高中北师大版 (2019)Lesson 3 Your Life Is What You Make It导学案及答案

Unit 1 Life Choices

Section Ⅲ　Reading & Writing

速读课文，选择最佳答案

1．Why is life in senior secondary school different from junior school?

A．Because we don't have a fixed classroom.

B．Because we have different subjects.

C．Because we have a huge gym.

D．Because we have different clubs.

2．I'm in the same class with Zijun for        ．

A．Chinese and maths

B．Chinese and physics

C．English and physics

D．English and maths

3．What does the writer intend to do?

A．To join the Dancing Club.

B．To have a fixed classroom.

C．To attend a competition.

D．To finish her slides.

[答案]　1－3　ACC

Words And Phrases

　junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的；低年级的　n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者

(教材P18)You are going to write an email to a junior secondary school classmate about your new school life.

你要给你的一个初中同学写一封关于你的新学校生活的电子邮件。

[例1]　He is several years junior to Mrs Cooper.

他比库珀太太小几岁。

[例2]　I spent my junior year in France.

我在法国度过了我的初中。

[造句]　她比我小三岁。

She is junior to me by three years.

[链接写作]——完成句子

①她比他小四岁。

She is junior to him by four years.

＝She is four years his junior．

＝She is his junior by four years.

②他是我的经理，尽管他资历比我浅。

He is my manager，though he is junior to me．

③我哥哥比我大两岁。

My brother is senior to me by two years．

　adapt v．(使)适应；改编，改造

(教材P18)I hope you have adapted well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school.

我希望你能适应新的形势，喜欢你的新学校。

[例1]　This machine has been specially adapted for using underwater.这台机器是为水下使用而特别改装的。

[例2]　Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.

我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境。

[造句]　这部小说已被改编成无线电广播节目。

This novel has been adapted for radio.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Chung has tried to adapt to local customs.

②She adapted herself(her)quickly to the new life.

③The author is going to adapt his play for television.

　at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下

(教材P18)At the moment，we meet twice a week and we're preparing to attend a competition.

目前，我们每周见两次，我们正在准备参加一次比赛。

[例1]　I know the address well enough，but I can't think of it at the moment.我清楚地记得这个地址，可是这会儿怎么也想不起来了。

[例2]　I was willing to lend him the book，but I hadn't it with me at the moment.

我是愿意借给他那本书的，可是当时书不在我手边。

[造句]　我此刻很忙。

I was busy at the moment.

[链接写作]——完成句子

①我们暂时不做任何改变。

We aren't going to make any change for the moment．

②我真的必须立即回家。

I really must be getting home in a moment．

③她一到达我就想要见她。

I want to see her the moment she arrives．

　presentation n．报告；陈述，说明

(教材P18)I've got a presentation tomorrow and I need to finish my slides.

明天我有一个报告，我需要完成我的幻灯片。

[例1]　They are preparing for the presentation of a new musical.他们正准备上演新的歌舞喜剧。

[例2]　She needs to improve her presentation of the arguments.她需要改进阐述其论点的方式。

[造句]　市长将作报告。

The mayor will make the presentation.

[归纳拓展]

[链接写作]——完成句子

①他喜欢表现出一副激进政治家的样子。

He likes to present himself as a radical politician.

②多数做父亲的都希望孩子出生时自己能在场。

Most fathers wish to be present at the birth of their child.

③很抱歉，我现在帮不了你。我实在太忙了。

I'm afraid I can't help you just at present．I'm too busy.

[名师点津]　present作为形容词时，作“在场的，出席的”讲时放在被修饰词的后面；而作为“现在的，目前的”讲时放在被修饰词的前面。

　look forward to期待，盼望

(教材P18)I look forward to hearing all about what's happening with you soon.

我期待着尽快听到你发生的一切。

[例1]　He was looking forward to working with the new Prime Minister.他期待着与新首相合作。

[例2]　Motor traders are looking forward to a further increase in vehicle sales.

