专题07 首字母填空（一） 冲刺2022年中考英语重难题型好题集锦（上海专用）

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专题07 首字母填空（一）

（一）（2022·上海黄浦·二模）
Who remembers PE with Joe during lockdown, Joe wicks’s online fitness classes were a huge hit. In fact, they have been viewed more than seventy million times. For many young people and adults, the fitness instructor’s videos f___8___ a gap when it was not possible to do organised team sports because of lockdown. PE with Joe also gave people a flavour of the fun you can have when exercising with others. Now that it’s possible to take part in team sports again it’s a good time to understand how they can improve health and happiness
What is a team sport?
A team sport is an activity. It requires individuals to play as a team and c___9___ against another team. Well-known team sports include basketball, cricket, football, hockey, netball, rounders and rugby. Research by Sport England has found that team sports are the most p___10___ organized activity enjoyed by under-16s.
What are the benefits of playing a team sport?
Playing a team sport can help you to develop self-confidence as well as teaching you how to work alongside others. Emma Barnes is Football Development Manager at the Surrey Football Association (SFA). She says, “The teamwork s___11___ you develop help a young person to interact with different people and also celebrate the achievements of teammates. And she also says losing a match can be good for you. Learning to lose gracefully is an important lesson.” Another benefit of team sports is the relationships you build with teammates and coaches. You might develop a s____12____ circle outside of school or form stronger friendships with schoolmates. They can be really positive.
What if I prefer activities on my own?
Some people prefer solo sports, such as cycling swimming and dancing, if that’s you, don’t worry. Individual sports are a great form of exercise and are good for you—exercise helps you to be active, reduces the risk of major illnesses and r___13___ feel-good chemicals. However, it’s w___14___ keeping an open mind because you might want to try a team activity alongside your solo sport.
【答案】8．(f)illed
9．(c)ompete
10．(p)opular
11．(s)pirits
12．(s)ocial
13．(r)eleases
14．(w)orth
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍团队运动及其好处。
8．
句意：对于许多年轻人和成年人来说，健身教练的视频填补了由于隔离而无法进行有组织的团队运动的空白。根据“the fitness instructor’s videos f...a gap when it was not possible to do organised team sports because of lockdown”可知，健身教练的视频填补了由于隔离而无法进行有组织的团队运动的空白，fill“填充”符合语境，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(f)illed。
9．
句意：它要求个人以团队的形式参与，并与另一个团队竞争。根据“A team sport is an activity. It requires individuals to play as a team and c...against another team.”可知，是团队之间的竞争，compete“比赛，竞争”符合语境，用于不定式结构中，使用动词原形，故填(c)ompete。
10．
句意：英格兰体育的研究发现，团队运动是16岁以下儿童最喜欢的有组织活动。根据“Research by Sport England has found that team sports are the most p...organized activity enjoyed by under-16s.”可知，团队运动是16岁以下儿童最喜欢的有组织活动，popular“受欢迎的”符合语境，作定语修饰activity，故填(p)opular。
11．
句意：你培养的团队精神帮助年轻人与不同的人互动，也庆祝队友的成就。根据“The teamwork s...you develop help a young person to interact with different people and also celebrate the achievements of teammates.”可知，团队精神帮助年轻人与不同的人互动，也庆祝队友的成就。spirit“精神”符合语境，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填(s)pirits。
12．
句意：你可能会在校外发展社交圈，或与同学建立更牢固的友谊。根据“You might develop a s...circle outside of school or form stronger friendships with schoolmates.”可知，在校外发展社交圈，social“社会的”符合语境，作定语修饰circle，故填(s)ocial。
13．
句意：个人运动是一种很好的锻炼方式，对你有好处。锻炼能让你活跃起来，降低患重大疾病的风险，释放让你感觉良好的化学物质。根据“exercise helps you to be active, reduces the risk of major illnesses and r...feel-good chemicals”可知，运动释放让你感觉良好的化学物质，release“释放”符合语境，此处与“helps”和“reduces”并列，也使用动词三单，故填(r)eleases。
14．
句意：然而，保持开放的心态是值得的，因为你可能想在独自运动的同时尝试团队活动。根据“it’s w...keeping an open mind because you might want to try a tea activity alongside your solo sport”可知，保持开放的心态是值得的，it’s worth doing“值得做”，故填(w)orth。



（二）（2022·上海宝山·二模）
Family
With so many people in China, there are not enough resources for everyone. The government limits the population by a____1____ families to have only one child, or in some cases two. Children are often called “little emperors (皇帝)” because they are so p____2____ but they also feel great stress to make their family proud. Traditionally children in China lived in the same home with their parents and grandparents. However, people move more often nowadays, and most homes are small especially in the cities.
School
Children usually start school at the age of six. Classes are in Mandarin (普通话) but some schools also invite f____3____ teachers to teach spoken English in class. At age 15, students take an important test that is considered the k____4____ to a successful future. “Learning is like a journey that will continue for a long time,” goes an old Chinese saying.
Food
Family and friends often come together for mealtimes. A Chinese meal i____5____ many different dishes, such as soup, dumplings, meat and vegetables. Everyone shares them together with chopsticks. Special foods are served on special moments. For example, a dish of extra-long noodles at birthday stands for a w____6____ for long life.
C____7____
China also has a rich tradition of art and music. Many still practice calligraphy (书法), using special brushes for writing characters, and some schools has even started calligraphy lessons for children since several years ago. These days, modern pop music is becoming more popular with young people.


