Section Ⅲ　Reading and Thinking(2)

Ⅰ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式

1.If you wish for any further explanation, you had better apply in person to the ___ (首领) of police.

2.Is there life on Mars? It is still a____ (迷) to us.

3.We paid a visit to the ___ (附近的) nursing home last Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.

4.I’m writing to tell you something about the adjustment of our ___ (法律的) holidays.

5.Steve arrived and sat in the front row，_____ (围绕) by his family.

6.The full extent of the damage only became _____ (明显的) the following morning.

7.So, whatever I meet, I have confidence to ____ (征服) it.

8.You may choose either one as ____(港口) of shipment.It makes no difference to us.

9.The discovery of new ______ (evident) led to the thief’s being caught.

10.Her ______ (achieve) in the 100m surprised us all.

11.If you publish your _____ (locate) to the public, then, well, everyone can know where you are.

12.With the famous pyramids, various temples and some ________ (fascinate) museums, Cairo is a fantastic choice if you can come to the city.

Ⅱ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语

1.The island __________ (被连接起来) the mainland by a bridge.

2.Nobody can entirely _____________ (逃脱) this competitive world.

3.The house ___________ (属于) my aunt, but she doesn’t live here any more.

4.The pencil­box on the desk _______ (和) the bookmarks belongs to my little sister.

5.When travelling in a foreign country, you had better______________ (留意) the local history and tradition.

Ⅲ.句式语境仿写

1.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.

了解一点英国历史将帮助你解决这个难题。

[仿写]　掌握基本的急救技能将有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速做出反应。

_____________ will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times through history.几乎在英国的任何地方，你都会被四个不同的人群留下来的证据所包围，这些人在不同的历史时期接管了英国。

[仿写]　无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。

_________________,__she receives a warm welcome.

3.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。

[仿写]　我的车在路上抛锚了，因此我们不得不找人把它修好。

My car broke down on the way, so we had to ______________.

4.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.

学习这个国家的历史将使你的访问更加愉快。

[仿写]　这种独特的写作风格使得这部书很受我们的欢迎。

The unique writing style ____________________.

记单词

Ⅰ.一言串记多义词

1.The chief is responsible for the chief work and the others carry out the daily routine.

这位酋长负责最重要的工作，其他人在执行日常事务。

2.There was a puzzled look on the little girl’s face because the puzzle puzzled her.

在这个小女孩的脸上有一种困惑的表情，因为这个智力游戏使她困惑。

Ⅱ.词缀助记派生词

1.名词后缀：­dom，­ment，­ion

①king(n.)→kingdom

②achieve(v.)→achievement

③locate(v.)→location

2.形容词后缀：­ing

fascinate (v.)→fascinating

Ⅲ.词族联记一类词

含后缀­ence的名词集锦

1.evident→evidence 　证据

2.consequent→consequence  结果

3.convenient→convenience  便利；方便

4.absent→absence  缺乏；缺席

5.competent→competence  能力；胜任

句型公式

1.动名词短语作主语。

2.everywhere作连词，意为：无论什么地方。

3.have＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。

4.make＋宾语＋宾语补足语。

Understanding in context

WHAT’S IN A NAME

The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.

In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Most people just use the shortened name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.

[文化视窗]

爱尔兰人属于凯尔特人，是欧洲大陆第一代居民的子嗣，1169年开始遭到英格兰入侵，1541年起英王成为爱尔兰国王，1916年都柏林爆发了反抗大英帝国殖民统治的复活节起义，1921年12月6日，双方签订《英爱条约》，英被迫允许爱南部26郡成立爱尔兰自由邦，但北部6郡仍属英国，成为现在的北爱尔兰。

1.puzzle n.迷；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑　puzzling adj.令人迷惑的　puzzled adj.困惑的

[合作探究]　体会puzzle的用法和意义

I’m in a puzzle as to how to get along with him.

对于如何和他相处我感到困惑。

Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us.

