高中4 My space教学设计及反思

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教学内容
进门测试
II. Grammar
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Asleep n a plane: a case fr windw seats
I lve t sleep n planes, and I have an unusual ability t sleep well n them. There have even been ne r tw ccasins (21) __________ I have fallen asleep befre takeff and awakened upn the impact f landing, nt having realized we had even left the grund. S when (22) __________ (bk) my flights, I always chse the windw seat whenever pssible. This allws me t lean my sleepy head against the wall f the plane fr a bit (23) __________ (much) cmfrt.
Sme (24) __________ argue that the aisle (走廊) seat is superir fr the leg space and the ability t get ff swiftly and eye the snack cart. But in reality, we’re all getting ur drinks and snacks (25) __________ secnds. Als, I find that if a persn knws he’s in a windw seat, he’ll chse t use the bathrm befre barding s that he (26) __________ (nt need) t disturb his neighbr, which is just cnsiderate. And he’ll seize the pprtunity t get up when anther seatmate gets up s that the seatmate needn’t (27) __________ (bther) mre than nce.
As a phtgrapher and visually riented persn, the windw seat gives me the best views f cttny cluds, r a great sunset, r glden sunrise, etc. Mst f all, (28) __________ __________ I’ve been flying fr years, I still get pleasure f seeing my departing city r cuntry (29) __________ (shrink) int the distance, and the butterflies in my stmach when I see the hrizn f my destinatin cme int view. And thse feelings f adventure and excitement are (30) __________ keep me cming back, flight after flight, t my windw seat.
课堂导入
Unit 4 My space
【词语和词组】
词汇部分：
1. experiment n.实验；试验
2. capable adj.有能力的
3. survive v.生存；存货；继续存在
4. unfrtunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地；可悲地
5. labur -saving 省力的；节省劳力的；降低劳动强度的
6. device n.装置；仪器；器具；设备
7. immediately adv.立即；马上；即刻
8. disappear v.消失；不见
9. regularly adv.有规律地
10. bmb n.炸弹
11. gds n.商品；货品
12. petrl n.汽油
13. bil v.（使）沸腾；煮沸；烧开
14. aim n.目的；目标
15. narrw adj.狭窄的；窄小的
16. suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨
17. argue v.论证；说理；争辩
18. decrease v.（使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低
19. apartment n.（通常指在同一楼层的）公寓套房
20. definitely adv.肯定；当然；确实
21. stuff n.东西，物品
22. dwnstairs adj.楼下的
23. pian n.钢琴
24. talent n.天才；天资；天赋
25. curtain n.窗帘
26. gather v.搜集，收集（情报）
27. data n.数据；资料；材料
28. dwnlad v.下载
29. sftware n.软件
30. cmpany n.公司；商号；商行
31. lad v.（把大量……）装上，装入
32. file n.文件
33. percentage n.百分率；百分比
34. recmmend v.推荐
35. prefer v.较喜欢；喜欢……多于……
36. respnsibility n.职责；义务；任务
37. arrange v.整理；排列；布置
38. pster n.海报
39. extremely adv.极其；极端；非常
40. slightly adv.略微；稍微
41. technique n.技术；技能
42. grab v.引人注意；吸引
43. brchure n.资料（或广告）手册
44. intended adj.意欲达到的；打算的；计划的
45. ceiling n.天花板；顶棚
46. ccasin n.特别的事情（或仪式、庆典）
47. upper-class adj.上流社会的
48. adult n.成年人
49. sul n.灵魂
50. time-hnured adj.古老而受到尊重的；历史悠久的；由来已久的
51. style n.风格；体
短语部分：
52. hang n 等等（好像有什么不对或新的情况出现）
53. take cver 躲避；隐蔽
54. dmestic chre 家务琐事
55. t smebdy’s credit 使值得表扬；使受尊重
56. science fictin 科幻小说（或影片等）
57. be attractive t 对……有吸引力的
【重点单词】
1. capable adj.有能力的
The kitchen is capable f catering fr several hundred peple.
这间厨房可为数百人提供饮食。
She's a very capable speaker.
她是一个非常有能力的演说者。
【固定搭配】
be capable f ding sth. 能够做某事
【近义词辨析】
cmpetent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如：A dctr shuld be cmpetent t treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)
able 为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，一般下效率无关，用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如：A cat is able t see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)
capable 指满足一般要求的能力，可以是表现出来的，也可是潜在的，搭配是be capable f +ding。用作定语，表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如：He is capable f running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable dctr. (他是一位很好的大夫。)
survive v.生存；存货；继续存在
2. gds n.商品；货品
Mney can be exchanged fr gds r services.
钱可以用来换取商品或服务。
【近义词辨析】
cmmdity 作“商品”解时系经济学名词，也可指日用品。
merchandise 正式用词，指商业上销售或商家拥有货物的总称。
ware 指上市待卖的商品或货物。多用复数形式。
freight 指“货物”时，可与gds互换，此系美国英语。在英国，freight志指船装货物。
gds 一般生活或商业用词，指销售或购入的商品。
3. aim n.目的；目标
The aim f the festival is t increase awareness f culture and traditins.