【答案】1．(a)llowing
2．(p)recious
3．(f)oreign
4．(k)ey
5．(i)ncludes
6．(w)ish
7．(C)ulture
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要从家庭、学校、食物和文化四个方面展示了中国现在的生活状况。
1．
句意：政府限制人口，让家庭只生一个孩子。根据“The government limits the population by…families to have only one child”以及首字母可知政府为了控制人口，只允许一个家庭有一个孩子，介词by后接动名词allowing“允许”。故填(a)llowing。
2．
句意：孩子们常常被称为“小皇帝”，因为他们是如此珍贵。根据“Children are often called “little emperors (皇帝)” because they are so”可知他们是小皇帝，因为一个家庭只有一个孩子，所以孩子是非常珍贵的，作be动词的表语用形容词precious“珍贵的”。故填(p)recious。
3．
句意：上课是普通话，但有些学校也邀请外国老师在课堂上教授英语口语。根据“teachers to teach spoken English in class”可知是外国教师教英语口语，作定语修饰名词“teachers”用形容词foreign“外国的”。故填(f)oreign。
4．
句意：15岁时，学生要参加一项重要的考试，这被认为是通往成功未来的关键。根据“take an important test that is considered the…to a successful future”以及首字母并结合常识可知，15岁时参加的中考是通往成功的关键，the key to…“……的关键”。故填(k)ey。
5．
句意：中餐包括许多不同的菜肴。根据“A Chinese meal…many different dishes, such as soup, dumplings”可知一顿中餐包含有很多菜，描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是“A Chinese meal”，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes“包含”。故填(i)ncludes。
6．
句意：生日的一盘特长面条代表着长寿的愿望。根据“a dish of extra-long noodles at birthday stands for a…for long life”以及首字母可知长寿面代表长寿的愿望，不定冠词a后加名词单数wish“愿望”。故填(w)ish。
7．
句意：文化。根据“China also has a rich tradition of art and music. Many still practice calligraphy”可知本段讨论的美术、音乐和书法等都是文化范畴，culture“文化”。故填(C)ulture。


（三）（2022·上海奉贤·一模）
It was a cloudy afternoon. I was walking in the park near my neighborhood. The wind was blowing hard and I knew it was about to rain. Even so, I didn’t want to go home. I had a terrible argument with my mom and ran out of the house just 10 minutes earlier.
I sat down near a lake. There were many children playing with their parents nearby. I felt a little l____50____. “Shall we play together?” A little girl came toward me with a ball in her hands. I agreed and she h____51____ me the ball with a sweet smile.
When it began to rain, all the children at the lakeside went home with their parents.
“Where are your parents?” I asked the girl. “My mom is selling candied fruit(蜜饯) outside the park. She hardly takes care of me,” the girl explained “I usually play alone here. It’s OK i____52____ you need to go home now. I am old enough to stay here and wait for my mom.”
“But it’s raining.” I said. “You’d better not be here alone when it’s dark.”
“It’s no problem. Mom won’t leave me alone. She is coming soon,” the girl replied. “She is my mom, even if she s____53____ cares for her daughter.”
A 5-year old girl taught me to love and believe in my mom. Should I listen to her and say s____54____ to my mom?
In the end, I took the little girl to her mom’s vending cart(售货摊)and then ran home quickly. Opening the door, my mom was close to t____55____:“Where have you been? I looked for you everywhere! See how wet your coat is! Don’t come to my room even if you get a cold tonight!”
But I knew she wasn’t angry anymore. A____56____ taking a shower, I heard her shouting outside my room： “Dinner time! Come out if you feel like eating some fish balls.”
【答案】50．(l)onely
51．(h)anded
52．(i)f
53．(s)eldom
54．(s)orry
55．(t)ears
56．(A)fter
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述作者跟妈妈吵架了，通过在公园和另一个小女孩的交谈，感悟到母爱，跑回家向母亲道歉。
50．
句意：我感到有点孤独。根据“Shall we play together”女孩邀请作者一起玩，可知作者一个人在那里感到孤独，根据首字母提示可知用形容词“lonely”作表语。故填(l)onely。
51．
句意：我同意了，她甜美地微笑，递给我球。根据“Shall we play together”及“A little girl came toward me with a ball in her hands”女孩手里拿着球，女孩邀请作者一起玩球，作者同意了。可知此处表达把球递给作者。根据首字母提示可知用动词“hand”。句子是一般过去时，用过去式“handed”。故填(h)anded。
52．
句意：如果你现在需要回家也是可以的。根据“you need to go home now”及首字母提示，可知表达条件“如果你需要回家”，用连词“if”引导从句。故填(i)f。
53．
句意：她是我的母亲，虽然她很少关心她的女儿。动词短语“cares for”前用频度副词修饰，根据前文“My mom is selling candied fruit outside the park. She hardly takes care of me” 及首字母提示，可知表达“很少关心她的女儿”，用副词“seldom”。故填(s)eldom。
54．
句意：我应该听她的话，和妈妈道歉？根据前文“I had a terrible argument with my mom”及“A 5-year old girl taught me to love and believe in my mom”可知，表达作者听了女孩的话之后，为了和母亲吵架而感到后悔，觉得应该和妈妈道歉，用短语“say sorry to sb.”。故填(s)orry。
55．
句意：打开门的时候，我看到妈妈都要流泪了。介词“to”后面缺宾语。根据“Where have you been? I looked for you everywhere”可知妈妈很焦急地到处找作者，根据首字母提示可知表达要流泪了，用复数名词“tears”。故填(t)ears。
56．
句意：洗澡之后，我听到妈妈在我房间外面大叫：“吃晚饭了。如果你想吃一些鱼丸的话就出来。”根据“taking a shower, I heard her shouting”可知是时间顺序，讲述洗完澡之后听到妈妈的叫声，用介词“after”。句首首字母大写。故填(A)fter。



（四）（2022·上海金山·一模）
While most people think the Chinese New Year’s celebration goes on for only one day, by c____57____ it is a fifteen-day celebration, and some of these days have their own festivals. The most important of these is the Lantern Festival.
