专题08 首字母填空（二） 冲刺2022年中考英语重难题型好题集锦（上海专用）

专题08 首字母填空（二）

（一）（2022·上海徐汇·二模）

Happy is an Asian elephant. She lives at the City Zoo. Some people say the zoo doesn’t give Happy the space and social life she needs. It has restarted talks about whether zoos should still exist. Some say zoos save animals from dying out. Others argue that living in a small space is bad for an animal’s health. Here are some o____22____ from our young readers.

The Next Debate! Should the government set screen-time limits for kids?

（二）（2022·上海宝山·一模）

Fruit, meat, milk and vegetables all come from farms. Farms are i____36____ because they provide shops and supermarkets with food. But have you ever been to a farm and do you know what farmers do?

Every year, a group called Linking Environment and Farming (LEAF) o____37____ Open Farm Sunday. On 9 June, about 350 UK farms will be free for visitors to explore and enjoy.

A____38____ may include farm walks, pond dipping (using a net to take things out of ponds to look at them more closely), talks with farmers, tractor(拖拉机) rides and mini markets. Lots of farms sell their p____39____ in the markets, such as fruit, vegetables, meat and tasty homemade cakes. Visitors will also be able to get plenty of exercise and fresh air on a farm visit.

Open Farm Sunday was set up in 2006 and more than two million students have enjoyed the experiences s____40____ then. They have visited a farm with their schools and seen animals, machines and plants, as well as farmers doing their jobs. Farm trips show how the land has to be looked after, how the weather affects crops and how animals are cared for. They’ve also got the chance to help look after and feed the animals.

Some farms have an educational area that shows what farming used to be like. Visitors can l____41____ about traditional methods, the history of the farm and how farming has changed as a business.

A____42____ who is 10 or older can job Linking Environment and Farming and take part in Open Farm Sunday.

For more details about Open Farms Sunday, please visit farmsunday.org/visit-a-farm.

（三）

Chinese Parenting has been a hot topic over the years. Parents controlled almost every aspect of a child’s life, from learning a musical instrument to finding a life partner.

Now Chinese video game players can experience what it’s like to be a Chinese parent in a new video game. On gaming platform Steam’s bestseller list, Chinese Parents has reached No. 2. It seems simpler and less competitive than other games. All operations can be completed with a s____43____ mouse click.

The game starts over with the new baby. The main task of the game is to help the child in the game get h____44____ grades to enter a better school. It’s a huge challenge for many Chinese parents. But players are also encouraged to give their e-kids spare time for a____45____ such as basketball and video gaming. These can help them relax and lead balanced lives.

The biggest attraction is perhaps its reflection （反映）of r____46____ life in China. For example, the game shows the importance of “saving” and “giving”in Chinese culture. To be clear, kids should pretend to refuse New Year red envelopes from others.

Developers of the game said many plots were based on their personal e____47____. Li Jiaqing, a 25-year-old graphic designer, took the game for a mirror to her own childhood. “Being a parent isn’t easy,” Li said. “I’ve controlled my kids’ stress levels c____48____ to prevent breakdowns.”

Play the game and walk a mile in your parents’ shoes. Perhaps you can r____49____ what the designers wanted to voice—kids and parents should understand each other. Hug your parents and say thank you to them when you finish the game.

（四）（2022·上海杨浦·一模）

One day, Jenny was taking her first art class at school. She was very excited.

The art teacher, Mrs Minton, told the children to paint the flowers in a vase at the front of the class.

“Don’t worry if your painting doesn’t look e____92____ like the painting by the person next to you,“ she said. “The important thing is to paint what you see.”

Jenny worked very hard. She spent so long painting that her hand began to h____93____ from   holding the brush. She put the brush down for a moment to rest and looked at the painting next to hers.

“That’s really good”, she said to Carrie. Carrie’s painting was small and neat. Every flower was just like the real flowers in the vase.

“Thanks,” said Carrie. She looked over at Jenny’s painting. “Oh! What happened to yours?”

“What do you mean?” asked Jenny. She looked at her own painting. It was very different from Carrie’s. It covered the whole page and the colors were b____94____ than the real flowers.

“It looks like a big m____95____,” said Carrie. “Did you pour the paint?”

“No,” said Jenny, upset. “I painted what I saw, just like Mrs Minton said.”

“It’s OK, you know,” said Carrie. “Not everyone is good at art.”

