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初中英语牛津译林版八年级下册Grammar集体备课ppt课件
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这是一份初中英语牛津译林版八年级下册Grammar集体备课ppt课件，共45页。PPT课件主要包含了现在完成时，我参观过北京两次，现在完成时的构成，1肯定句，2否定句，过去分词的构成，Have ，seen，saw，have heard等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. 近几年无锡发生了巨大变化。（3种）
2. 他爸爸自出生以来就一直住在上海。
Wuxi has changed a lt ver the years.
Great changes have taken place in Wuxi ver the years.
There have been great changes in Wuxi ver the years.
His father has lived in Shanghai since he was brn.
3. 你表哥曾搬过家吗？从来没有。
Has yur cusin ever mved huse? Never.
4. 我父母十五年前结婚的。
5. 以前曾这里有个钢铁厂，现在已变成一个饭店了。
My parents gt married 15 years ag.
There was nce a steel factry here.
Nw it has turned int a restaurant.
6. 你应该采取行动来提高你的英语。
7. 那儿的污染很严重，因为工厂的工人过去常往河里倒废物。
8. 他过去住在香港，但现在已搬到伦敦。
Yu shuld take actin t imprve yur English.
The pllutin there is very serius because the wrkers in the factry used t put the waste int the river.
He lived in Hngkng in the past.
But nw he has mved t Lndn.
Present perfect tense
I have lived in Yangzhu since 1998.
自从1998年以来，我就一直住在扬州。
I have taught English fr abut 10 years.
我教英语已教了大约10年了。
1.（“居住”这个动作发生在过去并且持续到现在，可能还要继续延续下去。）
（“教英语”这个动作也是发生在过去并且延续到现在，可能还会继续延续下去。）
I have already visited Beijing twice.
3. （“参观”这个动作到现在为止发生了两次。)（谈论到现在为止，动作发生了多少次。)
I have travelled t many places f interest in China.
我已经去过中国的很多名胜古迹。
2.（“travel”这个动作发生在过去并跟现在有联系—我已经认识了中国的很多地方。）
现在完成时的含义(共三点）
（1）动作发生在过去并持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如fr、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）
提问fr…或since…., 用hw lng
（2）动作发生在过去，对现在有一定影响。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达) 通常与时间副词already, yet, never, ever，just, befre, recently，等连用
1.Eddie刚刚吃了我的食物。 Eddie has just eaten my fd. 2.我以前从未听说过那件事。I have never heard f that befre. 3.你曾经骑过马吗？Have yu ever ridden a hrse? 4.她早已经完成这个工作了。She has already finished the wrk.5.我们还没有完成作业。We haven’t finished ur hmewrk yet.6.近来我没有收到他的来信。I haven’t heard frm him recently.
Cmpleting the sentences with the crrect nes in brackets1 Have yu dne yur hmewrk _____ ? ( fr, just, yet)2 I have ______ been t Chengdu. ( fr, never, yet)3 He has wrked there _____ he left schl. (already, just, since)4 She has knwn Sam ______ nine years. ( fr, never, since)5 Have yu _______ ridden a hrse? ( ever, fr, yet)
6 They have _____ arrived. (ever, just, yet)7 He has _______ washed the dished. ( already, ever, fr)8 We have nt cmpleted the prject ____ . ( already, fr, yet)
（3）到现在为止，动作发生了多少次.
这本书我已经看过多次了。I have already read this bk many times.
I/We/Yu/They+have +p.p(过去分词）+其它.He/She/It +has+p.p(过去分词）+其它.
____________ their hmewrk. (finish）He ______________his hmewrk. （finish)
have finishedhas finished
I/We/Yu/They+have nt +p.p(过去分词）+其它.He/She/It +has nt +p.p(过去分词）+其它.
_____________ their hmewrk yet. (finish）He _____________ his hmewrk yet. (finish)
haven’t finishedhasn’t finished
(3)一般疑问句及回答
---Have+I/yu/we/they+p.p(过去分词）+其它？---Yes, I/yu/we/they have. ---N, I/yu/we/they haven’t.---Has +she/he/it+p.p(过去分词） +其它？---Yes, she/he/it has.---N, she/he/it hasn’t.
_________the film?(watch)Yes, I ______.____yur father ________the film? (watch)N, he _______.
Have watched have
Has watched hasn’t
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p(过去分词）+其它？
girl has learned English fr 6 years.