汽车贸易商期待着汽车销量的进一步增长。

[造句]　弗兰克期待着那天晚上的约会。

Frank was looking forward to that evening's date.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①When all the facts have been looked up，pass them on to me.

②The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime.

③Looking back on it，one realizes that it was far from being a satisfactory conference.

[名师点津]　look forward to短语中的to为介词，后面跟名词或动名词形式。

　come up with想出(计划、回答)；提出

(教材P21)The Duchess came up with a clever idea to solve this problem.

公爵夫人想出了一个聪明的办法来解决这个问题。

[例1]　Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.

几位成员提出了他们自己的建议。

[例2]　Whoever come up with the answer to the question in a few minutes is allowed to leave.

无论谁在几分钟之内想出这个问题的答案都允许离开。

[造句]　我希望你能提出比这更好的计划来。

I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①When will the matter come up for discussion?

②This book is about to come out in Britain，and later in France and in Spain.

③They didn't know how the change had come about．

[名师点津]　come up with的主语是人或组织，with后是提出的内容；come up意为“被提出”，主语是被提出的内容，主动表被动。

　play a．..part in 在……方面起……作用；在……中扮演……角色

(教材P21)They still play an important part in the social life in modern Britain.

它们在现代英国生活中仍然起重要作用。

[例1]　These days work plays an important part in a single woman's life.

如今，工作在单身女性的生活中扮演着重要的角色。

[例2]　She played a major part in the success of the scheme.她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。

[造句]　她积极参与地方政治活动。

She plays an active part in local politics.

[名师点津]

play a(n)．..part/role in...的常考方向：短语中的part/role常被提前用作先行词，后接一个定语从句，play的选择为设题焦点。

[链接写作]——完成句子

①在这封信中，他对奥巴马说，食品问题应该在他执政中占重要地位。

In the letter，he told Mr.Obama that food would play an important part in his administration.

②他在我们校院剧中扮演的老国王角色给我们的印象很深。

The role of the old king he played in our school play impressed us very much.

　entertainment n．娱乐；招待，款待

(教材P22)I love city life because it's full of opportunities for culture，recreation，education and entertainment.

我喜欢城市生活，因为它充满文化、娱乐活动、教育和娱乐的机会。

[例1]　 The show has good entertainment value.

这个节目很有娱乐价值。

[例2]　The entertainment was provided by a folk band.娱乐活动是由一个民间乐队提供的。

[造句]　当地的娱乐活动都被列在报纸上。

 Local entertainments are listed in the newspaper.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night.

②The child entertained himself with his building blocks.

③The traveller was an entertaining(entertain)story teller.

　cut off 切(砍)掉；切断；隔绝

(教材P23)Some city people think country life is lonely because you're cut off from the outside world.

一些城市人认为乡村生活是孤独的，因为你与外界隔绝了。

[例1]　He threatened to cut my hair off.

他威胁要剪掉我的头发。

[例2]　The exiles have been cut off from all contact with their homeland.

流亡者被切断了与祖国的一切联系。

[造句]　暴风雨把我们隔绝了。

The storm has cut us off.

[链接写作]——完成句子

①我们谈话时她老是插嘴。

She kept cutting in on our conversation.

②我想删掉有关做女服务员的那段工作经历。

I would cut out the bit about working as a waitress.

③我在回家途中通常抄近路穿过公园。

I usually cut through the park on my way home.

Sentence Patterns

　not...until结构

(教材P21)In the 18th and 19th centuries，most English people ate only two main meals each day－breakfast in the morning and a large supper which wasn't usually served until seven o'clock in the evening.

在18世纪和19世纪，大部分英国人每天吃两顿饭，早晨的早餐和直到晚上七点才吃的晚餐。

句式分析：not...until结构中，until引导了时间状语从句，表示“直到……才”。

[例1]　I won't stop shouting until you let me go.

你不放我走我就一直叫喊。

[例2]　You're not going out until you've finished this.在你完成这个之前你不能出去。

[造句]　我不来你不要离开。

Don't leave until I arrive.

