2022年广东省广州市天河区中考一模英语试题（解析版）

2022年广东省广州市天河区中考一模英语试题

英    语

（本试卷共四大题，8页，满分90分，考试时间为100分钟）

注意事项：

1. 答卷前，考生必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号填写在答题卡相的位置上。

2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应的题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。

3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔或涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

Once upon a time, there lived a tricky fox. He used to speak to ___1___ animals sweetly and gain their trust before playing tricks on them.

One day the fox met ___2___ easy-going stork on his way home. He acted ___3___ her good friend. He wanted to play a trick on the stork, so he asked her to have dinner with him later. The stork accepted the invitation ___4___.

The day of the dinner came, and the stork went to the fox’s house with ___5___. She thought it was a delicious feast. But to her surprise, there ___6___ only some soup in a plate! “Come and have a taste! ____7____ took me the whole afternoon to cook the soup.” The fox smiled. Because of her long beak, the stork had difficulty having the soup. But the fox licked the soup up in no time. After finishing the dinner, the fox asked the stork, “Does it taste ___8___?”

The hungry stork replied, “Oh, it is wonderful. Thanks for your dinner.” She added, “But I could only taste a little ___9___ I don’t feel well today. I can’t take any more!” The fox pretended to feel sorry for that. Then _____10_____ later, the stork invited the fox to have dinner with _____11_____ and went home.

The next day, the fox got to the stork’s house on time. On the table, some soup _____12_____ and put in two narrow jars with long necks. This time, the stork found it easy to have the soup. However, the fox _____13_____ taste it.

After dinner, the stork asked the fox, “How is the soup?” “I am sorry for what _____14_____, I feel ashamed of myself. I think I’d better _____15_____ now.” the fox answered. Then, he went out of stork’s house in a hurry.

1. A. another B. other C. the other D. others

2. A. a B. an C. the D. /

3. A. for B. with C. in D. like

4. A. happy B. happiness C. happily D. happier

5. A. joy B. joyful C. joyless D. joyfulness

6. A. is B. are C. was D. were

7. A. That B. This C. It D. Its

8. A. good B. well C. better D. best

9. A. because B. and C. though D. so

10. A. sometimes B. some times C. some time D. sometime

11. A. she B. her C. he D. him

12. A. prepare B. prepared C. was prepared D. were prepared

13. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. couldn’t

14. A. do B. was doing C. am doing D. have done

15. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave

【1~15题答案】

【答案】1. B    2. B    3. D    4. C    5. A    6. C    7. C    8. A    9. A    10. C    11. B    12. C    13. D    14. D    15. A

【解析】

【导语】本文主要讲述了狐狸和鹳之间的故事，故事告诉我们：不要总想着去捉弄别人，要善待别人。

【1题详解】

句意：他过去常常和其他动物甜言蜜语，在捉弄它们之前获得它们的信任。

another三者或三者以上当中的另外一个；other别的、其他的；the other两者当中的另外一个；others别的人或物。根据空后句“and gain their trust before playing tricks on them.”语境可知，应是泛指其他的动物，故空处应是other“其他的”。故选B。

【2题详解】

句意：一天，狐狸在回家的路上遇到了一只随和的鹳。

a不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前；an不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词之前；the定冠词，表示特指等；/不填。stork是第一次再文中提到，空处的词表示泛指，且easy-going中easy以元音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an。故选B。

【3题详解】

句意：他表现得像她的好朋友。

for为了；with和某人一起；in在……里；like像。根据后句“He wanted to play a trick on the stork, so he asked her to have dinner with him later.”语境可知，应是表现地像是她的好朋友。故选D。

【4题详解】

句意：鹳高兴地接受了邀请。

happy高兴的，形容词；happiness高兴，名词；happily高兴地，副词；happier更高兴的，形容词比较级形式。根据句子结构可知，空处的词是修饰动词accepted，应用副词。故选C。

【5题详解】

句意：晚餐的日子到了，鹳高兴地去了狐狸家。

joy快乐，名词；joyful快乐的，形容词；joyless不快乐的，形容词；joyfulness快乐，名词。空处的词在介词with之后，应是名词，故排除B、C项； “高兴地”常常表达为with joy。故选A。