Mrs Minton heard what Carrie said, and she came over to look at Jenny’s work.

“Oh my,” said Mrs Minton. “I think it’s wonderful, Jenny. It’s so full of color and happiness.”

Jenny was very s____96____.

“But Mrs Minton, it doesn’t look anything like the flowers you told us to draw.” Carrie said.

“Maybe not to you, Carrie. Everyone sees different things when they look at the world.” She showed them a picture in a book of a painting. “This is a picture an artist painted of his own face. This is how he saw h____97____ ”.

“But ... but ... it’s just a few lines,” said Carrie. “It doesn’t look anything like a real person.”

Mrs Minton turned to Jenny. “You should read this book. Jenny. There are a lot of different kinds of paintings and one isn’t better than the other.”

That evening, Jenny read all about the famous artists. Some of their paintings were very s____98____, but she liked to look at them all.

“I’m going to be an artist when I grow up,” she said to her mother.

（五）（2022·上海闵行·一模）

Good things often come in small packages. This is e____99____ true in the case of miniature art(微型艺术), where, upon close observation, great things are often revealed. The National Gallery of London describes “an artist who paints in great details on a very small scale” as a miniaturist. The pieces that miniaturists create are called miniature art. E____100____ examples can be dated back to centuries ago in many places around the world. In India, tiny drawings were painted on to palm leaves 7.62 centimeters wide. A 12.5-millimeter-tall carving of a bird, d____101____ in Lingjing, China, has been called China’s oldest work of art. The carving, about 13,500 years old, might be one of the world’s oldest pieces of miniature art.

Over the years, miniaturists have used many different m____102____, from paper to plant seeds, to create tiny paintings, sculptures and engravings of people, animals and scenery.

Two things are required of each artist: plenty of time and being p____103____ to create miniature art. The pieces are so tiny that they need to be worked on carefully and slowly.

Though small, the pieces must be perfectly formed. Someone o____104____ said, “A miniature must always be designed for close observation. It is meant to be held in the hand, watched closely and even to be looked at with a magnifying glass.” Tiny miniature paintings must be accomplished with such fine strokes(笔划) that when the piece is magnified, its amazing detail is enhanced. The same is true for miniature sculptures and all other forms of miniature art. Miniature art began to l____105____ its attraction in the 19th century when photography appeared. Over the last 30 years, though, miniatures have been made popular again. It is unlikely that miniature art will ever go away as long as people remain fascinated by tiny masterpieces.

（六）（2021·上海崇明·二模）

Which is more important to our lives, the Internet or the washing machine? Many of us might answer, “The Internet !” The Internet helps us gather information. It allows us to see our friends in real time.

However, Ha-joo-chang, a professor at Cambridge University, doesn’t a___120___. He believes the washing machine has changed the world more than the Internet. That sounds strange, but Chang is not a___121___. Many experts have called the washing machine the greatest invention of the 20th century. Why?

Let’s be h___122___: How many of us love to do the laundry (洗衣机)? It seems the cycle of washing, drying and ironing never ends. It’s so tiring and boring.

However, before the washing machine was invented, women often had to spend lots of time washing clothes. Many of them suffered from back p___123___.

The washing machine freed from the laundry. Many women found they had enough time to enter the labor market. As a result, the social status of women began to change. Today, most women can make an i___124___ living. They don’t have to rely on men any longer.

To better understand the influence of washing machines, we can look at societies w___125___ them. In many African countries, doing the laundry takes women six hours a day, Women there h___126___ have time to work or start a business. It is difficult for them to find a way out of poverty. Perhaps things will be a lot different if they have washing machines.

We often take the washing machine for granted. But these machines do play an important role in our lives. They have greatly changed the world.

（七）（2021·上海浦东新·二模）

Can living a zero-waste lifestyle be true? One New Yorker is proving it’s not only possible, but it looks fun as well.

The New Yorker, Ms. Singer didn’t grow up in a really “green” home. “My family isn’t like this at all,” she said. “They were the least f____127____ to environment ever.” The idea to have a no-waste life didn’t come to her mind until she learned environmental studies at university.

In 2013, Ms. Singer decided to c____128____ as little rubbish as possible. She liked going to the farmers’ market, where she began shopping by giving up packaging. She learned how to store food in her apartment to keep it f____129____ longer. All food she couldn’t finish went into a large bowl in her fridge, which she emptied once a week at her plants. She would r____130____ glass bottles to buy milk, beer and only buy other items that usually come in paper boxes. She also began to buy clothes at secondhand shops instead of buying new ones. Ms. Singer even began finding out how to make her own cleaning p____131____, from toothpaste to house cleaner, from toilet paper to washing powder. She’s proudly living a no-waste life.

