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高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 A glimpse of the future导学案
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 A glimpse of the future导学案，共26页。学案主要包含了审题谋篇，预设情节，词汇储备，句型运用，句式升级，串句成文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. agile /'ædʒaɪl/adj.敏捷的, 灵活的→ agilely /'ædʒəlɪ/adv. 灵活地; 头脑敏捷地
2. mechanical /mɪ'kænɪkl/ adj.机械的→ mechanically /mə'kænɪkli/adv. 机械地; 呆板地; 物理上地→ mechanic /mə'kænɪk/n.技工, 机修工
3. imitatin /ɪmɪ'teɪʃn/n.仿制品→ imitate /'ɪmɪteɪt/vt. 模仿, 仿效; 仿制→ imitative /'ɪmɪtətɪve/adj. 模仿的; 仿制的
4. tightly /'taɪtli/adv.紧紧地→ tight /taɪt/adj. 紧的; 严密的; 绷紧的→ tighten /'taɪtn/v. 变紧; 使变紧
5. desperate /'despərət/adj.拼命的, 绝望的→ desperately /'despərətli/adv. 拼命地; 绝望地; 极度地
6. faulty /'fɔ: lti/adj.有故障的, 有缺陷的→ fault /fɔ: lt/n. 故障; 过错; 缺点; 毛病→ faultless /'fɔ: ltləs/adj. 完美的; 无缺点的
7. cnsistent /kən’sɪstənt/adj.一贯的, 一致的→ cnsistently /kən’sɪstəntli/adv. 一贯地; 一致地; 坚实地
8. suthern /'sʌðən/adj. 向南的; 南方的→ suth /saʊθ/n. 南 adj.南方的 adv.向南, 朝南
9. adjust /ə'dʒʌst/vi.& vt. 适应, 习惯; 调整, 调节→ adjustment /ə'dʒʌstmənt/n.调整, 调节; 适应→ adjustable /ə'dʒʌstble/adj.可调整的, 可调节的
10. exist /ɪg’zɪst/vi.存在; 生存→ existence /ɪg’zɪstəns/n.存在; 生活→ existing /ɪg’zɪstɪŋ/adj.现有的, 现存的
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.参加; 经受; 仔细检查; 通过 g thrugh
2.出毛病; 弄错; 发生故障 g wrng
3.一直; 总是 all the time
4.坚持, 维持; 伸出; 提供机会 hld ut
5.调节; 调整以适应 adjust t
6.change ne’s mind 某人改变主意
7.set ut 出发; 开始; 陈述; 陈列
8.be cnsistent with 与……一致
9.in shck 震惊
10.break dwn 出故障; (计划等)失败; (身体、精神等)垮掉
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
2.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading fr the details.
Chse the best answer accrding t the text.
1.Wh wanted t knw where Jimmy was?
A.Mr Andersn.
Mn-brn man.
答案：A
2.What made Jimmy lk very fat?
A.The spacesuit.
C.The lunar Earth.
答案：B
3.Why did Rbutt run faster than Jimmy?
A.Because it culd rlled arund.
B.Because it knew well abut the race.
C.Because it didn’t need a spacesuit.
D.Because it was brn n the mn.
答案：C
4.What was Rbutt actually accrding t the passage?
A.A dg frm the Earth.B.A man frm the Earth.
C.A rbt like a human.D.A little rbt dg.
答案：D
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是“续写故事”, 落实了“Listening and Speaking”的交际功能, 使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实。续写故事, 对于已经有了一定学习基础的本阶段的学生来说, 是大开脑洞、激发思维、创新写作的机会。
读后续写
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合、综合考查学生语言表达能力、思维以及创新能力的有效题型。
1. 续写内容虽然没有明确的限制, 但在形式上设置了两个方面的限制：一是词数方面, 所续写的词数应为150左右; 二是续写方面, 分两段, 每段开头语已写好, 在方向上对续写内容进行了一定的限制;
2. 续写所给的段落开头语均对故事的发展有提示、衔接、引导和限制作用;
3. 续写时要注意站在作者的角度, 保持原作语言风格和写作思路, 内容导向要积极向上, 尽量把事物美好的一面展现给读者。
阅读下面短文, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was summer, and my dad wanted t treat me t a vacatin like never befre. He decided t take me n a trip t the Wild West.
We tk a plane t Albuquerque, a big city in the state f New Mexic. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternn. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up frm the airprt and drve us up t his farm in Pecs.
