专题07 阅读六选四-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练（上海专用）

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专题07 阅读六选四（解析版）

高考考点
命题分析
备考建议
三年高考探源
考查频率
阅读六选四
试题模式：给出一篇缺少4个句子的文章，对应有六个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。
考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）
过渡性句子（文章结构）
注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）

1.段首中心法：文章/段落主题、首尾呼应、总结下文、承上启下
2.段尾总结法：结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence等词语，或发现前文的同义词句。
3.逻辑关系法：并列与递进关系：and, also, further, moreover;因果关系：so, therefore, thus, hence;转折与让步关系：however, nevertheless, though等.
4.词汇复现法：在上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
5.代词线索法：代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，利用指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异。
2021、2020、2019、2018
第67-70题
★★★

2019年上海高考英语真题
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
“Our research has shown that the No. 1 reason people become fans is that it's your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium. “I don't care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “___47___”
___48___ And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in ' 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it's easy to get swept up in the wave.
“It's phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone literally responds to their victory. ___49___ They're us, and competing on a literal level as us—a little extension of us.
Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG— Basking In Reflected Glory—to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as a verb, as in, "Seahawks' fans are currently BIRGing up a storm." The counterpoint, as coined by researchers C. R. Snyder, Mary Anne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing—Cutting Off Reflected Failure. ___50___We've all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.
This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I'm sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. It could also explain the notion of "eustress", invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria(极度愉快的心情)and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it's much of the appeal.
A. It means that different team is accessible to you.
B. Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence.
C. That identity is first and foremost.
D. The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes.
E. In that sense, your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging.
F. This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat.
【答案】47. C 48. E 49. D 50. F
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了球迷的一些行为和心态。
【47题详解】
根据上文““I don't care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said.(他说：“我不在乎一个西雅图球迷是否移居中国，只要他或她都带着他们对球队的热爱。”)”可知，上文引用了Adam Earnhardt的话，提到了他不在乎西雅图球迷是否移居中国，可知本句应当是继续说明他在乎的东西：身份。故C选项“这个身份是首要的”符合语境，故选C。
【48题详解】
根据后文“And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in ' 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it's easy to get swept up in the wave.(当一支球队开始火起来的时候，比如95年的水手队或者最近的海鹰队，大家就很容易被认同感裹挟着前进)”可知，后文提到了大家被认同感裹挟着前进，可推知本句与优秀的队伍带给人们的认同感有关，故E选项“从这个意义上说，你最喜欢的团队可以和教会和家庭起到同样的作用：培养一种归属感”符合语境，故选E。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Our testosterone literally responds to their victory.(我们的睾丸激素会对他们的胜利做出反应)”以及后文“They're us, and competing on a literal level as us—a little extension of us.(他们就是我们，就像是我们的延伸)”可知，上文提到我们会对球队的胜利有反应，后文则提到队员是我们的延伸，说明球队和我们之间存在某种联系，故D选项“我们越是跟随一个团队，我们之间的联系就越紧密”符合语境，故选D。
【50题详解】
根据上文“The counterpoint, as coined by researchers C. R. Snyder, Mary Anne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing—Cutting Off Reflected Failure.(研究人员C.R.Snyder、MaryAnneLassergard和CarolE.Ford提出了一个相反的观点，即CORFing切断反射性失败的概念)”可知，上文提到了一个概念，可推知本句承接上文进一步解释说明这一概念的意义，F选项中This指代上文CORFing。故F选项“这指的是球迷在球队失利后倾向于远离自己的球队”符合语境，故选F。

2018年上海高考英语真题
Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May Think
Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.
Magazine Benefits
Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.
The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.
By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill.___1___Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.
___2___ Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend.
Magazine Activities
Reading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.
Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:
1. Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.
2.___3___ Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.
3. Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.
___4___The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant N reader to a voracious page-turner.
A．The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects.
B．Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news.
C．Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot.
D．Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas.
E．Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children.