Bit by bit, Ms. Singer was h____132____ making any non-recyclable rubbish. In fact, every piece of rubbish she’s got over the last three years stays in a single jar. “It’s baby steps, one thing after another,” she said. After she had a quick reduction in her rubbish pile, she started a company. She and her staff travel around the world sharing her s____133____ and introducing her zero-waste lifestyle. Maybe, there will be more Singers all around the world.

（八）（2021·上海嘉定·二模）

Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there. She reached down to pick them up, and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with. It seemed i____134____ to clean them all up.

Du, 12 years old at the time, tired to solve the problem like any good scientist-first, by doing a littler r____135____. She conducted surveys and searched for information. That’s how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year.

Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem: a remote-operated vehicle (遥控潜水器)—ROV, Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.

The actually cool part of Du’s ROV is the detection (探测) system. She uses a c____136____ along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics through pictures. She also uses visible (可见的) light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.

“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it,” says engineer Casey Machado, “It sounds s____137____, but it’s a level of thinking that’s really difficult.”

Do started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old, and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV. She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy. She f____138____ many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.

When asked about future plans, she said that she wanted to address the effects of climate (气候) change. “I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new i____139____.” says Du.

Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there.

“I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems,” says Du. “But I’m not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet.”

L____140____, she has plenty of time to figure that out at her age.

（九）（2021·上海宝山·二模）

What is laughter?

Laughter is natural for people. We start to laugh at about four months of age. We start to laugh even before we start to speak!

Laughter is social. It connects us with other people. We laugh more when we are with other people. Studies find that we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than when we are a___141___. When one person laughs, other people begin to laugh, too.

It is difficult to pretend. Laughter is h___142___. Try to laugh right now. It’s difficult, isn’t it? When people pretend to laugh, most people know it’s not real. Studies show that people don’t like the sound of fake(虚假的) laughter.

When do people laugh?

Only 10 to 20 percent of laughter is about something funny. Most laughter is about being friendly with other people. Most laughter says “I don’t want to compete with you. I like to be with you.” This kind of laughter brings people t___143___.

We often laugh when we feel n___144___. At the beginning of the meeting, someone often tells a joke. It’s usually a small joke, but we laugh a lot. Our laughter helps us relax.

What is funny?

Some things are funny because we don’t e___145___ them. When a joke begins, we already have an idea about the end. We think we know the end, but then the joke ends in a different way. The end of the joke surprises us. It makes us laugh.

Silly things are sometimes funny. We laugh at jokes about people and their m___146___ because we know something they don’t know. We think we are better than they are.

Not everyone has the same sense of humor(幽默感). Some people think a joke is funny, but other people don’t think so. People have different idea about what is funny. For young children, the world is new. Many things surprise them, so they laugh a lot. Teenagers often worry about what others think of them. They laugh to p___147___ themselves. Teenagers laugh when they feel embarrassed. Adults laugh at things that give them stress. Our reasons for laughter change over time.

（十）（2021·上海长宁·二模）

Impatient people are often seen as proud and self-important. Being impatient can affect your relationships at work and at home negatively (有害地). People will sense anger from you and not like d_____190_____ with you if you are impatient. They might even come to avoid you completely. Impatient people are often seen as making quick decisions as they don’ t let people communicate fully or find out all the facts first. When you notice you are impatient, you can find some ways to overcome them. Here are two ways that may help you.

Because impatient people are often b_____191_____ and hate to waste time, they sometimes don’ t leave extra time for small mistakes. This means that, if they need to be somewhere, they are always doing other tasks t_____192_____ the last minute. They don’ t leave extra time in case a bus is late, they can’ t find their car keys or some other p_____193_____ appear. When you need to get somewhere, especially if it is somewhere important, give yourself some extra time. If you arrive early, you can relax or do something then.

Be prepared. If being hungry gets you impatient, keep a health bar with you at all times. If you hate sitting around waiting, see to some business on your phone or keep a book to read handy at all times. If you know that you might be s_____194_____ in traffic or wait at the airport, think about what you might need to pass the time. A game might be helpful or even something as s_____195_____ as a pen and paper to write a letter.

