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第三部分 概要写作
专项02 强化训练
Passage 1
Hacking our senses to boost learning power
Was your school noisy or peaceful？It might not seem important，but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning，performance and creativity.There is certainly some well-established research to suggest that some noises can have a harmful effect on learning.Numerous studies over the past 15 years have found that children attending schools under the flight paths of large airports lag behind in their exam results.
But general noise seems to have an effect too. Bridget Shield，a professor of acoustics at London South Bank University，and Julie Dockrell，now at the Institute of Education，have been conducting studies on the effects of all sorts of noises，such as traffic and sirens，as well as noise generated by the children themselves.When they recreated those particular sounds in an experimental setting while children completed various cognitive tasks，they found a significant negative effect on exam scores.“Everything points to a harmful impact of the noise on children's performance，in numeracy（计算能力），in literacy，and in spelling，”says Shield.The noise seemed to have an especially harmful effect on children with special needs.
Shield says the sound of"babble"---the chatter of other children，is particularly distracting in the classroom.“People are very distracted by speech---particularly if it's understandable，but you're not involved in it."This phenomenon is also known as the irrelevant speech effect，she says，adding that“it's a very common finding in open-plan offices as well."
Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is and the volume. In a series of studies published last year，Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and colleagues tested people's creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises---such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling---at different volumes.They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise，however，damaged their creativity.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】One possible version:
Recent studies have found that general noises can affect learning performance and creativity in addition to certain noises. All kinds of noises can be distracting and influence exam scores. Depending on their type and volume, background noises can be good or bad. Noises played at a medium level is thought to be better for people.
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了噪音对学习的影响主要取决于类型和音量大小。中等音量的噪音被认为对人是有好处的。
【详解】
1. 要点摘录
（1）It might not seem important，but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning，performance and creativity.
（2）But general noise seems to have an effect too.
（3）Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is and the volume.
（4）They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low.
2. 缜密构思
将（1）,（2）,（3）,（4）点按照顺序，通过连接词及其他过渡短语有条理地结合起来。
3. 遣词造句
Besides certain noises, recent studies find that general noises can have some effect on learning performances.
Noises can have positive or negative effect based on their type and volume.
When exposed to medium noises, people can perform better.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】
Depending on their type and volume, background noises can be good or bad. (非谓语动词短语depending on their type and volume在句中做状语，它将原文的depend on what kind of noise it is做宾语替换成了此处的非谓语动词短语做状语。）
【高分句型2】
Noises played at a medium level is thought to be better for people.（played at a medium level 非谓语动词短语做定语修饰前面的名词noises。替换了原句的时间状语从句when the background noises were played at a medium level 。）
Passage 2
Have you ever made a promise to yourself that you didn’t keep? Commonly, when the new year ticks over, we make resolutions: going to the gym, studying harder or giving up a bad habit. Sadly, not long after we’ve made the promise, we often end up breaking them. But what if you want to create a new good habit? Well, it’s possible, but willpower might not be the only thing you need.
The basic idea of a habit is something we do almost unconsciously. An example of this would be having breakfast or saying ‘please’ and ‘thank you’. Good habits can be part of your daily routine. But if we don’t have those habits, how can we create them? According to a study published by the European Journal of Social Psychology, it takes an average of 66 days to form a new habit. However, relying only on determination may not be the answer.
Questioning why you want something to be the norm（常态） rather than relying on your resolve could be the key. Do you want to lose weight because you want to be healthier or feel more attractive? The issue is, willpower could be subject to your mood – a bad mood may mean you don’t want to do something.
You should also avoid trying to change too much at once – remember that it’s a case of baby steps. Giving up all your favourite foods, going to the gym, and stopping drinking at the same time will probably result in failure rather than sustainable practice. And don’t worry about failing – just start again!