F．Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．D
4．E
【分析】
本文为说明文。本文讲述杂志阅读对于儿童而言比你想象的更有价值。本文让家长了解阅读杂志给儿童带来的好处，以及如何将它推荐给你的孩子。
1．
根据下一句“Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood(从小养成阅读期刊的习惯会培养阅读新闻文章的习惯，这种习惯可能会持续到成年)”可知，从小因阅读期刊而形成的阅读习惯会持续到成年，由此推知，设空处应陈述成年人习惯在报刊上阅读重要新闻，选项B. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. (杂志和报纸给成年人提供重要的新闻。)符合语境，故选B。
2．
根据下文“Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable(各种阅读水平的读者都可以获得信息，因为杂志是为任何读者而写的)”可知，杂志可以将各种各样的信息提供给各种阅读水平的读者，因此通过不同的杂志版式，儿童能够接触到各种各样的主题。A项“不同的杂志版式使儿童能够接触到各种各样的主题”符合语境。故选A。
3．
设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents. (将图片粘贴在页面顶部，让他们就正在发生的事情或图画所代表的东西写一篇故事。)”可知，本段主要讲述要保留着有趣的杂志图片，以给孩子们提供故事创意。D项“保留有趣的杂志图片，给孩子们提供故事创意”可以作为本段主旨句，picture是关键词。故选D。
4．
根据下一句“The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. (学生在阅读杂志时所运用和强化的技巧，可应用于更高层次的阅读和其他学科。)”可知，阅读杂志对儿童来说是重要和宝贵的，由此推知设空处应陈述阅读杂志对学生来说是非常重要的。选项E. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children(杂志对许多人来说是宝贵的资产，但对儿童来说尤其如此)符合语境，选项中的children呼应下文的students。故选E。

一、（2022·上海·华东师范大学第三附属中学高三阶段练习）Some of us take on second jobs to make ends meet. Some do it for a chance to do the work they actually enjoy. And some of us create our own second jobs to build a business or create our own projects. No matter what the reason, though, juggling more than one job is guaranteed to be a “crash” course in time management.
We all know that we’ll have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won’t work for anyone else. ____5____. There are a few tricks, though, that can help.
____6____. Even if you are the boss on your second job — you’re working for yourself — you have an obligation to keep that work separate from your day job. Focus on what’s in front of you. There’s actually a benefit to punching a clock when you work for more than one supervisor. When you’re on the clock for Company A, you know exactly which projects you should be working on. If Company A is paying for this time, you should be theirs, heart and soul, at least until you clock out.
Good records can also help. I’m not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on. Making sure that you have any contact information available whether you’re at Job A, Job B or home can take some extra effort, but it’s worth it. ____7____.
I know plenty of people who bring their work to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I don’t think that’s the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you don’t have your primary employer’s permission, the arrangement is secret at best. That said, these situations do happen. If you’re in one of them, the best advice is to just keep things quiet.
Some companies don’t want to work anywhere else. They want to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others consider employees who go looking for other projects as its benefits --such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences.
Unfortunately, most supervisors do not come with a label describing which variety they belong to. ____8____. So the general rule seems to be that you keep quiet on your extracurricular activities. I wouldn’t talk about Job A at Job B, although, if my boss was to bring up the matter, I’d be entirely truthful.
A．Priority should definitely be given to your day job
B．The same goes for your notes and other paperwork
C．It’s up to you to find a system and stick with it
D．Sometimes it is no easy task to make decisions between Job A and Job B
E．Keep firm dividers between your different jobs
F．It can be very hard to figure out your boss’s attitude
【答案】5．C
6．E
7．B
8．F
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当我们在从事第二份工作时，如何找到适合自己的时间管理系统的几条建议。
5．
根据空格前句子“Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won’t work for anyone else.(同样明显的事实是，对于一个人（以及他们的工作）有效的东西可能对其他人无效)”可知，不同的人或者工作，其合适的方法是不同的，所以取决于你自己去寻找一个有效的方法，并坚持下去。由此可知，C项“It’s up to you to find a system and stick with it(该由你自己去找到一个系统并坚持下去)”符合文意。故选C。
6．
根据空格后“Even if you are the boss on your second job —you’re working for yourself — you have an obligation to keep that work separate from your day job.(即使你是第二份工作的老板——你为自己工作——你也有义务把这份工作和你的日常工作分开)”可知，此段主要讲述即使自己创业，也要把不同的工作区分开。由此可知，E项“Keep firm dividers between your different jobs.(在不同的工作之间保持牢固的界限)”符合文意。故选E。
7．
根据该段第一句“Good records can also help. I’m not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on.(好的记录也有帮助。我说的不只是我们大多数人依赖的日历和任务列表)”可知，该段主要讲述记录的重要性。由此可知，B项“The same goes for your notes and other paperwork.(你的笔记和其他文书工作也是如此)”符合文意。故选B。