这个庆祝活动的目的是增强人们对文化和传统的认识。
【拓展】
aim也可以做动词：
1）以…为目标；常用搭配为：aim fr/at sth. aim t d sth.
He said he wuld aim fr the 100 metre wrld recrd at the wrld champinships in August.
他说他将以在8月举行的世界锦标赛上打破100米世界纪录为目标。
Businesses will have t aim at lng-term grwth.
企业必须以长期增长为目标。
The prgramme aims t educate and prepare students fr a challenging career.
这个项目旨在教育学生使其为一个具有挑战性的职业做好准备。
2) 瞄准 aim sth at…
The hunter aimed his gun at the wlf.
猎人用枪瞄准了狼。
3）旨在做某事 be aimed at…
The new measures are aimed at tightening existing sanctins.
这些新措施旨在加强现行的制裁。
n. 瞄准
He std with the gun gripped in his right hand and his left hand steadying his aim.
他站着用右手紧握住枪，用左手把稳瞄准。
4. suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨
Within a few days she had becme seriusly ill, suffering great pain and discmfrt.
在几天时间里她已病得很重，经受了极大的痛苦和不适。
He was eventually diagnsed as suffering frm terminal cancer.
他最后被诊断为癌症晚期。
注意：suffer frm 后面多跟疾病。
The peace prcess has suffered a serius blw nw.
该和平进程现已受到一次沉重的打击。
suffering n. 受苦，痛苦
5. argue v. 争吵，论证；说理；争辩；
The cmmittee is cncerned abut players' behaviur, especially arguing with referees.
该委员会担心运动员的表现，尤其担心他们与裁判争吵。
Dn't argue with me.
不要和我争辩。
【固定搭配】
argue with sb. 与…争论；
argue abut sth. 争论某事；
argue ver sth. 争论某事。
【近义词辨析】
argue 指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
reasn 指据理力争以说服对方或求得对问题作更深入的研究。
discuss 最常用词，指就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题。
dispute 侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩，带一定感情色彩，常隐含“各持已见”或“争论不休”意味。
debate 侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。
quarrel 指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”。
6. decrease v.（使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低
Ppulatin grwth is decreasing by 1.4% each year.
人口增长每年下降1.4%。
The number f independent firms decreased frm 198 t 96.
独立公司的数量从198家减到了96家。
In Spain and Prtugal there has been a decrease in the number f yung peple ut f wrk.
在西班牙和葡萄牙，失业青年人数已经有所下降。
反义词：increase 增加，增长。
注意：
后常跟介词by和t,注意其意义差别：
increase/decrease by… 增加了/减少了…
increase/decrease t… 增加到/减少到…
【近义词辨析】
diminish, decline, alleviate, decrease, reduce
这组词都有“减少，减轻”的意思，其区别是：
diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。
The supply f il has diminished because f the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。
decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicag has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
He declined ur invitatin t dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。
alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和
The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。
decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。
The ppulatin decreased a lt last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。
reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。
He reduced the amunt f mney they culd spend.他缩减了他们的开销。
7. definitely adv.肯定；当然；确实
I'm definitely ging t get in tuch with these peple.
我一定要联系上这些人。
【拓展】
definite adj. 明确的，确切的
It's t sn t give a definite answer.
现在给予明确答复还为时尚早。
She made n definite plans fr her future.
她对自己的未来没有明确的计划。
We didn't have any definite prf.
我们没有任何确凿的证据。
【形近词】
define /dɪˈfaɪn/ vt. 给…下定义; 解释
We need t define the task ahead very clearly.
我们需要明确今后的任务。
【常用搭配】
define sth as… 把…定义为…
sth. be defined as… …被定义为…
8. stuff n.东西，物品
This is high quality stuff.
这是高品质的东西。
【拓展】
vt. 把…塞进
I stuffed my hands in my pckets.
我把双手塞进了我的口袋里。
把…装满
He grabbed my purse, pened it and stuffed it full, then gave it back t me.
他抢走我的钱包，打开并把它装得满满的，然后还给了我。
9. dwnlad v.下载
Users can dwnlad their material t a desktp PC back in the ffice.
用户们可以将他们的资料下载到办公室的台式计算机上。
反义词：uplad vt. 上传
All yu need t d is uplad the files n t yur web space.
你所需要做的只是把文件上传到你的网络空间。
10. cmpany n.公司；商号；商行
Sheila fund sme wrk as a secretary in an insurance cmpany.
希拉在一家保险公司找到了一份做秘书的工作。
【拓展】
cmpany还有”陪伴”的意思:
Why dn't yu stay here and keep Emma cmpany?
