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专题08+形容词、副词-【直击考点】2022年新高考英语语法填空必考点一站式特训(全国通用)
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专题08形容词、副词(解析版)
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
一、单项选择
1.(2021·山东高考真题)There is more space in the high-speed train and the journey become more ________.
A.bored B.careless C.disappointed D.comfortable
【答案】D
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:高速列车空间更大,旅途也更舒适。A. bored无聊的;B. careless粗心的;C. disappointed失望的;D. comfortable舒服的。根据前文“There is more space in the high-speed train ”可知,因为高速列车空间更大,所以空处需用形容词comfortable,表示旅途更舒服。故选D。
2.(2021·天津市宝坻区第一中学高三三模)She works in a _______ school and teaches children between 5 and 11 years old.
A.primary B.precious C.secondary D.senior
【答案】A
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她在一所小学工作,教5到11岁的孩子。A. primary小学教育的; B. precious贵重的,宝贵的;C. secondary中等教育的;D. senior高级的。根据空后“children between 5 and 11 years old”可知,primary符合题意,此处表示她教小学。故选A。
3.(2021·北京师范大学天津附属中学高三三模)________, fiction is often more interesting than the truth.
A.Impossibly B.Generously C.Necessarily D.Admittedly
【答案】D
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:诚然,小说往往比事实更有趣。A.Impossibly不可能地; B.Generously 慷慨地;宽大地;丰盛地;C.Necessarily 有必要地;D.Admittedly诚然;公认地。根据句意可知此处承认小说比事实更有趣这一事实。故选D。
4.(2021·天津耀华中学)Parents always get a little ________ when their kids are taking some important exams.
A.eager B.anxious C.confused D.impatient
【答案】B
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当他们的孩子参加一些重要的考试时,父母总是有点焦虑。A. eager热切的;B. anxious焦虑的;C. confused困惑的;D. impatient不耐烦的。根据“when their kids are taking some important exams.”可知,父母对孩子参加重要的考试感到焦虑。故选B。
5.(2021·天津耀华中学高三一模)China ________ holds that economic development should go hand in hand with environmental protection.
A.consciously B.consistently C.continually D.conventionally
【答案】B
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:中国一贯认为经济发展和环境保护应该携手并进。A. consciously有意识地;B. consistently 一致地,一贯地;C. continually不断地;D. conventionally照惯例。根据“economic development should go hand in hand with environmental protection.”可知,经济发展和环境保护应该携手并进,这是中国一贯这样认为的。故选B。
6.(2021·天津和平区·高三三模)—Credit cards are________ useful when traveling.
—True. They save us the trouble of taking too much cash.
A.particularly B.partly C.exactly D.gradually
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:——旅行时信用卡特别有用。——是的。它们省去了我们带太多现金的麻烦。A. particularly特别,尤其;B. partly部分地;C. exactly精确地;D. gradually逐渐地。根据句意和句中“when traveling”可知,句中指旅行时信用卡“特别”有用,因为它们省去了我们带太多现金的麻烦,故空格处应用particularly,意为“特别,尤其”,副词词性,在句中作状语。故选A项。
7.(2021·天津高三三模)—My flight will land in Tianjin Binhai Airport at 6:00p.m. tomorrow. Could you pick me up?
—Sure. I shall________ be at the airport to meet you.
A.definitely B.unlikely C.closely D.especially
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:——我的航班明天下午6点在天津滨海机场降落。你能来接我吗?——当然。我一定到机场去接你。A. definitely确定地;B. unlikely不可能地;C. closely紧密地;D. especially特别地。根据“Sure”可知,此处是指一定到机场去接。用副词definitely作状语。故选A。
8.(2021·天津高三三模)If we view the problem from a different angle, the solution may become more ________.
A.occasional B.original C.outgoing D.obvious
【答案】D
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如果我们从不同的角度来看这个问题,解决办法可能会更明显。A.occasional偶然的;B.original原来的;C.outgoing外向的;D.obvious明显的。根据“If we view the problem from a different angle”可知,此处是指解决办法可能会更明显,更容易找到。故选D。
9.(2021·天津高三二模)The fact that he didn’t speak a foreign language put him at a(an) ________ disadvantage.
A.remote B.distinct C.identical D.greedy
【答案】B
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他不会说外语这一事实使他处于明显的不利地位。A. remote遥远的;B. distinct明显的;C. identical同一的;D. greedy贪婪的。根据上文“he didn’t speak a foreign language put him at a(an)”可知,不会说外语这一事实使他处于明显的不利地位,distinct符合语境。故选B。
10.(2021·天津河东区·高三二模)For little children at the early age, these big questions may seem________ difficult.