【6题详解】

句意：但令她惊讶的是，盘子里只有一些汤！

is一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数形式；are一般现在时，主语是复数形式和第二人称；was一般过去时，主语是单数形式；were一般过去时，主语是复数和第二人称。句中的动作发生在过去，故应是一般过去时，主语“some soup”是第三人称单数形式，故应用was。故选C。

【7题详解】

句意：花了我整整一个下午煮汤。

That那；This这；It形式主语；Its它的。根据句子结构可知，本句为固定句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.“花费某人多长时间干某事”，其中it为形式主语。故选C。

【8题详解】

句意：吃完晚饭后，狐狸问鹳：“味道好吗？”

good好的，形容词；well身体健康的，形容词，好，副词；better更好的，比较级形式；best最好的，最高级形式。空处的词在系动词taste之后，应用形容词good；根据前句“After finishing the dinner, the fox asked the stork,”语境可知，空处应用形容词原级。故选A。

【9题详解】

句意：但我只能尝一点，因今天感觉不舒服。

because因为；and和；though虽然；so因此。分析前句“But I could only taste a little”和后句“I don’t feel well today”句意可知，后句是前句动作发生的原因，故空处应用because“因为”引导原因状语从句，故应用because“因为”。故选A。

【10题详解】

句意：一段时间之后，鹳邀请狐狸和她共进晚餐，然后回家了。

sometimes有时；some times几次；some time一段时间；sometime在某时。根据空后“later”的提示可知，空处应是表示一段时间的词。故选C。

【11题详解】

句意：一段时间之后，鹳邀请狐狸和她共进晚餐，然后回家了。

She它，主格代词；her她，宾格代词；he他，主格代词；him他，宾格代词。空处的词在介词with之后，应用宾格代词；根据前文“He acted…her good friend.”可知，空处应是宾格代词her“她”。故选B。

【12题详解】

句意：桌上准备了一些汤，放在两个长脖子的窄罐子里。

prepare动词原形；prepared过去式；was prepared一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数形式；were prepared一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数形式。根据句意可知，主语和动词之间是被动关系，且时态是一般过去时，故应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语“some soup”是单数形式，故应用was prepared。故选C。

【13题详解】

句意：然而，狐狸不能尝到它的味道。

needn’t不必；mustn’t表示禁止；shouldn’t不应当；couldn’t不能。根据前文“and put in two narrow jars with long necks.”语境可知，狐狸应是吃不到，故不能尝到它的味道。故选D。

【14题详解】

句意：我为我所做的事感到抱歉，我为自己感到羞愧。

do一般现在时；was doing过去进行时；am doing现在进行时；have done现在完成时。根据上文“But to her surprise, there…only some soup in a plate! “Come and have a taste!...took me the whole afternoon to cook the soup.””语境可知，应是狐狸为已经做过的事情感到抱歉，故应用现在完成时。故选D。

【15题详解】

句意：我想我最好现在就走。

leave动词原形；leaving动名词形式；left动词过去式；to leave动词不定式。had better“最好”，是情态动词，后加动词原形。故选A。

二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

阅读下西短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-10 各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

Amy was afraid of height. She never planned to take a ride in hot air balloon. The idea of going up hundreds of feet into the air ___16___ her. But last Saturday the bank where she works offered air balloon rides. The rides were free, so she decided to try ballooning. Then she got a new ___17___ of the whole city.

“I love riding in a hot air balloon. It was completely ___18___ anything else I had ever done. I’ve never imagined I would ___19___ my fear of heights. I think it was a great ___20___ for me.” Amy said. She liked looking at the city from up high. “I never knew that our city is so beautiful,”  she said. “I saw rivers and fields and lots of colors. We don’t have mountains or oceans, but it is very pretty.”

Hot air ballooning is usually done in the early morning or late afternoon. That is when there is not much wind. People who want to ride in a hot air balloon have to be ___21___. Sometimes you have to wait long for the proper ___22___ conditions.

The ride usually takes about an hour. Then the pilot needs to ___23___ a safe place to land the balloon. This is one of the best parts of the ride. “It’s really exciting. You never know ___24___ you are going to land.” Amy said.

She felt very proud of herself after her first ride. “I can make it!” She cheered. In fact, later that day she was ____25____ enough to go up three more times!