It’s not really clear how the Lantern Festival s____58____. What is known is that the festival is over 2,000 years old. In one old s____59____, an emperor ordered people to light lanterns to honor Buddha. Much later, people began to carry around red paper lanterns with riddles on them. In many cities, people come t____60____ in parks with their lanterns, and it is a game to walk around and try to solve each other’s riddles.
During the Tang Dynasty (618-907）, the festival became so important that it went on for three days. Everyone was allowed to join in the fun, even single women could get out of the house at night. For this r____61____, the festival became linked with dating and love.
During the Lantern Festival, many people eat tangyuan or yuanxiao. In fact, eating yuanxiao is so popular that another name for the Lantern Festival is the Yuanxiao Festival. Tangyuan and yuanxiao are very s____62____, and some people even say they are the same food. Both are dumplings made of rice flour. Some are sweet and some are salty. These foods are most often eaten at home with the family on the day of the Lantern Festival. Of course, an important part of the Lantern Festival is the lanterns t____63____. Some cities try to have the largest, most beautiful lanterns around, of all different kinds of shapes and sizes. During this time of year, you can see streets lined with lanterns and parks that are seas of lanterns, making everyone feel festive and happy.
【答案】57．(c)ustom
58．(s)tarted
59．(s)tory
60．(t)ogether
61．(r)eason
62．(s)imilar
63．(t)hemselves
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了中国的传统节日——元宵节。
57．
句意：大多数人认为中国新年的庆祝仅持续一天，但按照惯例，这是一个为期十五天的庆祝活动。由语境可知，中国对于春节的庆祝为期15天，这是一个习俗。by custom意为“按照惯例，按照习俗”，故填(c)ustom。
58．
句意：人们并不清楚元宵节是如何开始的。结合下一句“What is known is that the festival is over 2,000 years old.”及本段内容可知，本段在讲述有关元宵节开始的传说，start意为“开始”，应使用一般过去时，故填(s)tarted。
59．
句意：在一个古老的故事里，一个皇帝命令人们点灯笼来拜佛。结合文中“an emperor ordered people to light lanterns to honor Buddha.”可知这是一个古老的传说故事，故填(s)tory。
60．
句意：在许多城市，人们拿着灯笼相聚到公园。结合句意可知，此处表示人们拿着灯笼到公园中进行猜谜等游戏，come together意为“一起来，相聚到一起”，故填(t)ogether。
61．
句意：由于这个原因，这个节日和约会与爱联系到了一起。结合句意可知，元宵节之所以和约会与爱联系到一起是由于这个原因，“for this reason”表示“因此，由于这个缘故”，故填(r)eason。
62．
句意：汤圆和元宵是非常相似的。结合文中“some people even say they are the same food.”可知正是由于汤圆和元宵很相似，所以人们才会认为它们是同一种食物。故填(s)imilar。
63．
句意：当然，灯节的一个重要部分是灯笼本身。此处强调lanterns，反身代词用于强调时常作主语或宾语的同位语，置于所强调的词后面。lanterns themselves表示灯笼本身，故填(t)hemselves。


（五）（2022·上海崇明·一模）
When Emily Cummins was four years old, her grandfather gave her a hammer. She loved using it, and started to learn how to make toys from old things that nobody used any more.
When she was a teenager, she was very c____64____ and always thought lot about making inventions to help other people. Emily’s grandfather had an illness. He had a lot of pain in his hands and fingers.
One day, Emily saw that he had t____65____ getting toothpaste (牙膏) out of the tube. She made an invention that helped him with this, and won the Young Engineer for Britain Award for her toothpaste dispenser.
A few years later, Emily learnt about the serious water shortage in some African countries. The women and children there often walk many kilometres a day to get water for their villages. They usually put the buckets on their heads. Therefore, they have to walk c____66____ so as not to spill (溅出) the water. Emily’s invention is a simple water carrier. It makes it possible for the women to transport up to five buckets each time. Besides, it is easy for them to r____67____ the water carrier when it is broken as it is made of wood.
Her latest project is a simple fridge that runs without electricity, but only needs the e____68____ that comes from the sun. There are now thousands of families in villages in Zambia, Namibia and South Africa who use it to keep milk, food and medicines cool.
Emily is now a young woman. She is the winner of several p____69____ for her inventions. She was named one of the world’s top ten young people.
Emily frequently visits schools and talks to teenagers. She wants to e____70____ them to come up with new ideas that make the world a better place. She wants to use her skills to make a difference.