[链接写作]——完成句子

①他直到半夜才回家。

He didn't come home until midnight.

②直到完成任务时我才能去看电影。

Not until I have fulfilled my task shall I be able to go to the movies．

　状语从句的省略

(教材P23)If anything，people are more likely to be lonely in a big city.

如果有的话，在大城市里人们更容易孤独。

句式分析：if anything是状语从句的省略，完整的句子是：if there is anything。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it，且谓语动词是be时，it和be要完全简化掉。

(2)主句和从句的主语一致，从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。

[例1]　If necessary，the patient can then visit his doctor for further advice.

如有必要，病人可以上门咨询自己的医生以得到更多的建议。

[例2]　True greatness has little，if anything，to do with rank or power.

真正的伟大，倘若说与官阶或权力有什么关系的话，那也是极其微小的。

[造句]　如有必要，你应该找他的秘书核实。

If necessary, you can check with his secretary.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①If anything, he is a little better today.

②I'd like an appointment on Friday afternoon if possible．

③I don't suppose there will be more than a dozen left, if any．

如何做段落大意题

每个段落通常都有一个中心思想，常通过首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。在阅读中应尽量利用相关信息确定主题句的位置。

一般说来，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，主题句出现在段首，这种情况较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊——一般——特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落中间；有时，文章中没有明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。

段落大意题的常见设问形式：

①The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that         ．

②What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?

③What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 3?

④Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 1?

⑤What's the main idea of the first paragraph?

[典例]

(2018·天津卷)(节选)

The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.This blocks awareness.One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream.The students began complaining about how cold it would be.We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead.They were almost knee­deep when they realized it was a hot spring.Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.

◆What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?

A．To avoid jumping to conclusions.

B．To stop complaining all the time.

C．To follow the teacher's advice.

D．To admit mistakes honestly.

[答案]　A　方法：寻找主题句。首句The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.是这个段落的中心句。根据定位句可以知道，如果我们想唤醒感官，我们就不要草率下结论。即“避免直接跳到结论部分”。英语段落大都遵循主题句和支撑句的行文规律。故选A。

[即学即练]

(2018·江苏卷)(节选)

Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables, crowding, high prices—don't necessarily.Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door, say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they're profitable.As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.

◆What does the last paragraph talk about?

A．Tips to attract more customers.

B．Problems restaurants are faced with.

C．Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.

D．Common misunderstandings about restaurants.

[答案]　D　方法：寻找主题句。第一句为主题句：things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables，crowding，high prices don't necessarily可知，你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西——位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高——未必如此(指在某些人看来，这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加)。干扰项A项说的是吸引更多顾客的技巧，本段说的 bad table(位置“不好”的桌位)等不一定就会阻止顾客，而并非说要增加 bad table等来吸引顾客。所以这一段并非是说如何吸引更多顾客，故排除。

电子邮件

英文电子邮件和书信的写法大致相同，但略有差异。一般说来英文电子邮件包括以下五个部分：

1．标题栏

一般写在左上角，包括发件人姓名、邮箱地址、发件日期、收件人姓名、邮箱地址以及邮件主题。

排列格式为：

FROM：发件人姓名、邮箱地址

DATE：发件日期

TO：收件人姓名、邮箱地址

SUBJECT：简明扼要地介绍信的内容。通常是单词、短语，偶尔用句子。

2．称呼

位于正文的开头。如何称呼，要看发件人与收件人的关系而定。若是同学、朋友，可以直呼其名；若是长辈或上级，要在姓氏前加上Mr，Miss，Mrs，Dr，Professor等表示称谓的词。

3．正文

正文要简洁明了。简单问候之后，就要开门见山地说明写信的目的。这部分内容的写作相对自由，但对于电子邮件的回复，需紧扣“回复”这一字眼，要“问有所答，疑有所解”。在高考中，要按照试题要求的内容来写，最重要的是表达要清楚、有条理，语言要准确、流畅。

4．信尾客套话

结尾的客套话通常很简洁，如Yours，Thanks等，一般写在左下角。

5．签名

一般写在左下角，有时也写在右下角。

[亮点句式]

☆精彩开头

表示高兴：I was so glad/pleased/happy to receive your email dated May 1st.