A.rather B.hardly C.nearly D.seldom
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词辨析。句意:对于年幼的孩子来说,这些大问题似乎相当困难。A. rather相当;B. hardly几乎不;C. nearly几乎;D. seldom很少。根据句意可知,此处修饰形容词difficult,意为“相当”。故选A项。
11.(2021·天津高三二模)One of government’s ________duties is the redistribution of income, so that the better off can help the worse off out of poverty.
A.slight B.primary C.short D.flexible
【答案】B
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:政府的主要职责之一是对收入进行再分配,以便富人可以帮助穷人摆脱贫困。A. slight轻微的;B. primary主要的;C. short不足的;D. flexible灵活的。根据“the redistribution of income”可知,此处表示政府的主要职责之一,设空处意为“主要的”。故选B项。
12.(2021·天津高三二模)Waiter, would you please come and explain to me why the steak is so tough? I ________ asked for it rare(半熟).
A.significantly B.steadily C.specifically D.similarly
【答案】C
【详解】
考查副词辨析。句意:服务员,能过来给我解释一下为什么牛排这么硬吗?我特别要求要半熟的。A. significantly 显著地,明显地 ;B. steadily 稳定地;C. specifically 特别地;D. similarly 类似地。由语意可知,顾客抱怨牛排太硬,说明顾客特别要求牛排要半熟的。故选C项。
13.(2021·天津高三二模)I’m not sure a thank-you letter is really necessary. ________, I can’t be bothered to write one.
A.Anyway B.However C.Obviously D.Besides
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:我不确定感谢信真的有必要。不管怎样,我懒得写。A. Anyway不管怎样;B. However然而;C. Obviously显然地;D. Besides此外。根据“I’m not sure a thank-you letter is really necessary.”可知,这里用anyway,主要用于对刚讲过的话另加一个忽然想到的附注,表示感谢信没有必要写且懒得写。故选A。
14.(2021·山东高考真题)The more seriously you take the job, ________progress you will make.
A.great B.greater C.the greater D.the greatest
【答案】C
【详解】
考查比较级和固定句型。句意:你对工作越认真,你取得的进步就越大。由空前“The more seriously”可知,第二空处也需用the+比较级构成固定句型:the+ adj/adv比较级+其它,the+ adj/adv比较级+其它;由此可知,第二空处需用the greater。故选C。
15.(2021·天津南开中学高三二模)John was dismissed last week because of his________ attitude towards his job.
A.competitive B.casual C.classical D.comprehensive
【答案】B
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:约翰上周因为对工作的随意态度而被解雇。A.competitive竞争的;B. casual休闲的,随意的;C. classical经典的;传统的;D.comprehensive详尽的;全面的。分析可知,工作态度随意是导致约翰被解雇的原因。选择casual“随意的”修饰attitude合乎语境。故选B。
16.(2021·天津耀华中学高三一模)People have made some adaptations of this novel to make it more ________ to young readers.
A.available B.approachable C.accessible D.adjustable
【答案】C
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意 :人们对这部小说进行了部分改编,使它更容易为年轻人所接受。A. available可利用的,可获得的;B. approachable可接近的,易交谈的;C. accessible可接近的,可理解的;D. adjustable可调节的,可校正的。根据句意和空后的介词to可知,应使用be accessible to sb. 这一固定搭配,意为“为……可接近的,为……可理解的”,其中,形容词accessible作宾语it的补足语。故选C项。
17.(2021·天津高三二模)Studies show that people are more ______ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A.likely B.possible C.probable D.sure
【答案】A
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:研究表明,如果人们总是长时间坐在电脑屏幕前,他们更有可能遭受背部问题。A. likely可能的,多指从外表迹象进行的判断,有可能会发生某事情,常用短语be likely to do sth.;B. possible可能的,指客观上存在或发生的可能性,但是这种可能性往往含有希望很小的意思;C. probable可能的,指有实际依据或者是逻辑上的合情合理的意思;D. sure确信的。根据后文“to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours”可知此处指从外表迹象进行的判断,有可能会发生某事情,短语be likely to do sth.符合语境。故选A。
18.(2021·天津高三二模)In order to ensure success we must have a complete and ________ plan.
