2022年中考英语阅读热点_探索外太空（无答案）练习题

这是一份2022年中考英语阅读热点_探索外太空（无答案）练习题，共8页。
British scientists have discvered phsphine gas (磷化氢) in Venus’ atmsphere (大气层). Phsphine is a prmising sign f life. On Earth, phsphine is prduced when rganic (有机的) matter breaks dwn. The same thing culd be happening n Venus.
Still, scientists need t send a prbe (探颔器) t Venus t see whether life exists there.
In fact, Venus has lng been ignred in the search fr life due t its high temperatures and atmspheric pressure.
Venus is the httest planet in the slar system (太阳系)—its surface temperature is 470ºC, which is ht enugh t melt spacecraft. The pressure there is 92 times greater than that n Earth. Even if humans culd bear the heat, they wuld be crushed (粉碎) by the pressure.
Hwever, it’s pssible that life culd exist in the planet’s atmsphere. Temperatures there are abut -1ºC t 93°C , which is far mre suitable fr life. The pressure there is similar t that f Earth as well. The phsphine was fund in Venus’ cludy atmsphere—arund 60 kilmetres abve its surface.
Phsphine is knwn as an indirect sign f life. S are gases like methane and zne (臭氧). Scientists fcus n such signs when they lk fr life utside f Earth. These gases can exist in the atmspheres f planets fr a lng time, allwing scientists t find them with the help f telescpes and prbes. Hwever, it is liquid water that is cnsidered t be the mst imprtant sign f life.
( ) 1. Which planet is the nearest t Earth?
A. The mn.B. The sun.C. Mars. D. Venus.
( ) 2. Where have British scientists discvered phsphine gas?
A. In the slar system. B. On the mn.
C. In Venus’ atmsphere. D. In Mars’ atmsphere.
( ) 3. Why culd life exist in Venus’ atmsphere?
A. Because Venus’ surface temperature is 470幻.
B. Because there is phsphine in Venus’ cludy atmsphere.
C. Because the pressure there is 92 times greater than Earth’s.
D. Because scientists have fund them with the help f telescpes and prbes.
( ) 4. What des the underlined phrase "breaks dwn" mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2?
A. 分解B. 爆发 C. 故障D. 粉碎
Cmmn Myths abut space关于太空的常见误解
On the Internet, we can ften read interesting “facts” abut space. But d yu knw that sme f them are wrng? Perhaps they shuld be thrwn int a black hle!
Myth 1: The sun is yellw.
Many peple believe the afternn sun is yellw. Hwever, the light it gives ut is white. The earth’s atmsphere makes the star appear yellw. This effect is called Rayleigh scattering (瑞利散射). It is als what makes the sky appear blue. (The sky is, in fact, as clear as glass.)
Myth 2: The asterid belt (小行星带) is dangerus.
Many mvies picture the asterid belt as a dangerus place. It is crwded with rcks that run int each ther. Hwever, these mvies are wrng. The asterid belt is a very lnely area. In fact, if yu pulled all the asterids there tgether, they wuld nly be abut fur percent f the weight f the mn. That’s why scientists get excited when they happen t see even ne asterid crashing int anther.
Myth 3: The Great Wall f China is the nly man-made structure that can be seen frm space.
It all depends n where yu believe space begins abve the earth. Frm the Internatinal Space Statin, yu can see the Great Wall and many ther structures. Frm the mn, yu can’t see any structures, but yu may see sme city lights.
Myth 4: The mn is very clse t the earth.
Smetimes, the mn lks very clse. It seems like yu can almst tuch it. In fact, the mn is abut 385, 000 kilmetres away frm the earth. If yu take a Being 747 and fly t the mn at full speed, the jurney will take abut 17 days!
1. What is the authr’s purpse in writing this article?
______________________________________________________________________________2. What clur des Rayleigh scattering which makes the sun appear yellw make ur sky appear?
______________________________________________________________________________3. Accrding t the article, why d scientists get excited when they happen t see even ne asterid crashing int anther?