His wife Tina cked us a delicius dinner and we gt t knw his sns Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guest rm f the farm huse listening t the frgs and water rlling dwn the river nearby. Very early in the mrning, Uncle Paul wke us up t have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn n my farm,” he said. After breakfast, I went t help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul t take the sheep ut t graze(吃草). I was impressed t see my dad and Uncle Paul riding hrses. They lked really cl.
In the afternn, I asked Uncle Paul if I culd take a hrse ride, and he said yes, as lng as my dad went with me. I wasn’t ging t take a hrse ride by myself anyway. S, my dad and I put n ur new cwby hats, gt n ur hrses, and headed slwly twards the muntains. “Dn’t be late fr supper,” Uncle Paul cried. “And keep t the track s that yu dn’t get lst!” “OK!” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm huse were ut f sight. It was s peaceful and quiet and the clurs f the brwn rcks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternn sun mixed t create a magic scene. It lked like a beautiful wven(编织的) blanket spread ut upn the grund just fr us.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped ut in frnt f my hrse.
We had n idea where we were and it was getting dark.
【审题谋篇】
【预设情节】
1.Paragraph 1: 小兔子跳到马前。担心弄伤兔子, 作者竭力牵住马。（1） 马开始惊慌失措地跑了起来 。一切都太突然, 作者惊呆了。（2） 父亲告诉作者牵住缰绳 , 马才慢慢停了下来。等到下马时, 作者发现找不到原来的路, （3） 他们真的迷路了 。
Paragraph 2: 天黑了下来, 又迷路了。又饿又累, 作者担心真的找不到回去的路。(4) 作者大声喊叫, 但没有回应 。父亲有点儿担心, 提醒作者保持冷静。听到了河的流水声, 作者想了想, (5) 觉得可以沿着河流找到回去的路 。不久他们就看到了远处的灯光。他们安全了。这真是以前没有经历过的一个刺激的假期。
【词汇储备】
1.惊叫一声 let ut a cry
2.松手放开 let g f
3.保持冷静 keep calm
4.使我感到宽慰的是 t my relief
5.从……跳下 jump ff
6.迷路 get lst
7.不久 befre lng
8.看见 catch sight f
【句型运用】
1.我担心会伤害这个可爱的小动物。
I was afraid that I might hurt the lvely small creature.
2.我不假思索地大叫一声让马停下来。
I autmatically let ut a cry t stp my hrse.
3.但是, 在我们跳下马来之前, 我们发现我们已经偏离了走过的路, 迷失了方向。
But befre we jumped ff the hrses, we fund that we had been ff the beaten track and gt lst.
4.我一直大声呼救, 但是没有回应。
I kept shuting fr help, but there was n reply.
5.我希望有人能听到我的叫声。
I hped my shuts culd be heard by smene.
【句式升级】
1.用形容词作状语连接1和2。
Afraid that I might hurt the lvely small creature, I autmatically let ut a cry t stp my hrse.
2.用分词短语作状语连接4和5。
I kept shuting fr help, hping my shuts culd be heard by smene, but there was n reply.
【串句成文】
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped ut in frnt f my hrse. Afraid that I might hurt the lvely small creature, I autmatically let ut a cry t stp my hrse. Hwever, it became scared and started t run like crazy. All this cming withut warning, I was seized by fear. “Dn’t let g f the rpe! Keep calm!” yelled Dad. I fllwed what he tld me t d. T my relief, it stpped slwly. But befre we jumped ff the hrses, we fund that we had been ff the beaten track and gt lst.
We had n idea where we were and it was getting dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wndered if we culd find ur way back. I kept shuting fr help, hping my shuts culd be heard by smene, but there was n reply. Dad sunded a little wrried as he reminded me t keep calm. It was then that my mind raced. “Listen, Dad, the rushing river water,” I shuted excitedly. “We can return t the farm huse dwn the river.” Befre lng, we caught sight f the lights in the distance. We knew we were safe. What a thrilling vacatin we had, like never befre!
实战演练
1.阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
eight-year-ld Carl lived with her father David, Mther May and elder brther Rb. The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrunded with beautiful nature. The village was at the ft f a muntain, with beautiful views f the snwy muntain. The family survived n grwing seasnal plants and trees. Their life was ttally surrunded by nature and beauty.
While they lived a very happy life, Carl did nt lve the beautiful atmsphere f the village. She really wanted t mve int the city and enjy the city life. She wanted t shp, mve arund the city, watch mvies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
Hwever, there was hardly any chance that Carl’s family mved t the city as they had everything in the village.
