专题09 翻译-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练（上海专用）

这是一份专题09 翻译-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练（上海专用），文件包含专题09翻译解析版-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练上海专用docx、专题09翻译原卷版-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练上海专用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共23页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题09 翻译（解析版）

高考考点
命题分析
备考建议
三年高考探源
考查频率
翻译
高考英语中设立翻译题，是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中的汉译英多为简单句或简单的复合句，所考核的词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。高考英语翻译题分值改为15分。

根据历年来的经验，上海高考中译英的考察点主要有以下十点：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、情态动词、词组及固定搭配、代词、介词、冠词等。本章主题将根据这十点及相关内容，具体叙述下上海高考英语中译英要翻译出“正确通顺句子”的技巧。

2021、2020、2019
第72-75题
★★★
年份
重要考点
2010
形容词比较级；一般过去时；宾语从句； when 引导的时间状语从句
2011
because引导的原因状语从句；时间状语从句；if引导的条状状语从句；定语从句；no longer引导的倒装句
2012
一般过去时；It作形式主语引导主语从句；that/which引导定语从句；宾语从句；介词短语owing to
2013
一般过去时；as...as句型；which 引导定语从句；时间状语从句no sooner...than；no sooner引导的倒装句
2014
形容词比较级；for fear that 引导的目的状语从句；while引导让步状语从句；It 作形式主语引导主语从句
2015
If 引导条件状语从句；介词+whom定语从句；in order that引导目的状语从句；what 引导主语从句；现在完成时
2016
although 引导的让步状语从句；the moment 引导的时间状语从句； 宾语从句
2017春考
非谓语动词；强调句型；比较级句型the+比较级+句子；there be 句型
2017秋考
It 做形式主语；现在完成时；情态动词would rather
2018春考
祈使句；宾语从句；when 引导时间状语从句
2018秋考
一般过去时；情态动词may；一般现在时和until引导时间状语从句
2019春考
强调句型；what 引导的主语从句；whose 引导的定语从句
2019秋考
How 引导的感叹句；as 引导的伴随状语从句；as...as 句型；what 引导的主语从句。
2020春考
As引导的方式状语从句；when 引导的时间状语从句；it 做形式宾语
2020秋考
substitute的用法；in order that 引导的目的状语从句；when引导的时间状语从句；分词作状语及四字格翻译

2020年上海高考英语真题

1. （2020年春考）我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。（appreciate）
【参考答案】
① We really/deeply/truly appreciate their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect.
② We really/deeply/truly appreciate their effort (that) they have made to preserve the Shanghai dialect.
③ We appreciate it deeply/a lot/very much that they have made their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect.
【思路解析】
① 感谢：appreciate的考点：
a． 欣赏；赏识 — appreciate sb./sth
b． 感激；感谢 — appreciate sth./(sb.) doing sth，
② 上海方言为专有名词，前面必须要加上“the”，即“the Shanghai dialect”
2. （2020年春考）这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时，因其节奏欢快、风格诙谐而引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。（when）
【参考答案】When first released at the opening ceremony of the Art Festival, this song caused a sensation / made a stir because of / for/ due to its cheerful melody and humorous style, but it was just a flash in the pan./ but it didn’t last long. / but it lasted (for) only a very short time/ period.
【思路解析】本题考查了when引导的时间状语从句，考查的词汇和词组并不难，“昙花一现”看似难翻，但只要表达清楚意思就可以了。

2019年上海高考英语真题
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。(patient）(汉译英）
【答案】There is something wrong with grandpa's ears, so be patient with him.
【详解】考查短语和时态。结合句意表示“耳背”可翻译为there be something wrong with one's ears；表示“对某人耐心”短语为be patient with sb.；此处为so连接并列句，且前半句陈述事实应用一般现在时，后半句为肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形。故翻译为There is something wrong with grandpa's ears, so be patient with him.
53. 和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。（How）(汉译英）
【答案】How different the soldier is from what he was in his school days ！
【详解】考查感叹句、时态和名词性从句。How+形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语！from后的宾语从句中，从句缺少表语，且指物，所以用连接词what。根据句意，用一般现在时。故翻译为How different the soldier is from what he was in his school days ！
54. 随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那名业余自行车手的夺冠之梦不再遥不可及。（normal）(汉译英）
【答案】As his physical strength returns to normal, the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning championship will no longer be beyond reach.
【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。本句为as引导的时间状语从句，从句中表示“体力”应用短语physical strength，作主语；表示“恢复正常”可知短语为return to normal，从句为一般现在时；主句中表示“业余自行车手”短语为amateur cyclist；表示“夺冠之梦”可翻译为dream of winning championship；表示“不再”短语为no longer；表示“遥不可及”短语为beyond reach，主句应用一般将来时。故翻译为As his physical strength returns to normal, the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning championship will no longer be beyond reach.
55. 值得一提的是，在王老师的影响下，她的同事们更关注孩子们的努力，而不是他们的成绩。（more than）(汉译英）
【答案】It is worth mentioning that under the influence of Teacher Wang, her colleagues pay more attention to the children's efforts than their grades.