失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。

These scientists have been puzzling about/over how to solve the environmental problem.如何解决这个环境问题科学家们一直苦思。

The student was puzzled about what to do next.

这个学生对下一步做什么感到迷惑。

[自主发现]

①__________　　　　　　　　　感到困惑；不知如何是好

②(be) a puzzle _______ sb...  ……对某人来说仍是个谜

③puzzle __________  冥思苦想；苦苦思索

④be puzzled____________  对……迷惑不解

[一言串记]

The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.

她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。

[巩固内化]　补全句子

①Their reason for doing it _________.他们为什么干那件事对我来说仍然是个谜。

②_____________ was why they didn’t take his advice.

最让我困惑的是他们为何不接受他的忠告。

2.break away (from sb/sth)  脱离；背叛；逃脱

①The boy was so angry that he broke away from his mother and ran away.

这个男孩如此生气以至于他挣脱开母亲跑开了。

[短语记牢]　记牢下列短语

break down　　　　　损坏；发生故障；衰弱

break in  打断；插嘴说；闯入

break into  闯入……；爆发

break out   (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生

break up  分解；解散；破裂

②No sooner had he stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.他一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。

③When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.当战争已爆发的消息传来时，他决定到军队中服役。

[巩固内化]　介、副词填空

①Modern music like jazz has broken away ____ the old traditional rules.

②The elevators in that building are always breaking ____,__which makes the residents quite annoyed.

③Two friends have an argument that breaks___ their friendship forever.

④The boy broke ___ the room, which surprised everyone.

3.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.

了解一点英国历史将帮助你解决这个难题。

【句式解读】　动名词短语Getting to know a little bit about British history在句中作主语。

【用法总结】

(1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。

①Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

(2)动名词作主语时谓语动词常常使用第三人称单数。

②Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.

沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是既有趣又有益的经历。

③Helping her is my duty.帮助她是我的责任。

(3)动名词作主语可以用it作形式主语，常见句型有：

·It is no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/是在浪费时间。

·It is useless/worth/worthwhile doing sth做某事是没有用的/是值得的。

④It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。

[思考]　动名词作主语和不定式作主语有哪些区别？

动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，而不定式作主语则表示具体的一次性的动作。如：

To__finish__the__task__will__take__a__long__time.要完成这项任务将要花费很长的时间。

[巩固内化]　补全句子

①_____________ is a pleasure.

和你一起工作是一种乐趣。

②____ during the rush hour _______

在交通高峰期开车是很累人的。

Understanding in context

The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.However, they also have some differences.For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.They even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup！

[文化视窗]

英格兰在金雀花王朝开始就不断侵入威尔士公国，最终完全掌握了威尔士的大公位，而苏格兰的斯图亚特王朝国王詹姆斯六世凭借着母系血统继承了英格兰王位成为詹姆士一世，从而使英格兰、苏格兰成为一个联邦。

4.belong vi.应在(某处)；适应　belongings n.财产；所有物；相关事物

[合作探究]　体会belong的用法和意义

Where does this file belong？这个文件应该放在哪里？

The time belonging to the children should be returned to them by the teachers.

＝The time which belongs to the children should be returned to them by the teachers.老师应归还属于孩子们的课余时间。

[自主发现]

belong__to 　　　属于；是……的一员

[思考]　“belong to”中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。小组讨论，试着列举其他不能用于进行时态和被动语态的动词。

①stay,__keep,__remain__(依然；保持)等系动词

②meet__(遇到),__weigh__(称重),__open__(店铺开门营业)等动词

③sell,__wash,__write,__last等动词后接well或easily时

[巩固内化]　

(1)补全句子

①In my opinion, you’d better put the book_____________.

依我看来，你最好把书放回应放置的地方。

(2)一句多译

②众所周知，中国属于发展中国家。

→As is known to us, China is a country ________________.(现在分词作后置定语)

→As is known to us, China is a country __________________.(定语从句)

5.as well as同(一样也)；和；还

[合作探究]　体会as well as的用法和意义

She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.