16. A. frightened B. pleased C. interested D. annoyed

17. A. view B. pattern C. symbol D. project

18. A. the same as B. similar to C. compared with D. different from

19. A. notice B. keep C. admit D. lose

20. A. expectation B. experience C. excuse D. example

21. A. serious B. worried C. patient D. careful

22. A. temperature B. wind C. light D. cloud

23. A. look up B. look for C. look at D. look down

24. A. how B. when C. where D. why

25. A. surprised B. talented C. bored D. confident

【16~25题答案】

【答案】16. A    17. A    18. D    19. D    20. B    21. C    22. B    23. B    24. C    25. D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了艾米本来十分恐高，但是经历了热气球旅行后，她从高空看到了城市不一样的风景，她也克服了自己对高空的恐惧，不再恐高了。

【16题详解】

句意：上升到数百英尺高空的想法让她感到害怕。

frightened使惊吓；pleased使开心；interested感兴趣；annoyed使恼怒。根据“Amy was afraid of height.”可知，上升到数百英尺的高空，这种想法让艾米害怕。故选A。

【17题详解】

句意：然后她对整个城市有了新的认识。

view观点，看法；pattern模式；symbol象征；project项目，计划。根据下文“I never knew that our city is so beautiful”可知，她对整个城市有了新的认识。故选A。

【18题详解】

句意：这和我曾经做过的任何事都不一样。

the same as与……一样；similar to与……相似；compared with与……相比；different from与……不同。根据上文可知，艾米害怕高度，但乘坐热气球给了她一种不同于以往的体验，因此她感叹这和她曾经做过的任何事都不一样。故选D。

【19题详解】

句意：我从来没有想象过我会失去恐高症的恐惧。

notice注意；keep保持；admit承认；lose失去。根据“I love riding in a hot air balloon.”可知，艾米摆脱了对高空的恐惧。故选D。

【20题详解】

句意：我认为这对于我来说是很好的一次经历。

expectation期望；experience经历；excuse借口；example例子。根据“I think it was a great…for me.”可知，艾米克服了对高空的恐惧，乘坐热气球看到了不一样的风景，这对她而言是很棒的一次经历。故选B。

【21题详解】

句意：想乘坐热气球的人必须要有耐心。

serious严肃的；worried担忧的；patient有耐心的；careful小心的，仔细的。根据“Sometimes you have to wait long for the proper … conditions.”可知，乘坐热气球对天气条件要求高，有时得等；由此推知，乘坐热气球的人必须要有耐心。故选C。

【22题详解】

句意：有时您必须等待很长时间才能获得适当的风况。

temperature温度；wind风；light灯；cloud云。根据上文“That is when there is not much wind.”可知，乘坐热气球对天气条件要求高，要在没有什么风的时候乘坐。故选B。

【23题详解】

句意：然后，飞行员需要寻找一个安全的地方来降落气球。

look up查阅；look for寻找；look at看；look down俯视，向下看。根据“Then the pilot needs to … a safe place to land the balloon.”可知，热气球起飞后，旅程会持续1个小时左右，然后飞行员要找一个安全的地方来降落。故选B。

【24题详解】

句意：你永远不知道你将在哪里着陆。

how怎样；when什么时候；where哪里；why为什么。根据“Then the pilot needs to … a safe place to land the balloon.”可知，飞行员要找一个安全的地方来降落，但你永远不知道你将在哪里着陆。故选C。

【25题详解】

句意：事实上，当天晚些时候，她已经有足够的信心再上去三次了!

surprised惊讶的；talented有天赋的；bored无聊的；confident有信心的。根据“She felt very proud of herself after her first ride.”可知，第一次热气球旅行她为自己感到骄傲；由此推知，在当天晚些时候，艾米有足够的信心再上去三次。故选D。

三、阅读（共两节，满分35分）

第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从26~40各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。

A

Rupert Isaacson was born in London to African parents, and grew up in the English countryside where he discovered his love of horses. Later, as he grew up hearing so many fascinating memories about Africa from his parents, he went there and lived with the people called the Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert.

By the year 2000, Rupert was already working as a reporter, writing articles and guidebooks about Africa and India. He met his wife Kristin in India. Today, they live with their son, Rowan, in the US. But Rupert faced the greatest challenge of his life when, at the age of two, Rowan was diagnosed with an illness that harmed his ability to communicate with others.