8．
根据最后一段“Unfortunately, most supervisors do not come with a label describing which variety they belong to.(不幸的是，大多数主管都没有一个标签来描述他们属于哪种类型)”可知，大部分公司不会明确表态是否支持员工找兼职，老板的态度很难捉摸，所以最好就是保持沉默，不要告诉别人你的兼职工作。由此可知，F项“It can be very hard to figure out your boss’s attitude.(想要弄清楚你老板的态度是非常困难的)”符合文意。故选F。
二、 （2022·上海杨浦·二模）
Flight Shaming: stay on the ground
For the environmentally conscious, boarding a flight can be a source of mild stress or guilt, considering the large amounts of carbon footprint that comes with it. ____9____
Flight shaming, or flygskam, is a movement that originated in Sweden in 2017. Back then, singer Staffan Lindberg declared his intention to give up flying to and from his concerts in favor of travel by train, bus, car, or boat. ____10____ Before long, a substantial portion of the general public had happily jumped on board. The following year, the hashtag # jagstannarpamarken—which translates as # stayontheground started gaining popularity on the Internet, and by 2019, annual air travel in Sweden had fallen by 5%.
Although “shame” has a relatively negative meaning associated with it, the overall outcome of the flight shaming movement has been undeniably positive. No longer restricted to Sweden alone, the trend has spread throughout Europe. ____11____ Besides, the movement is less about shaming other people out of flying than it is about changing one’s own travel habits for the benefits of the Earth.
An interesting side effect of the flight shaming movement is that those who observe it often rediscover the novelty of slow, purposeful travel. When traveling by land, one can take in the variety of sights, sounds, and smells along the way. ____12____ Without doubt, travelers willing to take on the challenge of flygskam have the opportunity to experience local culture in ways that passengers flying thousands of miles above could only dream of.
A．More and more Europeans are now choosing to travel by land or sea whenever possible.
B．However, airlines in Europe also have warned of the harmful effects of the flight shaming movement.
C．In addition, travelers are more likely to discover interesting new restaurants and hotels, and get a chance to interact with the locals.
D．A new anti-flying movement known as “flight shaming” is giving Earth-loving travelers a way of shaking off their guilt while still experiencing the joys of domestic and international travel.
E．It’s a way of revisiting holiday travel plan, including your accommodations while protecting the environment.
F．Other local celebrities, including environmental icon Greta Thunberg, followed suit.
【答案】9．D
10．F
11．A
12．C
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了起源于瑞典的“飞行羞耻”运动及这项运动的意义。
9．
根据上文“For the environmentally conscious, boarding a flight can be a source of mild stress or guilt, considering the large amounts of carbon footprint that comes with it. (对于有环保意识的人来说，考虑到随之而来的大量碳足迹，登机可能会带来轻微的压力或负罪感。)”可知，上文介绍了乘坐飞机会给有环保意识的人带来轻微的压力或负罪感，根据下文“Flight shaming, or flygskam, is a movement that originated in Sweden in 2017. (飞行羞耻运动起源于2017年的瑞典。)”可知，下文介绍了一项名为“飞行羞耻”的运动，D项意为“一个被称为“飞行羞耻”的新反飞行运动正在为热爱地球的旅行者提供一种摆脱罪恶感的方式，同时仍能体验国内外旅行的乐趣。”选项能够承接上文，并引出下文提到的“飞行羞耻”运动，选项中的“Flight shaming”和下文的“Flight shaming”相呼应。故选D。
10．
根据上文“Back then, singer Staffan Lindberg declared his intention to give up flying to and from his concerts in favor of travel by train, bus, car, or boat. (当时，歌手Staffan Lindberg宣布，他打算放弃往返音乐会的飞行，赞成火车、公共汽车、汽车或轮船旅行。)”可知，上文介绍了明星对“飞行羞耻”运动的支持，F项意为“其他当地名人，包括环保偶像Greta Thunberg，也纷纷效仿。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了其他支持“飞行羞耻”运动的名人。故选F。
11．
根据上文“No longer restricted to Sweden alone, the trend has spread throughout Europe. (这一趋势已不再局限于瑞典，而是蔓延到整个欧洲。)”可知，“飞行羞耻”运动已经蔓延到整个欧洲，A项意为“现在，越来越多的欧洲人尽可能选择陆路或海上旅行。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了欧洲人对“飞行羞耻”运动的支持。故选A。
12．
根据上文“When traveling by land, one can take in the variety of sights, sounds, and smells along the way. (当你在陆地上旅行时，你可以沿途欣赏各种各样的风景、声音和气味。)”可知，上文介绍了陆路旅行的好处，C项意为“此外，游客更有可能发现有趣的新餐厅和酒店，并有机会与当地人互动。”选项能够承接上文，进一步介绍了陆路旅行的好处，游客更有可能发现有趣的新餐厅和酒店，并有机会与当地人互动。故选C。
三、（2022·上海市第二中学模拟预测）Songbirds and coffee farms in Central America. Ladybugs and soybean fields in the Midwest. These are well-known, win-win stories of how conserving natural habitat can benefit farmers.