她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐家。

English，as well as Chinese and maths, is of great importance.

同语文和数学一样，英语也非常重要。

Da Shan speaks Chinese as well as a native speaker.

大山汉语说得同本地人一样好。

[自主发现]

①as well as在功能上相当于介词(连词/介词)，后接名词或动名词，尤其位于句首时，相当于besides, in addition to。

②as well as在功能上相当于连词(连词/介词)，连接两个相同的成分。连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

③as well as用于同级比较，意为：和……一样好。

[巩固内化]

(1)单句语法填空

①The famous musician, as well as his students,______(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony last month.

(2)补全句子

②We can know more about the life of great people ________ of other countries.我们不仅可以更多地了解伟人的生活而且可以了解其他国家的历史和文化。

Understanding in context

The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.The first group, the Romans, came in the first century.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.Next, the Anglo­Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the beginnings of the English language and changed the way people built the houses.The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.The last group were the Normans.They conquered England after the well­known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.

[文化视窗]

英国历史上的四次文化入侵揭示了语言与社会文化之间的互动关系。萨丕尔说过：“一种语言对另外一种语言最简单的影响是词的’借贷’。只要有文化借贷，就可能把有关的词借过来。每一个文化浪潮都在英语上沉积下一层借词。”正是这样，英语吸取了包括拉丁语、北欧语、法语等外来词汇，词汇总量达到一百万，成为名副其实的世界语言。

6.surround vt.围绕；包围　surrounding adj.周围的　surroundings n.环境

[合作探究]　体会surround的用法和意义

The professor likes to surround himself with his students.

那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。

The small village is surrounded on all sides by/with green mountains and clear rivers，attracting visitors from every corner.

青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引八方来客。

[自主发现]

①surround...with...　　　　　以……包围……

②be__surrounded__by/with...  被……包围

[巩固内化]

用surround的适当形式填空

Once upon a time，a king who was polite to①____ countries lived in a castle ②_____ by a large forest and having wonderful ③_____.

7.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.

他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。

【句式解读】　had castles built是“have sth done”结构，castles与build之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。

【用法总结】　have/get sth done属于“have/get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，它表示两种意义：

(1)使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)

①The patient is going to have his temperature taken.

这个病人准备请/叫/让人给他量体温。

②I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays.我通常在星期天洗衣服。

(2)遭遇某种不幸的事情

③She had her wallet stolen on her way home yesterday.

昨天在回家的路上她的钱包被偷了。

[思考]　写出下面结构的意义

①have sb do______…

②have sb/sth doing______……

③have sth to do______

[巩固内化]　补全句子

①I must _______________ before going to bed.

睡觉前我必须做完作业。

②Unfortunately, he __________________ during the training.

不幸的是，他在训练中把右腿弄伤了。

Understanding in context

There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.

[文化视窗]

大英博物馆(British Museum)，又名不列颠博物馆，位于英国伦敦新牛津大街北面的罗素广场，是世界上历史最悠久、规模最宏伟的综合性博物馆，也是世界上规模最大、最著名的世界五大博物馆之一。

8.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.

学习这个国家的历史将使你的访问更加愉快。

【句式解读】　句中make your visit much more enjoyable为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。

【用法总结】　

“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构有以下几种形式：

(1)make＋宾语＋形容词

(2)make＋宾语＋名词(职务名词充当宾补时其前不要加冠词)

(3)make＋宾语＋介词短语

(4)make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式(被动语态中to不能省略)

(5)make＋宾语＋过去分词(不用现在分词充当宾补)

①Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.

表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。

②We made him monitor of our class.我们选他当我们的班长。

③She made her children wash their hands before eating.

她要孩子们在吃东西前洗手。

④The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.

发言人提高了嗓音以便别人听到他说的话。

[巩固内化]

(1)单句语法填空

①You should make your views ______ (know).