Rupert discovered that spending time with horses and riding them was helping Rowan. But unluckily, the Bushmen of the Kalahari do not have horses. So the family set out for Mongolia, where horses have been important for long. Rupert has written about this journey to help his son in his book Horse Boy, and then he produced a documentary film of the same name. In the film, people have the chances to see the family travelling in Mongolia, riding horses and meeting healers（治疗师）in order to help Rowan.

Later, Rupert set up the Horse Boy Foundation on his farm in Texas in order to help more people like Rowan. It is a school that teaches people how to use horses for healing. He wrote another book The Long Ride Home about travelling with Rowan to Africa, Australia and Arizona in the US. Then Rupert continued to produce the documentary programme Endangerous, with Rowan as host, about dangerous animals that were endangered.

Rupert Isaacson has managed to discover the secrets of turning one challenge into many achievements.

26. In Paragraph 1, what does the underlined word “there” refer to?

A. To London. B. To the English countryside.

C. To Africa. D. To India.

27. What was the biggest challenge for Rupert?

A. His family had to move from Britain to Africa.

B. His son was found to have trouble communicating.

C. He couldn’t get healing horses in Africa.

D. He learnt that many animals were endangered.

28. Which is the correct order of Rupert’s life story?

a. He took the job as a reporter.

b. He wrote a book about their journey to Mongolia.

c. He set up a school to help people like Rowan.

d. He found horse-riding was helpful to his son.

e. He produced the documentary Endangerous.

A. d-b-a-c-e B. a-d-b-e-c C. d-a-b-e-c D. a-d-b-c-e

29. In the last paragraph, the “secrets” most probably includes the following EXCEPT ______.

A. a family with fascinating memories B. a father’s love for his son

C. the courage to solve difficulties in life D. the care for others and the world

【26~29题答案】

【答案】26. C    27. B    28. D    29. A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Rupert Isaacson喜欢马，他的孩子被诊断出疾病后用马去治愈孩子，并且写了几本书，拍了两部纪录片，创办了马背上的马童基金会，教人们如何用马来治愈疾病。

【26题详解】

词句猜测题。根据前句“Later, as he grew up hearing so many fascinating memories about Africa from his parents,”由在他成长的过程中，他从父母那里听到了许多关于非洲的迷人回忆，可猜测出，后句应是：他去了非洲，和喀拉哈里沙漠的布须曼人住在一起，故下划线单词“there”应是指“非洲”。故选C。

【27题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中“But Rupert faced the greatest challenge of his life when, at the age of two, Rowan was diagnosed with an illness that harmed his ability to communicate with others.”可知，鲁伯特最大的挑战是他的儿子被发现有交流障碍。故选B。

【28题详解】

细节理解题。通读全文可知，鲁伯特的人生故事的正确顺序是：By the year 2000, Rupert was already working as a reporter, writing articles and guidebooks about Africa and India.他接受了记者的工作；Rupert discovered that spending time with horses and riding them was helping Rowan. 他发现骑马对儿子很有帮助；So the family set out for Mongolia, where horses have been important for long. Rupert has written about this journey to help his son in his book Horse Boy, 他写了一本关于他们去蒙古旅行的书；Later, Rupert set up the Horse Boy Foundation on his farm in Texas in order to help more people like Rowan. It is a school that teaches people how to use horses for healing.他建立了一所学校来帮助像罗文这样的人；Then Rupert continued to produce the documentary programme Endangerous, with Rowan as host, about dangerous animals that were endangered.他制作了纪录片《危险》。故鲁伯特的人生故事的正确顺序是：a-d-b-c-e。故选D。

【29题详解】

词句猜测题。通读全文可知，根据文中“Rupert discovered that spending time with horses and riding them was helping Rowan. But unluckily, the Bushmen of the Kalahari do not have horses. So the family set out for Mongolia, where horses have been important for long.”可知，表现了一个父亲对儿子的爱和面对困难的勇气；根据文中“Later, Rupert set up the Horse Boy Foundation on his farm in Texas in order to help more people like Rowan. It is a school that teaches people how to use horses for healing.”可知，表现了父亲对他人和世界的关心，故猜测出，鲁伯特将挑战转化为成就的秘密，不包括有着迷人回忆的家庭。故选A。

B

30. How does the writer show the danger of texting while walking in Paragraph 1?

A. By listing numbers. B. By giving examples.

C. By asking a question. D. By telling a story.

31. The LA Times did the survey most probably to ______.

A. get enough support from more readers

B. encourage more states to pass the new law

C. advise people to stop texting while walking

D. learn about people’s opinions on the new law

32. Among the four replies, who supports the new law in Hawaii?

A. Rena and Andy. B. Andy and Bob.

C Rena and Andrew. D. Andy and Andrew.