But an international team of scientists found that natural habitat surrounding farm fields is not always an effective pest-control tool for farmers worldwide. Their analysis, led by researchers at UC Davis, appears in the latest edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Among the dozens of scientists who contributed their field research databases to the analysis are two UC Santa Cruz professors of environmental studies: Stacy Philpott and Deborah Letourneau.
“____13____ When you have more natural habitat around farm fields you get more enemies of the crop pests, and these enemies will control the pests and provide a benefit to growers,” said lead author Daniel Karp, an assistant professor in the UC Davis Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology.
____14____ Together, they compiled the largest pest-control dataset of its kind, including132 studies from more than 6,700 sites in 31 countries worldwide — from California farmlands to tropical cacao plantations and European wheat fields.
Surprisingly, the results were highly variable across the globe. While many of the studies showed surrounding natural habitat does indeed help farmers control pests, just as many showed negative effects on crop yields. ____15____
“This paper isn’t telling farmers to clear habitat by any means,” Karp said. “There may be a lot of other benefits from natural habitat, such as pollination or carbon sequestration. But we need to be forthright about knowing when habitat conservation will be advantageous in terms of pests and when other means of pest control are needed.”
____16____ Karp and his team of 153 co-authors have made it publicly available, opening the door for further scientific insights.
       “This shows the power of collaboration in scientific research,” noted Philpott. “Many of us were surprised by the findings. Now, we will be able to continue the investigation, learn more, and hopefully be able to predict when surrounding habitat helps control pests and when it doesn’t.”
A．To test that assumption, Karp organized an international team of ecologists, economists and practitioners.
B．The strength of the findings is rooted in part in the size of the pest-control database.
C．Ecologists consider maintaining noncrop habitat to be a win–win for farmers and for conservation.
D．The analysis indicates that there are no one-size-fits-all recommendations for growers about natural habitat and pests.
E．A widespread assumption existed among ecologists.
F．We hope to move toward more sustainable land and pest management.