【详解】考查固定搭配和短语。表示“值得做某事”用短语be worth doing，表示“在...的影响下”，用under the influence of。表示“更加注意”用pay more attention to，结合句子其他部分，故翻译成It is worth mentioning that under the influence of Teacher Wang, her colleagues pay more attention to the children's efforts than their grades.


一、汉译英（整句）
1．（2022·上海·华东师范大学第三附属中学高三阶段练习）无论经济发展有多快，我们都无法弥补它对环境产生的负面影响。(No matter) （汉译英）
【答案】No matter how fast the economy develops, we cannot make up for its negative impact on the environment.
【详解】
考查短语、时态和状语从句。make up for弥补； impact on对……产生影响。No matter how+adj.+主语+谓语，表示不管怎样……，无论……，引导让步状语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为No matter how fast the economy develops, we cannot make up for its negative impact on the environment.
2．（2022·上海·华东师范大学第三附属中学高三阶段练习）他丰富的工作经验和出色的心理素质最终使他能胜任主编这个职位, 这令他欣喜若狂。 （qualify）（汉译英）
【答案】It was overjoyed that his rich working experience and excellent psychological quality finally made him qualified for the position of chief editor.
【详解】
考查动词时态和主语从句。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，表示“这令他欣喜若狂”应用it was overjoyed that...，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句；表示“他丰富的工作经验和出色的心理素质”应用 his rich working experience and excellent psychological quality；表示“最终”应用finally；表示“使他能胜任”应用made him qualified for，be qualified for为固定短语，意为“胜任”，此处用过去分词短语，作宾语补足语；表示“主编这个职位”应用the position of chief editor。故翻译为It was overjoyed that his rich working experience and excellent psychological quality finally made him qualified for the position of chief editor.
3．（2022·上海·华东师范大学第三附属中学高三阶段练习）不顾父母反对, 他放弃了高薪高福利的工作。(regardless) （汉译英）
【答案】Regardless of her parents and friends’ objection, she gave up the job of high salary and welfare .
【详解】
考查短语和时态。regardless of不管，不顾；give up发起；salary and welfare薪酬福利。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Regardless of her parents and friends’ objection, she gave up the job of high salary and welfare .
4．（2022·上海·华东师范大学第三附属中学高三阶段练习）正是他这种急于求成的心态导致了在决赛中失去了冠军头衔。（汉译英）
【答案】It was his state of desperation for success that cost him missing the championship in the final competition.
【详解】
考查强调句型。此处为强调句句型“it be+被强调部分+that”，表示“那种急于求成的心态”短语为his state of desperation for success；表示“无缘冠军宝座”翻译为miss the championship；表示“付出代价”应用动词cost；表示“在决赛中”短语为in the final competition。本句陈述过去的事实，要用一般过去时。故整句翻译为：It was his state of desperation for success that cost him missing the championship in the final competition.
5．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）看见线上课堂里的老师摇身一变成了社区志愿者，这位女孩情不自禁地向她比心。(transform) （汉译英）
【答案】Seeing the teacher in the online class transformed into a community volunteer, the girl couldn’t help giving her a finger heart.
【详解】
考查名词，动词，介词，短语和时态。表示“看见”应用动词see；表示“线上课堂”应用名词短语the online class；表示“老师”应用名词teacher；表示“变成了”应用动词短语transform…into；表示“社区志愿者”应用名词短语a community volunteer；表示“这位女孩”应用名词短语the girl；表示“情不自禁地”应用动词短语can’t/couldn’t help doing；表示“向她比心”应用动词短语give her a finger heart。分析句意可知，“看见线上课堂里的老师摇身一变成了社区志愿者”和“情不自禁地向她比心”是2个几乎同时发生的动作，而且是主语“小女孩”主动发出的动作，所以可以用现在分词短语做伴随状语来表示；“老师”和“变成”是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式做宾补。这句话描述的是过去发生的事情，所以谓语要用一般过去时。故翻译为Seeing the teacher in the online class transformed into a community volunteer, the girl couldn’t help giving her a finger heart.
6．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）入侵物种所造成的经济与环境损失真是超乎人们的想象。(imagination) （汉译英）
【答案】The economic and environmental losses caused by invasive species are quite beyond people’s imagination.
【详解】
考查名词，动词，形容词，副词，介词，短语和时态。表示“入侵物种”应用名词短语invasive species；表示“造成”应用动词cause；表示“经济与环境损失”应用名词短语economic and environmental losses；表示“超乎人们的想象”应用介词短语beyond people’s imagination；表示“真是”应用副词quite。分析句意可知，“入侵物种所造成的”是“经济与环境损失”的定语，是逻辑上的被动关系，所以可以用cause的过去分词做后置定语。这句话是描述现在的事实，所以谓语用一般现在时。故翻译为The economic and environmental losses caused by invasive species are quite beyond people’s imagination.
7．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）在等待测试结果的时候，居民们都如坐针毡。(seem) (汉译英)
【答案】The residents seem to be on pins and needles when they are waiting for test results.