【30~32题答案】

【答案】30. A    31. D    32. C

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍了开车时候发短信或走路时候看手机设备是违法的法律，并对这个法律接受情况进行了问卷调查。

【30题详解】

细节理解题。根据“A study reported that using a mobile device while walking resulted in more than 2000 accidents in 2011, and more than 2,500 people ending up in hospitals in the US.”可知，作者通过列举数字来讲述边走边发短信是危险的。故选A。

【31题详解】

推理判断题。根据“Do people think more places should accept such a law?”可知，可以推断出《洛杉矶时报》是想调查大家对过马路时发短信或看手机是否违法的看法。故选D。

【32题详解】

细节理解题。根据表格Rena, 26, New York“We should stop people from texting while crossing the street by law in more cities.”以及Andrew, 34, Alaska“This law is a good idea.”可知，丽娜和安德鲁支持夏威夷的新法律。故选C。

C

Do all vegetables need lots of sunshine?

Mark Hoffmann and his wife own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse, and they often serve their guests fresh food from the garden. They have been growing food and flowers for over twenty years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffmann has been experimenting and working with shade（阴凉）planting. He says, “As is known to all, most plants will produce more in full sun. But if you do not have full sun, here is a new way.”

For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffmann says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct sunshine, especially the morning sun. Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours a day of full sun, it also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients（营养素）and water.

Mr. Hoffman says only plants with wider leaves do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better partly in shade than in full sun. Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem, so Mr. Hoffmann does not have to use pesticides. He planted the potatoes in the shade, especially on the east side of the tree. The potatoes get the morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Some insects dislike shade, and the hottest part of the day is when they do the worst of their damage to the plants.

Time of day, brightness of the sun, shadows from trees, walls and buildings—these all influence how much sunlight falls on plants. And people interested in shade planting should also remember something else. The term “shade” can be different amounts of darkness and different things in different places.

33. For tomatoes and potatoes, what helps them grow better in shade?

A. 12 hours’ full sun and sharing nutrients. B. Smaller leaves and insect control.

C. Sharing nutrients and smaller leaves. D. Sharing nutrients and insect control.

34. The underlined word “pesticides” probably means chemicals that can ________.

A. offer light B. avoid light C. kill insects D. feed insects

35. What is the main purpose of this passage?

A. To show the process of shade planting.

B. To explain the reasons for shade planting.

C. To introduce an unusual way of planting.

D. To give advice on different kinds of planting.

36. We may read the passage in a magazine on ________.

A. nature B. environment C. travelling D. lifestyle

【33~36题答案】

【答案】33. D    34. C    35. C    36. A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大多数植物在阳光充足的情况下产量会更高，但并不是所有植物都需要大量的阳光。霍夫曼先生就试验和研究了阴凉种植。

【33题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“it also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients（营养素）and water.”以及第四段第三句“Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem, ”可知，西红柿种在橡树的阴凉下，它们根系内营养成分互相分享，可以让西红柿长得更好；土豆种在阴凉地，可以较少昆虫的危害。故选D。

【34题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第四段第三句“Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem, so Mr. Hoffmann does not have to use pesticides.”可知，这个词是用来帮助控制昆虫的一种东西。故选C。

【35题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“But if you do not have full sun, here is a new way.”可知，本篇文章作者主要讲述了霍夫曼先生的阴凉种植。故选C。

【36题详解】

推理判断题。根据文意可知，这篇短文介绍了霍夫曼先生的阴凉种植，文章内容和自然nature有关。故选A。

D

Do you wonder why schools take a break during summer for more than two months, while your parents still work hard? Well, it seems to start in the early 19th century. In the late 18th century, school calendars（日历）were different between cities and countries.