One day, Carl fell asleep during the early nn and she had a sund sleep. Of curse, she had a strange dream. She saw her grandmther in her dream as a fairy and her deceased grandmther granted her a wish. Carl requested her that she shuld lve t enjy the city life as she always desired.
Grandmther understd the desire f Carl, but still wanted t cnvince her that the peaceful village life was better than the city life.
She tld Carl, “Baby, yu cannt have access t fresh fruits and vegetables frm plants as yu have at yur hme. Yu cannt breathe fresh air. Yu cannt play with animals. Yu can hardly find any trees. Yu will nt find peace as yu see here! D yu still want t g t the city?”
Withut hearing the cncerns, Carl asked her grandmther t grant the wish. Grandmther granted her wish, but with a cnditin. Carl was tld that she wuld nly have 6 hurs t spend in the city. Later, she wuld return t the village. Carl agreed.
注意: 续写词数应为 150 左右。
Carl then fund herself in the city with her friends.
Carl’s brther Rb was calling her fr lunch and Carl wke up.
解析：深度解析
确定故事要素
解析：提取故事线索
解析：续写情境推理
Para. 1: Carl then fund herself in the city with her friends.
What did Carl want t d?
She really wanted t mve int the city and enjy the city life. She wanted t shp, mve arund the city, watch mvies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
(此处体现Carl对大城市的渴望。)
Para. 2: Carl’s brther Rb was calling her fr lunch and Carl wke up.
1. Was the city life as beautiful as she wished?
She realized that her life in the village with her family was far mre wnderful than the city life. (续写故事要有积极向上的价值观, 体现积极的人生观, 所以要珍惜眼前的美好。)
2. What did Carl d after she wke up?
She shared her dream with her family while enjying the fresh fruits and vegetables, and they laughed tgether.
(依据所给材料, Carl对比她现有的生活, 发现了农村生活的安宁, 她和家人在农村更快乐。）3. Hw did she live her life then?
Carl als develped lve fr plants, animals and beautiful nature.
（最后段落要体现出Carl感受到大自然的美好并与之和谐相处。）
答案：高分范文
Carl then fund herself in the city with her friends. Carl and her friends went t watch mvies. After that they ate delicius fd in a restaurant and shpped in a huge mall. Carl was happy that she had the chance t experience the life in the city. Yet at the same time, she understd that everything tld by her grandmther was true in the city. There was n peace and n silence; the city life was fast and busy. The air quality was nt satisfying. She culd hardly find any animal r even a tree.;
Carl’s brther Rb was calling her fr lunch and Carl wke up. She recalled what happened just nw in her dream and realized that her life in the village with her family was far mre wnderful than the city life. Carl understd that she was having a mre jyful life. She shared her dream with her family while enjying the fresh fruits and vegetables, and they laughed tgether. Carl als develped lve fr plants, animals and beautiful nature.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. desperate adj.拼命的, 绝望的; 极渴望的; 危急的
He was frwning, t, and the desperate lk n his face meant that he wuldn’t change his mind. (教材P45)他也皱着眉头, 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。
典例翻译
①He’s desperate fr mney.
他极渴望得到钱。
②The sudden lss f his mney made him desperate.
突然丢钱使他很绝望。
③Other wmen are desperate t get back t wrk.
其他妇女都渴望恢复工作。
④She lked desperately arund fr a weapn.
她在四下里找, 急于弄到一件武器。
归纳拓展
1.极需某物; 极想要某物 be desperate fr sth.
2.渴望做某事 be desperate t d sth.
3.绝望地; 不顾一切地; 拼命地adv. desperately
4. feel/be desperate abut 对……绝望
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I felt desperate abut my future.
②He was desperate fr wrk t prvide fd fr his children.
③Even if yu are desperate t get （get）married, never let it shw.
（2）完成句子
④他们渴望从农业转向工业, 而且他们极其需要这样做。
They are desperate t shift frm farming t industry, and they need t d it s desperately .
2. slpe v.有坡度, 倾斜 n.斜坡, 倾斜
The uter side f the crater slped suthward and the Earth, which was lw in the suthern sky, was nearly full, s that the entire crater-slpe was brightly lit. (教材P44)环形山的外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。
典例翻译
①The twn is built n a slpe.
这个城镇建在斜坡上。
②Dn’t think yu can slpe ff just because my back’s turned.
别以为我转过身去你就可以溜掉。
③The hrses labured up the steep slpe.