【详解】
考查时间状语从句和系动词。分析原句，描述现在的状态，用一般现在时态；“居民们都如坐针毡”是主句，“居民们”作主语，是复数概念，用the residents表示，“如坐针毡”用固定短语be on pins and needles表示，用连系动词seem (to be)连接，意为“好像是；似乎是”，译为the residents seem to be on pins and needles；“在等待测试结果的时候”是时间状语从句，用连词when引导，其主语与主句主语一致，用人称代词they代替，“等待”是谓语动词，用动词短语wait for表示，结合句意，用现在进行时态，“测试结果”是宾语，用test results表示，译为when they are waiting for test results。综上，全句译为：The residents seem to be on pins and needles when they are waiting for test results.
8．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）再怎么强调保持社交距离的重要性也不为过。(distance) (汉译英)
【答案】We cannot emphasize the importance of keeping social distance too much.
【详解】
考查固定句型。结合原文，“再怎么……也不为过”可用固定句型“cannot+动词+too much”表示，“强调”用动词emphasize，“保持社交距离的重要性”作宾语，用短语the importance of keeping social distance表示，原句缺主语，根据句意可用we作主语。故翻译为：We cannot emphasize the importance of keeping social distance too much.
9．（2022·上海市洋泾中学高三阶段练习）人们很少意识到，公众节能环保的意识越强，与每个人息息相关的生活环境就会越好。（Seldom）（汉译英）
【答案】People seldom realize that the stronger the public’s awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, the better the living environment closely related to everyone.
【详解】
考查副词、短语和动词。表示“很少”应用副词seldom；表示“意识到”应用动词realize；表示“公众节能环保的意识”短语为the public’s awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection；表示“生活环境”短语为 the living environment。故翻译为People seldom realize that the stronger the public’s awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, the better the living environment closely related to everyone。
10．（2022·上海市洋泾中学高三阶段练习）尽管家境贫寒，这个志存高远的女孩从不安于现状，而是不断挑战自我，终于在面试中脱颖而出，获得了接收高等教育的机会。（Despite，access）（汉译英）
【答案】Despite her poor family (background)/ Despite the fact that she was born in(to) a poor family, this ambitious girl/this girl who has great ambitions was never satisfied/content with the present situation/circumstances and/but (instead) challenged herself constantly, and eventually distinguished herself from others/ became outstanding/stood out in the interview, obtaining/gaining the access to higher education.
【详解】
考查短语、时态、定语从句和名词性从句。介词despite后接名词形式。be born   in(to)出生在；be satisfied/content with对……满足；distinguish   from 辨别；区分；stand out脱颖而出；in the interview在采访中； obtain/gain access to获得……的机会；higher education高等教育。句中解释说明名词 the fact，所以后接同位语从句。从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。句中先行词为this girl，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Despite her poor family (background)/ Despite the fact that she was born in(to) a poor family, this ambitious girl/this girl who has great ambitions was never satisfied/content with the present situation/circumstances and/but (instead) challenged herself constantly, and eventually distinguished herself from others/ became outstanding/stood out in the interview, obtaining/gaining the access to higher education.
11．（2022·上海市洋泾中学高三阶段练习）这部纪录片刻画了一位饱经风霜的老人及其令人饮佩的爱国情怀。（feature）（汉译英）
【答案】The documentary featured an old weather-beaten man and his admirable patriotism.
【详解】
考查句子结构。这是一个简单句。“这部纪录片”是主语表述为The documentary，谓语“刻画了”用所给提示词feature，由句意可知用一般过去时，表述为featured，“一位饱经风霜的老人及其令人饮佩的爱国情怀”是宾语，表述为an old weather-beaten man and his admirable patriotism。故整句可译为The documentary featured an old weather-beaten man and his admirable patriotism。
12．（2022·上海市洋泾中学高三阶段练习）奇怪的是，几十年过去了，他对家乡的一草一木却依然记忆犹新。（fresh）（汉译英）
【答案】Strangely, after decades, every plant in his hometown is still fresh in his memory.
【详解】
考查时态、副词和短语。表示“奇怪的是”用副词strangely，作状语；表示时间状语“几十年过去了”可以用after decades；根据句意可知，此处描述现在事实，用一般现在时，表示“他对家乡的一草一木却依然记忆犹新” 为every plant in his hometown is still fresh in his memory，every plant作主语，介词短语in his hometown 作后置定语，be still fresh in one’s memories意为“记忆犹新”，be still fresh是系表结构。句首字母大写，故可翻译为Strangely, after decades, every plant in his hometown is still fresh in his memory.
13．（2022·上海市大同中学高三阶段练习）南非有很多野生动物，难怪是动物爱好者的乐园。(shortage) (汉译英)
【答案】There is no shortage of wild animals in South Africa. No wonder it’s a paradise for animal lovers.
