give me a present.
母亲答应要给我一件礼物。
Would you mind opening the window?打开窗户你介意吗?
注意：跟不定式to do 作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
注意：常要求接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
注意：只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有
admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑
delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅
fancy 想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃
cannot help 情不自禁 imagine 设想 include 包括 keep 保持
mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 逃过 put off 推迟 practice 练习
resist 抵制 risk 冒险
4、句型4：
Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
Mr. Smith taught us English last year.
史密斯先生去年教我们英语。
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
Would you please pass me that dictionary?
=Would you please pass that dictionary to me?
请你把那本词典递给我好吗?
He bought his mother a new sweater with his first month’s salary.
=He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first month’s salary.
他用第一个月的工资给母亲买了一件新毛衣。
He showed the guard his ticket.他把票给守卫展示了一下。
His contribution won him a good fame.他的贡献为他赢得了良好的声誉。
注意：主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如果把表示物的直接宾
语放在表示人的间接宾语前,需要借助于介词to或for。to表示:朝着,向着,
对着;for表示:为(某人),替(某人)。
需要借助介词to的动词有:bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return,
send, show, teach, tell, write等。
需要借助介词for的动词有:bring, buy, cook, find, get, make, order, save, spare等。
5、句型5： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
If you let me go. I’ll make you king. (名词作宾补)
I consider Tom my best friend. (名词作宾补)
Leave the door open. (形容词作宾补)
We found Li Ming out when we arrived. (副词作宾补)
Make yourself at home. (介词短语作宾补)
I saw a stranger enter the building. (不定式作宾补) 省略to的不定式
The boss kept them working all day. (现在分词作宾补)
Yesterday he had his leg broken. (过去分词作宾补)
【课堂练习】
一． 找出以下句子的表语、直接宾语、间接宾语和宾语补足语。[来源:Z。xx。]
1. You look nice today.
2. The fact is that we don’t know him at all.
3. It is getting cooler and cooler as autumn comes.
4. Please pass me the book over there.
5. My father bought me a computer last year.
6. What you did made me happy.
7. My friend asked me to lend him some money.
二． 中译英
1. 他又高又帅。________________________________________________________________
2. 4年后她成了一名教师。_______________________________________________________
3. 在母亲节那天，他送给他妈妈一束花。（a bunch of flowers）
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. 明天我带些好吃的给你。______________________________________________________
5. 李老师教我们英语。_________________________________________________________
6. 警察命令他把车停下来。_____________________________________________________
答案：
一. 1. nice 表语 2. that we don’t know him at all 表语 3. cooler and cooler 表语 4. me 间宾；the book 直接宾语 5. me间宾；a computer 直宾 6. happy 补语 7. to lend him some money 宾补
二． 1. He is tall and handsome.
2. Four years later, she became a teacher.
3. On Mother’s Day, he sent his mother a bunch of flowers.
4. I will bring you something delicious.
5. Miss Li teaches us English.
6. The policeman ordered him to stop his car.
【词汇和短语】
confusing adj. 难以理解的
soil n. 国土；领土；土壤
immediate adj. 立即的，立刻的
confusion n. 困惑；不确定
embarrassment n. 奢迫;难堪，左右为难
pleasant adj. 令人偷快的；可喜的
deliver v. 递送；传送
signal v. 发信号；示意；标志；表明
wrist n. 手腕
shrug v. 耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎)
obviously adv. 显然，明显地
fault n. 责任；过失
fade v. 逐渐消失；逐渐消逝
memory n. 回忆；记忆
fluency n. 流利，流畅
literally adv. 按字面；字面上
context n. 上下文，语境
linguist n. 语言学家
within prep. 不出(某段时间)；在(某段时间)之内
attitude n.看法；态度
dramatically adv. 显著地；剧烈地
appointment n. 约会；预约
panic v. .(使)惊慌，惊慌失措
ironically adv. (因出乎意料)奇怪地
set foot on进入，访问，参观(某地)
fry n. 炸薯条
snail n. 蜗牛
cheese n. 奶酪
amazed adj. 大为惊奇的
portion n. (食物的)一份
chip n. (BrE) 炸薯条
plate n. 盘子；碟子
packet n. 小包装纸袋，小硬纸板盒
crisp n. 炸土豆片，炸薯片
gravy n. (调味)肉汁
salty adj. 含盐的；咸的
sauce n. 调味汁；酱
savoury adj. 咸味的
snack n. 点心；小吃
embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的
pants n. (BrE) 内裤；短裤 (especially NAmE) trousers 裤子
underwear n. 内衣
disgusted adj.厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的
eggplant n. 茄子
pizza n. 比萨饼；意大利饼
likely adj. 可能的；预料的
vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量
all the way —路上；自始至终
on earth (加强疑问句的语气)到底，究竟
gesture n. 手势；姿势；示意动作
differ v. 相异；有区别；不同于
mostly adv.主要地；一般地；通常
besides adv. 而且；再说；prep. 除……之外(还)
hug v. 拥抱；搂抱
alternative n. 可供选择的事物
differ from 区别于；不同于
【词汇重点】
1. confusing adj. difficult to understand; not clear 难以理解的
The instructions on the box are very confusing.
盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
【拓展】
1.）confuse
v. To confuse someone means to make it difficult for them to know exactly what is happening or what to do. 使困惑
My words surprised and confused him.
我的话使他既惊讶又困惑。
2）confused adj. If you are confused, you do not know exactly what is happening or what to do. 困惑的
A survey showed people were confused about what they should eat to stay healthy.
一项调查表明人们对于保持健康该吃什么很困惑。
3) confusion 见第4条讲解。
2. soil n. a country; an area of land 国土；领土
the top layer of the earth in which plants, trees, etc. grow 土壤
【近义词辨析】
clay, mud, dust, ground, land, earth, dirt, soil
这组词都有“土地，土，泥”的意思，其区别是：
clay 特指潮湿时发粘，而火烤后变坚硬的泥土。
mud 指湿土，尤指雨后稀泥、污泥。
dust 特指土壤干燥后，飞扬于空中的细微泥土。
ground 通常指大地的表面，也可指土壤、泥土或场地。
land 含义笼统。指与河流、海洋相对的陆地，也指可耕种的土地。
earth 多指地表带有水分的泥土，较具体。
dirt 指地表的干松泥土。
soil 特指适宜栽种农作物或生长各种植物的泥土。
3. immediate adj. happening or done without delay 立即的，立刻的
She demanded an immediate explanation.
她要求立即作出解释。
immediately adv. 立即，马上
4. confusion n. a state of not being certain about what is happening, what you should do, what sth means, etc.困惑；不确定
There's still confusion about the number of students.
学生的人数依然不清楚。
5. embarrassment n. shy, awkward or guilty feelings; a feeling of being embarrassed 奢迫;
难堪
We apologize for any embarrassment this may have caused.
我们为可能会带来的任何尴尬而道歉。
【拓展】
embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. A person who is embarrassed feels shy, ashamed, or guilty about something. 尴尬的
He looked a bit embarrassed.
他看上去有点尴尬。
6. torn /to:n/ adj. to be unable to decide or choose between two people, things or feelings (在两者之间)难以选择，左右为难
Robb is torn between becoming a doctor and a career in athletics.
罗布在成为医生和从事体育运动之间犹豫不决。
7. deliver v. to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to 递送；传送
They deliver to within a 5-mile radius of the store.
他们在距离商场5英里的范围内送货上门。
【拓展】
1）. vt. 实现; 履行
They have yet to show that they can really deliver working technologies.
他们仍需证明他们确实能够实现可用的技术。
2). vt 发表 (演讲)
The president will deliver a speech about schools.
校长将发表关于学校的演讲。
3）. vt. 给 (产妇) 接生
Although we'd planned to have our baby at home, we never expected to deliver her ourselves!
尽管我们是打算在家生孩子，可我们从未想过要自己给她接生。
8. signal v. to make a movement or sound to give sb a message, an order 发信号；示意
to be a sign that sth exists or is likely to happen标志；表明
1）. n. 信号
They fired three distress signals.
他们发射了3次遇难求救信号。
2）.vt/vi. (打手势或发声音) 向…示意; 发信号
Mandy started after him, signalling to Jesse to follow.
曼迪开始追赶他，示意杰西跟上。
She signalled to Ted that she was moving forward.
她向特德示意她要向前走。
3）. vt. 表示;表明
He seemed to be signalling important shifts in U.S. government policy.
他似乎在表示美国政府的政策将会有些重大变化。
9. fault n. the responsibility for sth wrong that has happened or been done 责任；过失
There was no escaping the fact: it was all his fault.
无法逃避这一事实：这都是他的错。
His manners had always made her blind to his faults.