【答案】13．E
14．A
15．B
16．D
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了《美国国家科学院院刊》的一篇研究成果：一个国际团队通过对同类中最大的害虫控制数据集，包括来自全世界31个国家超过6700个地点的132项研究的实地研究数据库，进行分析研究，发现农田周围的自然栖息地确实有助于农民控制害虫，但也有许多研究显示，它们对农作物产量有负面影响。
13．
设空处在段首，由下文“When you have more natural habitat around farm fields you get more enemies of the crop pests, and these enemies will control the pests and provide a benefit to growers (当你在农田周围有更多的自然栖息地，你就会有更多的农作物害虫的敌人，这些敌人会控制害虫，为种植者提供利益)”可知，此处具体解释了一种假设；E项“A widespread assumption existed among ecologists. (生态学家之间存在着一种普遍的假设)”符合，引起下文，下文对这一假设进行了解释。故选E项。
14．
设空处在段首，上文提及生态学家之间存在的假设；A项“To test that assumption, Karp organized an international team of ecologists, economists and practitioners. (为了验证这一假设，卡普组织了一个由生态学家、经济学家和实践者组成的国际团队。)”，承接上文，且下文“Together, they compiled the largest pest-control dataset of its kind, including132 studies from more than 6,700 sites in 31 countries worldwide (他们汇集了同类中最大的害虫控制数据集，包括来自全世界31个国家6700多个地点的132项研究)”的they指代A项中的“an international team of ecologists, economists and practitioners”。所以A项承上启下，衔接连贯。故选A项。
15．
上文“Surprisingly, the results were highly variable across the globe. While many of the studies showed surrounding natural habitat does indeed help farmers control pests, just as many showed negative effects on crop yields. (令人惊讶的是，结果在全球范围内差异很大。虽然许多研究表明，周围的自然栖息地确实有助于农民控制害虫，但也有许多研究显示，它们对农作物产量有负面影响。)”，此段表述了不同的研究结果，设空处在段尾，B项“The strength of the findings is rooted in part in the size of the pest-control database. (研究结果的说服力部分源于虫害控制数据库的规模)”符合，B项中的findings与上文results相呼应，B项中提供了数据源，来证明研究发现的可靠性。句意连贯，故选B项。
16．
设空处在段首，下文“Karp and his team of 153 co-authors have made it publicly available, opening the door for further scientific insights.(普和他的153位共同作者团队已经将其公开，为进一步的科学研究打开了大门)”，根据第二段“Their analysis, led by researchers at UC Davis, appears in the latest edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). (他们的分析由加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员领导，发表在最新一期的《美国国家科学院院刊》上。)”可知，研究团队公开了分析；D项“The analysis indicates that there are no one-size-fits-all recommendations for growers about natural habitat and pests.(分析表明，关于自然栖息地和害虫，并没有放之四海而皆准的建议。)”符合，下文的it指代的是设空处的analysis。语意连贯，故选D项。
四、He was wandering in a rice field of dreams. ____17____ After walking a while he lay down in the leaf-shade with a friend, quite hidden. A rest was a good idea, because the wonder-plants went on and on. In fact, they covered the world.
Then Yuan Longping woke up, laughing. ____18____. But they still deserved their name of super rice. The leaves were straighter and taller than ordinary, and the grains plumper. They had all the vigor of the wild strain that he and his team had found after much searching and had cross-bred, over careful years, with the domesticated variety.
The figures spoke for themselves. ____19____. In Yunnan province more than 17000 kilograms had been produced per hectare. China’s rice crop had risen from 57m tonnes in 1950 to 195m in 2017; from food deficiency, to food security. Higher rice-yields allowed farmers to turn more land to other uses-fruit, vegetables, fishponds-so that people ate more and well.
For this he won the Medal of the Republic, China’s highest, and the World Food Prize. An asteroid was named after him. There was talk of the Nobel, too. ____20____. Though he was rich, from his shares in a seed company that used his name, he looked like a peasant, thin as a twig, with his face leathered by sun and his big hands rough from “playing in the mud” all day.
He was far happier in his short-sleeved work-shirts, out in his rice, or stripped off swimming in any wild river he could find, than in a tang suit in some conference hall.
A．Nothing but the continuous development of his beloved country seemed to attract him
B．With his new hybrid rice the annual yield was 20-30% higher, so at least 60m more people could be fed every year.
C．His dreams focused on his people and his country, where all enjoyed food and wealth.
D．All that seemed just smoke to him.
E．The plants were taller than men. Each grain is as big as a peanut.
F．The rice plants he had tended for decades at Anjiang and then Changsha, sowing and nurturing them, visiting daily on his motorbike to inspect them, were not quite there yet.