City schools were open all the year with just a few short breaks. However, experts began to wonder: was a long school calendar good enough? Some experts felt that too much school time could make teachers and students tired. Meanwhile, sickness and poor health used to be common in the 18th century because of poorly ventilated（通风的）classrooms.

City officials cared about the warning of the experts and shortened the school year by a quarter. Summer was picked over other seasons because diseases would spread easily during the hot months. Besides, rich people in cities traditionally went away on vacations during summer.

On the other hand, country schools had quite different school calendars. In the 19th century, country kids spent just five or six months in school — two to three months in summer and the same in winter — and the rest of the year working on farms. So while city educators worried that children were too busy, officials in the country thought their students were too free.

It was in the early 20th century that public-school officials in many farm states made their school year longer, and introduced the same summer break to country schools as city schools’.

But do you know that summer vacation is the time when you can lose what you have learned? According to Johns Hopkins Center, children score worse on tests in early September than in late June. Their research also shows that longer breaks from school can stop the learning process for children. Students can lose about 2.6 months of grade level equivalency（等值）in Maths and reading skills over the summer months. Every year teachers in the new school year have to spend some weeks helping kids catch up with the materials they have forgotten over summer vacation.

37. When did schools probably begin to take a summer break for over two months?

A. In the late 18th century. B. In the early 19th century.

C. In the late 19th century. D. In the early 20th century.

38. How many disadvantages of a long school calendar are mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

39. Why did country kids spend just about half a year at school?

A. Because they had to help with the farm work.

B. Because they had to avoid diseases in schools.

C Because their family took them away for vacations.

D. Because educators suggested more free time for them.

40. According to their research, John Hopkins Center probably agrees that ________.

A. longer summer vacation is good for school calendars

B. longer summer vacation is bad for students and should be cancelled

C. longer summer vacation has a bad effect on students’ study

D. longer summer vacation results in students’ falling behind others

【37~40题答案】

【答案】37. B    38. B    39. A    40. C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要关于学生们的暑假，暑假一方面是为了让孩子们能够得到适当休息，富人们会在暑假期间带着他们的孩子去度假；另一方面是为了防止疾病的传播。城市里的暑假较短，专家们比较担心孩子们的健康问题而乡下的假期较长，官员们又比较担心孩子们的学业问题。虽然长假惬意，但孩子们却会在假期遗忘不少功课。

【37题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Do you wonder…it seems to start in the early 19th century.”可知，学校开始放两个多月的暑假是从十九世纪早期开始的。故选B。

【38题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Some experts felt that too much school time could make teachers and students tired.”“Meanwhile, sickness and poor health used to be common in the 18th century because of poorly ventilated（通风的）classrooms.”可知，较长的学校日历带来的缺点一个是会让学生和老师都感到疲惫，另一个则是因为通风条件差的教室更容易传播疾病，因此一共有两个缺点。故选B。

【39题详解】

细节理解题。根据“and the rest of the year working on farms”可知，乡下的孩子们其余的时间要帮忙做农活。故选A。

【40题详解】

推理判断题。根据“Students can lose about 2.6 months of grade level equivalency in Maths and reading skills over the summer months.”可知，孩子们的数学水平和阅读技能都下降了，所以较长的暑假会给孩子们的学业带来不好的影响。故选C。

第二节 阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

阅读短文及文后A～E选项，选出可以填入1～5各题空白处的最佳选项。

Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lot in common. ___41___ They also take a lot of the same subjects, so they would love to study together. But they find impossible. ___42___

Kelly would like to study in a clean, open space, while Maria works best with books, papers and pens around her. ___43___ Kelly can sit for hours without moving, and often gets all her homework done in one sitting. Maria, however, is always getting up, and says that she thinks best when she’s on the move.

___44___ Many people believe that a silent tidy setting is the way to go, but that doesn’t seem necessarily true. Some research has even shown that noise or untidiness helps some people fix their attention on what they are doing, because it makes them form a “wall” in their mind and stay focused.

So, if you choose to study at a table in a busy shopping center, don’t worry about it. ___45___ From Kelly’s and Maria’s stories, the best way to study is the way that works for you. In their very different ways, both do well in school, and both finish their work within the required time as well.

