2022年中考英语完形填空解题方法

完形填空解题方法一、完形填空(Cloze test)的理论基础及试题说明  “完形填空”题是一种旨在考察学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型，它结合了单项选择和短文填空的优点，既考察词汇搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考察了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。中考完形填空共6小题，每小题2分。在一篇200~250词的短文中留出6个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。二、命题特点及选材特点完形填空是一种要求高、综合性强的语言测试题，以阅读为形式，以上下文为线索，以理解能力、词汇知识、语法知识、习惯用法以及分析判断能力为解题基础，是一种较高层次的阅读理解题。所选题材多样，但都贴近学生的生活实际，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；体裁多以记叙文为主，也有说明文、议论文等。三、考点分析完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：1）语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词：连接代词、连接副词、关系代词和关系副词。（语法型） 2）具有语法变化的词，如动词的时态、语态、语气；名词的数；代词的格；形容词和副词的比较等级等。（语法型） 3）固定搭配短语和词组中的特定词。（习惯搭配型） 4）同义词和近义词等易混词。（词义型） 5）根据上下文的意思及结构必须填入的确定词。（文意型）6）根据生活常识及一般逻辑需要填入的词。（生活常识型）  五、知识梳理1. 习惯搭配型：根据词语的习惯用法、固定短语、句型的搭配以及英语特有的习惯作出判断的题目。Every day, we receive a lot of love from others. But how much love do we return?  46  the winter vacation，I made a survey with ten questions,…                                       46. A. On    B. During   C. At         D In The boy never wanted to talk   38   why or how she got the scar.                     38. A. with    B. to             C. about        D on Do you have such kind of experience? In a bus you may __42____ a stranger, but not too long.42. A. look at     B. look for     C. look after      D look into                                2. 词义型：根据同义词或近义词的用法区别而设置的题目，有时也借助上下文意思及结构考查形容词、副词、代词和连词的使用等。Nowadays green food is popular. We know we need green food and good health，__36__ not all people knew that years ago.                                                                   36. A. so  B. but  C. because   D and On a cold winter afternoon, Susan was walking home from a supermarket. She was feeling a little   46   , as she was carrying her shopping bags.                                               46. A. sad  B. tired C. frightened   D happy 3. 语法型：以考查语法为目的而设置的空白。解答这类题需要根据词与词、句与句之间的关系来判断各种时态和语态的运用，动词及其短语的搭配和用法等。一般地说，考查的语法以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。Just then, Susan understood   53   the saying “Giving is getting” really meant.        53. A. what  B. which C. why          D  how After    52(finishing)     the interview, I started to ask myself how long it had been  53   the last time I met my parents or best friends.                                                   53. A. when   B. until       C. since       D in  Here are some holiday tips __50__ will prevent you from getting weight.            50.A. that          B. what              C. who 4.文意型：答案的选择较多地受到短文大意的影响， 必须在选择答案之前通读上下文，抓住其关键词并透彻理解上下文之间的联系，然后借助语境来选择最佳答案。有的时候，这种题型还需要用相关的常识进行推理判断。Living in another country can be very lonely. Last year I went to a middle school in America. I had no friends there. I was     46       alone, and sometimes I felt like I was the only person in the world.46. A. always    B. never    C. seldom     D recently    As young students, you have many dreams. These dreams can be very  36  , such as becoming famous scientists, they can  37(also)  be small, such as winning the first place in the race in class.     36. A. big       B. small  C. nice    D high    There was nothing inside except a little money and an old   47   —a picture of a woman and a girl about sixteen years old.                                                                47. A. book      B. table    C. photo       D notice            5. 生活常识型在日常生活中，饿了就要吃东西，渴了就要喝东西，累了就要休息，冷了添衣服，热了脱衣服等是约定俗成的事，这类题只要根据一般的生活常识及逻辑就可做出判断。The old man looked at me. Then he looked at his   45  and replied, “It’s 5:30”.          45. A. umbrella     B. home     C. watch    D TV “When fish are hungry, they will bite(咬)   43  anything.”                          