A.ambitious B.fundamental C.thorough D.consistent
【答案】C
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:为了确保成功,我们必须有一个清晰完整的计划。A. ambitious有抱负的;B. fundamental 基础的,基本的;C. thorough彻底的,清晰的;D. consistent一致的,一贯的。由语意可知是要制定完整清晰的计划,故选C项。
19.(2021·天津高三一模)I have been convinced that the print media are usually more ________ and reliable than television.
A.accurate B.ridiculous C.urgent D.shallow
【答案】A
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我确信印刷媒体通常比电视更准确和可靠。A. accurate精确的;B. ridiculous可笑的;C. urgent紧急的;D. shallow浅的。根据前后文“reliable than television”指印刷媒体通常比电视更准确和可靠,accurate符合语境。故选A。
20.(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)________ the time________, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
A.Worrying about; accessible B.Worried about; available
C.Worrying about; available D.Worried about; accessible
【答案】B
【详解】
考查固定短语和形容词辨析。句意:由于担心时间不够,张萍玉把她想在伦敦参观的景点列了一个单子。短语be worried about,意为“为……担心”,worry about意为“使人担心”在第一个设空处作原因状语,应填Worried about;第二个空处为形容词作宾补,accessible意为“可接近的”,available意为 “可用的”,根据句意,应填available。故选B。
21.(2021·天津高三一模)A ________ schedule can help women balance their work and family lives.
A.tight B.temporary C.flexible D.specific
【答案】C
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:弹性工作时间有助于女性平衡工作和家庭生活。A. tight牢固的,紧的;B. temporary临时的;C. flexible灵活的,有弹性的;D. specific具体的。根据空后“can help women balance their work and family lives”可知,因为能帮助女性平衡工作和家庭生活,由此可知,空处需用形容词flexible,表示有弹性的工作时间。故选C。
22.(2021·天津高三一模)There is only a ________ chance that anyone survived the crash.
A.slim B.thin C.noble D.flexible
【答案】A
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:有人在坠机事件中幸存的可能性很小。A. slim微小的;B. thin 瘦的;C. noble高尚的;D. flexible灵活的。由下文的“chance that anyone survived the crash”可知,在坠机事件中幸存的可能性很小(slim)。故选A项。
23.(2021·天津高三一模)If you attend the graduation ceremony in the future, you will have to be ________ dressed.
A.strangely B.informally C.casually D.appropriately
【答案】D
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:如果你将来参加毕业典礼,你必须穿着得体。A .strangely 奇特地;B.informally非正式地;C.casually 随意地,休闲地;D.appropriately合适地,恰当地,得体地。根据句意,参加毕业典礼,穿衣一定要适合正式场合,不能随意,即要穿的得体。故选D项。
24.(2021·天津红桥区·高三一模)The governments are very________ about setting a new policy and make no decision until they are quite sure it is the right one.
A.particular B.concerned C.cautious D.certain
【答案】C
【详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意:政府在制定新政策时非常谨慎,在确信政策正确之前不会做出决定。A.particular特别的; B.concerned对……关心; C.cautious谨慎的; D.certain确定的。根据“and make no decision until they are quite sure it is the right one.”可知政府在制定新政策时非常谨慎。故选C。
25.(2021·天津河西区·高三三模)Their team is so powerful that we have very________chance to win, but we will try our best.
A.thin B.light C.rare D.slim
【答案】D
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们的球队实力很强,我们取胜的机会很小,但我们会尽力的。A. thin瘦的;B. light轻的;C. rare稀有的;D. slim微小的。根据“chance to win”可知,此处指“取胜的机会很小”,故选D。
26.(2021·天津高三一模)It was________ that the amateur singer beat a large number of professionals in the contest.
A.identical B.incredible C.intact D.inconvenient
【答案】B
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:那位业余歌手在比赛中击败了许多职业歌手,真是令人难以置信。A. identical 同一的;B. incredible 难以置信的;C. intact 完整的;D. inconvenient 不方便的。根据后文提示“那位业余歌手在比赛中击败了许多职业歌手”可知,此处应表示“难以置信的”,故选B项。
27.(2021·天津高考真题)As working from home becomes ________ common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
A.increasingly B.equally C.nervously D.confusingly
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:随着在家工作变得越来越普遍,人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。A. increasingly越来越多地,渐增地;B. equally相等地;C. nervously紧张地;D. confusingly令人困惑地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易,是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍,increasingly符合语境。故选A。
28.(2021·天津高考真题)While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ so that you won't make any dangerous errors.