【答案】64．(c)reative
65．(t)rouble
66．(c)arefully
67．(r)epair
68．(e)nergy
69．(p)rizes
70．(e)ncourage
【解析】
【分析】
本文是记叙文，短文讲述了“世界十大青年”人物艾米丽的创新故事。
64．
句意：当她十几岁的时候，她很有创造力，总是想着发明来帮助别人。设空处作表语，根据下文“and always thought lot about making inventions to help other people”和首字母提示，可知是说艾米丽喜欢创新，creative“创造性的”符合语境，故填(c)reative。
65．
句意：有一天，艾米丽发现他很难把牙膏从管子里取出来。have trouble doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，是固定短语，故填(t)rouble。
66．
句意：因此，他们必须小心走路，以免把水洒出来。设空处修饰动词walk需用副词，根据下文“so as not to spill the water”和首字母提示，可知需小心谨慎，carefully“小心地”符合语境，故填(c)arefully。
67．
句意：此外，当水车坏了，她们很容易修理，因为它是木制的。本句是固定句型“It is +形容词+ for sb. +不定式短语”结构，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正主语；根据下文“when it is broken ”和首字母提示，可知是说修理水车，repair“修理”符合语境，故填(r)epair。
68．
句意：她的最新项目是一个简单的冰箱，无需电力，只是需要来自太阳的能量。定冠词the后接名词，根据上下文“that runs without electricity, but only needs the…that comes from the sun”和首字母提示，可知需要来自太阳的能量，energy表示“能源”，是不可数名词，符合语境，故填(e)nergy。
69．
句意：她的发明使她获得了好几项大奖。根据题干“She is the winner of several…for her inventions”和首字母提示，可知是说艾米丽得了几项大奖，prize“奖赏”符合语境；由several可知用复数形式，故填(p)rizes。
70．
句意：她想鼓励他们提出新的想法，让世界变得更美好。根据上下文“Emily frequently visits schools and talks to teenagers…to come up with new ideas”和首字母提示，可知艾米丽鼓励他们创新，encourage“鼓励”符合语境；want to do sth.“想要做某事”是固定结构，故填(e)ncourage。


（六）（2022·上海静安·一模）
I was cycling and saw a person about 250 meters ahead of me. I could tell I was cycling a little f__71__ than him. I decided to catch up with him. I had about a kilometre to go on the road before turning off.
I started cycling more and more quickly. After a while, I was o__72__ about 100 metres behind him, so I really sped up and tried my best.
Finally, I passed him. On the inside, I felt so d__73__. I defeated him! But he didn’t know we were racing.
After I passed him, I felt so happy and rode on. Soon I found that I had missed my turn and had to r__74__.
Isn’t that what happens in life when we compete with others, trying to outdo them or trying to show that we are more s__75__ or more important? We think it is an exciting moment, so we spend our time and e__76__ running after them and miss out on our own paths.
The problem with an unhealthy race is that it’s a never ending cycle. There will always be s__77__ ahead of you in one way or another. What you should do is just run your own race and wish others well.
Wherever you go, no matter what the weather is, always bring your own sunshine.
【答案】71．(f)aster
72．(o)nly
73．(d)elighted
74．(r)eturn
75．(s)uccessful
76．(e)nergy
77．(s)omebody##(s)omeone
【解析】
【分析】
本文通过介绍作者自己的亲身经历，告诉我们没有必要总是打败别人的道理。
71．
句意：我看得出来我骑车比他快一点。由句中的“than”可知，此处使用比较级；根据下文“I decided to catch up with him.我决定追上他。”可知，我要想追上前方那个人，就得比他骑快点。fast“快速地”，其比较级为faster“较快地”。故填(f)aster。
72．
句意：过了一会儿，我离他只有100米远了，所以我加快了速度，尽了最大努力。根据下文“sped up and tried my best”可知，我加速了，与他的距离缩短了，距离他仅仅有100米。故填(o)nly。
73．
句意：在内心，我感到如此高兴。根据后文“I defeated him!”可知，作者打败了他，内心愉悦。故填(d)elighted。
74．
句意：很快，我发现我已经错过了我的路口，不得不折返回去。根据文中“missed my turn”可知作者为了超越前面的人而错过了路口，不得不往回走。故填(r)eturn。
75．
句意：当我们和别人竞争时，努力去超过别人或展示我们比别人更加成功、更加重要时，这种情景难道不是发生在我们生活中吗？结合本句中“outdo them”以及“more important”，可知与之并列的为“more successful”，故填(s)uccessful。
76．
句意：我们花费时间和精力追逐他们，结果却错过了自己的路。句中“spend”意为花费，需要加时间或精力作宾语，故填(e)nergy。
77．
句意：在你前面的一条路或其他路上，总会有某人领先于你。结合文中“What you should do is just run your own race and wish others well.”可知，走好自己的路，也祝福别人。故填(s)omebody或(s)omeone。



（七）（2021·上海奉贤·二模）
The “Double Eleven” Shopping Festival is one of the largest shopping festivals in China. Last year, the festival went on for eleven days. Alibaba alone saw 498.2 billion yuan in trade.
Many people believe such large shopping festivals can help them s___106___ lots of money. After all, many stores do discount (打折) their goods. But if you take a second look at the sale prices, you’ll find that many of them end in “9” or “.99”. In our everyday life, we r___107___ say “Just give me 5.99 minutes”, it’s not common to say “Just give me 59 minutes”, either. We are more likely to say “Just give me six minutes” and “Just give me 60 minutes”. Why do stores prefer the other way round?
According to Lee E. Hibbett, a professor of marketing, this pricing strategy(策略) has been around for about a century. No one knows who invented it. However, stores all like it. Prices that end in “.99” and “9” simply get more customers.
The strategy (策略) is based on the f___108___ that we read from left to right. On a price tag (标签), the number on the far left impresses us the most. So, even though 5.99 dollars is pretty c___109___ to 6 dollars, it’s the “5” that impresses us most. A product that sells for 5.99 dollars just seems like a better deal than a similar one that sells for 6 dollars.
In a 2016 study, Hibbett, a professor of marketing asked a clothing company to r___110___ the price of one of its dresses. He and his workmates all thought fewer people would buy the dress. The result, however, s____111____ them. Demand (需求) increased by a third. Increasing the price from $34 to $44 made no difference at all.
So be c___112___ with prices that end in “9” or “.99”. They may make you spend more money!