Finally, don’t do things outside your comfort zone. If you hate mushrooms, don’t persevere and try to add them to your diet just to be healthier. Eat something you like! It might not be quick, but if you follow these tips, you may be able to change something for the better or kick a bad habit.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It is hard to stick to our resolutions, which is the same case with forming a good habit. Good habits rely on more than determination. More importantly, we need to consider the reason for our desire for a good habit. Furthermore，to accept gradual change and failures also counts. Additionally, it is not advised to push ourselves out of the comfort zone. Thus, we are likely to develop a good habit.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍养成一个新的好习惯的方法。根据《欧洲社会心理学杂志》发表的一项研究，形成一个新习惯平均需要66天。然而，仅仅依靠决心可能不是答案。
【详解】
1 要点摘录 （1）Commonly, when the new year ticks over, we make resolutions: going to the gym, studying harder or giving up a bad habit. Sadly, not long after we’ve made the promise, we often end up breaking them. （2）The basic idea of a habit is something we do almost unconsciously. However, relying only on determination may not be the answer. （3）Questioning why you want something to be the norm（常态） rather than relying on your resolve could be the key. （4）You should also avoid trying to change too much at once – remember that it’s a case of baby steps. （5）Finally, don’t do things outside your comfort zone.
2.缜密构思 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句 It is hard to stick to our resolutions, which is the same case with forming a good habit. Good habits rely on more than determination. More importantly, we need to consider the reason for our desire for a good habit. Additionally, it is not advised to push ourselves out of the comfort zone. Thus, we are likely to develop a good habit.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] It is hard to stick to our resolutions, which is the same case with forming a good habit.句中运用which引导的非限制性定语从句。
[高分句型2] Furthermore，to accept gradual change and failures also counts. 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。其中count的意思是“重要，关键”。
[高分句型3] Additionally, it is not advised to push ourselves out of the comfort zone.句中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
Passage 3
What Makes an Ideal Friend?
To say what an ideal friend is is not the easiest thing to do. Each person has his or her own opinion of what one would be. However, speaking generally, there are certain features that most people consider characteristic of an ideal friend. Loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are common qualities that the majority of people attach to ideal friends.
Loyalty is a usual quality given to ideal friends. According to Psychology Today, “Loyalty is valued early on in all of our relationships, from the time we make our first friendships. We need friends who won’t spill our secrets to others, gossip about us, or allow others to criticize us”. The worst action between friends is not keeping one’s word.
Ideal friends are also usually referred to as being trustworthy. In a statement by Psychology Today, they say that, “Trustworthiness is often the “make or break” element in any interpersonal relationship. Any unfaithful action, regardless of recognized degree, can destroy a relationship. Trustworthiness consists of several elements, including honesty, dependability, and loyalty, and while each is important to successful relationships, honesty and dependability have been identified as the most vital in the area of friendships”. In light of this, a universal complaint of friends is a lack of honesty, and this is at the heart of being trustworthy.
In line with being honest is also the ability to show one’s weaknesses. According to the Book of Life, “The ideal friend doesn’t try to prove how powerful and successful they are; on the contrary, quite often they let us know awkward and potentially embarrassing things about themselves. They show how much they trust us by confessing failings and sorrows which would open them up to possible disgrace from the world beyond. They offer us the gift of their defenselessness”. That openness is treasured, as to be close to an individual, one must be willing to share his or her true feelings and states.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Being loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend. Exactly speaking, an ideal friend should remain faithful first. Secondly, honest and dependable. Finally, he/she is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends. 43 words
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明怎样才能成为一个理想的朋友，以及朋友应该具备的品质。
【详解】
1 要点摘录 ①Loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are common qualities that the majority of people attach to ideal friends.
②Loyalty is a usual quality given to ideal friends.
③Ideal friends are also usually referred to as being trustworthy.
④In line with being honest is also the ability to show one’s weaknesses.
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Being loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend.
Exactly speaking, an ideal friend should remain faithful first.
Secondly, honest and dependable.
Finally, he/she is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Being loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend.句中使用动名词作主语，用一个简单句对第一段内容进行概括。
[高分句型2] Finally, he/she is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends.副词修饰整个句子，用一个简单句对原文最后一段内容进行概括。
Passage 4
Brain typing
When you move, sense, speak or do just about anything, your brain generates a specific corresponding pattern of electrical activity. Brain typing under development can use these impulses to restore movement in some who have paralysis, a loss of control of the body caused by an injury to the nerves.
This advanced brain implant can let individuals with impaired limb movement create text using the mind-no hands needed. Such technology could potentially benefit millions of people worldwide who cannot type or speak because of impaired limbs or vocal muscles. But this technique let people generate just 40 characters per minute, far lower than the average keyboard typing speed or roughly 190.
