热点练01阅读理解之细节理解题（热点话题）-2022年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（新高考专用）

细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。题干常考查的六大信息有5个W，即When, Where, who,What,Why和1个H,即How。高考对英语篇章中事实细节的考查主要分为两种情况：

一是直接细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；

二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲，得出正确答案。

细节理解题的常见设问方式有：

①、Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...?

②、Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of... /relationship of...?

③、Which of the following maps shows the right way to...?

④、Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what... is like?

⑤、According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why/

⑥、how/how many/how much/how long/how soon/how often...?

考向1：举例和比喻处常考

为了使自己的观点更有说服力，更加明确，作者常以具体地例子或比喻来论证，这些例子或比喻会成为考点，常用的标志词有：as, such as, for example,for instance, a case in point等。

For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn’t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can’t make things work out right, he doesn’t feel ashamed that he fails; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook(人生观) on life, special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.

In a new situation, an intelligent person            .

  A. knows more about what might happen to him       B. is sure of the result he will get

  C. concentrates on the situation                    D. cares more about himself

选C，根据文中所例举的句子可以看出来。

考向2：列举处常考

列举处指的是First, Second, Third等并列连词出现的地方。要求从列举的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。列举有时不用数字排列，而用排比句式出现。

考向3：代词出现处常考

这类题常用来考查考生是否真正理解上下文句子之间的关系和意义。

考向4：特殊标点符号后的内容常考

特殊标点符号常用：破折号，括号，冒号，引号。这些符号后的内容往往是对前面内容进一步解释和说明，所以命题者常对这些标点符号后的内容进行提问。

细节理解题解题技巧：原文定位法

1. 看问题（勾关键词）
2. 速定位（带着关键词去文章勾原句）
3. 细比对（仔细比较原句和选项的相似之处，排除干扰项）

检验技巧：（仅供参考）

1. 选项内容与其他三项有较大差别的可能为答案。（选异不选同）
2. 一般排除绝对项(must,always,never, all, only, have to, none, completely)

常选语气可能性不大的答案(may,might,could ,be likely to,possible,not necessarily）

3. 细节题选项干扰特点：与原文内容相反，与原文内容一半相同一般不同，与原文内容相似但过于绝对，原文中根本没有提到。

应用文广告：旅游景点、就业（求职者的网上课程）、电影书籍等

记叙文人物故事类：抖音CEO

新闻类：，三孩政策、航空航天中国“天问一号”火星探测器

第一组 （2021·新高考I卷·A篇）

Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel （旅社）. The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around＄25 a night, and for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location（位置）with security and comfort.

Yellow Hostel

If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It's affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it's close to the main train station.

Hostel Alessandro Palace

If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There's also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.

Youth Station Hostel

If you're looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn't charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.

1.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?

A.Comfort.     B.Security.     C.Price.    D.Location.

2.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?

A.Yellow Hostel.       B.Hostel Alessandro Palace.

C.Youth Station Hostel.  D.Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.

3.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?

A.It gets noisy at night.    B.Its staff is too talkative.

C.It charges for Wi-Fi.     D.Its inconveniently located.

【答案】CBC

【解析】本文为应用文，主要介绍罗马四个旅行社的特色。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why…"可知，在罗马旅游可能会很昂贵，因此人们会比较关注价格因素。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据题干"an active social life"定位到第三段第一句"If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome."可知，Hostel Alessandro Palace最适合社交。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据题干定位到第五段，由第五段最后一句 "However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi." 可知，HHDA旅馆的Wi-Fi是收费的。故选C。

第二组

This online course is designed to provide you with work-ready skills including responding to job advertisements，writing application letters and resumes（简历）and developing inter-view skills．

What topics will it cover?

●    The recruitment（招聘） and selection process

●    The job application

●    Planning for the interview

●    Developing interview skills

What will you achieve?

By the end of the course，you'll be able to...

●    Assess the recruitment and selection process from an employer's point of view

●    Interpret an advertisement，job description and selection criteria correctly

●    Model a well-written job application

●    Plan for a job interview

Who is the course for?

While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work．

Who develops the course?

Central Queensland University． It is Australia's leading regional university．Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning．Our commitment to making real-world knowledge and skills accessible to all has seen us being awarded global recognition．

1．What will students learn if they take the online course?

A．The way to write a resume．

B．The way to put an advertisement．

C．The skills of talking with others．

D．The skills of improving reading．

2．Who is the online course intended for?

A．Trainers． B．Interviewers． C．Job seekers． D．College students．

3．Which of the following best describes the online course?

