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专题04+数词-【直击考点】2022年新高考英语语法填空必考点一站式特训(全国通用)
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专题04数词(解析版)学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________ 一、单项选择1.According to a survey, four out of five women do housework at home, but only _________ of men would do it.A.four fifth B.four fifths C.two fifth D.two fifths【答案】D【详解】考查数词。句意:根据调查显示,五分之四的女性在家做家务,但是只有五分之二的的男性会在家做家务。分数的表达方法为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”时,分母要加s,根据规则可知,五分之四的正确表达为four fifths,五分之二的正确表达方法为two fifths;结合空格前“but only”可知,男性在家做家务的数量比较少,所以应填五分之二。故选D。2._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grasses.A.Two-fifth; is B.Two-fifth; are C.Two-fifths; is D.Two-fifths; are【答案】C【详解】考查分数表达法和主谓一致。句意:那个地区五分之二的土地被树木和草覆盖。首先看第一个空,涉及到英语中分数的表达方法,在英语中,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,如果分子大于1,分母则要用复数形式,题干中的五分之二的分子大于1,故分母应用复数形式,应填Two-fifths。再看第二个空,当分数修饰的名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于分数所修饰的名词,即与名词保持一致。本题中分数所修饰的名词是land,意为“土地”,为不可数名词,故谓语动词应用单数is。故选C项。3.There are ________ books in our library.A.hundreds of B.hundred of C.five hundreds D.five hundred of【答案】A【详解】考查数量词。句意:我们图书馆里有几百本书。A. hundreds of 数百;B. hundred of(错误表达);C. five hundreds(错误表达);D. five hundred of+名词“……中的五百 ”;根据句意可知,该句表达有数百本书。故选A项。4.The new school will be ________ the old one.A.as big as twice B.twice as big asC.as bigger as twice D.twice as bigger as【答案】B【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:这个新学校的占地面积会是原来的两倍大。根据句意,本句应用倍数的表达句式“倍数(once/twice/three times…)+as+形容词或副词的原级+as ...”。故选B。5.It is reported that the United States uses ___________energy as the whole of Europe.A.as twice B.twice muchC.twice much as D.twice as much【答案】D【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意:据报道美国使用的能源是整个欧洲的两倍。本题使用的是:“A+倍数 + as + 形容词 + 名词 + as + B”,表示“A的…正好是B的多少倍”。故选B。点睛:倍数表达要牢记,倍数表达法是高中英语教学的重点,也是历届高考的热点。当我们要表达甲是乙的几倍时,通常用句型来表示: “A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。 2.“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。 3. “A+倍数+the size/height/length/width, etc+of+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。 4. “……times+what+从句”。6.The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying_____ here.A.as three times much B.as much three timesC.much as three times D.three times as much【答案】D【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意:房租很贵。我的房子只有家里一半的面积,而我在这里花的钱是家里的三倍。倍数表达法形式之一是"倍数+as +形容词/副词原级+ as",本句是“倍数+as+much+as”此处省略了第二个as及比较对象。故选D项。7.It is not rare in that people fifties are going to university for further education.A.90s; the B.the 90s; / C.90s; their D.the 90s; their【答案】D【详解】考查数词。句意:九十年代人们五十多岁时上大学深造并不稀罕。在几十年代,在数词复数前加定冠词,即in the 90s;在某人多少多岁时,是在数词复数前加形容词性的物主代词,即:in one’s fifties。故选D。8.In the UK, people consume ________ meat products such as chicken, beef, pork and lamb.A.a large amount of B.a plenty of C.a large quantity D.quantities of【答案】D【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意:在英国人们消费大量的肉制品,如鸡肉、牛肉、猪肉和羊肉。A. a large amount of大量的,修饰不可数名词,根据后文meat products为可数名词,故排除A选项;B. a plenty of搭配错误,正确短语为plenty of表示“大量,许多”;a large quantity of和quantities of都表示“许多”,修饰可数或不可数名词,C选项缺少介词of。故选D。9.Paper bags produced every year are _______ the world’s production of vehicles.A.three time weight of B.as three times heavy asC.three times the weight of D.three times as heavier as【答案】C【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意:每年生产的纸带的重量是全球生产的汽车总量的三倍。