那些马费力地爬上了陡坡。
归纳拓展
（1）slpe n. 斜坡; 倾斜
在斜坡上 n a slpe
缓/陡坡 a gentle/steep slpe
（2）slpe v. 有坡度, 倾斜
slpe t 倾斜至
slpe twards 向……倾斜
潜逃, 迅速走开 slpe ff
学以致用
单句填空
①Let’s slpe ff smewhere quiet and have a drink.
②The rad slpes gradually t the village.
③The hspital is n the eastward slpe f the hill.
④He spends all winter n the slpes (slpe)( = skiing).
3. cnsistent adj. 一贯的, 一致的
Nw make cmments n yur partner’s stry and see whether the language style is cnsistent. (教材P47)现在对你同伴的故事进行评论, 看看语言风格是否一致。
典例翻译
①Once, we saw it was mving in a pattern cnsistent with an rbit.
有一次, 我们看到它以与轨道一致的方式移动。
②His wrds des nt cnsist with facts.
他的话与事实不符。
③His breakfast cnsists f dry bread and a cup f tea.
他的早餐由不涂黄油的面包和一杯茶组成。
④Gd service cnsists in punctuality and dependability.
良好的服务在于守时与可靠。
归纳拓展
（1）cnsistent adj. 一贯的
与……一致/符合的 be cnsistent with
（2）cnsist v. 组成; 在于; 符合
由……组成 cnsist f
存在于…… cnsist in
和……一致 cnsist with
误区警示
cnsist f不用于被动语态和进行时。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① Cnsisting (cnsist) f tw campuses, this schl cvers a ttal area f 400 square kilmeters with mre than 4,000 students and teachers.
②True wealth des nt cnsist in what we have but in what we are.
③She’s nt very cnsistent (cnsist) in the way she treats her children.
（2）句型转换
④This reprt cnsists with what we have already knwn.
→This reprt is cnsistent with what we have already knwn.
4. hld ut伸出
Jimmy held ut his arms and Rbutt was in them in ne bund. (教材P45)吉米伸出双臂, 罗布一下子就跳了进去。
典例翻译
①Dctrs hld ut little hpe f her recvering.
医生对她的痊愈基本不抱希望。
②The peratr asked the caller t hld n until a cnnectin was made.
接线员请打电话者不要挂断, 等候电话接通。
③He was s impatient that I culd hardly hld him back.
他是那样急躁, 我简直拉不住他。
④Hw sn can yu get hld f that yung man?
你什么时候才能找到那个年轻人呢?
归纳拓展
1.寄予(希望); 维持, 坚持 hld ut
2.阻挡; 控制(感情等) hld back
3.别挂断(电话), 稍等; 握紧 hld n
4.抓住; 设法联系上 get hld f
5. hld up耽搁, 阻碍
学以致用
（1）用hld短语的正确形式填空
①When the writer arrived hme and saw his mther, he culdn’t hld back his tears.
②We can stay here fr as lng as ur supplies hld ut .
③Srry, I’m late, but my train was held up n the way.
④ Hld n t the seat in frnt when we g rund the crner.
（2）完成句子
⑤如果一个超重的人吃了很多, 我就会控制一点, 因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。（2020全国新高考, 阅读理解）
If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits.
重点句型
1. This/That is/was why…这/那就是……的原因。
That’s why I’m bring ne here. (教材P44)那就是为什么我带一个来这里。
典例翻译
①Tm was ill. That was why he came late fr the meeting.
汤姆病了。那就是他开会迟到的原因。
②I think, this is why I’ve travelled thusands f miles.
我想, 这就是我不远千里赶来的原因。
③This is because there are many careless peple.
这是由于有很多粗心的人。
④The reasn why the injectin needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。
归纳拓展
（1）那/这就是为什么……(why引导的从句表示结果) That/This is/was why…
（2）那/这是因为……(because引导的从句表示原因) That/This is/was because…
（3）……的原因是…… The reasn why…is/was that…
学以致用
1.完成句子
①汤姆开会迟到了。那是因为他没赶上公共汽车。Tm came late fr the meeting. That was because he didn’t catch the bus.
②汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。
The reasn why Tm came late fr the meeting was that he was ill .
③这是因为植物可以用空气、水和阳光制造食物。
This is because plants can make fd frm air, water and sunlight.
④我写这封信的原因是我有一个关于写作风格的问题。
The reasn why I write this letter t yu is that I have a prblem in respect f the writing style.