A. If you work in total silence, that will be OK, too.

B. You might be asking yourself: which way of studying gets better results?

C. They have completely different study habits and they can’t study in the same room.

D. They are both fond of going to movies, shopping, or just sitting at a cafe.

E. Kelly prefers to study in a totally silent room, but Maria loves to play music or even have the TV on.

【41~45题答案】

【答案】41. D    42. C    43. E    44. B    45. A

【解析】

【导语】本文通过讲述凯莉和玛丽亚截然不同的学习习惯，得出结论——学习的最佳方式是适合你的方式。安静、整洁的环境是最好的选择，但也有研究表明噪音或不整洁有助于一些人保持专注，只要适合自己的就是最佳的。

【41题详解】

根据“Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lot in common”可知此处陈述她们的共同之处，选项D“他们都喜欢看电影、购物或就坐在咖啡馆里”符合语境。故选D。

【42题详解】

根据“They also take a lot of the same subjects, so they would love to study together. But they find impossible”可知此处讲述不能在一起学习的原因，选项C“他们有完全不同的学习习惯，不能在同一个房间学习”符合语境。故选C。

【43题详解】

根据“Kelly would like to study in a clean, open space, while Maria works best with books, papers and pens around her”以及“Kelly can sit for hours without moving, and often gets all her homework done in one sitting. Maria, however, is always getting up, and says that she thinks best when she’s on the move”可知此处讲述凯利喜欢的学习环境，选项E“凯利更喜欢在一个完全安静的房间里学习，但玛丽亚喜欢放着音乐，甚至开着电视”符合语境。故选E。

【44题详解】

根据“Many people believe that a silent, tidy setting is the way to go, but that doesn’t seem necessarily true. Some research has even shown that noise or untidiness helps some people fix their attention...”可知，此处引出下文比较两种学习方式，选项B“你可能会问自己：哪种学习方式效果更好”符合语境。故选B。

【45题详解】

根据“So, if you choose to study at a table in a busy shopping center, don’t worry about it.”可知，此处与上文的热闹的环境相反，指在安静的环境学习，选项A“如果你在完全安静的环境下学习，那也没关系”符合语境。故选A。

四、写作（共三节，满分30分）

第一节 语篇填词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

根据短文的内容及首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。

In recent years, some Chinese cities have been working hard on rubbish sorting.

Guangzhou has called on people to sort their rubbish into different groups. Wet waste, also called household waste, is food waste that pigs can eat. Things like paper boxes and plastic bottles can be r___46___ and turned into new products. It’s helpful to our environment. H___47___ waste includes things like medicine, batteries, make-up and light bulbs. The chemicals inside these can b___48___ pollute the water and soil and even kill animals and plants.

China is now i___49___ its waste-sorting work and more and more people have learned how to sort rubbish. Although there is still a long way to go, the most important thing for everyone is to take a___50___ in our daily life. Let’s work together!

【46~50题答案】

【答案】46. (r)ecycled   

47. (H)armful   

48. (b)adly   

49. (i)ncreasing   

50. (a)ctions

【解析】

【导语】本文讲述了中国近些年来，一些城市开始致力于垃圾分类。

【46题详解】

句意：像纸箱子和塑料杯子这样的东西可以被循环利用，并且转化为新的产品。根据后文“turned into new products”可知，一些东西可以转化为新的产品，从废弃物到新产品的过程叫循环利用，结合首字母提示，空处听写recycle的过去分词表示被动，故填(r)ecycled。

【47题详解】

句意：有害垃圾包括像药物、电池、化妆品和灯泡这样的东西。根据“like medicine, batteries, make-up and light bulbs”可知，这些垃圾都是有害的，结合首字母提示，故填(H)armful。

【48题详解】

句意：这些垃圾中的化学物质可以很严重地污染水源和土壤，甚至杀死动物和植物。根据后文“even kill animals and plants”可知，这些化学物质的伤害性很高，pollute“污染”，为动词，故空处填副词，结合首字母提示，故填(b)adly。

【49题详解】

句意：中国现在正在增加它的垃圾分类工作，并且越来越多的人了解到如何进行垃圾分类。根据后文“more people have learned how to sort rubbish”可知，越来越多的人了解垃圾分类，原因是中国在不断增加垃圾分类的工作，前有“is”，结合首字母提示，故空处填写动名词表示正在进行时。故填(i)ncreasing。