倍数放在as...as/比较级/the length/size/width/height of等的前面,排除B;as...as中间用形容词或副词的原级,排除D,选项A的表达错误,应该是three times the /length/size/width/height of。故选C。10.___________of the boys in our class ___________going to join the army.A.Two fifths; is B.Second fifths; areC.Second fifths; is D.Two fifths; are【答案】D【详解】考查分数表达及其用法。句意:我们班五分之二的男孩子都要去参军。分数表达法为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于一时,分母用复数。所以五分之二应用two fifths。常用搭配“分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词与名词相一致,主语boys是复数形式,所以be动词用are。故选D项。11.The phenomenon that the earth is becoming warmer has attracted ________ attention.A.a huge number of B.a large sum ofC.a great deal of D.a great many【答案】C【详解】考查短语辨析。句意:这个现象表明地球正在变暖引起了很多关注。A. a large number of 大量的、许多;B.a large sum of 一大笔;C.a great deal of 许多;D.a great many 许多。由语意可知,地球变暖引起许多关注,可排除B选项, a large number of /a great many后加可数名词复数,a great deal of 后加不可数名词。attention为不可数名词, 故选C项。【点睛】a huge number of 相当于a number of, a great many相当于many, 后均加可数名词复数,考生可一起联系记忆。12.I spent 300 dollars on the overcoat, but in fact it was worth ______.A.twice as much B.twice much as C.much as twice D.as much twice【答案】A【详解】考查倍数表达。句意:我花了300美元买这件大衣,但实际上它值两倍的钱。根据句意结合选项可知,这件大衣实际上值两倍的钱,倍数表达应用结构:倍数 +as…as,此处表示“价钱的两倍多”应用 much修饰名词,为了避免重复可省略第二个as及其后成分,所以twice as much(……两倍的量),符合题意,故选A项。
13.There was ________ rain last year .A.a lot B.a number of C.a great deal of D.a great many【答案】C【详解】考查短语辨析。句意:去年雨量很大。分析句子可知,设空处修饰不可数名词rain,a great deal of,意为“许多,大量”修饰不可数名词,a number of 和 a great many修饰可数名词复数形式,a lot是副词性短语,不能修饰名词,故选C。14.The average income of Gaoyou , though still well below _____ of Nanjing , has been on the increase and is three times ____it was in 2000.A.one ; that B.the one; which C.that ; what D.those; how【答案】C【详解】考查代词和倍数表达法。句意:高邮市的人均收入虽然仍远低于南京市,但一直在增长,是2000年的三倍。第一空指“南京的人均收入”,用that指代同名异物;第二空属于倍数表达法之一:倍数+what it was,故选C。15.It was reported that two ________ had died of cold last winter.A.hundreds old people B.hundred old peopleC.hundreds of old people D.hundred of old people【答案】B【详解】考查固定用法。句意:据报道去年冬天有两百名老人死于寒冷。表示“两百”应用two hundred,修饰old people,hundred不能用复数,故选B。16.In Myanmar, the population now has become ________ that in 1971.A.twice as big as B.as twice big asC.as big twice as D.as big as twice【答案】A【详解】考查倍数表达。句意:在缅甸,现在的人口已经是1971年的两倍。此处为“A+be+倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as…”倍数表达,表示“……是……的几倍”。故选A。17.He has a large house in the suburb, which is twice ________ mine.A.as large than B.as larger as C.largest than D.the size of【答案】D【详解】考查倍数的表达。句意:他在郊区有一所大房子,是我的两倍大 。分析可知,本题考查倍数的表达;比较级表达形式有:1.A+be+倍数+as+adj原级+as+B;2.A+be+倍数+adj比较级+than+B;3.A+be+倍数+the+n.+of+B;4.The+n.+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B。对比选项,故选D。18.________of the land in our hometown ________covered with trees and grasses.A.Three fifths; is B.Three fifths; are C.Three fifth; is D.Three fifth; are【答案】A【详解】考查数词和主谓一致。句意:我们家乡五分之三的土地被树和草覆盖。根据选项可知,第一个空考查分数。分数的表达法为分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于一分母加s。分数作主语时,其后的谓语动词的单复数取决于它所修饰的名词,即此处的land。又知land意为“陆地,土地”,为不可数名词,所以第二个空应用单数形式。故选A。19.After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ________ cars in 2009 as the year before.A.as twice more B.as many twiceC.more than twice as many D.twice more than as【答案】C【详解】考查倍数的表达方法。