你为什么不留在这儿陪埃玛做伴？
【近义词辨析】
firm 含义广泛，可指公司、商行或商号。规模可大可小，经营、管理的人员可多可少。
cmpany 多指生产或销售产品的公司、商号，也可指经办服务性项目的公司。
crpratin 多指一个人拥有或多人联办的大公司，也指在其它地区或国家拥有分公司的公司。
11. lad v.（把大量……）装上，装入
The three men seemed t have finished lading the truck.
这3个人好像已经装好了那辆卡车。
n. 装载物
He drve by with a big lad f hay.
他开着装满干草的车过去了。
n. 许多
I've gt lads f mney.
我有许多钱。
12. file n.文件
Be sure t save the revised versin f the file under a new filename.
确保将改过的文件版本另存在一个新的文件名下。
vt. 使归档
They are all filed alphabetically under authr.
它们都是在作者一栏下面按字母顺序来归档的。
13. recmmend v.推荐; 建议(后常跟宾语从句的虚拟语气)
I just spent a hliday there and wuld recmmend it t anyne.
我刚在那儿度过一个假期，愿意向任何人推荐那里。
I recmmend (that) he shuld see a lawyer. （虚拟语气，shuld可以省略）
我建议他去找个律师。
n. recmmendatin n. 推荐
【近义词辨析】
prpse, prescribe, suggest, advcate, recmmend
这组词都有“劝告、主张、建议”的意思，其区别是：
prpse 多指较正式地提出建议。
prescribe 多指医生对病人在用药或饮食等方面的建议。
suggest 语气较委婉，指提出不成熟的建议或参见意见。
advcate 指公开表明对某事或某行为的完全赞同，语气强于recmmend。
recmmend 指向对方提出公开的建议或规劝。
14. respnsibility n.职责；义务；任务
N ne admitted respnsibility fr the attacks.
没有人对这些袭击负责。
The curt feels it has a respnsibility t ensure that custmers are nt misled.
该法院觉得其有责任确保消费者们不被误导。
【拓展】 adj respnsible 负责的
【搭配】 be respnsible fr… 对…负责；
He still felt respnsible fr her death.
他依然觉得对她的死负有责任。
15. arrange v.整理；排列；布置
She arranged an appintment fr Friday afternn at fur-fifteen.
她安排了一个星期五下午四点一刻的约会。
I've arranged t see him n Friday mrning.
我已经安排了星期五早上见他。
I will arrange fr smene t take yu arund.
我会安排好人领你转转。
When she has a little spare time she enjys arranging dried flwers.
她有一点闲暇时间就喜欢插干花。
【固定搭配】
arrange fr 安排…
arrange t d sth . 安排做某事。
16. intended adj.意欲达到的；打算的；计划的
1）vt. 打算
Maybe he intends t leave her.
也许他打算离开她。
What d yu intend ding when yu get t this place?
你打算到这里干什么？
2）. 被用于 (某目的或某人) ，常用被动；
This mney is intended fr the develpment f the turist industry.
这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。
Clumns are usually intended in architecture t add grandeur and status.
柱子被用于建筑通常是为了增添宏伟和高贵。
17. take cver 躲避；隐蔽
But it appears that warmer spring temperatures drive lizards t take cver and rest-rather than gather the fd necessary t spur reprductin.
而事实却是，春季的高温让蜥蜴在这时节早早躲起来休息，将收集食物和繁衍后代的工作抛在了一边。
18. dmestic chre 家务琐事
dmestic adj. 国内的；家庭的；驯养的
dmestic market 国内市场
dmestic demand 国内需求；本地内部需求
dmestic prduct 国内产品；本地生产
grss dmestic prduct (gdp) 国内生产总值
grss dmestic prduct (GDP) 国内生产总值
【课堂练习】
I. Fill in the blanks with the wrds r phrases frm the bx belw. Change the frm where necessary.
intends stre cmpany escape stuff arrange
file recmmend lad definite capable
1. The cmpany has verspent n marketing.
这个公司在市场推广方面开支过多。
2. I culd arrange t meet with yu any day next week.
我可以安排在下周的任何一天和你见一面。
3. I selected a file and pressed the delete key.
我选定了一份文件，然后按下了删除键。
4. Jseph is the right man fr the jb. Yu shuld recmmend him.
约瑟夫是这份工作的合适人选。你该推荐他。
5. We didn't have any definite prf.
我们没有任何确凿的证据。
6. Carrying mre than a light lad n yur bicycle makes it mre difficult t cntrl.
自行车上携带超额负载会使自行车更难以控制。
7. Be very careful with this stuff, it can be dangerus if it isn't handled prperly.
对这东西要小心，处理得不好可能会发生危险。
8. He intends t get rid f the tipping practice.
他打算取消给小费的做法。
9. Tw plice fficers had a narrw escape when riters attacked their vehicles.
暴徒们攻击他们的车辆时，两名警官死里逃生。
10. Yu are capable f better wrk than this.
你有能力做得比这更好。
精讲精练
关系副词的用法
关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。
先行词
关系副词
关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分
指地点
where
地点状语
指时间
when
时间状语
指原因
why
原因状语
1.关系副词where的用法
由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，rm等，where在从句中作地点状语。
①The htel was very clean.那家旅馆很干净。
②We stayed there/at the htel.我呆在那儿/那家旅馆。
③=①+②The htel where we stayed was very clean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。
先行词 定语从句
（where在从句中代替there或at the htel，作地点状语）
补充：可以用关系代词表述
The htel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean.