他的彬彬有礼总使她看不见他的缺点。
【近义词辨析】
mistake, shortcoming, error, fault
这组词都有“缺点”的意思，其区别是：
mistake 指判断或理解方面，或指因考虑不周而造成的错误，搭配是make a mistake。
shortcoming 缺点，可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。
如：In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(尽管他缺点多，我仍然喜欢他。)
error 是通用词，指任何错误，“犯错误”可以说commit /make an error。
fault 表示“过失”，可与error通用，现多用来指缺点，特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。
如：There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)
【固定短语】
find fault with 挑剔，找毛病。
He loved best to find fault with me.
他最喜欢找我的岔了
9. fade v. to disappear gradually 逐渐消失；逐渐消逝；褪色
Prospects for peace had already started to fade.
和平的前景已开始变得暗淡。
Seaton lay on his bed and gazed at the ceiling as the light faded.
西顿躺在床上凝视着天花板， 那时光线逐渐变暗。
All colour fades – especially under the impact of direct sunlight.
所有颜色都会褪色–尤其是在直射阳光的影响下。
10. fluency n. the quality of being able lo speak or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well流利，流畅
His son was praised for speeches of remarkable fluency.
他的儿子非常流利的发言受到了表扬。
【拓展】
fluent adj. 流利的；
She studied eight foreign languages but is fluent in only six of them.
她学了8种外语，但流利的只有其中的6种。
11. literally adv. in a way that uses the most basic meaning of a word or phrase rather than an extended or poetic meaning按字面；字面上
Literally, it doesn't seem to see what it does.
从字面上来看，好像看不出来它是干嘛的。
【拓展】
literally adv. 确实地
Putting on an opera is a tremendous enterprise involving literally hundreds of people.
上演一台话剧是一项巨大的事业，它确实要几百个人参与。
12. context n. the words that come just before and after a word, phrase or statement and help you to understand its meaning 上下文，语境
Without a context, I would have assumed it was written by a man.
如果没有一个语境，我会以为这是由一个男人写的。
【词组短语】
in the context of 在…情况下；在…背景下
in this context 关于这点；由此而论；由于这个原因；在这个背景下
cultural context 文化环境，文化脉络
social context 社会背景；社会环境；社会情境
13. attitude n. the way that you think and feel about sb/sth 看法；态度
That sort of attitude really gets my back up!
那种态度实在叫我恼火！
【词组短语】
positive attitude 积极态度
attitude toward…. 针对...的态度；意见
14. dramatically adv. very suddenly and to a very great and often surprising degree 显著地；剧烈地
The cost of living has increased dramatically.
生活费用已大幅增长了。
【拓展】
dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 突然引人注目的; 戏剧的; 有关戏剧的
A fifth year of drought is expected to have dramatic effects on the California economy.
预计连续干旱的第五个年头将对加利福尼亚州的经济产生引人注目的影响。
a dramatic arts major in college.
一个在学院主修戏剧艺术专业的学生。
drama n. 戏剧
15. appointment n. a formal arrangement to meet or visit sb at a particular time 约会；预约
She has an appointment with her accountant.
她和她的会计师有个约会。
【拓展】
appointment 1) n. 任命
His appointment to the cabinet would please the right wing.
他进入内阁的任命会令右翼高兴。
2). n. 职务; 职位
Mr. Fay is to take up an appointment as a researcher.
费伊先生将担任研究员的职务。
appoint v. 任命
It made sense to appoint a banker to this job.
任命一位银行家做这项工作是合理的。
【固定搭配】
appoint sb. as… 任命某人为…
16. panic v. to suddenly feel frightened so that you cannot think dearly and you say or do sth stupid, dangerous, etc.(使)惊慌，惊慌失措
An earthquake has hit the capital, causing damage to buildings and panic among the population.
一场地震袭击了首都，造成建筑物的损坏和人们的惊慌。
另外 panic也可以作名词，表示惊慌失措的局面、恐慌。
There was a moment of panic as it became clear just how vulnerable the nation was.
随着国家如此脆弱变得明显，出现了一阵恐慌局面。
I'm in a panic about getting everything done in time.
我处于一阵要把一切及时安排就绪的恐慌中。
17. ironically adv. in a way that is strange or amusing because it is very different from what you expect (因出乎意料)奇怪地；具有讽刺意味地
Ironically, for a man who hated war, he would have made a superb war cameraman.
具有讽刺意味的是，他这样一个憎恨战争的人曾经可能成为一名优秀的战地摄影师。
18. fry v. When you fry food, you cook it in a pan that contains hot fat or oil. 炸
Fry the breadcrumbs until golden brown.