I have eaten tw apples fr breakfast.
Hw lng has the girl learned English?
What have yu eaten fr breakfast?
(A) 规则动词：同过去式的构成
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 finish---finished---finished (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 change---changed---changed , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ ed ”。 carry---carried---carried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stp--stpped--stpped
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词:
begive seemake put cmewrite
was/were beengave givensaw seenmade madeput putcame cmewrte written
注:不规则动词见书上122页不规则动词表.
1 brrw2 hpe3 make4 get5 plan6 cry
7 send8 watch9 say10 grw11 hit12 enjy
brrwedhpedmadegtplannedcried
sentwatchedsaidgrewhit enjyed
Step3: While –taskTask3: Finish Part A n page 14
1 They __________ (finish) their hmewrk already.2 Jhn _____never _____ (visit) China.3 Mr. Li __________ (repair) ver ten bicycles since Mnday.4 We_ __________ (nt see) each ther fr years.5 My parents __________ (nt cme) back yet.6. Our teacher __________ (teach) us a lt abut the histry f China.
have finished
has visited
has repaired
haven’t seen
haven’t cme
Step3: While –taskTask4: Finish Part B n page 14
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
I bught a new cmputer last week.——只强调动作发生在过去。I have bught a new cmputer.——不强调动作什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ag, in1980, in Octber, just nw等具体的时间状语。 ◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：fr, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in the past years等不确定的时间状语。
I ate my breakfast at 6:30 this mrning.
I have already had my breakfast. (I am full nw.)
I saw The life f Pie a mnth ag.
I have already seen The life f Pie .(I knw smething abut it nw.)
Yu finished yur hliday exercises in the winter hliday.
Yu have already finished them.
I clsed the dr just nw.
I have just clsed the dr. (The dr is clsed nw.)
I have been a teacher fr 7 years.（时间段）
I am an English teacher.
I have been a teachersince I left my cllege\2015\7 years ag.(过去的时间点)
I became a teacher in 2015\7 years ag.
Yu learned English 5 years ag.
Yu have learned English since 5 years ag\ yu were in primary schl.（过去的时间点）
Yu have learned English fr 5 years.（时间段）
Task 5: Finish Part C n page 14M: ________ yu ________ (see) any films recently, Sandy?S: N, I haven’t. What abut yu?M: Well, I ________ (see) ne last Saturday.S: What is it abut?M: It’s abut the changes in Beijing ver the past century. Frm this film, I ________ (learn) mre abut Beijing’s past and present.S: Oh, I think I ________ (hear) abut the film. D yu plan t see it again?M: Yes, I’d like t.
have learnt
1. 他已经做了作业。（改否定句）2. 你曾经听说过这本书吗？没有。3. 我曾经去过云南。4. 我爸爸去过北京2次了。
He has already dne the hmewrk.
He hasn’t dne the hmewrk yet.
Have yu ever heard abut the bk? N, I haven’t.
I have ever been t Yunnan.
My father has been t Beijing twice.
5. 以前我从来没有参观过博物馆。6. 他刚刚回到家。7. 自从那时起他就在一家工厂工作。8. 他们结婚有5年了。9. 最近这条河已变干净了。
I have never visited the museum befre.
Hw has just cme back hme.
He has wrked in a factry since then.
They have been married fr 5 years.
The river has becme clean recently.
Let’s try! I’m sure yu can d it well!
1.I _________(see) the 3D film Avatar. It’s amazing! I ______(see) it ne year ag.
2.--Is yur grandfather still alive? --N, he _______already ______(die). --When _______he _______(die)? --He _______last year(die).
3.I _______just _______ (hear) f the earthquake in Qinhai. --The earthquake? --Yes, it _________(happen) n April 14th, 2010.
has died
did die
have heard
4.Mr. Li _______(begin) t wrk in this factry in 1990.He ___________ (wrk) in the factry fr 21 years.
5. The Greens ____________(live) in China since they _______(mve) here in 2003.
Let’s try!
用since或fr填空：1.I have been at this schl _______ mre than tw years.2. She has wrked in the factry ______ ten years ag.3. Mr. Green has lived in the city _____ he was brn.4. His father has been a party member ______ twenty years.