【50题详解】

句意：虽然有很长的路要走，但是对于每个人来说，最重要的是在我们的日常生活中采取行动。take“采取”，为动词，后接名词，结合首字母提示，故空处填写action“行动”的复数“actions”。故填(a)ctions。

第二节 完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）

51. 多么动听的音乐啊！我听了一遍又一遍。

______ ______ music it was! I listened to it again and again.

【51题答案】

【答案】    ①. What
    ②. beautiful##great##nice##good

【解析】

【详解】考查感叹句。感叹句：What+形容词+名词+主谓；How+形容词或副词+主谓。因为music“音乐”是不可数名词，所以使用what，“动听的”可以使用beautiful/great/nice...故填What；beautiful/great/nice/good。

52. 人们总在电视上看到可爱的冰墩墩。

Bing Dwen Dwen ______ always ______ on TV.

【52题答案】

【答案】    ①. is    ②. seen

【解析】

【详解】根据语境可知，冰墩墩是被人们看见的，这里要用被动语态。句中有always“总是”，时态用一般现在时。see是动词，“看见”，过去分词是seen。主语“Bing Dwen Dwen”是单数，be动词用is，故填is；seen。

53. 有时我们在运动中不容易保持平衡。

Sometimes ______ ______ ______ is not easy when we are exercising.

【53题答案】

【答案】    ①. keeping    ②. our    ③. balance

【解析】

【详解】keep one’s balance“保持平衡”，此处做主语，用动名词短语，故填keeping；our；balance。

54. 老师问我们是否意识到预防压力的重要性。

The teacher asked ______ ______ ______ the importance of guarding against stress.

【54题答案】

【答案】    ①. whether##if    ②. we    ③. realized

【解析】

【详解】根据语境可知，这里考查由whether或if引导的宾语从句。Whether或if表示“是否”的意思，在宾语从句肯定句中whether和if可以互换；从句时态和主句保持一致，主句中用一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。realize“意识到”，过去式是realized。故填whether/if；we；realized。

55. 丝绸之路非常长，经过了很多国家。

The silk road ______ ______ ______ ______ it passed through many countries.

【55题答案】

【答案】    ①. was    ②. so    ③. long    ④. that

【解析】

【详解】根据中文提示，本题考查so...that..,表示“如此……以致于……”；“长”long；结合语境，本题是一般过去时且主语是单数，需用was来做系动词，故填was；so；long；that。

第三节 书面表达（共1小题；满分15分）

56. 今天，学校“英语节”总结交流会上，你的同学李华做了发言，分享了经验。请你写一则英文日记，记录这特别的分享。日记需包括以下要点：

1. 分享者：李华，学校英语演讲比赛一等奖获得者；

2. 分享内容：现场演讲、分享演讲技巧；分享学英语的方法等；

3. 你的收获和感受。

注意：

1. 词数80~120个左右（文章开头、结尾已给出，不计入词数，请根据要点提示适当发挥）

2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。

Thursday, March 31st

Dear Diary,

Today, we listened to a wonderful speech. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【56题答案】

【答案】例文：

 Thursday, March 31st

Dear Diary,

Today, we listened to a wonderful speech. There were twelve students in the contest. Li Hua won the first prize. She shared her speech skills and English learning experience with us. Here are some in her speech.

Before the speech, we should pick the topic and prepare for it. We should write down the outlines and organize what we are going to say. Take a deep breath to relax yourself and start the speech. She said making a speech in public made her confident and brought her great pleasure. She advised us to do a lot of reading and sing English songs. It’s good to listen carefully and take notes in class. I learn a lot from her speech. I am sure I will do better in English.

【解析】

【详解】1.题干解读：本文要求以日记形式记录学校“英语节”总结交流会，内容包括介绍一等奖获奖者；谈谈现场演讲及获奖者分享演讲技巧和学英语的方法，最后谈谈自己的收获和感受。

2. 写作指导：本文用一般过去时和一般现在时写作，介绍演讲及获奖者用一般过去时，介绍获奖者的经验用一般现在时；书写要紧扣主题，分层介绍获奖者，获奖者分析的经验及自己的收获和感受。做到中心突出，内容完整连贯。