=The htel at which we stayed was very clean.
I gt t the stage where I wasn’t cping any mre.
=I gt t the stage (which/that) I wasn’t cping with any mre.
=I gt t the stage with which I wasn’t cping any mre.我已经到了无法应付的阶段。
This is the huse where I was brn.这就是我出生的那所房子。
2.关系副词when的用法
由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。
I’ll never frget the time when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。
先行词 定语从句
（when在从句中代替during the time，作时间状语）
补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’ll never frget the time during which we first met.
The date (when/that) he jined the ANC Yuth League was August 5th.
他加入南非国民议会青年同盟的日期是8月5日。
注意：从语法来讲，这个句子中的定语从句只能用when引导，但在口语中，常用that代替when，也可以省略。
3.关系副词why的用法
由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reasn的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。
The reasn why I gt a jb was that I wrked hard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。
先行词 定语从句
（why在从句中代替reasn，作原因状语）
补充：可以用关系代词表述：The reasn (that/fr) which I gt a jb was that I wrked hard.
The reasn why she was late was that she missed her plane.
=The reasn (that) she was late was that she missed her plane.
注意：一般来讲，在定语从句中，只要先行词是the reasn，它的关系副词就是why；和when一样，在口语中，关系副词why常被that代替，也可以省略。
=The reasn fr which she was late was that she missed her plane.
她迟到的原因是她错过了班机。
Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reasn why she left.
=Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reasn (that) she left.
=Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reasn fr which she left.
艾米没有获得加薪，但是这并不是她离开的主要原因。
The reasn why I’m calling yu is t invite yu t a party.
=The reasn (that) I’m calling yu is t invite yu t a party.
=The reasn fr which I’m calling yu is t invite yu t a party.
我给你打电话的原因是想邀请你参加一个聚会。
补充：带reasn的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型
定语从句“The reasn why/that...”或“ reasn why/that...”
I knw the reasn why she studies s well.我知道她学习好的原因。
表语从句“The reasn is that...”（不能用why，否则就重复了）
The reasn is that he is always careless in his wrk.原因是他在工作中总是粗心大意。
4.关系代词和关系副词的选用
对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词，口语用法除外。
①This is the cllege (that/which) I visited.这就是我参观过的学院。
②This is the cllege where I studied three years ag.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。
说明：两句中的先行词都是the cllege，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the cllege。
①I’ll never frget the day (that/which) we spent tgether.
我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。
②I’ll never frget the day when I gt married.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。
说明：两句中的先行词都是the day，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语n the way。
4.as引导的定语从句
as作为关系代词既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
1.as引导的限定性定语从句
和the 的用法
意为“像……一样的，像……之类”；the 意为“和……同样的”。在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same作定语，修饰主句里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词（或代词）是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。
We have fund such materials as are used in their factry.（as在从句中作主语）
我们找到了（像）他们厂里用的那种材料。
I seldm give my students such a difficult prblem as they cannt wrk ut.
我从来不会给我的学生出这样一道他们不能解决的难题。（as在从句中作宾语）
The result is nt the same as they had expected.（as在从句中作宾语）
结果和他们预想的不一样。
比较：the 和the
两者都引导定语从句。that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个，as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。
He is reading the same bk that yu bught yesterday.他看的书就是你昨天买的那本。
He is reading the same bk as yu bught yesterday.他看的书和你昨天买的书是一样的。
（指同一本书；指同一种书，但并不是你买的那一本）
This is the same pen that I lst.这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。
This is the same (kind/type/srt f) pen as I lst.这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。
（指同一支笔；指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）
2.such as...的用法
such as...中的such为代词，意思为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。
This bk is nt such as I expect.这不是一本我所盼望的书。
He tld me f his experience such as I had never had befre.
他给我讲了他的经验，我从来没有那种经验。
I have nt many,but I will send yu such as I have.我有的不多，但我愿把我所有的都送给你。
补充：such as还可以表示“诸如，例如，像……那样的”的意思，此时其后跟名词或名词短语等，如：They bught a lt f fruit,such as apples,ranges,etc.
他们买了许多水果，如苹果、橘子等。
2.as引导的非限定性定语从句
as可以像which一样引导非限定性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。此外，有些as引导的定语从句已成为固定用法。
as we knw正如我们所知
as is ften the case像通常那样
as has been said befre如上所述
as is reprted正如报道的那样
as is well knwn众所周知
as was expected正如预料的那样
She is very careful,as her wrk shws.正如她的工作所展现的那样，她是个细心的人。
As we knw,smking is harmful t ne’s health.正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
As is ften the case,we have wrked ut the prductin plan.