A.satisfied B.focused C.amused D.delighted
【答案】B
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在攀岩的时候,你需要保持非常专注,这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。A. satisfied满意的;B. focused专注的;C. amused被逗乐的;D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“so that you won't make any dangerous errors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误,攀岩的时候需要保持专注,focused符合语境。故选B。
29.(2021·天津高三一模)Each spring the apple tree in my garden blossoms so________that the air becomes filled with the sweet of apple.
A.abundantly B.approximately C.apparently D.automatically
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词辨析。句意:每年春天,我家花园里的苹果树都开满了花,空气中弥漫着苹果的香甜。A.abundantly丰富地;B.approximately大约;C.apparently表面上;D.automatically自动地。根据下文“空气中弥漫着苹果的香甜”可推断,苹果树的花开得很多,很繁茂。故选A。
30.(2021·天津高三一模)—It's a long journey. My car couldn't make it.
—You can drive my car. It's quite old, but it's still pretty________.
A.reliable B.convenient C.reasonable D.available
【答案】A
【详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意:——这是个长途旅行,我的车不行。——你可以开我的车。虽然这车非常的旧,但它仍然是相当可靠的。A. reliable可靠的;B. convenient方便的;C. reasonable合理的;D. available可获得的,有空的。根据前面的“It’s quite old”以及后面的转折词“but”可知,我的车虽然旧但是相当可靠。结合选项,故选A。
31.(2021·天津高三一模)Carter was saying all the right things, but his smile was , and I knew I couldn't trust him.
A.influential B.fantastic C.artificial D.sincere
【答案】C
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:卡特说的都是对的话,但他的微笑是虚假的,我知道我不能相信他。A. influential有影响力的;B. fantastic奇妙的;C. artificial人造的,虚假的;D. sincere真诚的。根据后文“I couldn't trust him.”可知,他的微笑是“虚假的”。故选C项。
32.(2021·天津高三一模)At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.
A.surprisingly B.typically C.eventually D.carefully
【答案】C
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:起初罗伯特不让他的女儿去潜水,但最终他还是让步了,因为她对自己的潜水技能非常自信。A. surprisingly令人惊讶地;B. typically典型地;C. eventually最后,终于;D. carefully认真地。根据前文“At first”可知,此处与之相对应,C项“最后,终于”符合句意。故选C项。
33.(2021·天津南开区·高三零模)— How much is the sweater ?
— 55 dollars.
A.worth B.cost C.worthy D.paid
【答案】A
【详解】
考查形容词/动词词义辨析。句意:-这件毛衣多少钱?- 55美元。A.worth值…的;B.cost花费; C.worthy值得的;D.paid被付款的。“be worth +钱数”意为“值(多少钱)”,be worthy of sth意为“值得……”,所以此处应用be worth sth。故选A。
34.(2021·山东高三一模)They are going to have a party ___________ next week.
A.sometime B.some time C.sometimes D.some times
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:下周某个时间他们将举行一次聚会。A. sometime某时;B. some time一段时间;C. sometimes有时,偶尔;D. some times几次。根据句意可知,他们下周举办聚会的时间不确定,表示“某时”。故选A项。
35.(2021·山东高三一模)—It’s reported that Fuxing high-speed train can go ___________ 350 km an hour.
A.so fast as B.as fast as C.as faster as D.fast than
【答案】B
【详解】
考查固定用法。句意:据报道,复兴号高铁可以快至每小时350公里。根据句意,只有复兴号高铁一个事物,没有多个事物进行比较,需要用原级,不能用比较级,所以排除C选项;D选项than前要用比较级,故D选项也排除。在肯定句中,表示“和……一样”用as…as…结构,否定句中可以用not so/as…as…“和......不一样”,本句为肯定句,故选B。
【点睛】
36.(2021·天津市实验中学滨海学校高三其他模拟)The young athlete hurt his foot in the race. _______, he missed the chance to get the gold medal.
A.Consequently B.Unfortunately C.Absolutely D.Interestingly
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位年轻运动员在比赛中伤了脚。因此,他失去了获得金牌的机会。A. Consequently结果,因此;B. Unfortunately 不幸地;C. Absolutely绝对地;D. Interestingly有趣地。结合上下文语境,在比赛中受了伤,因此(Consequently),失去了获得金牌的机会。故选A。
37.(2021·天津市武清区杨村第一中学高三一模)It’s a tradition that, at the wedding ceremony, the hands of the bride and groom would be tied together with a length of ribbon to symbolize that their lives were fastened together______.