【详解】
考查名词、短语和固定句型。全句讲述现在的情况，用一般现在时态；“南非有很多野生动物”可理解为“南非不缺野生动物”，用there be句型和指定词汇shortage翻译，“不缺”用短语no shortage of表示，“野生动物”用wild animals表示，译为There is no shortage of wild animals in South Africa；“难怪是动物爱好者的乐园”可用固定句型no wonder...表示，“动物爱好者”用animal lovers表示，“乐园”用paradise表示，译为No wonder it’s a paradise for animal lovers。综上，句全译为：There is no shortage of wild animals in South Africa. No wonder it’s a paradise for animal lovers.
14．（2022·上海市大同中学高三阶段练习）春节总是让人想到希望与活力，在这样一个辞旧迎新、万家团圆的节日里，我们走亲访友给大家带去美好的祝福。(when) (汉译英)
【答案】The Spring Festival always reminds people of hope and vitality. In such a gathering festival of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new, we visit our relatives and friends to bring our best wishes to everyone.
【详解】
考查名词、动词短语、时态、时间状语从句和非谓语动词。根据句意可知，全句讲述普遍事实，应使用一般现在时态；“春节总是让人想到希望与活力”处理为一个句子，“春节”是主语，用the Spring Festival表示，“让……想到”是谓语动词，用remind...of...表示，“希望与活力”是宾语，用hope and vitality表示，译为The Spring Festival always reminds people of hope and vitality；“在这样一个辞旧迎新、万家团圆的节日里，我们走亲访友给大家带去美好的祝福”处理为第二个句子，其中“在这样一个辞旧迎新、万家团圆的节日里”是时间状语，用介词短语in such a gathering festival of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new表示，现在分词gathering和介词短语of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new作定语修饰名词festival，“我们”是句子主语，用人称代词we表示，“走/访”是谓语动词，可用动词visit表示，“亲/友”是宾语，用our relatives and friends表示，“给大家带去美好的祝福”是目的状语， 用不定式to bring our best wishes to everyone表示，可译为In such a gathering festival of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new, we visit our relatives and friends to bring our best wishes to everyone。综上， 全句译为：The Spring Festival always reminds people of hope and vitality. In such a gathering festival of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new, we visit our relatives and friends to bring our best wishes to everyone.
15．（2022·上海市大同中学高三阶段练习）这本国际学术期刊用了整整一章来介绍他的研究发现。(devote)(汉译英)
【答案】The international academic journal devoted a whole chapter to introduce his findings.
【详解】
考查句子结构。这是一个简单句，主语“这本国际学术期刊”表述为the international academic journal，所给单词devote有“将(文章或讲话的某一部分)专用(于)”的含义，用来表述谓语“用了”，根据句意可知时态为一般过去时，因而写为devoted，宾语“整整一章”表述为a whole chapter，目的状语“来介绍他的研究发现”用不定式表述为to introduce his findings。故整句可译为The international academic journal devoted a whole chapter to introduce his findings。
16．（2022·上海师大附中高三阶段练习）佛罗里达州(Florida)是一个受欢迎的疫苗旅游目的地，因为该州优先为 65 岁及以上的人接种，而且其他限制较少，这吸引了世界各地的游客。(due to) （汉译英）
【答案】Florida is a popular vaccine tourism destination due to the high priority given to those aged 65 and older in addition to few other restrictions, which attracts travelers all over the world.
【详解】
考查定语从句。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，“受欢迎的”使用形容词popular作定语，“疫苗”使用名词vaccine作定语，“旅游目的地”译为tourism destination，“佛罗里达州是一个受欢迎的疫苗旅游目的地”可译为Florida is a popular vaccine tourism destination；“由于”使用固定短语due to，“优先 65 岁及以上的人”译为give high priority to those aged 65 and older，due to后接名词，故此处用high priority作宾语，因give和high priority之间是动宾关系，所以用given to those aged 65 and older作后置定语，故“因为该州优先为 65 岁及以上的人接种”译为due to the high priority given to those aged 65 and older，“而且”使用固定短语in addition to，“其他限制较少”译为名词短语few other restrictions，“这吸引了世界各地的游客”译为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导，“吸引”使用动词attract，“游客”使用名词复数travelers，“世界各地的”使用固定短语all over the world作定语，关系代词which指代前面内容在从句中作主语，表示单数意义，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故本句可译为Florida is a popular vaccine tourism destination due to the high priority given to those aged 65 and older in addition to few other restrictions, which attracts travelers all over the world.。
17．（2022·上海师大附中高三阶段练习）当被问及究竟是什么使她成为了专业的运动员和尖子生，她将秘密总结为“热情、专注和平衡”。（强调句）（汉译英）
【答案】When asked what exactly made her a professional athlete and top student, she summed up it was enthusiasm, concentration and balance that made her did it.
【详解】
考查强调句、从句、时态、短语及名词。根据句意可知 ，本句描述过去的内容，故用一般过去时。表示“当……时”用when引导时间状语从句；表示“被问及”用过去分词asked，表示被动；表示“专业的运动员和尖子生”用a professional athlete and top student；表示“什么使她成为了专业的运动员和尖子生”用宾语从句what exactly made her a professional athlete and top student；表示“究竟”用exactly；表示“总结”用summed up；表示“热情”用enthusiasm；表示“专注”用concentration；表示“平衡”用balance；根据提示，此句使用强调句it was enthusiasm, concentration and balance that made her did it。故答案为When asked what exactly made her a professional athlete and top student, she summed up it was enthusiasm, concentration and balance that made her did it.