1. She has already cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句)→She ______ cleaned the kitchen ___.2. They have visited sme interesting places in China. (改为一般疑问句)→____ they _______ ____ interesting places in China?
hasn’t yet
Have visited any
3. The pr dg has died.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）→______the pr dg _________? N, it __________.
Has died hasn’t
4. They have brrwed ten bks frm the library. (对划线部分提问)→______ ______bks _______ they _________ frm the library?5. I have ever been t the Great Wall. (改为否定句)I _____ ______ been t the Great Wall.6. They have studied here since they mved t the city. (对划线部分提问)_____ ______ _____ they ______ here?
Hw many have brrwed
have never
Hw lng have studied
1.He ___________ (wait) fr an hur.2.I _______________(nt finish) the wrk yet.3. ______ yu ______ (knw) him since then?4.I ___________ (nt hear) frm my brther fr a lng ___________ (be) there many times since 3 years ag.
haven’t finished
haven’t heard
6.Hw lng __________ yu __________ (stay) at hme already?7. He ___________ (nt read) the bk sister ________ (g) t Changchun. She________ (leave) this ___________ (live) in his hmetwn since he left writer ____________ (finish) several stry-bks since 1990.
hasn’t read
has finished
1 She __________ (wait) fr tw hurs already. 2 They _______________(nt finish) the prject yet.3 _____ yu ______ (hear) frm my sister recently?4 Mark _________ (be) there fr tw days.5 _____ they ever _____ (stay) at hme alne?6 I _____ never ________ (watch) this film .7 Daniel ______ just _________ (arrive) hme.8 We _____________(nt eat) anything since then.
haven’t eaten
1.你最近看过电影吗？没有。 Have yu seen any films recently? N, I haven’t.2.这本书我已经读过许多遍了。 I have already read this bk many times. 3.它是关于上世纪北京的变化的。 It’s abut the changes in Beijing ver the past century.4.从这部电影中我了解了许多北京的过去和现在。 Frm this film, I have learnt mre abut Beijing’s past and present.
5.我想我听说过这部电影。 I think I have heard abut the film.6.我上周六看来这部电影。 I saw the film last Saturday.7.你打算再看一遍吗？是的，我想的。D yu plan t see it again? Yes, I’d like t.8.他们已经完成作业了。They have finished their hmewrk already. 9.约翰从未访问过中国。Jhn has never visited China.
1. 近几年无锡发生了巨大变化。（3种）
2. 他爸爸自出生以来就一直住在上海。
Wuxi has changed a lt ver the years.
Great changes have taken place in Wuxi ver the years.
There have been great changes in Wuxi ver the years.
His father has lived in Shanghai since he was brn.
3. 你表哥曾搬过家吗？从来没有。
Has yur cusin ever mved huse? Never.
4. 我父母十五年前结婚的。
5. 以前曾这里有个钢铁厂，现在已变成一个饭店了。
My parents gt married 15 years ag.
There was nce a steel factry here.
Nw it has turned int a restaurant.
6. 你应该采取行动来提高你的英语。
7. 那儿的污染很严重，因为工厂的工人过去常往河里倒废物。
8. 他过去住在香港，但现在已搬到伦敦。
Yu shuld take actin t imprve yur English.
The pllutin there is very serius because the wrkers in the factry used t put the waste int the river.
He lived in Hngkng in the past.
But nw he has mved t Lndn.
Present perfect tense
I have lived in Yangzhu since 1998.
自从1998年以来，我就一直住在扬州。
I have taught English fr abut 10 years.
我教英语已教了大约10年了。
1.（“居住”这个动作发生在过去并且持续到现在，可能还要继续延续下去。）
（“教英语”这个动作也是发生在过去并且延续到现在，可能还会继续延续下去。）
I have already visited Beijing twice.
3. （“参观”这个动作到现在为止发生了两次。)（谈论到现在为止，动作发生了多少次。)
I have travelled t many places f interest in China.
我已经去过中国的很多名胜古迹。
2.（“travel”这个动作发生在过去并跟现在有联系—我已经认识了中国的很多地方。）
现在完成时的含义(共三点）
（1）动作发生在过去并持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如fr、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）
提问fr…或since…., 用hw lng
（2）动作发生在过去，对现在有一定影响。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达) 通常与时间副词already, yet, never, ever，just, befre, recently，等连用
1.Eddie刚刚吃了我的食物。 Eddie has just eaten my fd. 2.我以前从未听说过那件事。I have never heard f that befre. 3.你曾经骑过马吗？Have yu ever ridden a hrse? 4.她早已经完成这个工作了。She has already finished the wrk.5.我们还没有完成作业。We haven’t finished ur hmewrk yet.6.近来我没有收到他的来信。I haven’t heard frm him recently.