A.necessarily B.deliberately C.permanently D.temporarily
【答案】C
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:这是一个传统,在婚礼上,新娘和新郎的手会用一根丝带系在一起,象征他们的生活永远地绑在一起。A. necessarily必要地;B. deliberately故意地;C. permanently永久地;D. temporarily临时地。结合语境,丝带将新娘和新郎系在一起是为了象征他们永远被绑在一起的。其它选项不符合语境。故选C。
38.(2021·天津河西区·高三三模)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ________ established.
A.properly B.widely
C.originally D.temporarily
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词辨析。句意:在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前,需要定期的训练。A. properly正确地;B. widely广泛地;C. originally最初;D. temporarily临时地。狗的饮食习惯不可能是被“广泛地、最初地、临时地”建立,故选A。
39.(2021·天津高三一模)Due to the reform and openingup, our living conditions, undoubtedly, have improved ________ over the past decades.
A.considerately B.approximately C.appropriately D.considerably
【答案】D
【详解】
考查副词辨析。句意:由于改革开放,我们的生活条件,毫无疑问,在过去的几十年里有了很大的改善。A. considerately体谅地; B. approximately大约;C. appropriately适当地;D. considerably相当地,故选D。
40.(2021·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三其他模拟) With the word PM 2.5 ________ appearing in media reports, people pay greater attention to it and seek health tips for smoggy days.
A.immediately B.consequently
C.permanently D.constantly
【答案】D
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:随着PM2.5这个词不断出现在媒体报道中,人们更加关注它,寻求雾霾天的健康提示。A. immediately立刻,马上;B. consequently所以,因此;C. permanently永久性地;D. constantly连续不断地。根据下文“people pay greater attention to it and seek health tips for smoggy days”及常识可知,因为关于雾霾指数PM2.5不断出现在媒体报道中,所以人们更加关注它,才会寻求雾霾天的健康提示。故选D。
41.(2021·天津和平区·高三三模)My grandfather is as ______ as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.
A.enthusiastic B.energetic
C.talkative D.sensitive
【答案】B
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我爷爷像年轻人一样有精力,他讨厌整天坐着无所事事。A. enthusiastic热情的;B. energetic精力充沛的,充满活力的;C. talkative健谈的;D. sensitive敏感的。根据hates sitting around doing nothing all day 可知,我爷爷像年轻人一样充满活力。故选B。
42.(2021·天津市宝坻区第一中学高三三模)What a terrible experience! _______, you’re safe now---that’s the main thing.
A.Anyway B.Besides
C.Otherwise D.Therefore
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词辨析。句意:多么可怕的经历呀!至少,你现在是安全的——那是最要紧的。A.Anyway无论如何; B.Besides此外;C.Otherwise 否则;D.Therefore因此。根据句意可知,anyway意为“无论如何,至少”,符合语境。故选A。
43.(2021·天津河北区·高三二模)Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more ______ to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.
A.skeptical B.addicted
C.available D.sensitive
【答案】D
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:与姐姐相比,Jerry对情感和人际关系问题更加敏感,也更容易受到困扰。A. skeptical怀疑的;B. addicted上瘾的;C. available可利用的;D. sensitive敏感的。根据空后“and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.”可知,Jerry对情感和人际关系问题更加敏感。固定搭配be sensitive to“对……敏感。故选D。
44.(2021·天津高三一模)History is the best teacher. It ________ records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.
A.apparently B.conventionally C.faithfully D.eventually
【答案】C
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析 句意:历史是最好的老师,它能如实地记录每一个国家的发展史并向我们预测未来。A. apparently显然地;B. conventionally照惯例; C.faithfully如实地; D. eventually最后,终于。根据“History”以及“records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us”可知,faithfully符合句意。故选C
二、汉译英(整句)
45.(2021·上海长宁区·高三二模)身处逆境时, 要处乱不惊, 越怕越糟糕。(the more) (汉译英)
【答案】The more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be, so keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble.
Keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble, because the more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be.
【详解】
考查形容词比较级和时间状语从句。该句是并列连词so连接的并列句,前一个分句含固定句型:“The +比较级,the +比较级”表示“越……,越……”;后一分句含when引导的时间状语从句,且主句是祈使句,从句用一般将来时。或者含because引导的原因状语从句。再根据所给汉语可知答案为The more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be, so keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble.或Keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble, because the more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be.