Thus, some scientists have a hesitation about this new research: while restoring communication via written letters is intuitive, it may not be the most efficient efficient means of doing so. “Why not teach the person a new language based on simpler elementary gestures?” One of them asks, “This could both boost the speed of communication and, crucially, decrease the mental effort and attention needed. “
For now, Willett, a research scientist, is focusing on brain typing together with his team. He admits that analyzing what someone intends to say is still a major challenge facing researchers, given that individuals generate speech more quickly than they write or type. “It's been a hard problem to decode speech with enough accuracy and vocabulary size to allow people to have a general conversation.” Willett says. “But we' re now excited that we can decode handwriting very accurately. That is a great breakthrough.”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Brain typing uses brain electrical activities to help the disabled to text without using their hands,despite its low speed. Thus, some scientists hold a reservation about this technology and suggest a new language instead. But the scientists in brain typing insist that though the obstacle does exist, they have made a breakthrough in decoding. This technology will be available in the near future.
【分析】
本文是一篇科普类说明文。文章介绍脑电波打字技术，通过这种技术来帮助残疾人不用手就能发短信，但速度很慢。因此，一些科学家对其持保留态度，建议使用一种新的语言。但研究脑电波打字的科学家们坚持认为，尽管障碍确实存在，但他们已经在解码方面取得了突破。这项技术在不久的将来就会成为现实。
【详解】
1.要点摘录①This advanced brain implant can let individuals with impaired limb movement create text using the mind-no hands needed.
②But this technique let people generate just 40 characters per minute, far lower than the average keyboard typing speed or roughly 190.
③Thus, some scientists have a hesitation about this new research: while restoring communication via written letters is intuitive, it may not be the most efficient efficient means of doing so.“Why not teach the person a new language based on simpler elementary gestures?”
④But we' re now excited that we can decode handwriting very accurately. That is a great breakthrough.”
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句Brain typing uses brain electrical activities to help the disabled to text without using their hands despite its low speed.
Some scientists hold a reservation about this technology and suggest a new language instead.
But the scientists in brain typing insist that though the obstacle does exist, they have made a breakthrough in decoding.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] As a senior year student，it's necessary to visit would-be colleges near where you live before attending them for seeing is believing.运用it形式主语，不定式做真正主语。
[高分句型2]But the scientists in brain typing insist that though the obstacle does exist, they have made a breakthrough in decoding.用but连接的转折意思的并列句型和宾语从句。
Passage 5
The protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines declines after four to six months, a large United Kingdom study has found. Researchers from health science company ZOE, a spin-out from King’s College London, recently have found that a full course of the Pfizer vaccine was 88 percent effective at preventing infection after one month, and this protection fell to 74 percent after five to six months.
Tim Spector, a professor of genetic epidemiology who led the research, said that the data is broadly consistent with various other studies on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy over time, including a recent survey from Oxford University that found protection from the Pfizer and AstraZeneca jabs against the Delta variant weakened within three months.
However, Simon Clarke, an associate professor in microbiology at Reading University, who was not involved in the research, said the claim that protection may dip below 50 percent this year “is not based on any strong analysis of data” and seems “more like a finger in the air prediction”.
“Immunity is a complex process and we cannot assume people’s immunity will fade at a uniform rate over time,” Clarke said.
Peter English, a former chairman of the British Medical Association’s Public Health Medicine Committee, who was not involved in the research, said that the data is limited as it did not provide information about vaccine efficacy at preventing severe disease.
“There is a world of difference between efficacy against, on the one hand, any infection and on the other hand, illness severe enough to require hospitalization, critical care, or to cause death,” English said.
Spector said that, in light of the new research, “we urgently need to make plans for vaccine boosters”, or third shots aimed at combating fading immunity. He told the BBC that these shots should be reserved for certain groups, and that a widespread booster campaign would be a “huge waste” and “ethically dubious”.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】A new study has found the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines will decline as time goes by. The finding is backed by other studies. However, the unscientific analysis of data and limitation for lack of information regarding vaccine efficacy at severe disease prevention have cast doubt on this finding. Despite these, it is recommended to boost vaccine injections among certain groups.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项新的研究发现，随着时间的推移，COVID-19疫苗的效力将会下降。 这一发现得到了其他研究的支持。然而，数据的不科学分析和疫苗在严重疾病预防中的功效信息的缺乏，使这一发现受到质疑。尽管如此，还是建议在某些群体中增加疫苗注射。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①The protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines declines after four to six months, a large United Kingdom study has found.