把这些面包屑炸到金褐色为止。
fried food 油炸食品
fried fish and chips 炸鱼和土豆条（经典的英式快餐）
19. portion n. an amount of food that is large enough for one person (食物的)一份
Desserts can be substituted by a portion of fresh fruit.
甜点可以替换成一份新鲜水果。
The portions were generous.
份量很足。
【拓展】
portion作名词，还有“部分”的意思：
Damage was confined to a small portion of the castle.
城堡仅有一小部分受到了损坏。
I have spent a considerable portion of my life here.
我已在这里度过了一生中的大部分时光
20. embarrassed adj. (of a person or their behaviour) shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation (人或行为)(尤指在社交场合)窘迫的，尴尬的
例句参见词条5拓展。
21. disgusted adj. feeling or showing disgust 厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的
He disgusted many with his boorish behaviour.
他以其粗鲁的行为使许多人感到厌恶。
I'm disgusted with what she said.
我对她的话很反感。
【固定搭配】
be disgusted with …对…感到反感。
22. likely adj. probable or expected 可能的；预料的
The most likely outcome may be to subcontract much of the work to an outsider.
最有可能的结果是把大量工作分包给外部人员
【固定搭配】
be likely to do sth. 有可能去做某事。
23. gesture n. a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning 手势；姿势；示意动作
They communicated entirely by gesture.
他们完全用手势交流。
【拓展】
gesture v. 向…打手势，用动作示意。
I gestured toward the boathouse, and he looked inside.
我朝停船小屋打手势，他在里面看了看。
24. differ v. to be different from sb/sth相异；有区别；不同于
The story he told police differed from the one he told his mother.
他告诉警察的话和告诉他母亲的不同。
different adj 不同的，有区别的；
A is different from B ：A和B不同
London was different from most European capitals.
伦敦与大多数的欧洲首都城市不同
【固定搭配】
differ in... 在…不同
French and English differ in this respect.
在这方面法语和英语不同。
differ between ... 在…之间不同
Ideas on childcare may differ considerably between the parents.
在抚育儿童方面父母的观点可能迥然不同
【词组短语】
differ from 与…不同；区别于…
differ in 不同在；在…方面存在不同
differ with 与…意见不一；与…不调和
opinions differ 见仁见智；各人意见不同；不能达成一致意见；看法不一
beg to differ 恕不同意
25. mostly adv. mainly; generally主要地；一般地；通常
I am working with mostly highly motivated people.
我正与大多都积极性很高的人们共事。
Cars are mostly metal.
汽车大多是金属制成的。
【词语辨析】
most 用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词, most people,
mostly 大部分,是副词 the people are mostly…
26. besides adv. used for making an extra comment that adds to what you have just said 而且；再说
I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.
我觉得她除了非常漂亮之外，还有许多好的品质。
【形近词辨析】
besides adv 除了…还有
beside prep. 在…旁边
试比较：
beside 在……旁边。如：Come and sit beside me.
besides 除……之外。如：I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
注意 besides prep. in addition to sb/sth; apart from sb/sth 除……之外(还),前后涉及的人或事物用加法；
except 除了….没有；前后涉及到的事物用减法。There no one except you and I. 除了你我没有别人。
There are still 2 people waiting at the gate besides Uncle Marry.
除了玛丽姑姑，还要2个人在门口等候。
27. alternative n. a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities 可供选择的事物；替代品
It would provide hundreds of millions of dollars for research into alternative energy sources.
它可以提供数亿美元用于可替代能源的研究。
【拓展】
ADJ An alternative plan or offer is different from the one that you already have, and can be done or used instead. 另外的；可供选择的
There were alternative methods of travel available.
有另外的旅行方式可采用。
【核心词组】
1. all the way —路上；自始至终
He had to walk all the way home.
他不得不一路步行回家。
2. on earth (加强疑问句的语气)到底，究竟
Where on earth did you spring from?
你究竟是从哪儿冒出来的？
What on earth are you doing?
你究竟在干什么？
注意区分：
on the earth, on earth, in the earth
on the earth 在地上，在地球上，
on earth 在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，no use on earth
in the earth 在地下，在泥土里
3. differ from 区别于；不同于
Your needs can differ from day to day.
你的需要可能每天都在变化。
4. set foot on进入，访问，参观(某地)
It was the first time I had set foot on African soil.