【答案】106．(s)ave
107．(r)arely
108．(f)act
109．(c)lose
110．(r)aise
111．(s)urprised
112．(c)areful
【解析】
【分析】
心理学研究表明，由于我们从左到右阅读，在价格标签上，最左边的数字会给我们留下最深刻的印象。因此，当我们购物时，要小心那些以“9”或“.99”结尾的价格，它们可能会让我们花更多钱。
106．
句意：很多人认为这样的大型购物节可以帮他们节省很多钱。根据“After all, many stores do discount their goods.”可知许多商场打折，应该是帮人们省钱。save节省。help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事。故填(s)ave。
107．
句意：在我们的日常生活中，我们很少说“就给我5.99分钟”，说“就给我59分钟”也不常见。结合常识可知很少说“Just give me 5.99 minutes”这句话，再由“either”可知用表示否定含义的副词。rarely很少地。故填(r)arely。
108．
句意：这个策略是基于我们从左到右阅读的事实。根据“we read from left to right”结合常识可知从左到右阅读是个事实，fact事实，特指从左到右读这一事实，用单数。故填(f)act。
109．
句意：所以，尽管5.99美元和6美元很接近，但给我们印象最深的还是“5”。根据“5.99 dollars is pretty c... to 6 dollars”及常识可知5.99美元很接近于6美元，be close to接近。故填(c)lose。
110．
句意：在2016年的一项研究中，市场营销教授希贝特要求一家服装公司提高其一件连衣裙的价格。根据“Increasing the price from $34 to $44 made no difference at all.”可知价格从34美元提高到了44美元。raise提高。ask ... to do sth.要求……做某事。故填(r)aise。
111．
句意：然而，结果却让他们大吃一惊。价格上升后需求反而增长了，这是令人吃惊的，句中缺少谓语，surprise使惊讶，根据上下文可知用一般过去时，surprise的过去式是surprised。故填(s)urprised。
112．
句意：所以要小心以“9”或“.99”结尾的价格。根据“They may make you spend more money!”可知这些价格可能会使人花更多钱，应该小心，careful小心的，在句中作表语。故填(c)areful。


（八）（2021·上海青浦·二模）
What is Earth Hour?
Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and it’s a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people ‘go dark’-that is, switch off lights in their homes, schools and businesses all at the same time for one hour.
Earth Hour started in Australia in 2007, when 2.2 million people in Sydney turned off all unnecessary lights for an hour. Since then it has grown into an i_____113_____ event, and many countries around the world have taken part. Famous buildings that have gone dark for Earth Hour i_____114_____ Buckingham Palace in London, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Forbidden City in Beijing and New York’s Empire State Building. Even astronauts on the Space Station have taken part by reducing their power use on the station, and Google has shown its   s____115____ by making a dark homepage for the event.
What’s the idea b_____116_____ Earth Hour?
The idea is to raise awareness of environmental issues and call for action to protect nature. It’s true that switching off the lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power. But this is only the   b_____117_____.
On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of environmental issues and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature. For example, eating less meat, using low-energy electrical items instead of high-energy o_____118_____ and using green forms of transport all help the planet.
But on another level, a large number of people all acting t_____119_____ sends a powerful message to governments and companies. It pushes them to take action on a large scale by considering green issues when making big decisions.
【答案】113．international
114．include
115．support
116．behind
117．beginning
118．ones
119．together
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由世界自然基金会组织的“地球一小时”活动，督促人们重视环境保护。
113．
句意：从那时起，它已发展成为一项国际活动，世界上许多国家都参加了。根据后句“and many countries around the world have taken part.”和首字母提示可知，空处应是international，国际的，形容词。故填international。
114．
句意：为“地球一小时”而陷入黑暗的著名建筑包括伦敦的白金汉宫、巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔、北京的紫禁城和纽约的帝国大厦。根据主语“Famous buildings”和宾语“Buckingham Palace in London, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Forbidden City in Beijing and New York’s Empire State Building”的关系和首字母提示可知，空处应是include，包括。动词；句子是一般现在时，主语是复数形式，故动词用原形即可。故填include。
115．
句意：而谷歌也为这一活动制作了一个黑暗的主页，以此表示支持。根据空后“by making a dark homepage for the event.”和首字母提示可知，空处应是support，支持，名词。故填support。
116．
句意：“地球一小时”背后的理念是什么？通读下文可知，此段写的是地球一小时这项活动的目的，结合语境和首字母提示，空处应是behind，在……后面，介词。故填behind。
117．
句意：但这仅仅是个开始。根据下文“On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of environmental issues and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature.”语境和首字母提示可知，应是说节省少量的电力这只是一个开始，故空处应是beginning，开始，名词。故填beginning。
118．
句意：例如，少吃肉，用低能电器代替高能电器，使用绿色交通工具，这些都可以帮助这个星球。根据句意，空处的词应是代替复数名词electrical items，结合首字母提示，空处应是ones，代词。故填ones。
119．
句意：但在另一个层面上，大量的人一起行动，向政府和公司发出了强有力的信息。根据空后“sends a powerful message to governments and companies.”和首字母提示可推知，应是大量的人一起行动，故空处应是together，一起，副词。故填together。



（九）（2021·上海金山·二模）
On my father’s birthday, my parents and I went out for dinner. The restaurant was brightly lit and very noisy, with lots of diners. Waiters move b___176___ between the tables.
We had just ordered our meals when suddenly all the lights in the restaurant went out. The place went completely dark. All the conversations in the restaurant s___177___ for a moment, and then everybody started talking together. “What’s happened to the lights? ” “Ooh, it’s a blackout! ” Some people laughed, and other seemed a little w___178___.
Then the restaurant manager came in, holding a candle. He spoke to all the diners, “Ladies and gentlemen, I am very sorry for this. Our power has gone out. The power has gone out across the whole neighborhood, and we don’t know when it will be restored. Please be p___179___. Our waiters will bring candles so that you can continue with your evening.”
The waiters came in with lit candles and placed them on the tables.
One of the diners asked, “What about our meals?”
“Don’t worry, sir,” replied the manager. “Fortunately, we use gas in our kitchen, not e___180___, so the chef can continue cooking all your meals. Once again, ladies and gentlemen, I a ___181___.”