句意:当新的技术被引进后,工厂生产的自行车是以前的两倍。1. “A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”; 2.“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍”;3. “A+倍数+the size/height/length/width, etc+of+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍” ,结合句意,故选C项。20.There are ________ number of books in the library and ________ number of them is increasing.A.a, a B.the, a C.a, the D.the, the【答案】C【详解】考查冠词和数词短语。句意:图书馆里有很多书,而且数量还在增加。a number of“许多,大量”,修饰可数名词复数。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。the number of “……的数量”,中心词是number,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。故选C项。 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子21.The match finally came to life in the ________(secondary) half. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】second【详解】考查序数词。句意:比赛在下半场终于开始了。此处用序数词second(第二的)做定语修饰名词half。故填second。22.The bookstore is so large that there are a ________ (vary) of books in it.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】variety【详解】考查名词。句意:书店如此大以至于里面有各种各样的书。根据句意及短语a variety of意为“各种各样的”可知,此处应填variety,故填variety。23.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as _________(largely) as before.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】large【详解】考查形容词。句意:使用他的杂交水稻,农民的庄稼收成是以前的两倍。此处修饰名词harvests应用形容词large。as...as之间用形容词原级,短语twice as large as表示“两倍多”。故填large。24.A small ________ (minor)of tourists ignore local traditions and act in ill-mannered ways. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】minority【详解】考查名词。句意:一小部分游客忽略了当地传统,以不礼貌的方式行事。分析句子可知,这里使用名词性成分做主语,因此使用minor的名词形式。a minotity of “ 少数.......”。故填minority。【点睛】 25.This unique art form developed in China in the late ________(eighteen) century. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】eighteenth【详解】考查序数词。句意:这种独特的艺术形式发展于18世纪后期的中国。此处指“第18世纪后期”应该用序数词,所给词eighteen是基数词,其序数词是eighteenth。故填eighteenth。26.The new manager is a young man in his early ________ (thirty). (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】thirties【详解】考查固定短语。句意:新经理是个三十出头的年轻人。结合句意表示“三十出头”短语为in one’s early thirties。故填thirties。27.Only a __________ (minor) of people object to this proposal. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】minority【详解】考查名词。句意:只有少数人反对这项提议。结合句意表示“少数”可知短语为a minority of。故填minority。28.Three________ of four people believe that having healthy teeth is of great importance. (用适当的词填空)【答案】out【详解】考查分数。句意:四分之三的人认为拥有健康的牙齿是非常重要的。结合句意表示“四分之三”可知短语为three out of four。故填out。 三、完成句子29.这条河是那条河的四倍长。This river is ________________________of that one.【答案】four times the length【详解】考查倍数表达法。根据所给汉语句子,“四倍”是four times;根据空后的“of that one”,此处应是表达倍数的结构“倍数+the+名词+of...”;“长度” 用名词length;故填four times the length。30.The Yellow River is ________. 黄河是世界第五大河。【答案】the fifth longest river in the world【详解】考查序数词及形容词最高级用法。空处表示“世界第五大河”,表示“第几最……”使用固定表达“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”,“世界上”使用固定短语in the world,故填the fifth longest river in the world。31.中国是第三个把宇航员送入太空的国家。China is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ an astronaut into space.【答案】the third country to send 【详解】考查习惯表达,固定句式。“序数词+名词+动词不定式”是英语习惯表达,固定句式。表示“第三个国家”为the third country,表示“发送”为动词不定式to send,位于名词后作后置定语。故填①the;②third;③country;④to;⑤send。32.他是第三个到达山顶的人。He is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to the top of the mountain.【答案】the third one to get 【详解】考查固定短语/非谓语动词。分析句子结合句意可知,此处缺少“第三个到达……的人”,表示“第……个做某事的人”可用固定短语“the+序数词+one+to do”,不定式作后置定语;表示 “第三”应用序数词third,空后为介词to+地点,所以此处表示“到达”应用动词get,故填①the②third③one④to⑤get。