②Tim Spector, a professor of genetic epidemiology who led the research, said that the data is broadly consistent with various other studies on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy over time, including a recent survey from Oxford University that found protection from the Pfizer and AstraZeneca jabs against the Delta variant weakened within three months.
③However, Simon Clarke, an associate professor in microbiology at Reading University, who was not involved in the research, said the claim that protection may dip below 50 percent this year “is not based on any strong analysis of data” and seems “more like a finger in the air prediction”. Peter English, a former chairman of the British Medical Association’s Public Health Medicine Committee, who was not involved in the research, said that the data is limited as it did not provide information about vaccine efficacy at preventing severe disease.
④Spector said that, in light of the new research, “we urgently need to make plans for vaccine boosters”, or third shots aimed at combating fading immunity. He told the BBC that these shots should be reserved for certain groups, and that a widespread booster campaign would be a “huge waste” and “ethically dubious”.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
A new study has found the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines will decline as time goes by.
The finding is backed by other studies.
However, the unscientific analysis of data and limitation for lack of information regarding vaccine efficacy at severe disease prevention have cast doubt on this finding.
Despite these, it is recommended to boost vaccine injections among certain groups.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] A new study has found the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines will decline as time goes by.运用了省略that的宾语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Despite these, it is recommended to boost vaccine injections among certain groups.用it作形式主语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
Passage 6
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet-as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? Ifs trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scalier(散射) light bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make a.n object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don't see it- you see the things behind it.
To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials—skin, fat, and more—and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Transparent animals, which typically live in the ocean, let light pass through their bodies. How does an animal become see-through? It doesn’t absorb or scatter light that can pass through it without bending or stopping and it doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了透明动物是怎样变得透明的。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet-as far as most light can reach.
②How does an animal become see-through?
③But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.
④But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’ t absorb light.
⑤Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through.
2.缜密构思:将第1个要点高度概括，将第2个要点直接表述，将第3、4、两个要点进行整合概括，将第5个要点直接表述。
3.遣词造句 Transparent animals, which typically live in the ocean, let light pass through their bodies. How does an animal become see-through? It doesn’t absorb or scatter light that can pass through it without bending or stopping and it doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Transparent animals, which typically live in the ocean, let light pass through their bodies.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段中第一句和第二句高度概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]：It doesn’t absorb or scatter light that can pass through it without bending or stopping and it doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light.用并列句将第四段和第五段进行并列概括，运用了that引导的限制性定语从句。
Passage 7
College students need textbooks to help them learn and earn an academic degree. However, on top of tuition, room and board and meals, why are textbooks so expensive? Textbooks cover many areas of knowledge. They are prepared specifically with a lot of information that include many original pictures, special charts, and specific data. Textbooks are extremely useful to students for learning and profitable for the companies that publish them. While textbooks can be a financial burden on the student, they can be profitable fora book scouter (侦察员).
A book scouter is an opportunist who buys cheap used books at thrift stores or books sales, and sells them for more money. Brand new textbooks are the most desired of books for scouters since they typically cost over $100. Of course, used textbooks don’t cost as much. But when the scouter goes to a thrift store and book sales at libraries, textbooks can cost as little as several dollars. So, buying used textbooks that are new is one of the most profitable books that sellers can buy.
Unfortunately, many college textbook editions change every year, which eliminates the students chance to use last year’s edition. So, they will have to pay more money for brand new textbooks. The sad reality is that very few changes are generally made between editions.
Book scouters search for textbooks as well as other categories of books available at local thrift stores or book sales. Textbooks that are new or relatively new are marked down to just a few dollars. Then they can be sold on Amazon for potentially high profits. Amazon buys new textbooks for a lot more money than most other types of books. If you want to try scouting textbooks to make a profit, buy their newest editions or the ones ahead of them.
Although textbooks can be expensive for the average student, he or she could potentially sell them on Amazon for the same price that they were purchased. Just remember, knowledge is power and can be profitable too.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Textbook burdens students financially but is profitable for book scouters. They buy used but new books, selling them for extra money. However, because of the subtle editions change, students have to buy new books. Therefore, it’s wise to buy the newest version for more profits. And students can sell their books again for the same purchase price.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，教科书给学生带来了经济负担，但对图书巡查员来说却是有利可图的。 他们买二手的新书，再卖掉赚外快。 然而，由于版本的微妙变化，学生们不得不购买新书。 因此，为了获得更多的利润，购买最新版本是明智的。 学生们可以以同样的价格再次出售他们的书。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
1.While textbooks can be a financial burden on the student, they can be profitable fora book scouter (侦察员).