My father said to me, “let’s go out the street and take a look.”
He and I went out of the front door and looked up and down the street. Sure enough, it was in total darkness.
We went back in and sat at the table with my mother. Our faces were lit up by the candlelight. The waiter brought our meals and we started eating.
“You know, I don’t mind this at all.” said Dad. He looked around at the restaurant. “It’s quite pretty! And I feel s___182___——I’m having a birthday dinner by candlelight!”
“You always look on the right side! ” said Mum. We all laughed.
【答案】176．(b)usily
177．(s)topped
178．(w)orried
179．(p)atient
180．(e)lectricity
181．(a)pologize
182．(s)pecial
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在父亲生日那天，他和父母出去吃晚饭。刚点了餐，餐厅里的灯因停电突然熄灭了。结果父亲一点也不介意，因为这是真正在烛光下吃的一顿生日晚餐。
176．
句意：服务员在桌子间忙来忙去。根据句子结构可知，空处的词是修饰动词，应是副词；根据首字母提示和句意，空处应是busily，忙碌地。故填(b)usily。
177．
句意：餐厅里所有的谈话都停了一会儿。根据句子结构可知，空处是句子的谓语动词；结合前句“The place went completely dark.”语境可知，空处应是stop，停止；句子是一般过去时，动词应用过去式stopped。故填(s)topped。
178．
句意：其他人似乎有点担心。根据前句“Some people laughed,”和首字母提示可知，空处应是worried，担心的。故填worried，担心的。故填(w)orried。
179．
句意：请耐心点。根据前句“The power has gone out across the whole neighborhood, and we don’t know when it will be restored.”语境和首字母提示可知，应是请求大家耐心点，故空处应是patient，耐心的，形容词。故填patient。故填(p)atient。
180．
句意：幸运的是，我们厨房里用的是煤气，而不是电，这样厨师就可以继续为你做饭了。根据前文因停电而灯突然熄灭的语境和首字母提示可知，空处应是electricity，电。故填(e)lectricity。
181．
句意：女士们先生们，我再次向你们道歉。根据前文停电语境和首字母提示可知，空处应是apologize，道歉；句子是一般现在时，主语“I”是第一人称，故动词应用原形。故填(a)pologize。
182．
句意：我觉得很特别——我要在烛光下吃生日晚餐！根据后句“I’m having a birthday dinner by candlelight!”和首字母提示，feel是系动词，后跟形容词，空处应是special，特别的。故填(s)pecial。
（十）（2021·上海静安·二模）
Tourism has become a huge industry. Tourists make millions of foreign trips a year, twice as m___183___ as 20 years ago. It’s now the largest employer on Earth. Clearly, it can do great good, but it can also do great damage.
It’s true that tourism has brought benefits to many areas of the world that were very poor. However, mass tourism also has some bad e___184___. Local culture and customs change as more tourists arrive. Too much tourism damages the environment. And more and more tourists are behaving badly.
Complaints from local people are growing. In cities such as Barcelona or Venice residents say that too many tourists arrive on cruise ships（游抡）. As a result, town centres are overcrowded. They tell stories about n___185___ parties that keep people awake all night. In famous beauty spots, where tourist money was welcomed, people are now worried about the damage tourists do to the environment.
Of course, many tourists enjoy the benefits of tourism in a responsible way. They choose holidays that support the local economy and they respect the local culture and the environment. Environmentally friendly tourism, or eco-tourism, is becoming more p___186___.
Responsible tourist behaviour is necessary, but it isn't enough to solve the problem. Many people now believe that governments should control how many visitors enter their country. They believe they should l___187___ the number of cruise ships that use their ports and should not allow too many hotel developments.
U___188___, governments are in a difficult situation. Tourism brings in a lot of money and this helps them i___189___ life for the local people. However, some governments are beginning to understand that too much tourism can be bad for the local population and the environment. They’ve taken some measures to promote environmentally friendly tourism. There may still be hope.
【答案】183．(m)any##(m)uch
184．(e)ffects
185．(n)oisy
186．(p)opular
187．(l)imit
188．(U)nfortunately##(U)nluckily
189．(i)mprove
【解析】
【分析】
文章介绍了旅游的好处和负面影响，以及怎样消除和避免这些消极影响。
183．
句意：游客每年有数百万次的国外旅行，是20年前的两倍。as...as中间接形容词副词的原级，此处指的是“和……一样多”，结合首字母提示可知，many/much符合，故填(m)any/(m)uch。
184．
句意：然而，大众旅游也有一些不良影响。根据“tourism has brought benefits to many areas of the world that were very poor”以及However提示可知，此处表达的是不好的影响，此处用可数名词effect的复数，表示“影响”这个整体概念。故填(e)ffects。
185．
句意：他们讲吵闹的聚会让人彻夜未眠的故事。根据“tell stories”以及“that keep people awake all night”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“吵闹的”聚会，形容词作定语，修饰其后的名词，故填(n)oisy。
186．
句意：环境友好型旅游或生态旅游正变得越来越流行。根据上文“They choose holidays that support the local economy and they respect the local culture and the environment.”可知，他们选择支持地方经济的节日旅行，他们尊重地方文化和环境。环境友好型旅游，或者叫生态旅游正越来越受欢迎。popular“受欢迎的”，故填(p)opular。
187．
句意：他们认为，应该限制使用他们港口的游轮数量，不应该允许过多的酒店开发。根据上文“Many people now believe that governments should control how many visitors enter their country.”可知，很多人现在认为，政府应该控制进入自己国家的游客人数。他们相信，他们应该限制使用其港口的游轮的数量，应该不准许发展太多宾馆。limit“限制”，故填(l)imit.