像通常那样，我们已经制定出了生产计划。
比较：as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的联系和区别
as和which都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句至于主句之后时，as和which可以互换使用。
He didn’t tell me any news,as/which upset me.他没有告诉我任何消息，这使我很不安。
which引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时不能放在主句之前。as引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时可放在主句之前或之后，有时也可放在主语与谓语之间。
As is reprted in the newspapers,talks between the tw cuntries are making prgress.
=Talks between the tw cuntries,as is reprted in the newspapers,are making prgress.
正如报道的那样，这两个国家之间的会谈正在进展中。
5.使用定语从句需注意的事项
1.定语从句中的主谓一致
A.定语从句中的关系代词作主语时，从句谓语要与先行词的人称、数一致。
Is he the man wh/that wants t see yu?他就是想见你的那个人吗？
B.as，which作主语引导非限定性定语从句，指全句时，从句谓语用单数。
As is usual,he came t schl late this mrning.像往常一样，他今天早晨上学又迟到了。
Liquid water changes t vapr,which is called evapratin.液态水变为蒸气，这叫做蒸发。
C.先行词为“ne f the+复数名词”时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用复数。
Freddy is ne f the students wh want t be diplmats in ur class.
弗雷迪是我们班想当外交官的学生之一。
D.先行词为“the nly ne f the+复数名词”时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用单数。
He is the nly ne f the students wh has been a winner f schlarship fr three years.
他是惟一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生。
2.what和hw不能用于定语从句中
A.what不能用作关系代词来引导定语从句，但是what引导的宾语从句可以与that引导的定语从句互换。
（正）Tell me anything (that) yu knw.
（正）Tell me what yu knw.告诉我你所知道的一切。
说明：what引导的宾语从句相当于“anything/all+that”引导的定语从句。
（误）Tell me anything what yu knw.
B.hw不能用作关系副词来引导定语从句。修饰表示方式的way的定语从句用in which来引导，也可用that或省略。
（正）This is the way (that/in which) that by wrked ut the prblem.
（正）This is hw that by wrked ut the prblem.（hw引导表语从句）
（误）This is the way hw that by wrked ut the prblem.
这就是那个男孩解出这道题的方法。
3.介词+关系代词
句型：名词/代词+介词+关系代词
简单句①The prfessr gave a lecture t us yesterday.那位教师昨天给我们上了一堂课。
简单句②I culdn’t understand the meaning f the lecture cmpletely.
我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。
合成为定语从句③=①+②The prfessr gave us a lecture yesterday,the meaning f which I culdn’t understand cmpletely. 名词+介词+关系代词
那位教授昨天给我们上了一堂课，我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。
简单句①There are arund 400 students in ur grade.我们年级大约有400名学生。
简单句②Mst f us are frm the Xicheng District.我们中的大多数人都来自西城区。
合成为定语从句③=①+②There are arund 400 students in ur grade,mst f whm are frm the Xicheng District. 代词+介词+关系代词
我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。
4.关系代词和关系副词的省略
1.关系代词的省略
A.在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。
Jane Hasek,wh was my frmer English teacher,retired last year.
简·哈塞克今天退休了，他曾经是我的英语老师。
B.在限定性定语从句中，关系代词用作动词宾语时可以省略。
Srry,I frget t bring the magazine (which/that) yu want.对不起，我忘了把你要的杂志带过来。（which和that代替magazine，作动词want的宾语，可以省略）
C.关系代词作介词宾语，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可以省略；如果介词位于定语从句的句末，关系代词可以省略。
（正）This is the gvernment building in which my father wrks.
（正）This is the gvernment building (which/that) my father wrks in.
（误）This is the gvernment building in my father wrks.这是我父亲工作的政府大楼。
D.there be句型之后的定语从句中，作主语或宾语的关系代词常可以省略。
There’s nthing (that) I can d abut it.对此我毫无办法。
2.关系副词的省略
A.非限定性定语从句中关系副词不可以省略。
She lived in Nagya fr a cuple f years,where she taught Chinese.
她在名古屋住了几年，在那儿教中文。
B.限定性定语从句中，若在口语和非正式语体中，某些表示地点、时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略。先行词the reasn后面的关系副词why也可以省略。
This is the plane (where) we first met tw years ag.这就是我们两年前初次见面的地方。
He still remembers the time (when) he studied in Berlin.他还记得他在柏林学习的那些日子。
补充：可以省略关系副词when的时间名词有the time，every time，each time，the mment等。
Tell me the reasn (why) yur brther was absent yesterday.告诉我你哥哥昨天缺席的原因。
当堂检测
一、选择题
1. We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week，____________the weather may be better.
I knw the girl ____________the teacher talked with yesterday.
He didn’t tell me the reasn ____________he was s excited.
We visited the car factry ____________my uncle nce wrked three years ag.