43. A. never       B. hardly       C. almost      D always 五、过关练习AA few weeks ago, French President Nicolas Sarkozy said he would clear over 300 gypsy(吉普赛) A) camps in France. He will send more than 700 gypsies back to their native countries in the next three months.Many French people and European countries disagree with Sarkozy’s move. They say it   80human rights. Gypsies should be free to stay in France. But Sarkozy has 81. Police have been clearing gypsy camps.Gypsies came from India. They left their homeland sometime during the 11th century and entered Europe in the 14th century. Today there are 2-5million gypsies. Most of them are very poor, becausethey move around from country to country. It is __82_for them to build homes or find jobs. They travel everywhere and make a living as actors, fortune-tellers (占卜者), and by selling goods from faraway lands. Some gypsies83 make money by begging or stealing. It is indeed a “headache”. The French government thinks gypsies bring a lot of84to society. That’s why Sarkozy wants them out of France.85Sarkozy’s move won’t improve the situation in France for the long term. According to EU (欧盟) laws, the gypsies of EU member countries are free to go to another EU member country, like France. They can stay there for up to 3 months. So many of the gypsies will probably come back to France in the future.(     )80. A) asks for B) goes against C) comes from D) depends on(     )81. A) made his decision B) changed his mind  C) done his best D) taken their advice(     )82. A) free B) difficult C)easy D) possible(     )83. A) again B) especially C) hardly D) even(     )84. A) rights B) trouble C) technology D) business(     )85. A) In addition B) However C) Later on D) Instead    BIf you know anything about violin music, chances are (很可能) you have heard the word “Stradivarius.” Stradivarius is the name for the world’s most famous violin. They are named after their 80__, Antonio Stradivari.Stradivari was born in northern Italy and lived from 1644 to 1737. Cremona, the town he lived in, was a place where violins were made. Stradivari learned to play the violin as a little kid. He __81  to love the instrument so much that he began to make them himself.Violins were new instruments during Stradivari’s time. People made them in different __82 and shapes （形状） and of different types of wood. He took long walks 83 in the forest to find just the right tree. He is also said to have used a secret and special type of varnish （光漆） to put on the wood. Whatever the reasons, his violins are the best in the world.Stradivari put such care and love into his violin that they are still used today. Many, of course are in museums. But some wealthy musicians, who can 84 the thousands and thousands of dollars they cost, own Stradivarius violins.Stradivari passed his method on to his sons. But the 85 of making Stradivarius violins seemed to have died out with the family. Their rarity (罕见), as well as their beautiful sound, make Stradivarius violins among the most prized instruments in the world.(   ) 80. A) creatorB) conductorC) playerD) collector(  ) 81. A) picked upB) grew upC) showed upD)put up(  ) 82. A) soundsB)speedsC) sizesD) skills(  ) 83. A) alongB) broadC) aloneD) ahead(  ) 84. A) prepareB) earnC) affordD)make(  ) 85. A) giftsB) questionsC) wondersD) secrets 六、学法提炼  做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是必不可少的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。    完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。切勿为了“省时”而边看边选，否则，欲速则不达，许多地方看不下去，选择时或不解其意，或似懂非懂，举棋不定，这样不仅失误率高，且费时不少。每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然能承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间也一定紧密相连，形成一个有机的整体。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过，如果不影响答题，可以置之不理；如果与答案有关，可到第二步选择时再琢磨解决。另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们往往能够提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。 七、方法梳理中考英语完型填空要求学生应具备在信息空缺的前提下理解整篇文章的能力,并能抓住文章的主旨进行推理判断、甄别筛选。因此,如何跟上作者的思路是关键所在。本次课主要针对完型填空的答题技巧进行，旨在有效地提高解答完型填空的能力。①重语境　　完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推知答案。因此，需要注意上下句的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时更需要上下文提供的线索，把自己置身于情景当中进行填空，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。②重实词　　完形填空的命题是在一句话中的关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词，当然也不排除能左右文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。③重首句　　首句通常不设选项。这是因为第一句是核心句，是观察全文的窗口，对熟悉语境、确定时态、推测文章大意等起着关键性的作用。如果设选项，就会加大难度，影响对文章信息的捕捉，使做题者陷入茫然。④ 重快速领悟文章主旨的能力　　完形填空题的特点在于人为地设置了很多空格，使文章支离破碎、残缺不全，这就造成了理解上的障碍。需要学生跳过空格，快速领悟文章主旨。只有这样，才能保证思路连贯，在理解的过程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。设空有一定的规律性。一般说来大都是均衡分布，各空之间的距离大致相当，通常是隔一定词数，留出一个空格，不连续设空。关系过于密切时，只设一个选项。如果两个相互依存，关系密切的单词或短语都设为选项，就会形成错一个等于错两个，对一个等于对两个的现象。⑤ 重对文章的整体把握能力　  对文章的整体把握就是指根据文章的主旨，通过上下文暗示，对整篇文章、整个段落或整个意群的整体文意的把握。⑥重考查排除干扰、完形词义的能力　  完形填空题中干扰项的干扰，一般与语法结构无太大关系，重在文意干扰。因此，只要把握了文意和具体的语境，通过对词义的辨析，一些错误的干扰项就容易被排除。 四种常用解题方法和步骤：巧用首句信息：1）   利用首句把握文章的体裁；2）   分析首句信息，预测下文内容，给文章定基调。