表示感谢：Thank you for your wonderful gift/interesting email.

表示关心与询问：How are you these days? /How are you getting on these days? /How are you getting on with your work/studies?

表示抱歉：I am sorry that I did not reply soon but I have been very busy these days.

表示遗憾：I was sorry to learn that you did not do well in the examination./I am so upset to hear that you are ill these days.

☆余味结尾

I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Please give my regards to your family.

Take good care of you and keep in touch.

假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。现在你想给外教Ms.Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。

注意：

1．词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【审题谋篇】

第一步——确定短文结构

根据求助信的一般结构和所给的要点提示，并进行整合，正文可以分为三段：第一段：自我介绍，表明自己写信的目的——求助；第二段：自己希望得到什么样的帮助；第三段：表明谢意并期盼回复。

第二步——确定写作要点和写作顺序

高分策略：要点要齐全，用词要准确；表达要精炼，句式要简洁；不要添加过多信息；注意句与句之间的联系和段与段之间的自然过渡。

第三步——组织语言

1．我是李华，来自您上学期的英语写作班。

◆I'm Li Hua from your English writing class last term.

◆I'm Li Hua and I'm from your English writing class last term.

◆I'm Li Hua, coming from your English writing class last term.

◆My name is Li Hua; I'm from your English writing class last term.

2．我写信是向您求助。

◆I'm writing to ask for your help.

◆I'm writing to you, with the hope that I can get your help.

◆I'm writing to ask you to do me a favor.

◆I'm writing to ask a favor of you.

3．在暑假期间，我要在我城市的一个外贸公司申请一份兼职工作。

◆I'm applying for a part­time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation.

◆It is during the summer vacation that I'm applying for a part­time job at a foreign company in my city.

4．我知道您很忙，但是您如果能腾出一部分时间来浏览它们并做些必要的修改，我将不胜感激。

◆I know you have a very busy schedule, but I'd be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make some necessary changes.

◆Although/Though I know you have a very busy schedule, I'd be very thankful if you could take some time to go through them and make some necessary changes.

◆Although/Though I know you have a very busy schedule, I'd be very thankful if you could spend some time going through them and make some necessary changes.

◆I know you have a very busy schedule, but I'd appreciate it very much if you could take some time to go through them and make some necessary changes.

[连句成篇]

【参考范文】

Dear Ms. Jenkins，

I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part­time job in a foreign capital company.I have already finished my job application and personal resume.But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don't even know if there are something to pay attention to.So, I'm writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help.I will be very grateful if you can help me.

Looking forward to your reply.And I'd be really thankful.

Yours，

Li Hua

假如你是学生会的主席李华，下学期有位美国学生Jack要来你校学习，为了使他尽快适应新学校，你为他提了一些建议，请根据以下内容给他写封信，并希望他在你们学校过得快乐。

内容包括：

1．向同学问好并做自我介绍；

2．与别人友好的相处；

3．帮助同学学习英语；

4．积极参加一些学校的活动，比如运动会、歌咏比赛；

5．其他建议。

Dear Jack，

I am glad to know you will come to our school next term.                 

Yours，

Li Hua

[参考范文]

Dear Jack，

I'm glad to know you will come to our school next term. In order to make you adapt to our school, I'd like to give you some advice and I think it may help you.

When you come to our school，firstly，I think you'd better introduce yourself so that you will be known to us.Secondly, you should help us to learn English when we have difficulty with it and at the same time we are willing to help you to learn Chinese.Thirdly, you can join us in all kinds of activities in our school，such as sports meet and Singing Competition.By doing this，you will get along well with us.Last but not least, you should treat your friends as you want them to treat you.If you treat people with love and respect, they will treat you with the same.

I hope these suggestions will be of use to you.

Yours，

Li Hua