______________________________________________________________________________4. Accrding t the authr, what man-made structures can we see frm the mn?
______________________________________________________________________________
5. There may be many wrng “facts” n the Internet. In yur pinin, hw can we prevent urselves frm becming misinfrmed by these wrng “facts”? (List at least tw pints.)
______________________________________________________________________________
Never stp explring Mars火星探索从未停止
Many cuntries, including the US, Russia, Japan, India and sme Eurpean cuntries have launched (发射) their wn Mars prbes (探测器). Tday, eight f them are still wrking in space. The explratin f Mars ges n and n.
In 1962, the frmer Sviet Unin launched Mars 1. But the prbe lst its cnnectin when it flew 100 millin kilmetres away frm Earth. Althugh the missin failed, it was ne f the first Mars missins in histry.
In 1964, NASA’s Mariner 4 flew past Mars and was the earliest prbe t take pictures f the planet. Frm then n, the US has been the leader in Mars explratin. The cuntry has made the mst discveries n Mars s far. Fr example, its Mars rver (探测车) Curisity (2011) is studying whether Mars might be OK fr humans t live n. The rver Insight (2018) detected Martian quakes (震动). These tw rvers are still wrking n Mars.
In 2003, the Eurpean Space Agency (ESA, 欧洲航天局) launched the Mars Express. The prbe is in Mars rbit. It fund methane (甲烷) in the atmsphere (大气) f Mars.
In 2014, India launched its Mangalyaan prbe int Mars rbit. It studies the climate and surface f Mars.
In 2020, China and the US are bth starting new Mars missins. This is China’s first Mars missin. It is named Tianwen-1. The US will send the rver Perseverance t Mars. Its jb is t lk fr signs (迹象) f life and bring rck and sil samples (样本) back t Earth.
In 2022, ESA and Rscsms (俄罗斯联邦航天局) will start the ExMars missin. A prbe will fly t Mars. It will take a few mnths. It is ging t find ut if life ever existed n the planet.
The US plans t send astrnauts (宇航员) t Mars in 2030.
( ) 1. Hw many Mars prbes are still wrking in space?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.
( ) 2. When did the frmer Sviet Unin’s prbe lse its cnnectin?
A. When it was 100 millin kilmetres away frm Mars.
B. When it flew 100 millin kilmetres away frm Earth.
C. At the very beginning f the missin.
D. When it landed n the Mars.
( ) 3. What des the underlined wrd “existed” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 7?
A. 繁衍 B. 塑造 C. 存在 D. 消失
( ) 4. Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t the passage?
A. There is methane in the atmsphere f Mars.
B. The Mariner 4 was the earliest prbe t take pictures f the planet.
C. The Mangalyaan prbe studies the climate and surface f Mars.
D. Curisity didn’t land n the Mars.
( ) 5. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. There is life n Mars.
B. The explratin f Mars will becme deeper and deeper.
C. The US has been the leader in Mars explratin.
D. Astrnauts have landed n Mars.
China's Zhurng rver returned its first pictures中国“祝融号”探测器传回第一批照片
The Zhurng rver was transprted n a lng jurney t Mars by the Tianwen-I spacecraft which began rbiting the red planet in February.The rver tuched dwn n the surface f the planet befre midnight n May 15.2021.
It is an imprtant event fr China,as nly the US had ever managed t land smething n ur neighburing planet befre Zhurng.Sme ther cuntries have als tried befre,but their rvers have either crashed(坠毁)r lst cntact after landing, Chinese leader cngratulated the missin team n its“utstanding achievement.”
Less than a week after its landing,Zhurng returned its first tw pictures.One is a black-and-white pht taken thrugh a fisheye lens(鱼眼镜头)shwing a view f where it landed,The ther is in clur,shwing a view f the rver's slar panels(太阳能电池板).
If things g as planned,Zhurng will spend at least three mnths studying the lcal envirnment arund it and lking fr signs f water ice(水冰)n the Martian surface.