188．
句意：不幸的是，各国政府处境艰难。根据“governments are in a difficult situation.”可知，此处表达的是“遗憾的是/不幸的是”，政府处在一个困难的境地。unfortunately/unluckily符合语境，故填(U)nfortunately/(U)nluckily。
189．
句意：旅游业带来了很多钱，这有助于他们改善当地人的生活。根据“life for the local people”可知，此处指的是“改善”当地人的生活，improve“改善”，help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，故填(i)mprove。



（十一）（2022·上海·模拟预测）
It was the last day for Teddy in the company. After he packed up all his personal belongings, he started back home. An old lady stood on the side of the road. He a____246____ didn’t see her. Even in the dim(微弱) light of day, he could see she was in trouble. Teddy stopped his car and got out, walked towards the old lady.
Even with the smile on his face, she was w____247____. No one had stopped to help for the last hour or so. Was he going to hurt her? He didn’t look safe.
He said, “I am here to help you, Madam. Why don’t you wait in the car where it is warm? By the way, my name is Teddy.”
Well, all she had was a flat tire(爆胎), but for an old lady, that was bad enough. Teddy lay down and moved under the car changing the tire. But he had to get d____248____ and his hands hurt.
As he was tightening up the lug nuts, she rolled down the window and began to talk to him. She told him that she was from St. Louis and was only just passing though. She was grateful for his help.
Teddy just smiled as he finished the work. The lady asked how much she owed him. Any amount would be all right with her. She already i____249____ all the awful things that might happen if he had not stopped. Teddy never thought about being paid. This was not a j____250____ to him. This was helping someone in need, and God knows there were plenty who had given him a hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way, and it never occurred to him to act any other way.
He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could do him or her a favour w____251____ hesitation. Teddy added, “And think of me.”
He waited until she started her car and drove off. It had been a cold day and he had felt d____252____ just now. Now he felt good as he went home, disappearing into the twilight(暮色).
【答案】246．(a)lmost
247．(w)orried
248．(d)irty
249．(i)magined
250．(j)ob
251．(w)ithout
252．(d)isappointed
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲述了Teddy在他最后一天工作日回家的路上帮助了一位老妇人的善行义举，老妇人想用金钱来回报他，但是Teddy告诉老妇人，如果想回报他，在看到别人有需要帮助的时候，要毫不犹豫地帮助别人。
246．
句意：他几乎没有看见她。此句不缺任何成分，此空应填副词作状语，根据“He …didn’t see her”及首字母可知，几乎没看见她，almost“几乎”，故填(a)lmost。
247．
句意：尽管他脸上挂着微笑，她还是很担心。根据“Was he going to hurt her? He didn’t look safe.”可知，看到Teddy停下车，这位女士担心他会不会伤害她，故填(w)orried。
248．
句意：但他弄脏自己，并且弄伤了双手。根据“Teddy lay down and moved under the car changing the tire”及首字母可知，换轮胎会弄脏双手，dirty“脏的”，形容词作表语，故填(d)irty。
249．
句意：她已经想象过，如果他不停下来，可能会发生的所有可怕的事情。此空缺少动词作谓语，根据“She already … all the awful things that might happen if he had not stopped”及首字母可知，已经想象过如果没有Teddy的帮助会发生更糟糕的事，imagine“想象”，根据“might”可知，主句用一般过去时，故填(i)magined。
250．
句意：这不是他的工作。根据“Teddy never thought about being paid”及首字母可知，他不需要那位女士给他钱，因为帮助这位女士并不是一份工作，故填(j)ob。
251．
句意：她可以毫不犹豫地帮他或她一个忙。根据“He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help”及首字母可知，Teddy希望这位女士如果下次看到有人需要帮助，希望她可以毫不犹豫地出手帮助别人，without hesitation“毫不犹豫”，故填(w)ithout。
252．
句意：那是一个寒冷的日子，他刚才感到很失望。根据第一段“It was the last day for Teddy in the company. After he packed up all his personal belongings”以及“Now he felt good as he went home, disappearing into the twilight”可知，刚开始Teddy还因为今天是他最后一天工作日而感到失望，故填(d)isappointed。




（十二）（2021·上海杨浦·三模）
I’m not normally a lucky person, but I entered a competition last month to win tickets for a rugby match at Twickenham. Two weeks ago, I was finishing my homework when my phone rang. I was one of the competition w___267___. No way! I couldn’t believe it! A few days later, I was sitting on a train with my dad. We were on our way to London.
When we arrived, I was amazed. I knew Twickenham was the largest rugby stadium in the world, but it’s h___268___-there’s enough room for 8,200 supporters. At the entrance we met Martin-our guide for the day. He showed us around the stadium and the museum. We learnt that the stadium is over 100 years old.
Before there was a stadium there, people g___269___ cabbages on the land, so it’s also known as “the Cabbage Patch”.
Next, Martin took us to our seats and the view was amazing. While we were waiting for the match to start, a band started playing and a group of dancers appeared. At 2:30, the match started. There are several different ways of getting points in rugby, so it’s a___270___ exciting to watch. After 40 minutes, it was half-time. The Australians were playing really well and they were winning 13-6. The England coach didn’t look p___271___. His team was losing by 7 points.
England began the second half well. Then Dad grabbed my arm and pointed at one of the England players. He was running with the ball and the Australians were trying to s___272___       him. He scored and the crowd went crazy! At full-time, England beat Australia 20-13. I was really happy!
From that moment, I knew I wanted to play rugby, but there’s only a boys’ team at my school. With my dad’s help, I found a girls’ team nearby and next week I will begin rugby training. My friends Ali and Matt think I’m mad, but I think they are old-fashioned. More and more w___273___ are beginning to take up sports like rugby, football and golf. Who knows? Maybe one day I’ll play for England at Twickenham.