Cmpleting the sentences with the crrect nes in brackets1 Have yu dne yur hmewrk _____ ? ( fr, just, yet)2 I have ______ been t Chengdu. ( fr, never, yet)3 He has wrked there _____ he left schl. (already, just, since)4 She has knwn Sam ______ nine years. ( fr, never, since)5 Have yu _______ ridden a hrse? ( ever, fr, yet)
6 They have _____ arrived. (ever, just, yet)7 He has _______ washed the dished. ( already, ever, fr)8 We have nt cmpleted the prject ____ . ( already, fr, yet)
（3）到现在为止，动作发生了多少次.
这本书我已经看过多次了。I have already read this bk many times.
I/We/Yu/They+have +p.p(过去分词）+其它.He/She/It +has+p.p(过去分词）+其它.
____________ their hmewrk. (finish）He ______________his hmewrk. （finish)
have finishedhas finished
I/We/Yu/They+have nt +p.p(过去分词）+其它.He/She/It +has nt +p.p(过去分词）+其它.
_____________ their hmewrk yet. (finish）He _____________ his hmewrk yet. (finish)
haven’t finishedhasn’t finished
(3)一般疑问句及回答
---Have+I/yu/we/they+p.p(过去分词）+其它？---Yes, I/yu/we/they have. ---N, I/yu/we/they haven’t.---Has +she/he/it+p.p(过去分词） +其它？---Yes, she/he/it has.---N, she/he/it hasn’t.
_________the film?(watch)Yes, I ______.____yur father ________the film? (watch)N, he _______.
Have watched have
Has watched hasn’t
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p(过去分词）+其它？
girl has learned English fr 6 years.
I have eaten tw apples fr breakfast.
Hw lng has the girl learned English?
What have yu eaten fr breakfast?
(A) 规则动词：同过去式的构成
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 finish---finished---finished (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 change---changed---changed , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ ed ”。 carry---carried---carried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stp--stpped--stpped
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词:
begive seemake put cmewrite
was/were beengave givensaw seenmade madeput putcame cmewrte written
注:不规则动词见书上122页不规则动词表.
1 brrw2 hpe3 make4 get5 plan6 cry
7 send8 watch9 say10 grw11 hit12 enjy
brrwedhpedmadegtplannedcried
sentwatchedsaidgrewhit enjyed
Step3: While –taskTask3: Finish Part A n page 14
1 They __________ (finish) their hmewrk already.2 Jhn _____never _____ (visit) China.3 Mr. Li __________ (repair) ver ten bicycles since Mnday.4 We_ __________ (nt see) each ther fr years.5 My parents __________ (nt cme) back yet.6. Our teacher __________ (teach) us a lt abut the histry f China.
have finished
has visited
has repaired
haven’t seen
haven’t cme
Step3: While –taskTask4: Finish Part B n page 14
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
I bught a new cmputer last week.——只强调动作发生在过去。I have bught a new cmputer.——不强调动作什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ag, in1980, in Octber, just nw等具体的时间状语。 ◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：fr, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in the past years等不确定的时间状语。
I ate my breakfast at 6:30 this mrning.
I have already had my breakfast. (I am full nw.)
I saw The life f Pie a mnth ag.
I have already seen The life f Pie .(I knw smething abut it nw.)
Yu finished yur hliday exercises in the winter hliday.
Yu have already finished them.
I clsed the dr just nw.
I have just clsed the dr. (The dr is clsed nw.)
I have been a teacher fr 7 years.（时间段）
I am an English teacher.
I have been a teachersince I left my cllege\2015\7 years ag.(过去的时间点)
I became a teacher in 2015\7 years ag.
Yu learned English 5 years ag.