18．（2022·上海师大附中高三阶段练习）根据新颁布的条例，学生不允许将手机带进校园。(By no means) （汉译英）
【答案】By no means are students allowed to bring mobile phones into campus, according to the new regulations.
【详解】
考查倒装句型、句子结构。表示“根据新颁布的条例”为according to the new regulations，可位于句末，according to“根据”后接名词短语the new regulations构成介词短语，作状语；表示“学生不允许将手机带进校园”用一般现在时，描述规则性的内容，根据句意可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，by no means“决不”位于句首，句子使用半倒装，表达为by no means are students allowed to bring mobile phones into campus，be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”是习惯表达，动词不定式作补语，bring sth into意为“使某物进入”。句首字母大写，故可翻译为By no means are students allowed to bring mobile phones into campus, according to the new regulations.
19．（2022·上海师大附中高三阶段练习）在对抗这场大流行病的战役中，中国将继续秉持开放、透明、负责任的态度同世界卫生组织合作。(attitude) （汉译英）
【答案】In the battle against the pandemic, China will continue to cooperate with the WHO in an open, transparent and responsible manner.
【详解】
考查时态和固定短语。“在对抗这场大流行病的战役中”翻译为in the battle against the pandemic，“中国将继续做某事”是China will continue to do sth.，“秉持开放、透明、负责任的态度”翻译为in an open, transparent and responsible manner，“同世界卫生组织合作”是cooperate with the WHO，故翻译为In the battle against the pandemic, China will continue to cooperate with the WHO in an open, transparent and responsible manner.
20．（2022·上海市行知中学高三开学考试）让新任馆长欣慰的是，得益于针对性的举措，原本积灰的展品焕然一新，博物馆也恢复了往日的风采。(restore) （汉译英）
【答案】To the relief of the newly-appointed curator, benefiting from the targeted initiatives, the exhibits which were covered with dust are now taking a new look and museum also restore to what it used to be./ previous glory.
【详解】
考查名词、动词、介词、从句及短语。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。表示“让新任馆长欣慰的是”用To the relief of the newly-appointed curator；表示“得益于”用现在分词短语benefiting from，现在分词作原因状语；表示“针对性的举措”用the targeted initiatives；表示“展品”用the exhibits；表示“原本积灰”用一般过去时which were covered with dust，该定语从句修饰先行词the exhibits；表示“现在焕然一新”用are now taking a new look；表示“博物馆”用museum；表示“也”用also；表示“恢复”用restore to；表示“往日的风采”用what it used to be/ previous glory，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语。故答案为To the relief of the newly-appointed curator, benefiting from the targeted initiatives, the exhibits which were covered with dust are now taking a new look and museum also restore to what it used to be previous glory.
21．（2022·上海市实验学校高三开学考试）受访者表达了他们的意见，他们认为政府应该对小企业进行资助，帮助它们度过疫情的寒冬。（同位语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】The respondents expressed their opinion that the government should subsidize small businesses to help them survive the cold winter of the epidemic.
【详解】
考查同位语从句和时态。“受访者”是the respondents，“表达了他们的意见”用一般过去时，翻译为expressed their opinion，“政府应该对小企业进行资助，帮助它们度过疫情的寒冬”是他们的意见的具体内容，用that引导的同位语从句，“政府应该对小企业进行资助”翻译为the government should subsidize small businesses，“帮助它们度过疫情的寒冬”用不定式表目的，翻译为to help them survive the cold winter of the epidemic，因此整个句子翻译为“The respondents expressed their opinion that the government should subsidize small businesses to help them survive the cold winter of the epidemic”。故答案为The respondents expressed their opinion that the government should subsidize small businesses to help them survive the cold winter of the epidemic。
22．（2022·上海市实验学校高三开学考试）这位资深音乐人对二十世界八十年代的流行歌曲很熟悉，被人们称为流动的曲库。（So）（汉译英）
【答案】The senior musician is familiar with the pop songs of the 1980s, so he is called as a flowing musical library.
【详解】
考查状语从句、被动语态和短语。表示“熟悉”应用短语be familiar with；表示“被…称为”应用短语be called as，与主语he之间为被动关系；表示“流动的曲库”应用短语flowing musical library；句子时态为一般现在时，so是连词，用于表结果，意为“所以”。故翻译为The senior musician is familiar with the pop songs of the 1980s, so he is called as a flowing musical library.
23．（2022·上海市实验学校高三开学考试）这个冰雪世界的天才少女乐观自律，选择代表她母亲的祖国参加北京冬奥会。（choose）（汉译英）
【答案】Optimistic and disciplined, the talented teenager from the world of ice and snow chose to represent her mother's country to participate in the Beijing Winter Olympics.