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f ____________has been prved.
Thugh it is reasnable fr the directr t educate his staff，I dn’t like the way ________he spke t them.
This is the huse ____________my grandfather lived three years ag.
The car ____________windw gt brken in the accident belngs t Mr. Brwn.
The reasn ____________he explained at the meeting was nt sund.
were put int a psitin in ____________we had either t accept we were less imprtant, r fight the gvernment.
翻译
他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
The reasn ____________________________was that he was ill in bed.
我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
We are living in an age ______________________________________.
毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。
After graduatin he returned t the small twn ____________________________．
我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。
I dn’t like the way ____________________________．
我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。
I’ll never frget the days ____________________________．
三、单项选择
1. I knw a place ___________ we can have a big meal.
A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what
2. —Which sng d yu like better, Lucy?
—I prefer the sng Little Apple ___________ can attract many peple.
A. whichB. whC. whmD. where
3. I like the city ___________ the peple are really kind and friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. wh
4. I can’t remember the place _______________ I lived many years ag.
A. that B. which C. where D. ／
5. Tny, tell me the result f the discussin _______________ yu had with yur dad yesterday.
A. whatB. whichC. whenD. wh
6. —Sally, which rm wuld yu like t _______________?
—I like t live in a rm _______________ is bright enugh.
A. live in; that B. live in; where
C. live; thatD. live; where
7. Happiness and success ften cme t thse _______________ are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths.
A. whereB. whC. whatD. which
8. —_______________ is the teacher _______________ gave us the talk yesterday?
—She is having a meeting.
A. Where; whB. Wh; whseC. What; whD. What; which
温故知新
I. Grammar and Vcabulary 20%
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
News Frm The Wrld f Medicine
SHORT ON SLEEP? DON'T FORGET TO DRINK WATER
In a Pennsylvania State University study invlving mre than 20,000 participants, peple wh said they gt nly six hurs f sleep regularly ran a greater risk f dehydratin (脱水) than ___1___ wh gt eight hurs. The reasn might lie with a hrmne (荷尔蒙) called vaspressin, ___2___ helps cntrl the bdy’s fluid levels. It’s let ut in larger quantities later in the sleep cycle, ___3___ peple getting less shut-eye might nt have the best amunt f it. If yu knw yu’re shrt n slumber, ___4___ (make) a pint f drinking water.
TEN-MINUTE CANCER TEST
Australian researchers have develped a test ___5___ can discver cancer cells in ten minutes with 90 percent accuracy. Healthy DNA and cancer DNA, it turns ut, stick t metal surfaces differently. When cancer DNA ___6___ (add) t water mixed with gld nanparticles (纳米颗粒), the water remains its rsy clr, when healthy DNA is added, the water turns blue. ___7___ the test is cheap and simple, it culd be used at yur primary care physician's ffice, with fllw-up if necessary.
EXERCISE PREVENTS FALLS
Each year, at least a third f peple ___8___ the age f 65 fall dwnwards. Research fund that there's ne factr related t ntably reduced risk: exercise. Peple wh tk part in Tai Chi fell 19 percent ___9___ (ften), while thse wh did balance and functinal exercises, such as step-ups, chair rises, r standing n ne leg, fell 24 percent less ften. Mst useful f all was ____10____ (cmbine) different types f exercise, including lifting weights and balance exercises.
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The Flating Schl
Life n the islands can feel a bit islated due t a lack f electricity and internet cnnectivity.
Althugh sme f the islands have primary schls, mst yung peple must travel t the larger islands r t the mainland t attend high schl. Schls n the islands fllw the ___11___ curriculum (课程). They dn't teach subjects such as maritime skills, swimming r lcal fishing traditins, and s the curriculum isn't always ___12___ with students' everyday life.
S, we ___13___ the Flating Schl after winning funding thrugh a US State Department grant cmpetitin called Seeds fr the Future. Befre we started the schl, we spke with yung peple, cmmunity leaders and teachers n the islands t find ut the tpics yung peple are mst interested in. We als learned abut the varius ___14___ f students and yung peple wh dn't g t schl. Thus, we ___15___ ur wn nn-frmal educatinal prgramme that fits with the cntext f life n the islands. Fr example, thse wrking in fishing have respnsibility ___16___ the marine life, s we teach envirnmental prtectin and discurage destructive fishing practices.
The Flating Schl is a wden bat that can ___17___ up t twenty peple and it ges t the students, nt the ther way arund -- we use it t transprt educatinal materials, tls, and teachers t yung peple living n the islands. Our teachers are lcal yung ___18___— s far we have had jurnalists, phtgraphers, cmputer engineers and musicians — and students wh want t ___19___ their skills.
At first, many f the yung peple thught the Flating Schl wuld be the same as their schls n the islands. They had thught f the teachers t be _____20_____. But ur students learn thrugh art, media and literature. They dn't have t wear unifrms r shes, and the teachers treat the students as equals, withut judging them. This means ur students can be themselves.