Yu have learned English since 5 years ag\ yu were in primary schl.（过去的时间点）
Yu have learned English fr 5 years.（时间段）
Task 5: Finish Part C n page 14M: ________ yu ________ (see) any films recently, Sandy?S: N, I haven’t. What abut yu?M: Well, I ________ (see) ne last Saturday.S: What is it abut?M: It’s abut the changes in Beijing ver the past century. Frm this film, I ________ (learn) mre abut Beijing’s past and present.S: Oh, I think I ________ (hear) abut the film. D yu plan t see it again?M: Yes, I’d like t.
have learnt
1. 他已经做了作业。（改否定句）2. 你曾经听说过这本书吗？没有。3. 我曾经去过云南。4. 我爸爸去过北京2次了。
He has already dne the hmewrk.
He hasn’t dne the hmewrk yet.
Have yu ever heard abut the bk? N, I haven’t.
I have ever been t Yunnan.
My father has been t Beijing twice.
5. 以前我从来没有参观过博物馆。6. 他刚刚回到家。7. 自从那时起他就在一家工厂工作。8. 他们结婚有5年了。9. 最近这条河已变干净了。
I have never visited the museum befre.
Hw has just cme back hme.
He has wrked in a factry since then.
They have been married fr 5 years.
The river has becme clean recently.
Let’s try! I’m sure yu can d it well!
1.I _________(see) the 3D film Avatar. It’s amazing! I ______(see) it ne year ag.
2.--Is yur grandfather still alive? --N, he _______already ______(die). --When _______he _______(die)? --He _______last year(die).
3.I _______just _______ (hear) f the earthquake in Qinhai. --The earthquake? --Yes, it _________(happen) n April 14th, 2010.
has died
did die
have heard
4.Mr. Li _______(begin) t wrk in this factry in 1990.He ___________ (wrk) in the factry fr 21 years.
5. The Greens ____________(live) in China since they _______(mve) here in 2003.
Let’s try!
用since或fr填空：1.I have been at this schl _______ mre than tw years.2. She has wrked in the factry ______ ten years ag.3. Mr. Green has lived in the city _____ he was brn.4. His father has been a party member ______ twenty years.
1. She has already cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句)→She ______ cleaned the kitchen ___.2. They have visited sme interesting places in China. (改为一般疑问句)→____ they _______ ____ interesting places in China?
hasn’t yet
Have visited any
3. The pr dg has died.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）→______the pr dg _________? N, it __________.
Has died hasn’t
4. They have brrwed ten bks frm the library. (对划线部分提问)→______ ______bks _______ they _________ frm the library?5. I have ever been t the Great Wall. (改为否定句)I _____ ______ been t the Great Wall.6. They have studied here since they mved t the city. (对划线部分提问)_____ ______ _____ they ______ here?
Hw many have brrwed
have never
Hw lng have studied
1.He ___________ (wait) fr an hur.2.I _______________(nt finish) the wrk yet.3. ______ yu ______ (knw) him since then?4.I ___________ (nt hear) frm my brther fr a lng ___________ (be) there many times since 3 years ag.
haven’t finished
haven’t heard
6.Hw lng __________ yu __________ (stay) at hme already?7. He ___________ (nt read) the bk sister ________ (g) t Changchun. She________ (leave) this ___________ (live) in his hmetwn since he left writer ____________ (finish) several stry-bks since 1990.
hasn’t read
has finished
1 She __________ (wait) fr tw hurs already. 2 They _______________(nt finish) the prject yet.3 _____ yu ______ (hear) frm my sister recently?4 Mark _________ (be) there fr tw days.5 _____ they ever _____ (stay) at hme alne?6 I _____ never ________ (watch) this film .7 Daniel ______ just _________ (arrive) hme.8 We _____________(nt eat) anything since then.
haven’t eaten
1.你最近看过电影吗？没有。 Have yu seen any films recently? N, I haven’t.2.这本书我已经读过许多遍了。 I have already read this bk many times. 3.它是关于上世纪北京的变化的。 It’s abut the changes in Beijing ver the past century.4.从这部电影中我了解了许多北京的过去和现在。 Frm this film, I have learnt mre abut Beijing’s past and present.
5.我想我听说过这部电影。 I think I have heard abut the film.6.我上周六看来这部电影。 I saw the film last Saturday.7.你打算再看一遍吗？是的，我想的。D yu plan t see it again? Yes, I’d like t.8.他们已经完成作业了。They have finished their hmewrk already. 9.约翰从未访问过中国。Jhn has never visited China.
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