【答案】17．E
18．F
19．B
20．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平先生。
17．
根据后句“After walking a while he lay down in the leaf-shade with a friend, quite hidden. A rest was a good idea, because the wonder-plants went on and on.”（走了一会儿，他和一个朋友躺在叶荫下，很隐蔽。休息一下是个好主意，因为这些神奇的植物不停地生长。），E项：这些植物比人高。每粒谷物都有花生那么大，后句承接E项，说明植物不停地生长及其特点。故选E。
18．
根据后句“But they still deserved their name of super rice.”（但它们仍然当之无愧地获得了超级稻的称号），F项：几十年来，他先后在安江和长沙照料水稻，播种和培育，每天骑着摩托车来视察，但这些水稻还没有长成，由but可知，前后句之间为转折关系，F项说明这些水稻还没有长成和后句构成转折关系。故选F。
19．
根据后句“In Yunnan province more than 17000 kilograms had been produced per hectare. China’s rice crop had risen from 57m tonnes in 1950 to 195m in 2017”（在云南省，每公顷产量超过17000公斤。中国的水稻产量已从1950年的5700万吨增至2017年的1.95亿吨），B项：有了他的新杂交水稻，年产量提高了20-30%，因此每年至少可以多养活6000万人，后句承接B项具体说明新杂交水稻使年产量得到提高。故选B。
20．
根据上句“For this he won the Medal of the Republic, China’s highest, and the World Food Prize. An asteroid was named after him. There was talk of the Nobel, too”（为此，他获得了中国最高的共和国勋章和世界粮食奖。一颗小行星以他的名字命名。还有关于诺贝尔奖的讨论），D项：对他来说，这一切都只是烟雾，D项承接上句，说明袁隆平先生并不注重这些。故选D。
五、（2022·上海市实验学校高三阶段练习）I still occasionally find myself amazed at the details our ears and brains can pick up on. My quiet work time was recently interrupted by a person in the room next door. I couldn’t see them, but I knew exactly what they were doing: cracking their knuckles(指关节). It’s such a distinctive sound, but what’s really surprising is that it’s so loud. The sound generated is noticeably different from that of creaking hips or knees--it’s specific to fingers. What’s going on? Joint cracking is the sort of thing that everyone has an opinion on and mine is: I can’t do it, and I wouldn’t want to. I have occasionally made the mistake of mentioning this during talks to school kids. ____21____
The usual suspect in the infraction is the joint at the base of each finger. People pull their finger away from the rest of their hand until there’s a deep, muffled click. When medical imaging finally improved to the point where it could spy on the inside of a finger during the process, the true culprit was revealed: a bubble.
At the joint, one bone has a curved bulge(凸起)which sits snugly in a shallow cup forming the base of the next bone up. ____22____ It’s viscous and sticky, and it keeps the joint running smoothly. If you pull on a finger this gap gets gradually wider so that the fluid is now in tension because it’s pulled in both directions.
For those with the right sort of joint to make the cracking sound, the drama is sudden. X-rays and MRI scans show that at the moment of cracking, a gas-filled cavity pops into existence in the synovial fluid(滑液)，relieving the tension in the liquid. Gas which had been dissolved in the liquid comes rushing in to fill this new gap. Once the bubble exists, it just sits there until the gas redissolves into the surrounding liquid. ____23____ A bubble already exists, and it’s easy to stretch it as the joint extends without making another one.
____24____ This has been revealed, both by systematic scientific studies and by allergist Donald L. Unger. For his lifelong effort on the subject, Dr. Unger was awarded the 2009Ig Nobel Prize. As a child Dr. Unger was criticized for his cracking habits, so he conducted his own stubborn experiment, cracking the knuckles on his right hand--but not on his left-every day for 60 years. By the time he was 83, neither hand had arthritis. But the dissenting relatives were mostly long gone, depriving him of his “I told you so” moment.
A．This is why you can’t crack a knuckle twice in a row.
B．Bubbles are extremely efficient at making sound, which explains the loudness.
C．Gas bubbles in finger joints make the annoying sound, but it’s unclear why some people form them and others don’t.
D．The reliable result is a deafening flood of clicks as 500 children succumb to irresistible temptation.
E．The space in between them is around a 10th of an inch wide and filled with synovial fluid, the body’s equivalent of engine oil.