A．Cheap． B．Practical． C．Long-standing． D．World-class．

【答案】1．A2．C3．B

【解析】本文是一篇广告，主要介绍的是一门针对求职者的网上课程。

1．细节理解题。根据What will you achieve? 部分的By the end of the course，you'll be able to...Model a well-written job application（在课程结束时，你将能够模拟一份写得很好的工作申请）可知，参加网络课程的学生将学会如何写简历，故选A。

2．细节理解题。根据Who is the course for 部分的While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work（虽然本课程对实习生和毕业生很有吸引力，但它也适用于希望提高求职信心和成功率的更广泛群体的求职者）可知，这是一门面向求职者的在线课程，故选C。

3．根据最后一段的Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning（我们的课程与行业一起设计，许多课程包括实践学习经验和基于项目的学习）可推知，描述在线课程最佳的词是“实用的”，故选B。

第三组 【广东省深圳市六校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】

Nobody says school is easy. Studying is difficult, as is memorizing information for a test. Fortunately, there are books that can help you to make dealing with school easier.

Unlimited Memory by Kevin Horsley

This book is a bestseller in memory improvement. It has strategies to help learn faster and become more productive. Of course, having a good memory comes in handy outside of the classroom as well. Really, this is a great book for life in general.

On Course by Skip Downing

It is another book worth reading. In its eighth edition, the book provides self-assessment tools to help identify what is needed to change for academic success. It contains guided journal entries to help readers with responsibility, self-management, self-awareness, learning and self-esteem.

Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers by Kate L. Turabian

Many students reach college and find that essay writing in college is very different from that in high school. Whether this is the case or not, Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers is a perfect choice for those who want to improve writing skills. It’s available on Kindle or in hardback or paperback forms. Right now, this one is its fourth edition. The book covers writing actual paper, citing sources, and style.

How to Become a Straight-A Student by Cal Newport

The book came out in 2006. It enjoys great popularity among learners all over the world. The book deals with different approaches and strategies to help achieve good academic performance but spend less time on studying, with a focus on studying smarter, not harder. It’s available on Kindle and in audio book and paperback forms.

1．What do you know about Unlimited Memory?

A．It is practical in daily life.

B．It is popular and sells best.

C．It helps to produce more works.

D．It is written by Kate L.Turabian.

2．What do the last two books have in common?

A．They have various forms.

B．They are world-famous books.

C．They were published 15 years ago.

D．They mainly focus on improving writing skills.

3．Who are the intended readers?

A．Parents. B．Children.

C．Teachers. D．Students.

【答案】1．A2．A3．D

【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本有助于学生学习的书籍。

1．细节理解题。根据Unlimited Memory by Kevin Horsley中“Really, this is a great book for life in general.( 说真的，这是一本对生活很重要的书)”可知，Unlimited Memory是日常生活中一本很实用的书。故选A。

2．细节理解题。根据Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers by Kate L. Turabian中“It’s available on Kindle or in hardback or paperback forms. Right now, this one is its fourth edition. (这本书可以在Kindle上找到，也可以以精装本或平装本的形式找到。现在，这本书已经是第四版了)”和How to Become a Straight-A Student by Cal Newport中“It’s available on Kindle and in audio book and paperback forms.( 它可以在Kindle、有声读物和平装本上找到)”可知，最后两本书的共同之处是它们有多种形式。故选A。

3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nobody says school is easy. Studying is difficult, as is memorizing information for a test. Fortunately, there are books that can help you to make dealing with school easier.( 没人说上学容易。学习是困难的，为考试而记忆信息也是困难的。幸运的是，有一些书可以帮助你更容易地应对学校学习生活)”可知，上学不易，因为有些信息很难记忆，由此可知，作者写这篇文章主要是给学习有困难的学生推荐基本实用的书籍。故选D。

第四组  抖音CEO

    Teenagers may not know the name Kevin Mayer, but he's about to play an outsize role in their lives.

The longtime leader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok (抖音).In doing so, Mayer will lake charge of an app whose influence over a lot of people has made it one of the most influential ，although controversial(有争议的) ,platforms of the era.

Mayer has been with Disney since the early 1990s—minus a period as the CEO of Playboy.com—and he’s helped to acquire some important brands in film industry. More recently he's become known for his key role in the launch of the ll-important Disney Plus streaming service.

Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek，who ran Disney' theme parks unit.

Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise,but his move to TikTok is unexpected. The app, owned by China-based ByteDance, is at a crucial moment in its short history—seeing enormous growth during the pandemic lockdowns but facing increasing criticism over its data-collection practices. As it rises in influence ,the company will surely face a growing drumbeat of intense media and strict monitoring.