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Schl Cunselrs (辅导员) Matter
Overwhelmed (压垮) by hmewrk? Wrried abut a friend? Feel like yu dn't fit in? Smetimes it's impssible t ___21___ tugh times alne. Prblems can build up and yu may suffer frm insmnia (失眠), have difficulty cncentrating, r even becme depressed. It's time fr yu t talk t smene. Yur schl cunselr can be a great place t start.
A high schl cunselr wh is a licensed prfessinal ffers a variety f ___22___ t high schl students. He r she ften prvides advice and resurces t students regarding their future cllege and ___23___ plans. A cunselr may als help students wh are ___24___ behaviral prblems, family issues and stress. He r she ften acts as a grief cunselr t students in the event f an accident r ther ___25___ situatins. The jb is quite demanding. ___26___, high schl cunselrs are ften very knwledgeable abut develpmental and family psychlgy, and skilled at prviding direct therapy fr trubled individuals.
Cunselrs meet with students individually r in small grups. Grup meetings can really help peple wh are dealing with ___27___ issues. Nt nly d yu get great ideas in a grup setting, but it can als help t knw that ther students are experiencing the same thing and that they understand. Hw ___28___ yu meet with yur cunselr depends n the issue. Sme cncerns are dealt with in a ne-time meeting. Others require regular meetings fr a while.
Schl cunselrs are all abut helping t make yur schl experience the best it can be. The rle f the schl cunselr tday is very ___29___ what it was like in the past. Instead f just fcusing n schlwrk and careers, tday's cunselrs are there fr students in a brader way. They help students address almst any prblem that might get in the way f learning, guide students t prductive futures, and try t create a _____30_____ envirnment fr everyne at schl.
21. A. get ffB. get thrughC. get inD. get t
22. A. servicesB. activitiesC. pprtunitiesD. arguments
23. A. husingB. careerC. trainingD. family
24. A. accustmed tB. sticking withC. cmmitted tD. struggling with
25. A. unfamiliarB. unreasnableC. unfrgettableD. unexpected
26. A. OtherwiseB. HweverC. TherefreD. Rather
27. A. difficultB. persnalC. similarD. emergent
28. A. lngB. snC. muchD. ften
29. A. different frmB. dependent nC. clse tD. famus fr
30. A. cmpetitiveB. psitiveC. scialD. wrking
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Brn in the 1950s, shpping malls were nce the symbl f the U.S. cnsumer culture, but many are nw dying ut.
Dying shpping malls can be fund acrss the United States, ften in middle-class suburbs. Ecnmic decline in certain areas tgether with an upward trend twards nline shpping and new frms f urban shpping centers have pushed the nce seemingly unbeatable shpping malls int decline. It is estimated that 15 t 50 percent f shpping malls may clse in the cming decades.
American shpping culture fllws its husing culture. Numerus shpping malls were therefre brn after the Secnd Wrld War, as Americans with cars and fat wallets mved t the suburbs. U.S. shpping malls were built at a rapid pace as shppers fled cities, peaking in the mid-1990s when they were being built at a rate f 140 a year. Thus, t many shpping malls are left thugh cnstructin has gradually decreased since then.
Currently, there are arund 1,500 shpping malls acrss the U.S. Mst share a handful f similar feature. They usually cntain tw r three stries f stres separated by walkways. Fd curts serve pizza and ther fast fd. Parking lts are big enugh t easily misplace a car.
Shpping malls in Eurpe might cntain grcery stres r childcare centers, while thse in Japan are ften built arund mass transit (交通枢纽). But the suburban American shpping malls are hard t get t and mainly sell clthes and gifts.
As many shpping malls became redundant (过剩的), leaders in many U.S. twns wh nce fught fr malls nw struggle with hw t transfrm them t new uses. Highland Mall in Texas is being transfrmed int a cmmunity cllege campus, and Lakeland Mall in Flrida nw huses a megachurch (大型教会). Others have been redevelped t include husing, ffices and even green space. Hwever, it is hard t imagine every shpping mall meeting the demands fr such transfrmatins.
31. What is this passage mainly abut?
A. The intrductin t American cnsumer culture.
B. The changes in Americans' shpping habits.
C. The grwth f American shpping centers.
D. The decline f American shpping malls.
32. When did the cnstructin speed f IS shpping malls reach the highest pint?
A. After the Secnd Wrld WarB. In the mid-1990s.
C. After mass transit appeared.D. In the 2000s.
33. What d many U.S. twns d t slve the redundant shpping malls?
A. They make them lk different frm each ther.
B. They make them mre accessible t the public.
C. They change them t serve ther purpses.
D. They mve them t the urban areas.
(B)
34. This passage is mainly intended t _______.
A. Advertise a university prgrammeB. prmte a newly built schl
C. Prvide suggestins fr summer tripsD. intrduce a well-knwn cllege
35. All f the fllwing are the features f Imperial Glbal Summer Schl EXCEPT that _______.
A. it is ideally situated
B. it ffers schlarships
C. it has excellent teachers
D. it enrlls internatinal students
36. Which f the fllwing statements is true f Imperial Glbal Summer Schl?
A. It gives just ne sessin every year.
B. Mst f its students thught highly f it.
C. It is intended fr students interested in city life.
D. Its students need t find accmmdatin by themselves.
(C)
Music. We hear it everywhere, every day. Getting int a lift, ging arund a supermarket r simply relaxing at hme, music is ur cnstant cmpanin. And music can have a significant effect n the way we think and feel, s it's wrth paying attentin t what we're listening t.