46.(2021·上海崇明区·)共享单车不仅使用方便,而且价格合理,为短途出行提供了一种额外选择。(Not only) (汉译英)
【答案】Not only are shared bikes convenient to use, but also their prices are reasonable,so they provide an additional choice for short trips.
【详解】
考查倒装句/固定短语/形容词/结果状语从句。表达“不仅.......而且.......”应用连词短语“not only...but also”连接两个并列分句,第一个句子需主谓倒装;表示“共享单车”应用词组“shared bikes”作第一个句子的主语;表示“方便”应用形容词“convenient”作表语;表示“价格”应用名词“price”作第二个句子的主语,此处主语是“共享单车的价格”,应表达为“their prices”;表示“合理”应用形容词reasonable作表语;由语境可知句意描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时;由句意可知,共享单车方便和价格合理的特点为短途出行提供了一种额外的选择,所以此处应用so引导结果状语从句,从句主语为“这两个特点”,用代词they指代;表示“提供”应用动词“provide ”作谓语;表示“额外的”应用形容词additional作定语修饰名词“选择(choice)”;表示“短途旅行”应用词组“short trips”;故翻译为:Not only are shared bikes convenient to use, but also their prices are reasonable,so they provide an additional choice for short trips.
47.(2021·上海崇明区·)这只训练有素的警犬对任何声响都很警觉。(alert)(汉译英)
【答案】The well-trained police dog is alert to any sound.
【详解】
考查形容词、介词搭配。表示主语“这只训练有素的警犬”为the well-trained police dog;表示“对某事(保持)警觉”可用系表结构接介词短语be alert to sth;表示“任何声响”用名词短语any sound。根据句意,可用一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,be动词用is,句首字母大写。故翻译为The well-trained police dog is alert to any sound.
48.(2021·上海静安区·高三二模)虽然他之前的表现出挑,但由于对公司文化一无所知,他还是没通过面试。( ignorance ) (汉译英)
【答案】Despite/In spite of his previous remarkable performance, he failed in /didn’t pass the interview because he was in ignorance of the company culture.
【详解】
考查原因状语从句/固定短语/名词。表示“虽然……但……”应用“despite或in spite of”接宾语构成让步状语;表示“他以前的表现出挑”应用形容词previous(先前的)和remarkable (出挑的)修饰名词performance,所以表示为“his previous remarkable performance”,作despite或in spite of的宾语,由语境可知时态为一般过去时,主句谓语“没通过”应用动词短语“failed in”或“didn't pass”;表示“面试”应用名词“interview”作宾语;所以主句为he failed in /didn’t pass the interview;通过“由于”可知,此处应用because引导原因状语从句;从句谓 语“对……一无所知”应用短语“be in ignorance of”;宾语“公司文化”应用名词短语“the company culture”,所以原因状语从句为because he was in ignorance of the company culture;故翻译为:Despite/In spite of his previous remarkable performance, he failed in /didn’t pass the interview because he was in ignorance of the company culture.
49.(2021·上海杨浦区·高三一模)社交距离措施实施越久,对人际关系的负面影响就越大。(affect) (汉译英)
【答案】The longer social distancing measures last/are in place/are imposed, the more negatively human relationships will be affected
【详解】
考查形容词副词比较级特殊句型,以及动词时态等。表示“越……越……”句型为the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越久……负面(影响)越大”句型为The longer…the more negatively;表示“社交距离措施”短语为social distancing measures,名词复数,作句子前半部分主语;表示“实施”谓语动词可用last或are in place或are imposed;表示“人际关系”短语为human relationships,名词复数,作句子后半部分主语,谓语动词affect与主语是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据句意,可用一般将来时,故表示为will be affected。故翻译为The longer social distancing measures last/are in place/are imposed, the more negatively human relationships will be affected.
50.(2021·上海闵行区·高三一模)长辈们常不厌其烦地叮嘱我们要趁年轻多学本领,勤读书。(while) (汉译英)
【答案】The elders repeatedly tell us to obtain more skills and study diligently while we are young .
【详解】
考查状语从句、短语和时态。此处为while引导的时间状语从句,从句为“主系表”句型,时态为一般现在时;主句主语为the elders,表示“长辈们”;表示“告诉某人做某事”短语为tell sb. to do sth.,副词repeatedly修饰动词tell,作状语;表示“多学本能”可翻译为obtain more skills;表示“勤读书”可翻译为study diligently,主句用一般现在时。故翻译为The elders repeatedly tell us to obtain more skills and study diligently while we are young.
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