33.________________ is covered with water but ________________is fresh water. 大约四分之三的地球表面被水覆盖,但只有2.53%是淡水。(分数;百分数)【答案】Around three fourths of the earth’s surface only 2.53 per cent of it 【详解】考查数词分数的表达。表示“大约四分之三的地球表面”可用around three fourths of the earth’s surface,分子用基数词,因分子大于一,分母用序数词复数形式,介词of接名词,名词所有格可以用于表示天体名称的名词,故用the earth’s surface;表示“只有2.53%”可用only 2.53 per cent of it,percent亦作per cent(单复数相同)表示“百分之……”,介词of后接it,指代前文the earth’s surface。大写句子首字母,故空1填Around three fourths of the earth’s surface;空2填only 2.53 per cent of it。34.This river is ________that one.这条河是那条河的两倍长。【答案】twice the length of/as long as【详解】考查倍数表达法。根据倍数表达法:主语A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+比较对象B;主语A+谓语+倍数+the size (length,height…) of +比较对象B,表示“A是B的几倍……”,以及句意可知,此处使用twice as long as或twice the length of。故填twice the length of或as long as。
35.十年前我们村庄的人口数是他们的两倍多。Ten years ago the population in our village was ________ ________ ________ ________ that of theirs.【答案】twice the size of 【详解】考查倍数表达法。本题考查倍数的表达方法,使用固定用法“倍数+the size(length, height...) of”,“两倍”译为twice,故填twice the size of。36.据说新体育馆的面积是原来的3倍大。(倍数表达法)It is said that the size of the new gymnasium ________ than the old one.It is said that the size of the new gymnasium ________ the old one.It is said that the new gymnasium ________ the old one.【答案】is three times bigger is three times as big as is three times the size of 【详解】考查倍数的表达。倍数的三种表达方法:1. 倍数+比较级+than,2.倍数+as+形容词原级+as,3. 倍数+the size / length / width / height / age等名词+of。分析可知,the size of the new gymnasium做主语,谓语动词用单数。“三倍”为“three times”,故第一空为is three times bigger。第二空为is three times as big as。第三空the new gymnasium做主语,谓语动词用单数,且面积为尺寸问题,故第三空为is three times the size of。故填①is three times bigger②is three times as big as③is three times the size of。37.世界人口已经增加到了1800年的6倍。(grow by...)The world's population ________ in 1800.【答案】has grown by six times what it was【详解】考查现在完成时以及倍数。分析可知,动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时,population做主语,谓语动词用单数,故应该为has+动词过去分词,grow by表示增长……,by是用来表示变化或差异的程度,6倍:six times。it指的是the world's population也就是说,与1800年的人口相比,现在的人口是原来的六倍多,what+主语+谓语,表示“所……的”,从句时间状语为in 1800,谓语动词使用一般过去时,主语为it,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown by six times what it was。 四、汉译英(整句)38.百分之九十的学生参加了学校的社团活动。(percent of)(汉译英)【答案】Ninety percent of the students took part in the school club activities.【详解】考查句子结构和时态。表示“百分之九十的学生”可用短语ninety percent of the students;表示“参加”可用动词短语take part in,根据句意可知,描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用动词的过去式took;表示“学校社团活动”可用名词短语the school club activities,(根据句意,activity“活动”应用名词复数activities。)故翻译为Ninety percent of the students took part in the school club activities.39.在我们班,大约百分之八十的学生都来自农村。(汉译英)【答案】In our class, about 80% of the students are from the countryside.【详解】考查数词和主谓一致。表示“在我们班”为in our class,表示“大约百分之八十的学生”为about 80% of the students,表示“来自”为be from,“农村”为the countryside,注意主谓一致,百分数修饰的名词事可数名词时,谓语用复数。故翻译为In our class, about 80% of the students are from the countryside.40.90%的人都无法拒绝这样的一种善意。(reject)(汉译英)【答案】90% of people can't reject that kind of kindness.【详解】考查数词和动词。百分数+of+名词; reject 为及物动词,后接名词作宾语。根据句意,用情态动词can't。根据句意,故翻译为90% of people can't reject that kind of kindness.
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