F．Most joint crackers have perfectly healthy joints, although there has been a persistent myth that regular joint-cracking can cause arthritis(关节炎)
【答案】21．D
22．E
23．A
24．F
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了孩子们掰关节的现象，关节掰动的机制和解释人们的误解。
21．
根据前文“I have occasionally made the mistake of mentioning this during talks to school kids.   (我偶尔会在与学生的谈话中错误地提到这一点。)”可知，下文介绍作者错误地提及所造成的后果。D选项“The reliable result is a deafening flood of clicks as 500 children succumb to irresistible temptation.(可靠的结果是，当500个孩子屈服于不可抗拒的诱惑时，一股震耳欲聋的卡嗒声洪流涌了出来。)”符合题意。故选D。
22．
根据后文“It’s viscous and sticky, and it keeps the joint running smoothly.(它又粘又粘，能使关节顺畅地运转。)”可知，本段介绍的是关节的润滑作用机制。E选项“The space in between them is around a 10th of an inch wide and filled with synovial fluid, the body’s equivalent of engine oil.(它们之间的空间大约是十分之一英寸宽，充满了滑液，相当于身体的发动机油。)”解释了关节润滑液的作用。故选E。
23．
根据前文“Once the bubble exists, it just sits there until the gas redissolves into the surrounding liquid.(一旦气泡存在，它就会一直呆在那里，直到气体重新溶解到周围的液体中。)”可知，这里解释了不能连续掰关节两次的原因。A选项“This is why you can’t crack a knuckle twice in a row.(这就是为什么你不能连续掰关节两次的原因。）”解释其原因。故选A。
24．
根据后文“By the time he was 83, neither hand had arthritis. But the dissenting relatives were mostly long gone, depriving him of his “I told you so” moment.(83岁时，他的两只手都没有患上关节炎。但持不同意见的亲戚大多早已离去，剥夺了他“我早告诉过你”的机会。)”可知，本段是更正大家对于经常的关节断裂会导致关节炎的误解。F选项“Most joint crackers have perfectly healthy joints, although there has been a persistent myth that regular joint-cracking can cause arthritis.(大多数关节断裂都有非常健康的关节，尽管有一个持久的误解，认为经常的关节断裂会导致关节炎。)”符合题意。故选F。
六、（2022·上海交大附中阶段练）Twenty years ago, the Urban Land Institute defined the two types of cities that dominated the US landscape: smaller cities that operated around standard 9-5 business hours and large metropolitan areas that ran all 24 hours of the day.
In recent years, many mid-sized cities have begun to adopt a middle-of-the-road approach incorporating the excitement and opportunity of large cities with small cities’ quiet after midnight. ____25____ What is underlying this new movement in real estate, and why do these cities have so much appeal?
18-hour cities combine the best of 24-hour and 9-5 cities, which contributes to downtown revitalization. For decades, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by workers who lived in the suburbs. ____26____ This generated little commerce for downtown businesses in the evenings, which made business and generating tax revenue for municipal upkeep difficult. With the rise of a new concept in urban planning that aims to make life easier and more convenient, however, increasing popularity for urban areas that caused the real estate pushes, in major cities like San Francisco or New York, has inspired a type of forward-thinking urbanity in smaller cities.
Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modern housing and improved walkability to local restaurants, retail, and entertainment — especially when combined with improved infrastructure for cyclists and public transit — makes them appeal to a more affluent demographic. ____27____ Access to foot traffic and proximity to transit allow the type of entertainment-oriented businesses such as bars and restaurants to stay open later, which attracts both younger, creative workers and baby boomers, nearing retirement alike.
These 18-hour cities are rapidly on the rise and offer great opportunities for homeowner investment. In many of these cities such as Denver, a diverse and vigorous economy attracted to the urban core has offered stable employment for residents. ____28____
A．Because of their smaller size, most keep hours that allow people to enjoy themselves, then have some quiet after midnight.
B．These 18-hour cities are beginning to make waves in real estate rankings and attract more real estate investment.
C．Analyzing and comparing cities using the lens of this basic divide gives interesting context to how investment capital flows and housing prices have shifted.
D．These adjustments encourage employers in the knowledge and talent industries to keep their offices downtown.
E．The right urban mix has propped up home occupancy, increased property values, and attracted significant investment capital.
F．Movement out of city centers was widespread, and downtown tenants were predominantly made up of the working poor.