(2)补全句子

②The summer training school will _____________________________.

暑假培训学校会让英语学习更简单、更有趣。

(3)同义句转换

③Every day my parents make me have an egg.(变为被动语态)

→______________________________.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空

Many people are confused about the 1._____ (mean) of the names：the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England.2.____ (solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.

In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3.____ (join) to the Kingdom of England, followed by the country Scotland in 18th century.In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.4.____ (final), in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away 5.____ the UK, resulting in the full name we have today：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.People from the UK are called “British”， 6.____ means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.

Even though the four countries 7._____ (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8.)____- (defend), they also have some differences.Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9.___ long and interesting history to explore，which can help you understand much more about the country and 10.___(it) traditions.

Ⅱ.根据提示完成课堂小作文

上周，我和(as well as)同学们一起参观了一个小村庄，它被青山和绿水围绕(surround)着。村子中心有个博物馆，里面展示着他们在过去几十年里取得的成绩(achievement)。村子的领导(chief)说他们已经摆脱(break away from)了传统的耕种方式，发展了有机农业。这迷人的(fascinating)环境(surroundings)和勤劳的人们给我们留下了深刻印象。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.The _____ (王国) of Italy finally came into being on 17 March，1861.

2.Tourism is now the ____(最重要的) industry of this country.

3.Can you tell the difference between the words “require” and “request”？ I sometimes get_____(迷惑) by their meanings.

4.Some villagers reported a huge snake，measuring over two metres long, was found dead in a _____(附近的) cave.

5.First of all, uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they ____(属于)to a particular group.

6.All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in _____ (保卫) of their own homes.

7.I said at the time that this action was necessary, _____(合法的) and right and I still believe that today.

8.______(围绕)by a river, the park had a central pond with flowers floating in it.

9.Unless we have enough_____(证据), we can’t win the case.

10.The moment we’ve learned that you’re collecting suggestions on its____(地点), we all came to life.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.What happened there is hard to explain, leaving many people puzzled _____mysterious disappearances of ships and planes in this area.

2.I wonder whether it can be bent and joined ____ other materials.

3.—OK, I’ve had enough of it.I give up.

—You can’t break away ____ your responsibilities.

4.The mountain village I visited last week is made up of 30 families _______(belong)to five nationalities.

5.The basketball coach, as well as his team，______(interview)shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

6.Some insects take on the colour of their ______(surround)to protect themselves.

7.In the last few years, China has made great ____(achieve)in environmental protection.

8.—Have you heard of the Victorian Garden there?

—Actually I stayed there for two days.Really _____(fascinate)!

Ⅲ.补全句子

1.How she was successful _______.

她怎么会成功对我来说是个谜。

2.The island, _______________,__is easy to go to.

这座岛屿，通过桥连接到了陆地，很容易到达。

3.Living in big cities, we ________________,__most of which is harmful.

生活在大城市中，我们一直被噪音包围，其中大多数的噪音是有害的。

4.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish _______________.

艾琳是个了不起的舞蹈家。我多希望也能和她跳得一样好。

5._______________ he had told a lie.很明显他说了谎。

6.First Emperor of Qin _________________.Thus the Great Wall came into being.

秦始皇让人把所有的城墙连接起来。这样长城就出现了。

Ⅳ.阅读理解

Londoners are great readers.They buy large numbers of newspapers, magazines and books—especially paperbacks (平装书), which are still cheap in spite of ever­increasing rises in the costs of printing.They still continue to buy “proper” books, too, printed on good paper.

There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book­selling.Perhaps the best known of these is Charing Cross Road in the very heart of London.Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which is said to be “the biggest bookshop in the world” to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens’ time.Some of these shops stock, or will make efforts to get, any kind of book, but many of them specialize in second­hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on economics, politics or any other subjects about which books may be written.One shop in this area specializes only in books about ballet.

Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charing Cross Road is not the cheapest.For really cheap second­hand books, collectors must venture__off__the__beaten__track,__to Farringdon Road, in the East Central District of London.Here there is nothing so impressive as bookshops.The booksellers come along each morning and put lots of books onto small hand­carts (手推车) which line the streets.The collectors, some professionals and some amateurs (业余爱好者), who have been waiting for them, run quickly towards the books.In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old book that may be worth many pounds.

【语篇解读】　伦敦人酷爱读书。本文介绍了在伦敦能买书的一些地方。

1.“Londoners are great readers” means that ________.

A.Londoners are great because they read a lot

B.there are a great number of readers in London

C.Londoners are readers who read only great books

D.Londoners read a lot

2.According to this passage, Charing Cross Road ________.

A.is in the suburbs of London

B.is famous for its bookshops

C.contains various kinds of shops

D.is the busiest street in London

3.In this passage, what does the underlined part “venture off the beaten track” mean?

A.Buy books in a most busy street.

B.Move away from a busy street.

C.Waste time looking for books.

D.Take a risk of losing one’s life.

4.The best topic for this passage is “________”.

A.Bookshops in London

B.The biggest bookshop in the world

C.Charing Cross Road

D.Buying books in London

Ⅴ.完形填空

In the last 30 years, genealogy (家谱学) has become one of America’s most popular hobbies.If you type genealogy in a search engine, you can __1__ about 16 million hits.If you __2__ family history, you will get about 10 million __3__.The percentage of the U.S.population interested in family history has been __4__.45 percent of Americans in 1996 stated they were __5__ about genealogy.In 2000, that number __6__ to 60 percent.This increase probably has to do with the convenience of searching on the Internet.

Genealogy is a great __7__ for many Americans.People ask themselves：What kind of people were my ancestors? The average family historian has been doing genealogy for 14 years，__8__ a recent study.Cyndi Howells left her job in 1992 and has been working on her family __9__ ever since.Four years later, she created a website to help others with their __10__.Her website has over 99，000 resources.Since its __11__ in 1996, her website has had over 22 million __12__ and more than 32 million page hits each month.Cyndi has also been __13__ lectures all over the country to genealogy groups.Cyndi’s website has won an award three times for the best genealogy site on the Web.

__14__ the Internet has made research easier for amateur genealogists, it is only the beginning for __15__ family historians.Researchers still need to go to courthouses and libraries to find strong __16__，such as land deeds, wedding notices, and tax (税收) records.Another good __17__ of information is the U.S.Census (人口普查).Early census records are not __18__，but since the mid­1800s, the U.S.Census has been keeping detailed records of family members, their ages, jobs, and places of birth.

Are you interested in knowing more about your __19__ and their stories, their country or countries, and how you fit into the history of your __20__？Maybe genealogy is a good hobby for you.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了越来越多的美国人开始研究家谱。

1.A.imagine  B.predict

C.plan  D.find

2.A.type  B.discuss 

C.study  D.enter

3.A.sites  B.results

C.pages  D.reports

4.A.reducing  B.falling

C.changing  D.increasing

5.A.careful  B.sure

C.enthusiastic  D.worried

6.A.dropped  B.rose

C.added  D.turned

7.A.goal  B.job

C.pleasure  D.journey

8.A.according to  B.opposite to

C.except for  D.instead of

9.A.entertainment  B.name

C.history  D.relationship

10.A.search  B.business

C.learning  D.application

11.A.popularity  B.research

C.start  D.success

12.A.fans  B.visitors

C.workers  D.hosts

13.A.giving  B.attending

C.hearing  D.missing

14.A.Because  B.While

C.Unless  D.If

15.A.ancient  B.cultural

C.local  D.serious

16.A.opinions  B.service

C.figures  D.evidence

17.A.center  B.source

C.system  D.supply

18.A.formal  B.correct

C.proper  D.complete

19.A.ancestors  B.friends

C.parents  D.neighbors

20.A.country  B.house

C.family  D.town