2.A book scouter is an opportunist who buys cheap used books at thrift stores or books sales, and sells them for more money.
3.So, they will have to pay more money for brand new textbooks.
4.If you want to try scouting textbooks to make a profit, buy their newest editions or the ones ahead of them.
5.Although textbooks can be expensive for the average student, he or she could potentially sell them on Amazon for the same price that they were purchased.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Textbook burdens students financially but is profitable for book scouters.
They buy used but new books, selling them for extra money.
However, because of the subtle editions change, students have to buy new books.
Therefore, it’s wise to buy the newest version for more profits.
And students can sell their books again for the same purchase price.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] They buy used but new books, selling them for extra money.运用非谓语动词对原文第二段进行了概括。其中运用了现在分词作状语。
[高分句型2] Therefore, it’s wise to buy the newest version for more profits. 用it用作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句末对第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
Passage 8
There's more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.
On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our cultures. Many associate foods from our childhood with warm feelings and fond memories, tying us to our families.On a large scale, food operates as an expression of cultural identity, Traditional cuisine (烹饪法) is passed down from one generation to the next. Immigrants bring the food of their countries where they go, and cooking traditional food is a symbol of pride for their ethnicity (民族特色) as well as a means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some ingredients needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavour can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants who sell dishes have to alter the original dishes to satisfy a wider range of customers. Alterations to original dishes can create new flavors that still preserve the cultural significance of the dish.
What stays the same is the extent to which each country or community's unique cuisine reflects its unique history, lifestyle, values, and beliefs. For example, in China, harmony is a vital characteristic in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavour is used in a balanced way. Throughout history, Chinese people are of the belief that food not only needs to be nutritious but also needs to look appealing, so they put a lot of effort into decorating the dishes，with vibrant red as their traditional colour.
As the world becomes more globalized, it is easier to access cuisines from different cultures. We should not only accept our traditions through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their foods. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window to culture, and it should be treated as such.
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【答案】Food and culture are associated in many different aspects. Food often reminds us of warm feelings and fond memories and displays our cultural identity. Although the flavours may vary, the unique history and values food reflects stay the same. With the globalization, we should learn to be open to other cultures and foods as well as accepting our own tradition and foods equally.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。食物和文化在许多不同方面都有联系。食物常常让我们想起温暖的感觉和美好的回忆，并展示我们的文化身份。虽然味道可能不同，但食物所反映的独特历史和价值保持不变。随着全球化，我们应该学会对其他文化和食物开放，同时平等地接受我们自己的传统和食物。
【详解】
要点摘录
1.There's more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.
2.Many associate foods from our childhood with warm feelings and fond memories, tying us to our families.
3.What stays the same is the extent to which each country or community's unique cuisine reflects its unique history, lifestyle, values, and beliefs.
4. As the world becomes more globalized, it is easier to access cuisines from different cultures. We should not only accept our traditions through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their foods. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window to culture, and it should be treated as such.
2.缜密构思将第1，2，3，4要点分别进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Food and culture are associated in many different aspects. Food often reminds us of warm feelings and fond memories and displays our cultural identity. Although the flavours may vary, the unique history and values food reflects stay the same. With the globalization, we should learn to be open to other cultures and foods as well as accepting our own tradition and foods equally.
【点睛】
[高分句1] Although the flavours may vary, the unique history and values food reflects stay the same.运用although引导的状语从句
[高分句型2] With the globalization, we should learn to be open to other cultures and foods as well as accepting our own tradition and foods equally.运用了动名词作宾语。
Passage 9
Living in the countryside?
Rolling hills and endless green pastures — those images are easy to conjure when thinking of the peaceful country lifestyle.
When lockdowns descended upon many countries across the world during the pandemic, social media seemed to be dominated by pictures of cottages and village life. So, why is living in the countryside becoming a modem fantasy — and are there benefits to considering a slower pace of life?