那是我第一次踏上非洲大地。
【课堂练习】
I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.
alternative gesture differ fade embarrassment deliver
confusion likely signal disgusted appointment
1. You mustn't fire without my signal.
没我的信号不许开枪。
2. I'm disgusted with what she said.
我对她的话很反感.
3. He made a rude gesture with his fingers.
他用手指做了一个不礼貌的手势.
4. Allow me to clear up this confusion.
请允许我澄清这种混淆.
5. It's so cloudy and cold that it's likely to snow.
天气又阴又冷,大半要下雪.
6. She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
7. He's not used to making speeches in public; it's so embarrassing.
他不习惯在大庭广众中演讲, 因为这太使人窘迫了.
8. When the night light gradually faded, the world entered the dark.
当夜晚的灯光渐渐褪去, 世界就进入了黑暗.
9. A parcel weighing half a ton has just been delivered.
一个半吨重的包裹刚刚递送出去.
10. Drivers are advised to seek alternative routes.
驾车者被告知需另寻其他路线。
II. Translation
1. 我们如今足不出户就可以了解国家大事。(be informed)
考点：了解国家大事大事be informed of what is happening around the country
足不出户就可以做某事了can do sth without leaving one’s house
Nowadays, we can be informed of what is happening around the country without leaving our houses.
2. 他凡事没有自己的主张，总是人云亦云。(repeat)
考点：凡事都没有自己的主张have no opinion of one’s own about everything
人云亦云repeat what others say
He has no opinion of his own about everything and always repeats what others say.
He always repeat what others say without having his own ideas about everything.
3. 与你相比，我所做的微不足道。(compare)
考点：微不足道sth be trivial / insignificant 我所做的 what I have done
与A相比，B Compared with A, B…
Compared with what you have done, what I have done is trivial / insignificant.
4. 老先生虽然无依无靠，但仍然助人为乐。(depend)
考点：某人无依无靠 sb has no one to depend on 助人为乐 be ready to help others
Although the old man has no one to depend on, he is till ready to help others.
5. 独生儿子在灾难中丧生后， 这对老夫妇相依为命。(depend)
考点：独生儿子one’s only son 在灾难中丧生be killed in a disaster
这对老夫妇相依为命 the old couple depend on each other
The old couple has depended on each other since their only son was killed in a disaster.
After their only son died in a disaster, the old couple depended on each other.
6. 很多人把无偿献血当成理所当然的事情。(grant)
考点：把做某事当成理所当然的事 take it for granted that sb does sth/ take it for granted to do sth
无偿献血donate one’s blood without payment
Many people take it for granted that they donate their blood without payment.
Many people take it for granted to donate their blood without payment.
7. 主队赢得比赛后，球迷们欣喜若狂。(wild)
考点：主队the host team 赢得比赛win the game 欣喜若狂be wild with joy
After the host team won the game, its fans were wild with joy.
8. 十年来， 老教授不遗余力地帮组那位素不相识的病人。(effort)
考点：不遗余力地做某事 spare no effort to do sth
那位素不相识的病人the patient whom he doesn’t know at all
In the past decade, the old professor has spared no effort to help the patient he didn’t know at all.
9. 有时候父母会对孩子的合理要求置之不理。(notice)
考点：对…置之不理take no notice of sth
某人的合理要求one’s reasonable demands / requirements / requests
Sometimes, parents take no notice of their children’s reasonable demands / requirements / requests.
10. 应该教会孩子自力更生。（own）
考点：自力更生live on one’s own/ depend on one’s own effort
Children should be taught to live on their own.
Children should be taught to depend on their own effort.
【语法详解】
1. 句子成分；
2. 简单句的5种类型。
一、句子成分的分类：
主语： 动作的发出者。
1. American country music has become more and more popular.
2. We often speak English in class.
3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.
4. Smoking does harm to the health.
5. The rich should help the poor.
谓语： 主语发出的动作状态。
1. I don't like the picture on the wall.
2. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
3. We had better send for a doctor.
4. He is interested in music.
表语 ：用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词(如be, ...look, smell, ... become, get, ... 等)之后。
1. Our English teacher is an American.
2. The weather has turned cold.
3. The little boy looks very happy.
宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面
1. My brother hasn’t done his homework.
2. People all over the world speak English.
3. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
4. The old man said he was ill.
双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
宾语补足语：宾语发出的动作或状态。
1. I found the book interesting.
2. Do you smell something burning?
3. He asked her to take the boy out of school.
4. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
5. We must keep it a secret.
状语：在句子中表时间，地点，原因，方式，比较等的单词或短语就是状语
1. We go to school on foot every day.
2. They will meet at the airport at 6:00 tomorrow.
3. Because of his illness he can’t go swimming.
4. I will tell him the news when he comes back next week.
定语：在句子中修饰名词代词的单词或短语就是定语
1. He bought an interesting book.
2. The boy in the room is my brother.
二、简单句5种基本类型：
1、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) （动词为不及物动词）
The red sun rises in the east.红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。
Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。
His parents have worked in the company for ten years.