In contrast, Disney has never been more delicate, with the coronavinus pandemic having broken nearly all of its core business units, from the close down of theme parks and movie theaters to ongoing interruptions to its production schedules. Mayer，whatever else is motivating the move, is hopping( 跳) to another position at a proper time.

11．What's the text mainly about?

A．The job-hopping of a CEO.

B．The rising influence of TikTok.

C．The decline of the Walt Disney Company .

D．The intense competition between companies.

12．What's the likely reason for Mayer's departure from Disney?

A．He had been offered a higher salary

B．He wasn't qualified for his previous job.

C．He preferred a new career concerning teenagers.

D．He failed to succeed Bob Iger as a CEO of Disney.

13．What do we know about TikTok according to the text?

A．Potential but delicate. B．Profitable but immoral.

C．Popular but controversial. D．Professional but addictive.

14．What is the purpose of the text?

A．To advertise for Disney. B．To report of news.

C．To recommend a new app. D．To compare two companies.

【答案】

11．A

12．D

13．C

14．B

【分析】

本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO。

11．通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“The longtime leader of the Walt Disney Company just became the CEO of TikTok”可知，迪士尼公司的长期领导者（凯文梅耶尔）刚刚成为抖音的CEO，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO，故A项正确。

12．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger, but he was passed over for Bob Chapek”可知，梅耶尔被认为是即将卸任的CEO鲍勃伊格尔的潜在继任者之一，但他被鲍勃查贝克所取代， 紧接着第五段第一句“Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise”说梅耶尔离开迪士尼也许并不奇怪，由此可知，梅耶尔离开迪士尼是因为他没能接替鲍勃·伊格尔成为迪斯尼的CEO，故D项正确。

13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one of the most influential ，although controversial(有争议的) ,platforms of the era”可知，抖音平台极具影响力（很受欢迎）但备受争议，故C项正确。

14．通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了迪士尼公司的高级副总裁凯文梅耶尔从迪士尼跳槽至抖音，担任该公司的CEO，是一篇新闻报道，因此文章的目的就是报道梅耶尔跳槽的新闻，故B项正确。

                                      第五组

Are you the only child in your family? If so, do you enjoy it or do you want more siblings（兄弟姐妹）?

On May 31, a key meeting of the Communist Party of China unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children.

The move is expected to maximize the population's role in driving economic and social growth, since this is a critical time for China to transform the world's most populous country into a powerhouse（强国）with a quality workforce, according to the National Health Commission.

The three-child policy is also expected to prevent the decline in the nation's birthrate and address the challenge of a rapidly aging population, China Daily reported.

China's annual number of newborns has fallen for four years in a row. The country's total birthrate—the average number of children born to each woman—stood at 1.3 in 2020. The number is below the rate of 2.1 that would maintain a stable population, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.

The declining birthrate has also brought a sharp increase in the proportion of the population aged 60 or above, rising from 10.3 percent to 18.7 percent in the past decade. An increasingly elderly population will increase the cost of labor and the pressure on the social security net. It also means there will be a lack of young labor force. Therefore, it's not good for economic growth, according to Chen Youhua, a professor at Nanjing University.

In fact, the new birth policy is a step to further relax the family planning policy. The one-child policy was introduced in the 1970s and aimed to control the fast-growing population. Then in 2013, China allowed couples to have a second child if either parent was an only child, and in 2016, all couples were allowed to have two children.

However, not all people have shown their support for this latest policy. Many couples complained about the rising costs of raising a child. A netizen named Qinfeng commented, "High cost of education and both the physical and mental exhaustion stopped me from having more than one child." Also, many women are reluctant（不情愿的）to give birth because that could mean sacrificing their career prospects, according to Mu Guangzong, a professor at Peking University.

In that case, Mu noted that it is better to implement supporting measures with the three-child policy, such as more preferential（优惠的）policies for couples that would ease their parental burden.

12．What might NOT be the main cause for the new policy?

A．To increase the population's role.

B．To stop the declining birthrate.

C．To improve the child- care service system.

D．To address the challenge of the aging population.

13．What can be known from the text?

A．China's annual number of newborns has fallen for decades.

B．The government will protect the legal rights of women in employment.

C．Measures will be taken to improve the high-quality education.

D．The new policy allows couples to have up to three children.

14．Which of the following can replace the underlined word "implement"?

A．To carry out. B．To get along with.

C．To make use of. D．To have a command of.

15．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A．To show his love of children healthcare.

B．To introduce the new family size policy.

C．To share his concerns about birthrate.