“I can’t believe what I’m hearing!” I thought to myself. Jeff was the last candidate (候选人)for president of Student Council. My best friend Tony came to me and said. “I’m sorry, Mike. I really thought you should be __36__.”Later that day, I happened to pass Jeff in the dining room. I offered him a __37__ “Congratulations” and walked to my usual table. To my surprise, Jeff put his plate beside mine.“I’m, er—I’m just wondering if you would …consider coming to work on my team,” he said__38__. “You are really smart, and you would be a great manager.”36. A. heard   B. chosen   C. invited   D. followed37. A. polite   B. loud   C. warm   D. cheerful38. A. proudly   B. quickly  C. nervously  D. regretfully             2巧用上下文语境：1）注意上下文的信息提示；2）利用重复出现的词语。An eighth grader said, “It’ll be like attending a new school with Jeff as president.”       Hearing these words made my heart filled with __46__. I had wanted to become president of Student Council to make a difference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeff’s team. He became the most popular candidate and I was large part of his __47__. The fact that it has made a difference in other people’s lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!46. A. pride   B. surprise  C. patience   D. hope47. A. luck       B. spirit   C. life    D. success Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed ____37_____ of himself, and was so pale that it _____38_____ us to look at him…It took him nearly five minutes to sign and when I got my yearbook back, there was a very shaky "RICKY". He hugged (紧抱) his yearbook and ____43____. I couldn't help but smile back at him.37. A. unafraid        B. unsure          C. proud           D. tired38. A. worried         B. surprised        C. taught          D. hurt    43. A. smiled   B. waited    C. left             D. rose    My father died when I was a few months old… I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my __46___ couldn’t. So every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card.46. A. teachers     B. mother     C. father      D. friends 3         灵活掌握名词、动词在句子中的应用：1)     结合语境及名词、动词的词义辨析选出最佳答案。对词义的辨析主要集中在实词，即名词、动词、形容词和副词。设题通常以同义词、反义词或易混词的形式出现；2)     夯实基础，牢记含有名词、动词的短语或固定搭配。My mom told me that when I was born, I was the most beautiful baby in the world. Time passed, and I started to be a strong and happy girl. Then, one day when I was five years old, my life   36   a lot. I had a high fever. The doctor gave me the wrong medicine, and this caused me to   37   my speech. My mom couldn’t believe that I could not speak. The doctor told her that the medicine brought me a lot of problems with my speech. He thought that I would   38   be able to speak well again or learn another language.  My mom, however, was a   39  . She sent me to a lot of teachers. Finally, she found the  40   teacher, Nina, to help me to make my dream come true. She was a very nice person. She encouraged me and told me that I would speak again.36. A. proved          B. changed           C. improved       D. increased37. A. have       B. make       C. lose     D. drop38. A. still              B. never       C. either     D. always39. A. fighter       B. pioneer   C. protector    D. volunteer40. A. real              B. right       C. clever     D. patient  When we first   44   the air, the wind was very strong. But a few seconds later, it became better. We were in a   45   fall for about a minute before Jay pulled the parachute's cord（降落伞绳索）.44. A. hit        B. touched   C. met        D. breathed45. A. hard       B. heavy       C. straight      D. free 4         把握常见词的活用：1)      一词多义 ；2)      词性多变My parents looked at each other. My father   42   again. “Well, I hope you went to school,” he said. “Uhhh … why would you think otherwise?” I asked. My parents exchanged another   43 and were becoming annoyed. 42. A. tried             B. asked            C. guessed            D. ordered43. A. look       B. word         C. mind        D. topic          Later that day, I happened to pass Jeff in the dining room. I offered him a __37__ “Congratulations” and walked to my usual table. To my surprise, Jeff put his plate beside mine….“I’m, er—I’m just wondering if you would …consider coming to work on my team,” he said__38__. “You are really smart, and you would be a great manager.”All that night, I thought about __39__ from Jeff.39. A. advice   B. chance   C. message   D. offer