他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。
What he said does not matter.他说的话不重要。
They had to travel by boat.他们不得不乘船旅行。
The egg hatched. 这只蛋孵化了。
The accident happened because of his carelessness.
这次事故发生是因为他的粗细大意。
It weighs nearly 27 kilos (about 65 pounds)
它重近27千克(约65磅)。
2、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
Our English teacher is thirty years old.我们的英语老师30岁了。
The cake tastes delicious.这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。
The potatoes went bad in the field.土豆在地里就坏了。
They seemed very happy together.他们在一起好像很幸福。
It gets colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。
The leaves have turned yellow. 树叶已经变黄了。
3、句型3：
Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)（谓语为及物动词） ＋ Object (宾语)
He put the dictionary in the backpack.
他把词典放进了背包里。
I saw her just now and she was doing her homework in the classroom.
我刚才看到她了,她正在教室做作业。
They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party.
他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。
She stopped teaching English two years ago.
她两年前就不教英语了。
Do you know when he left for Beijing?
你知道他什么时候去的北京吗?
Mother promised to give me a present.
母亲答应要给我一件礼物。
Would you mind opening the window?打开窗户你介意吗?
注意：跟不定式to do 作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
注意：常要求接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
注意：只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有
admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑
delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅
fancy 想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃
cannot help 情不自禁 imagine 设想 include 包括 keep 保持
mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 逃过 put off 推迟 practice 练习
resist 抵制 risk 冒险
4、句型4：
Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
Mr. Smith taught us English last year.
史密斯先生去年教我们英语。
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
Would you please pass me that dictionary?
=Would you please pass that dictionary to me?
请你把那本词典递给我好吗?
He bought his mother a new sweater with his first month’s salary.
=He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first month’s salary.
他用第一个月的工资给母亲买了一件新毛衣。
He showed the guard his ticket.他把票给守卫展示了一下。
His contribution won him a good fame.他的贡献为他赢得了良好的声誉。
注意：主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如果把表示物的直接宾
语放在表示人的间接宾语前,需要借助于介词to或for。to表示:朝着,向着,
对着;for表示:为(某人),替(某人)。
需要借助介词to的动词有:bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return,
send, show, teach, tell, write等。
需要借助介词for的动词有:bring, buy, cook, find, get, make, order, save, spare等。
5、句型5： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
If you let me go. I’ll make you king. (名词作宾补)
I consider Tom my best friend. (名词作宾补)
Leave the door open. (形容词作宾补)
We found Li Ming out when we arrived. (副词作宾补)
Make yourself at home. (介词短语作宾补)
I saw a stranger enter the building. (不定式作宾补) 省略to的不定式
The boss kept them working all day. (现在分词作宾补)
Yesterday he had his leg broken. (过去分词作宾补)
【课堂练习】
一． 找出以下句子的表语、直接宾语、间接宾语和宾语补足语。[来源:Z。xx。]
1. You look nice today.
2. The fact is that we don’t know him at all.
3. It is getting cooler and cooler as autumn comes.
4. Please pass me the book over there.
5. My father bought me a computer last year.
6. What you did made me happy.
7. My friend asked me to lend him some money.
二． 中译英
1. 他又高又帅。________________________________________________________________
2. 4年后她成了一名教师。_______________________________________________________
3. 在母亲节那天，他送给他妈妈一束花。（a bunch of flowers）
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. 明天我带些好吃的给你。______________________________________________________
5. 李老师教我们英语。_________________________________________________________
6. 警察命令他把车停下来。_____________________________________________________
答案：
一. 1. nice 表语 2. that we don’t know him at all 表语 3. cooler and cooler 表语 4. me 间宾；the book 直接宾语 5. me间宾；a computer 直宾 6. happy 补语 7. to lend him some money 宾补
二． 1. He is tall and handsome.
2. Four years later, she became a teacher.
3. On Mother’s Day, he sent his mother a bunch of flowers.
4. I will bring you something delicious.
5. Miss Li teaches us English.
6. The policeman ordered him to stop his car.
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