Sometimes patience is about changing our attitude to our place in the world. Don’ t believe that your time is more important than a_____196_____ else’ s. You can learn to control the emotions you feel when you are impatient and so become a person who is both easier to get on with and enjoys life more.

（十一）（2021·上海徐汇·二模）

Hundreds of thousands of people often see their faces on the TV screen. They may be speaking “live” from the scene of an earthquake or interviewing a famous person. They look confident as they present stories or give regular updates on an important news event. They are TV reporters.

To many of us, TV reporters seem to have an e_____197_____ job. After all, they will be among the first to know about major local and world events and they often get to watch these events happen right before their eyes. They e_____198_____ have many opportunities to meet well-known people and top leaders.

Actually, reporters not only have to put in a lot of hard work, they must also develop different skills and have the right personality for the job.

TV reporters must tell an interesting story so that people will want to watch and pay attention to it. To get the news to their viewers as quickly as possible, TV reporters have to work long and irregular hours. They often work nights, weekends, and h_____199_____ —when people in most other jobs are taking their days off. Reporters must always be ready to get to work right away. During sudden news event, TV reporters may have to put down some notes and start reporting i_____200_____. In such a situation, they may not have the time to get back to the TV station and write down their story. Sometimes, a reporter has to c_____201_____ a news story that he has been working on because another news story may seem more important.

When TV reporters study for their job, they have to learn to write news stories that go with the video the cameraman has shot. Writing for TV is very different from writing an o_____202_____ report.

In order to attract their viewers, they must learn to dress professionally and smartly. TV reporters must speak clearly and appear relaxed. They must learn to look into the camera and smile. Besides, a TV reporter’s v_____203_____ is key to his or her success on the job. When training for the job, students learn to speak at the right volume to deliver their news story in such a way as to keep their viewers interested.

（十二）（2021·上海虹口·二模）

With equal opportunities, women are able to choose their own ideal jobs. If a 9 to 5 office job isn’t your style, consider the following f____204____ fun jobs available.

Wedding（婚礼）planner

While some women dream of their wedding day, others grow up to be wedding planners. B___205___ chances are available, as more than 2 million weddings take place in the United States each year with an a____206____ spend of more than $1,000 per wedding for a wedding planner.

Disney character

Imagine being paid to be a princess. For many women working at the Disney resorts, that is e____207____ what they do. The Walt Disney Company wants look-alikes to play the role of Disney characters, like Cinderella, at its Disneyland and Disney World resorts.

Personal shopper

If you love to shop, particularly when you are spending someone else’s money, then you should consider b___208___a personal shopper. Personal shoppers meet their customers’ n____209____ , lifestyles, likes and dislikes and then put that knowledge to use by buying their clothing and accessories. Although the job does have a few drawbacks （ 缺 点 ）, like fussy customers,

Entrepreneur.com says that “ mostly, it’s a pretty good time.”

Doggy daycare

Women who love a____210____   might think about opening a doggy daycare center. You can spend your days playing with dogs, before sending them home at the end of the day.

（十三）（2022·上海·模拟预测）

How hard is to learn to read? The challenge is much greater for people with a kind of disease, dyslexia (阅读障碍症). Dyslexia is a reading problem that affects about one out of every ten people.

Dyslexia has nothing to do with intelligence, but Dyslexics have a h______253______ time reading written words. When most children begin to read, they learn the sounds that make up words. Then they connect the sounds to letters and blend the sounds to make words. At last they can r______254______ words they’ve sounded out. But children with dyslexia have trouble remembering the sounds and the letters that go with them.

A______255______ dyslexia can’t be cured, there are ways to help people with dyslexia learn to read. Students can work with a specially-trained teacher to learn how to remember sounds. They can practice how to m______256______ their mouths to make certain sounds.

Another way to help is to give students stories to read, using a special font (字体). A font is a set of the letters of the alphabet, in a certain style. Christian Boer is a Dutch designer who created a special dyslexic-friendly font called “dyslexic.” Christian has dyslexia, and he wanted to do something to make reading easier for people like him. He made each letter look different, so readers are l______257______ likely to get confused. Christian has won awards for creating this font.

Scientists are studying special dyslexic fonts to decide w______258______ they really help people with dyslexia to read faster and more accurately. So far, the results are mixed. However, scientists are sure that careful font design is an important s______259______ toward helping dyslexics meet their challenges.