【详解】
考查形容词作状语、时态、动词和不定式作目的状语。“乐观自律”用形容词作状语，翻译为optimistic and disciplined；“这个冰雪世界的天才少女”是the talented teenager from the world of ice and snow；“选择做某事”是choose to do，用一般过去时；“代表她母亲的祖国”是represent her mother's country；“参加北京冬奥会”是participate in the Beijing Winter Olympics，故答案为Optimistic and disciplined, the talented teenager from the world of ice and snow chose to represent her mother's country to participate in the Beijing Winter Olympics.
24．（2022·上海市实验学校高三开学考试）现在有很多应用程序帮助了你了解自己在哪方面支出最多。（work）（汉译英）
【答案】Now there are many Apps that help you work out where you spend the most.
【详解】
考查定语从句、时态及宾语从句。分析可知，本句的时态应用一般现在时。表示“有很多应用程序”用there are many Apps；“Apps”为先行词，在定语从句中作主语，所以定语从句的关系词用that；表示“帮助你”用help you；表示“解决，了解”用work out，其后跟where引导的宾语从句；表示“你花钱最多的地方”用where you spend the most；根据汉语提示，故翻译为：Now there are many Apps that help you work out where you spend the most.
25．沿外滩一路走来，你可以欣赏到从18世界到20世纪的各种不同风格的建筑。(range, v.) （汉译英）
【答案】Walking along the Bund, you can appreciate different styles of architecture, ranging from the 18th century to the 20th century.   
【详解】
考查非谓语动词作状语，非谓语动词作定语和固定短语结构。根据题目要求和句意分析可知，句子主干为“你可以欣赏到各种不同风格的建筑”，“欣赏”为appreciate或enjoy；不同风格的建筑为different styles of architecture。“从18世纪到20世纪”作后置定语修饰“建筑”，固定短语结构range from... to...或者range between...and...，且range与“建筑”architecture之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式ranging from the 18th century to the 20th century。“沿外滩一路走来”为walk along the Bund，walk与逻辑主语“你”为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式walking along the Bund作状语。故答案为Walking along the Bund, you can appreciate different styles of architecture, ranging from the 18th century to the 20th century.    
26．这部电影制作成本低，既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节，但主人公对故乡深深的依恋之情令观众动容。（汉译英）
【答案】Although this was a low-cost film, with neither famous stars (in it) nor complicated plot, the audience was greatly moved by the deep love of the main character to his hometown.
【详解】
考查连词、形容词、名词、动词短语、介词短语和让步状语从句。结合句意，分析句子可知，全句讲述过去的事情，用一般过去式；“这部电影制作成本低，既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节”可处理为让步状语从句，用从属连词although引导，其中“这部电影制作成本低”译为this was a low-cost film，“既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节”可处理为with介词短语作定语，“既无……也无……”用连词neithe...nor...表示，“大牌明星出镜”用famous stars (in it)表示，“复杂的故事情节”用complicated plot表示，从句译为：although this was a low-cost film, with neither famous stars (in it) nor complicated plot；“但主人公对故乡深深的依恋之情令观众动容”是主句，“……令观众动容”可处理被动语态，用the audience作主语，译为the audience was greatly moved by...，“主人公对故乡深深的依恋之情”作宾语，用the deep love of the main character to his hometown表示，主句译为：the audience was greatly moved by the deep love of the main character to his hometown；综上，全句译为：Although this was a low-cost film, with neither famous stars (in it) nor complicated plot, the audience was greatly moved by the deep love of the main character to his hometown.
27．第二次世界大战给人类带来了许多恐怖事件，其中之一就是对平民的大规模轰炸。（完全倒装句）（汉译英）
【答案】Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the Second World War was the massive bombing of civilians.
【详解】
考查时态、非谓语动词和全部倒装。“在第二次世界大战带来的徐对哦恐怖事件中”表达为：Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the Second World War ，其中inflicted on humanity by the Second World War为过去分词作后置定语，“among+宾语”的介宾短语位于句首作状语，句子要用全部倒装，时态为一般过去时，be用was，主语为the massive bombing of civilians（对平民的大规模轰炸），故全句翻译为：Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the Second World War was the massive bombing of civilians.
28．维和人员在经历过摩擦与内战的地区监测和平进程，确保曾经的交战双方遵守协议。（make sure）（汉译英）
【答案】Peacekeepers monitor the peace process in areas that have experienced friction and civil wars, making sure that previously warring parties keep to their agreements.
【详解】
考查非谓语动词、定语从句和宾语从句。主句用一般现在时，peacekeepers维和人员，复数名词作主语；monitor the peace process 监测和平进程；“在经历过摩擦与内战的地区”用定语从句表达为：s in areas that have experienced friction and civil wars，从句用现在完成时；“确保曾经的交战双方遵守协议”表示一种必然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语；making sure（确保）后为that引导的宾语从句： previously warring parties keep to their agreements（曾经的交战双方遵守协议），故全句翻译为：Peacekeepers monitor the peace process in areas that have experienced friction and civil wars, making sure that previously warring parties keep to their agreements.