【答案】25．B
26．F
27．D
28．E
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的城市——18小时城市，以及其出现的背景和优势。
25．
根据第一段的“smaller cities that operated around standard 9-5 business hours and large metropolitan areas that ran all 24 hours of the day.(小城市的标准工作时间是朝九晚五，大城市则全天24小时营业)”和上文“In recent years, many mid-sized cities have begun to adopt a middle-of-the-road approach incorporating the excitement and opportunity of large cities with small cities’ quiet after midnight.(近年来，许多中等城市开始采取中间路线，把大城市的兴奋和机遇与小城市午夜后的安静结合起来)”可知，最近出现了一种新的城市，在那里人们既可以享受小城市的宁静，又可以体验大城市的繁华。B项“这些18小时的城市开始在房地产排名上掀起波澜，吸引更多的房地产投资”符合题意，且下文也提到了18-hour cities。故选B。
26．
根据上文“For decades, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by workers who lived in the suburbs.(几十年来，许多中小城市的市中心在下班后被住在郊区的工人抛弃)”可知，近十年出现了一种现象，那就是人们搬离市中心。F项“迁出市中心的现象很普遍，市中心的租户主要由贫穷的工薪阶层组成”符合题意，选项中的movement out of city centers呼应上文的many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned。故选F。
27．
根据上文“Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modern housing and improved walkability to local restaurants, retail, and entertainment — especially when combined with improved infrastructure for cyclists and public transit — makes them appeal to a more affluent demographic.(改造市中心地区，使其融入现代住房和改善的步行性，并与当地的餐馆、零售和娱乐结合起来——特别是当与改善的骑自行车的基础设施和公共交通相结合时——使其对更富裕的人口具有吸引力)”可知，上文介绍了一系列改善城市中心区域的措施。由此推知，下文陈述这些措施将会带来什么样的结果。D项“这些调整鼓励知识和人才行业的雇主将办公室设在市中心”符合题意，选项中的these adjustments指代上文提到的各种改善措施。故选D。
28．
空处位于文末，应承接上文。根据上文“These 18-hour cities are rapidly on the rise and offer great opportunities for homeowner investment. In many of these cities such as Denver, a diverse and vigorous economy attracted to the urban core has offered stable employment for residents. (这些18小时车程的城市正在迅速崛起，为房主投资提供了巨大的机会。在许多像丹佛这样的城市，城市核心吸引了多样化和充满活力的经济，为居民提供了稳定的就业机会)”可知，18小时城市在经济、就业和稳定性方面带来了好处。由此推知，下文承接上文，继续陈述18小时城市的好处。E项“正确的城市组合提高了住房入住率，提高了房地产价值，并吸引了大量投资资本”符合题意。故选E。
七、（2022·上海·位育中学）A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.   ____29____
Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable — destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. ____30____ . That means harmful materials may get into our food supply.
____31____ . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.
The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. ____32____And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.
A．But people can make a big difference.
B．Plastics should be gathered together and reused.
C．Then, fish may eat the plastics.
D．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.
E．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use.
F．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.
【答案】29．F
30．C
31．A
32．E
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文叙述了塑料是如何进入海洋并危害海洋生物和人类的，呼吁人们和公司采取措施来保护我们的环境。
29．
由上文“A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. (一份新报告称，塑料对海洋和海底环境造成了130亿美元的损害。这些发现最近在联合国的一次会议上公布)”可知，F选项“报告讲述了塑料对海洋生物的危害以及可能采取的措施来改善这种状况。”切题，承接上文，进一步阐释该报告的内容。故选F项。
30．
由上文“The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. (海洋中含有许多化学物质和其他污染物)”和下文“That means harmful materials may get into our food supply. (这意味着有害物质可能进入我们的食物供应)”可知，该空叙述海洋污染和人类食物污染之间的关系，即我们的食物来源鱼类有可能吃到塑料，承接下文，C选项“然后，鱼可能会吃掉塑料。”切题。故选C项。
31．
由下文“Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products.(人类造成了污染，他们可以采取措施阻止污染。他们可以使用更少的一次性产品容器，并正确地丢弃塑料。塑料回收项目也起作用——旧瓶子和其他塑料被收集、分解并用来制造新产品)”可知，A选项“但是人们可以做出很大的改变。”总领该段并与上文形成转折，承接下文讲人类应该如何做才能减少塑料对海洋及海洋环境的污染。故选A项。
32．
由上文“The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. (报告还呼吁企业改进塑料的使用方法)”和下文“And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. (它还呼吁人们了解塑料被扔出或停止使用的方式。通过赋予塑料新的价值，工业有一个特殊的理由来清洁环境。但所有的公司都必须加入进来解决这个问题)”可知，本段重在阐释该报告对各个公司在合理使用塑料方面的要求，承接上下文，E选项“它要求他们更好地测量和指导塑料的使用。”中的“It”和“them”分别指代上文的“The report”和“companies”。故选E项。