Music can have a pwerful effect n ur mds, in terms f bth reducing and increasing stress. Listening t calm gentle music in bed can help us drp ff t sleep. Sme airlines play smthing music n bard planes at take-ff and landing, t calm nervus travelers. Athletes ften listen t fast lud music t help them prepare fr games. The American swimmer Michael Phelps is knwn t listen t rap music befre imprtant races t help pump him up.
The md-altering effect f music can be especially acute fr the peple wh actually play the music. Musicians wh d nt have high self-esteem (自尊心) can suddenly verflw with cnfidence nce they g n stage. It's as thugh the music gives them a different persnality.
And it's nt nly thse wh feel ill at ease with themselves wh can benefit. Scientists have cnducted research int the effect f music n students studying fr exams. They fund that listening t calm music with a regular beat can actually help students recall facts and imprve their perfrmance in exams. Classical music, preferably smething by Mzart, seems t have the mst beneficial effect. A wrd f cautin, hwever: it's best nt t ver-rely n this methd, as yu wn't be able t listen t music in an exam.
Fr mst f us thugh, music is ne f life's great pleasures. And it's a pleasure that endures. Researchers have fund that we dn't ften grw ut f the music that we lve as teenagers, because ur musical tastes are such a huge part f ur identity, persnality and utlk n life. S dn't delete thse sngs yu dwnladed when yu were fifteen - yu'll prbably still lve them when yu're fifty.
37. What wuld be the best kind f music t play t nervus drivers stuck in traffic jam?
A. Rap music.B. Gentle classical music.
C. Cheerful flk music.D. Heavy metal music.
38. The wrd "acute" in paragraph 3 mst prbably means _______ in the passage.
A. pwerfulB. cntrllable
C. cmplexD. ppsite
39. Which f the fllwing statements abut music is true accrding t the passage?
A. Pp music imprves students' academic perfrmance.
B. Music has magic pwer t change musicians' persnality.
C. Music generally influence peple's thughts and emtins.
D. Sprtsmen listen t fast music t relieve their stress befre games.
40. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Musical tastes affect ur characters t a great extent.
B. We have t find ways t make the pleasure f music last.
C. We will be fnd f different kinds f music as we grw up.
D. A part f ur persnality and tastes are well develped in ur teens.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
A. Nw he is careful nt t fllw that mdel.
B. Children whse parents tell them they are special are mre likely t becme narcissists.
C. But actually, they have realized that they are running their children.
D. Children believe it when their parents tell them that they are mre special than thers.
E. And he carefully carries ut the principle.
F. Hwever, the study shwed that lving and emtinally warm parents are mre likely t have cnfident kids.
Are Yu Treated T Nicely?
A new study fund that when trying t build high self-esteem in children, parents may uncnsciusly be creating little narcissists (自恋狂). ___41___
Parents wh are always praising their children may be trying t develp high self-esteem. ___42___ In fact, t much special treatment can lead t narcissistic behavir.
"___43___ That may nt be gd fr them r fr sciety." Brad Bushman, c-authr f the study and prfessr f cmmunicatin and psychlgy at the Ohi State University, said in a press release. "Peple with high self-esteem think they're as gd as thers, whereas narcissists think they're better than thers."
This study, as well as previus studies abut parent-child relatinships Bushman has wrked n, caused him t alter his wn parenting style. When he began his research, he thught that children shuld be treated like they are special by their parents. ___44___ He said that interventins (干预) can help parents learn hw t better supprt their children.
"Parent training interventins can, fr example, teach parents t express affectin and appreciatin tward children withut telling children that they are superir t thers," Bushman said. "Future studies shuld test whether this can wrk."
IV. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentence English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
45. 父亲参与家庭教育对孩子的成长有积极的影响。(invlve)
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46. 这款应用程序操作便捷，不妨下载一个在手机里。(better)
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47. 我的祖父人老心不老，他很幽默，常常会逗乐年轻人。(remain)
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48. 虽然过春节时城市里不准燃放烟花，但人们仍觉得少不了要热闹庆祝一番。(it)
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V. Guided Writing
49. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 100-120 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
常言道：“良言一句三冬暖，恶语伤人六月寒”。一句鼓励的话能给人带来温暖，一句伤人的话会使人情绪低落。请你结合某一次经历，讲述自己的故事和感受。
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