【答案】267．(w)inners
268．(h)uge
269．(g)rew
270．(a)lways
271．(p)leased
272．(s)top
273．(w)omen
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因为参加一场球赛而奠定了自己也想打橄榄球的决心。
267．
句意：我是比赛的获胜者之一。根据“but I entered a competition last month to win tickets for a rugby match at Twickenham”可知，作者赢了一场在特威克纳姆举行的橄榄球比赛的门票，所以是获胜者，winner“获胜者”，用于“one of+名词复数”结构中，故填(w)inners。
268．
句意：我知道Twickenham是世界上最大的橄榄球体育场，但它太大了——有足够的空间容纳8200名球迷。根据“there’s enough room for 8,200 supporters”可知，体育场很大，huge“巨大的”符合语境，在句中作表语，故填(h)uge。
269．
句意：在那里没有体育场之前，人们在土地上种植卷心菜，所以它也被称为“卷心菜地”。根据“people g...cabbages on the land”可知，是在土地上种植卷心菜，grow“种植”符合语境，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(g)rew。
270．
句意：在橄榄球比赛中有几种不同的得分方式，所以观看比赛总是令人兴奋的。根据“There are several different ways of getting points in rugby, so it’s a...exciting to watch.”可知，观看比赛总是令人兴奋的，用副词“always”作状语，故填(a)lways。
271．
句意：英格兰队教练看上去不太高兴。根据“The England coach didn’t look p...His team was losing by 7 points.”可知，他的队伍输了，所以教练不高兴，pleased“高兴的”符合语境，在句中作表语，故填(p)leased。
272．
句意：他带球跑，澳大利亚队员试图阻止他。根据“Then Dad grabbed my arm and pointed at one of the England players. He was running with the ball and the Australians were trying to s...him.”可知，澳大利亚队员试图阻止英国的队员进球，stop“阻止”符合语境，用于“try to do sth”短语中，故填(s)top。
273．
句意：越来越多的妇女开始从事像橄榄球、足球和高尔夫这样的运动。根据“With my dad’s help, I found a girls’ team nearby and next week I will begin rugby training.”可知，作者去参加了女子队，所以越来越多的女性开始从事像橄榄球、足球和高尔夫这样的运动，woman“女性”符合语境，根据“are”可知，此处应用复数形式，故填(w)omen。


（十三）
Green School in Bali (巴厘岛) is an unusual school.
It was an experiment in 2010 by John and Cynthia Hardy. Their idea was to make a school that was totally environmentally friendly. Everything in the school is ‘green’—that means it’s good for the environment.
The classrooms are made of bamboo wood and the light is from the s_____29_____. The school uses solar power and w_____30_____ power from their river. The Hardys’ experiment was successful and there are now 160 students from more than twenty-five countries, and it goes from kindergarten up to age eighteen. The students at Green School don’t o_____31_____ have classes in English and Math; they also learn to grow organic(有机的) vegetables and o_____32_____ foods such as rice in the huge school gardens. They look after the plants and learn to cook them. The school also has a cow and some pigs. The students also study building, making furniture, and traditional art and dance. The Hardys want the local community to be a part of Green School. They have a r_____33_____ that twenty percent of the students must be from Bali because they want local children to learn about protecting the environment. The children are often p_____34_____, so people from all over the world pay for them to go to the school.
The idea of green living is becoming more p_____35_____ and now people are building green houses near the school so their children can walk to school. The Hardys’ dream is that one day all the schools in the world will be green.
【答案】29．(s)un##(s)unlight##(s)unshine
30．(w)ater
31．(o)nly
32．(o)ther
33．(r)ule
34．(p)oor
35．(p)opular
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了巴厘岛一所不同寻常的绿色学校。
29．
句意：教室由竹木制成，光线来自阳光。根据“The classrooms are made of bamboo wood and the light is from the s...”可知，光线来自阳光，故填(s)un/(s)unlight/(s)unshine。
30．
句意：这所学校使用太阳能和河流的水力发电。根据“The school uses solar power and w...power from their river.”可知，河流是水力发电，故填(w)ater。
31．
句意：格林学校的学生不仅有英语和数学课程；他们还学习在学校的大菜园里种植有机蔬菜和其他食物，如大米。根据“The students at Green School don’t o...have classes in English and Math; they also learn to grow organic(有机的) vegetables...”可知，不仅学习文化课，还学习种植蔬菜等，only“只，仅仅”符合语境，故填(o)nly。
32．
句意：格林学校的学生不仅有英语和数学课程；他们还学习在学校的大菜园里种植有机蔬菜和其他食物，如大米。根据“grow organic(有机的) vegetables and o...foods”可知，种植有机蔬菜和其他食物，用other修饰可数名词复数，故填(o)ther。
33．
句意：他们有一个规定，百分之二十的学生必须来自巴厘岛，因为他们想让当地的孩子学习保护环境。根据“twenty percent of the students must be from Bali because they want local children to learn about protecting the environment”可知，这是学校的一项规定，rule“规定”符合语境，此前有a修饰，故填(r)ule。
34．
句意：这些孩子通常很穷，所以来自世界各地的人付钱让他们上学。根据“so people from all over the world pay for them to go to the school.”可知，世界各地的人们付钱，所以他们很穷，用poor作表语，故填(p)oor。
35．
句意：绿色生活的理念正变得越来越流行，现在人们正在学校附近建造绿色房屋，这样他们的孩子可以步行上学。根据“The idea of green living is becoming more p...and now people are building green houses near the school so their children can walk to school.”可知，绿色生活的理念正变得越来越流行，popular“流行的”，在句中作表语，故填(p)opular。