29．我真正钦佩的是她承认健康不仅使我们更美丽，而且也更快乐的方式！（主语从句）(汉译英)
【答案】What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too！
【详解】
考查主语从句，时态，定语从句和宾语从句。根据句意可知主句时态是一般现在时，主语“我真正钦佩的”用what引导主语从句What I really admire，且在从句中作宾语；谓语动词用系动词is；表语是“方式”即the way；之后是定语从句修饰先行词the way，可以省略引导词，“她承认”说明时态是现在完成时，即 she has acknowledged；其后是that引导宾语从句，陈述事实用一般现在时，“健康不仅使我们更美丽，而且也更快乐”中主语用“good health”，谓语动词用第三人称单数“makes”（使得），宾语是“us”，用“not only...but （also）”句型连接并列的形容词比较级“more beautiful”和“happier”作宾语补足语，“也”应用副词too放在最后，即定语从句翻译为： she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too！故翻译为What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too！
30．多里安着迷于他的话语，希望自己能永远保持年轻和俊美，是肖像变老而不是他。（with的复合结构）（汉译英）
【答案】Fascinated by his words, Dorian wishes he could remain young and good-looking always, with his portrait growing old instead of him.
【详解】
考查with的复合结构和时态以及虚拟。分析原句可知：着迷于他的话语，这是状语，与主语是被动关系，因此可以翻译为过去分词短语Fascinated by his words；多里安希望自己能永远保持年轻和俊美，这是主句，表达他现在的愿望，因此主句要用一般现在时，宾语从句是虚拟语气，是对先现在以及将来的假设，因此要用 could/should+do，故翻译为：Dorian wishes he could remain young and good-looking always；是肖像变老而不是他，这是状语，可用with的复合结构，即翻译为：with his portrait growing old instead of him。故整句翻译为：Fascinated by his words, Dorian wishes he could remain young and good-looking always, with his portrait growing old instead of him。
31．梅每天都看着它们飞翔，这有助于他发展对他的艺术至关重要的富有表现力的眼球运动。（as引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】Every day Mei watched them as they flew, which helped him to develop the expressive eye movements that were so crucial to his art.
【详解】
考查状语从句和定语从句。分析句子可知，这是过去的习惯，要用一般过去时。表示“每天”应用every day；表示“看着”应用watch；表示“他们”应用them；表述“它们飞翔的时候”应用as they flew，as引导时间状语从句；表示“这有助于他发展富有表现力的眼球运动”应用which helped him to develop the expressive eye movements，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在定语从句中作主语；表示“对他的艺术至关重要的”应用that were so crucial to his art，that引导定语从句，指代eye movements。故整句翻译成：Every day Mei watched them as they flew, which helped him to develop the expressive eye movements that were so crucial to his art.
32．他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。（“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.
【详解】
考查时态、短语、状语从句。句子陈述过去是事情，应用一般过去时；“珍视他的正直”表达为valued his integrity，“不会被任何人动摇”表达为would not be bought by anyone，这两者用and连接；“无论多少免费的衣物或远程航班”表达为no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations，no matter how many引导让步状语从句，“给某人提供某物”表达为offer sb. sth，主语he和offer之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.
33．因为除非我们真的听从蕾切尔·卡森的警告，否则有一天我们可能会在奇怪、安静而又充满恐惧的另一个寂静的春天醒来。（do强调谓语动词）（汉译英）
【答案】For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning, one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.
【详解】
考查do强调谓语动词。因为除非我们真的听从蕾切尔·卡森的警告，这是原因状语，用For 引导，表达：真的听从，用do强调谓语动词，unless引导条件状语从句，故从句翻译为：For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning；否则有一天我们可能会在奇怪、安静而又充满恐惧的另一个寂静的春天醒来。这是主句，故翻译为：one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring。
34．虽然卡森的研究成果很有说服力，而且得到了大多数评论过她的作品的科学家的支持，但这本书很快就成了农药行业评论家攻击的目标。（who引导定语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.
【详解】
考查定语从句。表示“虽然”应用though，引导让步状语从句；表示“卡森的研究成果”应用Carson’s research；表示“是”应用be；表示“有说服力的”应用strong；表示“支持”应用support，此处使用被动语态；表示“大多数科学家”应用most scientists；本句陈述过去的事实，因此要用一般过去时，主语为单数名词，be动词用was，表示“被支持”应用was supported by；表示“大多数评论过她的作品的”是定语从句，修饰科学家，因此用who引导的定语从句，who reviewed her work；“但这本书很快就成了农药行业评论家攻击的目标”是主句，表示“这本书”应用the book；表示“很快地”应用quickly；表示“成为”应用become，其过去式为became；表示“农药行业评论家攻击的目标”应用a target for critics in the pesticide industry。故整句翻译为：Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry。
35．正因为他大学时上了书法课，他才设计出漂亮的字体。（It）（汉译英）
【答案】It was because of the calligraphy classes he took in college that he designed his beautiful typefaces.
【详解】
考查时态、定语从句和强调句。because of 因为；take classes上课； in college 在大学。本句为强调句，强调句的结构为It is/was +强调部分+that从句。强调句中有一个定语从句，句中先行词为the calligraphy classes，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which或that，也可以省略。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为It was because of the calligraphy classes he took in college that he designed his beautiful typefaces.