“Mars is the mst likely planet in ur slar system fr us t live n in the future.That s why we want t explre it,"Ge Jian,a Chinese scientist,said.“Tianwen-!and Zhurng will set the stage fr future Mars missins,including a sample(样本)return missin set t take place in the2030s,”
( )1.When did the Zhurng rver begin rbiting Mars?
A.In May.B.In February.C.In2020.D.In2030.
( )2.What can we learn frm Paragraph 2?
A.The US failed t land smething n Mars.
B.Many cuntries managed t land smething n Mars.
C.Only tw cuntries landed their rvers n Mars.
D.All the rvers crashed r lst cntact after landing.
( )3.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t Paragraph 3?
A.Zhurng has sent tw pictures befre its landing.
B.The pictures that Zhurng sent were all black and white.
C.The black-and-white pht shwed a view f the rver's slar panels.
D.Zhurng shwed a view f where it landed thrugh a fisheye lens.
( )4.What will Zhurng d n Mars as planned?
A.Study the lcal envirnment arund it.
B.Lk fr signs f water ice n the earth surface.
C.Tuch dwn n the surface f the planet.
D.Begin rbiting the red planet.
( )5.What can we knw frm the last paragraph?
A.We will live n Mars in the 2030s.
B.Zhurng will cntinue t explre Mars.
C.Tianacen-I has als retumed the pictures n Mars.
D.We explre Mars because it is suitable fr humans t live n.
FAST pens t the wrld天眼向全球开放
Whenever I gaze (凝视) int the night sky, I dream f explring the things that are hidden behind the black “curtains”. This is especially true after I had read the ppular science-fictin nvel the Three-Bdy Prblem. S perhaps yu can never imagine hw excited I felt when I was given the chance t attend a lecture given by Mr Li Di, a chief scientist f China’s FAST, and afterwards, t be able t interview him.
FAST is shrt fr the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Radi Telescpe (500米口径球面射电望远镜). It is lcated in Guizhu Prvince. During the lecture, Mr Li let us knw mre details abut FAST. Thrugh his intrductin, I knew that FAST is currently the wrld’s largest single-dish radi telescpe.
Mr Li als shared sme stries behind the amazing telescpe. At first, the budget fr the prject was very lw, s the astrnmers (天文学家) wh wrked n it culd hardly affrd the machines. Their living cnditins were terrible. Despite the great difficulties, the astrnmers refused t give up building the telescpe. After having learned these stries, I felt even pruder f the telescpe. It culdn’t have been cmpleted withut the hard wrk f many persistent (不屈不挠的) Chinese scientists.
FAST, the wrld’s mst advanced (先进的) telescpe, is nw pen t researchers all arund the wrld. Astrnmers arund the wrld are using it t explre the mysteries behind the black “curtains”. FAST is the pride f the Chinese peple. Mr Li tld us that China is planning t build many mre telescpes like FAST. I hpe I can grw up t be a persistent wman and help the cnstructin (建造) f these telescpes.
( ) 1. What can we learn abut FAST frm the passage?
A. FAST is lcated in Sichuan Prvince.
B. FAST is currently the wrld’s secnd largest single-dish radi telescpe.
C. FAST is used t explre the ceans.
D. FAST is shrt fr the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Radi Telescpe.
( ) 2. What des the underlined wrd “budget” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?
A. 水平 B. 预算 C. 技术 D. 预期
( ) 3. The telescpe is successfully cnstructed because f ______.
A. the hard wrk f many persistent Chinese scientists
B. the advanced technlgy that China wns
C. the high budget fr this prject
D. the supprt f Chinese gvernment
( ) 4. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. China is planning t build mre telescpes like FAST.
B. FAST is currently pen t researches in a few cuntries.
C. The authr has learnt a lt abut persistence frm the cnstructin f FAST.
D. Chinese peple are very prud f FAST.
( ) 5. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. FAST is the mst advanced telescpe and the pride f the Chinese peple.
B. FAST is a prject that may face difficulties in the future.
C. Scientists wh built FAST is hard-wrking and persistent.
D. I dream f explring the things behind the the sky.