It makes sense that some people would want to give up the crowded and noisy city streets for the perceived tranquility of the traditional country life — especially during an event like a pandemic. The lockdowns and extensive periods of working from home have given people time to think about what they want from life. But it’s not just about having a greener place to look at out your window.
There is more evidence that relates to the benefits of rural living. Villages aren’t normally subject to the stop-go traffic we see in city centres, the buses fighting with taxis for dominance, or metro systems with trains that scream from one station to the next. In short, there’s less air pollution in your country retreat — a thing which increases the chances of developing respiratory conditions or heart disease. You also get more opportunities to take long walks and see the sights, meaning you can get more exercise. Less noise, more walks and better air can also lead to less stress and an increased life expectancy, according to studies such as one conducted by the British government in 2012.
However, there are some things that need to be considered.
Weather can be a large drawback when it comes to moving to the countryside. In some parts of the country, the winters bring blizzards and the spring brings torrential rains and flooding.
Living .far from the hustle and bustle of the city means that some, people may feel isolated or even lonely. And as people get older, life far from doctors or public transport could become a bit of a challenge.
So, if you’re considering a change of pace and moving to a picturesque village, there is a range of pros and cons to consider before taking the plunge.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】One possible version:
People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. The benefits include less noise, better air, more exercise and better overall health. But you had better think two twice before moving to the countryside. Bad weather, senses of isolation, and having little access to public services are the disadvantages to be considered.
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是住在乡下的好处和坏处。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①It makes sense that some people would want to give up the crowded and noisy city streets for the perceived tranquility of the traditional country life — especially during an event like a pandemic.
②In short, there’s less air pollution in your country retreat — a thing which increases the chances of developing respiratory conditions or heart disease. You also get more opportunities to take long walks and see the sights, meaning you can get more exercise.
③However, there are some things that need to be considered.
④Weather can be a large drawback when it comes to moving to the countryside. Living .far from the hustle and bustle of the city means that some, people may feel isolated or even lonely. And as people get older, life far from doctors or public transport could become a bit of a challenge.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic. The benefits include less noise, better air, more exercise and better overall health.
But you had better think two twice before moving to the countryside. Bad weather, senses of isolation, and having little access to public services are the disadvantages to be considered.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] People find it appealing to live in the countryside during the pandemic.运用find it+形容词+to do的高级表达，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。
[高分句型2]：Bad weather, senses of isolation, and having little access to public services are the disadvantages to be considered.用动名词作主语和不定式作后者定语，表达非常高级。
Passage 10
Wearable Data
The classic nightmare of suddenly realizing you're naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the horror of losing not just your modesty but also your codes. Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smart-phone with gestures.
The concept of interactive ‘smart clothing’ has drawn attention in the past couple of years. For example, Google and Levi's created a touch-sensitive denim jacket that can operate a smart-phone. This and other smart garment are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electonic device.
To eliminate the need for such attached gear, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what they say is previously untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized. Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread ‘may seem like a small difference, but it's what makes this work interesting and exciting,’ says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, who was not part of the research. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into storage devices. The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation that corresponded to binary 1's or 0's. This step allowed the researchers to store us to 33 million different combinations—such as pass codes for doors—on a shirt cuff.
The graments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape time's eraser; after about a week, the thread's magnetic fields had weakened by around 30 percent. The researchers suggest that using custom made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. Harrison says that it is Very unlikely you're ever going to achieve a comparable density to magnetic hard drives with data-storing fabric, however.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smart-phone with gestures, which are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electonic device. To eliminate the need for such attached gear, researchers took advantage of untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized. But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，科学家们最近发明了一种磁性衣服，他们说这种衣服可以存储数据、自动开门或用手势控制附近的智能手机，这种衣服由导电线制成，通常需要一个附加的电子设备。为了消除这种附加设备的需要，研究人员利用了导电线的未开发特性：它的磁化能力。但就目前而言，这些衣服可能最适合储存临时密码。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smart-phone with gestures. This and other smart garment are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electonic device.
②To eliminate the need for such attached gear, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what they say is previously untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized.
③But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smart-phone with gestures, which are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electonic device.
To eliminate the need for such attached gear, researchers took advantage of untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized.
But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smart-phone with gestures, which are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electonic device.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] To eliminate the need for such attached gear, researchers took advantage of untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized.用不定式作目的状语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。