D．To emphasize the physical and mental exhaustion.

【答案】12．C13．D14．A15．B

【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了即将实施的“三孩”政策。

12．细节理解题。由第三段“The move is expected to maximize the population's role in driving economic and social growth, since this is a critical time for China to transform the world's most populous country into a powerhouse（强国）with a quality workforce, according to the National Health Commission.(国家卫生健康委员会表示，此举预计将最大限度地发挥人口在推动经济和社会增长中的作用，因为目前是中国将世界上人口最多的国家转变为拥有高素质劳动力的强国的关键时刻。)”、第四段“The three-child policy is also expected to prevent the decline in the nation's birthrate and address the challenge of a rapidly aging population, China Daily reported.( 据《中国日报》报道，三孩政策还有望防止中国出生率的下降，并应对人口快速老龄化的挑战。)”可知，选择项A、B、D在文中都提到过。选择项C“完善托儿服务体系”不是新政策的主要原因。故选C。

13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On May 31, a key meeting of the Communist Party of China unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children.( 5月31日，中共中央召开重要会议，公布了一项政策，允许所有夫妇最多生育三个孩子。)可知，政府即将采取新政策，允许一对夫妻生育第三胎。故选D。

14．词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句“such as more preferential（优惠的）policies for couples that would ease their parental burden.(比如为夫妇提供更多的优惠政策，以减轻他们的负担。)”可知，为了实施三孩政策，需要配套相应的措施。所以implement应为“实施”之意。故选A。

15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了即将实施的“三孩”政策。所以可以推断，作者的写作意图是介绍一项（家庭规模）新政策。故选B。

第六组

Tianwen I is China’s first Mars probe（火星探测器）. Where does the name come from? Do you still remember Qu Yuan, a famous poet in ancient China? He loved his motherland very much. His long poem “Heavenly Questions（天问）” expresses the continual hard work and the great spirit of the Chinese nation to science. That is why Tianwen I was officially named, which is quite cultural and beautiful.

On July 14, 2020. Tianwen I arrived at the Wenchang Space Launch Site（发射站）in Hainan Province. The space probe Tianwen I based off（发射升空）at 12:41 p.m. on July 23, 2020, carrying a Long March 5 carrier rocket（长征5号运载火箭）. It took Tianwen I about seven months to travel to Mars.

The China’s Mars rover（火星车）, Zhurong moved from is landing platform（平台）onto the surface of the Red Planet at 10:40 a.m. on May 15th, 2021, starting is exploration（探险旅程）around the landing site.

The 240-kilogram robot was sent into the sky to survey Mars’ landforms, geography situation, and something about water, ice, environment and other physical fields.

Before Tianwen I, no country had ever tried to send an orbiter（运行器）, a lander and a rover in one single expedition（考察）to Mars.

1.．Why was the first Mars probe here given the name, Tianwen I?

A．Because of a book written by Li Bai. B．Because of a poem written by Qu Yuan.

C．Because of a famous scientist. D．Because of a well-known engineer.

2．When was Tianwen I sent into the space?

A．On June 23, 2020. B．On June 24, 2020

C．On July 23, 2020. D．On July 24, 2020.

3．How long did it take Tianwen I to travel to Mars?

A．About 3 months. B．About 5 months.

C．About 7 months D．About 9 months.

4．What does the Mars rover, Zhurong survey on Mars?

A．Landforms and geography situation.     B．Something about water, ice and environment.

C．Other physical fields. D．All of the above.

B  C  C   D

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是中国“天问一号”火星探测器的相关内容，介绍中国在空间技术发展上外空探索所取得的成就。

1．细节理解题。根据“Where does the name come from? Do you still remember Qu Yuan, a famous poet in ancient China? He loved his motherland very much. His long poem “Heavenly Questions（天问）” expresses the continual hard work and the great spirit of the Chinese nation to science. ”可知，“天问”这个名字来自屈原的长诗《天问》，故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据“The space probe Tianwen I based off（发射升空）at 12:41 p.m. on July 23, 2020, carrying a Long March 5 carrier rocket（长征5号运载火箭）.”可知，2020年7月23日12时41分，航天探测器“天问一号”搭载长征五号运载火箭升空。 故选C。

3．细节理解题。根据“It took Tianwen I about seven months to travel to Mars.”可知，天问一号花了7个月的时间到达火星。故选C。

4．细节理解题。根据“The 240-kilogram robot was sent into the sky to survey Mars’ landforms, geography situation, and something about water, ice, environment and other physical fields.”可知，它被用来调查火星的地形、地理状况，以及水、冰、环境和其他物理领域。故选D。