36．即使面对负面评论，她依然执着地追寻武术梦。（faced）（汉译英）
【答案】Though she faced the negative comments, she was still obsessed with pursuing her martial arts dreams.
【详解】
考查短语、时态和状语从句。negative comment负面评论；be obsessed with痴迷于……；pursue one’s dream追寻某人的梦；martial arts武术。though 即使，尽管，后接让步状语从句。face面对，为及物动词。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Though she faced the negative comments, she was still obsessed with pursuing her martial arts dreams.
37．第一次出国，你可能会经历文化冲击。（experience）（汉译英）
【答案】The first time you go abroad, you may experience culture shock.
【详解】
考查短语、时态和状语从句。The first time 第一次，为连词短语，引导时间状语从句。go abroad出国；culture shock文化冲击。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为The first time you go abroad, you may experience culture shock.
38．使他感到欣慰的是考试延期了。（relief）（汉译英）
【答案】To his relief, the examination was postponed.
【详解】
考查短语、时态和语态。to one’s relief令某人欣慰的是。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语the examination与postpone之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故翻译为To his relief, the examination was postponed.
39．你能流利地和母语是法语的人对话，这是真的吗？(it) （汉译英）
【答案】Is it true that you can speak fluently with people whose first language is French?
【详解】
考查名词，动词，代词，形容词，副词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“你”应用代词you；表示“能”应用情态动词can；表示“流利地”应用副词fluently；表示“母语”应用名词短语first language；表示“法语”应用名词French；表示“人”应用名词people；表示“和…对话”应用动词短语speak with；表示“这”应用所给代词it；表示“是”应用系动词be；表示“真的”应用形容词true。分析句子意思可知，句子要求用it，即做形式主语，所以表示“你能流利地和母语是法语的人对话”是真正的主语，要用主语从句的结构，句子基本成分完整，所以用连词that引导；表示“母语是法语的”是修饰“人”的，所以要写成定语从句的结构。这句话是现在的疑问，所以用一般现在时的一般疑问句结构。故翻译为Is it true that you can speak fluently with people whose first language is French?
40．最近几个月来，时令蔬菜大量上市，因其品种丰富、价格便宜，百姓的选择越来越多。(available) （汉译英）
【答案】In recent months, seasonal vegetables have been available on the market in large numbers, and people have more and more choices because of their variety and cheap prices.
【详解】
考查名词，动词，介词，形容词，连词，短语和时态。表示“最近几个月来”应用介词短语in recent months；表示“时令蔬菜”应用名词短语seasonal vegetables；表示“大量”应用介词短语in large numbers；表示“上市”应用所给形容词的短语available on the market；表示“因”应用介词短语because of；表示“品种丰富”应用名词variety；表示“价格便宜”应用名词短语cheap price的复数形式，表示泛指很多价格；表示“百姓”应用名词people；表示“选择越来越多”应用动词短语have more and more choices。句子有时间状语 “最近几个月来”，所以句子谓语用现在完成时，主语是“时令蔬菜”，指很多，是复数意义，所以助动词用have。故翻译为In recent months, seasonal vegetables have been available on the market in large numbers, and people have more and more choices because of their variety and cheap prices。
41．北京冬奥会不乏志愿者，大多数是年龄在18至25岁的年轻大学生。(lack) （汉译英）
【答案】There is no lack of volunteers for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, most of whom are young college students aged from 18 to 25.
【详解】
考查名词，动词，代词，介词，形容词，连词，短语，固定句型和时态。表示“北京冬奥会”应用专有名词the Beijing Winter Olympic Games；表示“不乏”应用固定句型There is no lack of；表示“志愿者”应用名词volunteer的复数形式，表示泛指；表示“大多数”应用代词most；表示“年龄是”应用形容词aged；表示“18至25岁”应用介词短语from 18 to 25；表示“年轻”应用形容词young；表示“大学生”应用名词短语college student的复数形式，表示泛指。分析句子意思可知，“大多数是年龄在18至25岁的年轻大学生”是用来修饰前面的名词“志愿者”，所以要用定语从句的结构；这句话是描述现在的事实，所以句子用一般现在时。故翻译为There is no lack of volunteers for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, most of whom are young college students aged from 18 to 25.
42．为了减压，可鼓励学生培养兴趣爱好。(reduce)（汉译英）
【答案】To reduce stress, students can be encouraged to develop hobbies.
【详解】
考查名词，动词，动词不定式，短语和时态。表示“为了”应用动词不定式to do；表示“减”应用动词reduce；表示“压力”应用不可数名词stress；表示“可”应用情态动词can；表示“鼓励”应用动词encourage；表示“学生”应用名词student的复数形式，表示泛指；表示“培养”应用动词develop；表示“兴趣爱好”应用名词hobby的复数，表示泛指；根据句子意思可知，动作“鼓励”没有动作发出者，只有承受者“学生”，所以要用被动句；表示“为了减压”和“培养兴趣爱好”应用动词不定式短语做目的状语。故翻译为To reduce stress, students can be encouraged to develop hobbies.