2. s that引导结果状语从句
The uter side f the crater slped suthward and the Earth, which was lw in the suthern sky, was nearly full, s that the entire crater-slpe was brightly lit. (教材P44)环形山的外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。
典例翻译
①Speak luder s that everybdy can hear yu.
大声点讲话, 让每个人都能听见。
②We arrived early in rder that we gt gd seats.
为了占到好座位, 我们到得很早。
③It was very cld, s that the river frze.
天气寒冷, 因此河水都结冰了。
④He nted every detail s as t/in rder t fix the scene in his mind.
他注意到了每一个细节以便牢记这个场面。
归纳拓展
（1）s that“为了, 以便, 目的是”, 引导目的状语从句, 相当于in rder that(为了)。从句中常常使用情态动词can/culd、may/might、will/wuld等。s that引导的目的状语从句不能放于句首, 而in rder that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首, 也可放在主句之后。
（2）当s that或in rder that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时, 从句可变为s as t或in rder t的动词不定式短语。
（3）s that引导结果状语从句, 意为“因此, 所以”。
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①我将告诉你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
I will tell yu all the facts s that/in rder that yu can judge by yurself.
②为了准时赶到那里, 我们应该早些出发。
In rder that we can get there n time, we shuld set ut early.
（2）句型转换
③He raised his vice t make himself heard.
= He raised his vice s as t/in rder t make himself heard .
= He raised his vice s that/in rder that he culd make himself heard .
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.They said they fund a fresh crater (火山口)exactly where Mr. Stuart had phtgraphed the bright light.
2.At 20 years ld he was nt as strng, as fast, as agile (灵活的) as he is nw.
3.My judgement was frequently faulty (有缺陷的), but my lyalty t the natin culd nt be questined.
4.I’ve been hping we might turn up sme clues (线索)here.
5.The bank slpes (倾斜)dwn sharply t the river.
6.The children had a cmpetitin t see wh culd hp (跳跃)the fastest.
7.As I came up in the elevatr just nw, it squeaked (发出吱吱声).
8.Jim frwned (皱眉)frm time t time when he caught the curius glance f sme strangers.
9.In ther wrds, the wave has gained (r lst) half a wavelength (波长)in the prcess f reflectin.
10.Whatever the style, it shuld be cnsistent (一贯的).
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
1.She went thrugh a perid f emtinal adjustment after her marriage brke up.
2.Everyne was in shck . Sme peple were crying and n ne really knew what was happening.
3.He pened his lips as thugh he wuld say smething t yu r make sme reply.
4.We are bund t d what we can t help the disabled.
5.Seeing her sn again after tw years’ absence, the mther held ut her arms t embrace him.
6.Mre help is n the hrizn fr China’s film industry.
7.I dn’t knw anything abut luck. I’ve never banked n it, and I’m afraid f peple wh d.
8.I have n chice but t bther yu t crrect my mistakes in the material attached t the letter.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.
The uter side f the crater slped suthward and the Earth, 1. which was lw in the suthern sky, was nearly full, s that the entire crater-slpe was 2. brightly （bright） lit. The slpe was a gentle ne and even the 3. weight （weigh） f the spacesuit culdn’t keep Jimmy frm racing up it in a flating hp that made the gravity seem nnexistent.
Jimmy, expert 4. thugh/as he was, culdn’t utrace Rbutt, wh didn’t need 5. a spacesuit, and had fur legs and tendns f steel. Jimmy culdn’t g wrng 6. while Rbutt was arund, 7. tripping （trip） him when he was t near a rck, r jumping n him 8. t shw （shw） hw much he lved him, r circling arund and squeaking lw and scared when Jimmy 9. hid （hide） behind a rck, when all the time Rbutt knew well enugh 10. where he was.教材原文
A By’s Best Friend
Mr Andersn said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear?”
“Out n the crater,” said Mrs Andersn. “Rbutt is with him. Did he arrive?” “Yes. He’s at the rcket statin, ging thrugh the tests. I haven’t really seen ne since I left Earth 15 years ag.” “Jimmy has never seen ne,” said Mrs Andersn. “Because he’s Mn-brn and can’t visit Earth. That’s why I’m bringing ne here. I think it’s the first ne ever n the Mn.” Jimmy was ut n the crater, as his mther had said. His arms and legs were lng and agile. He lked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit n, but he culd handle the lunar gravity as n Earth-brn human being culd. The uter side f the crater slped suthward and the Earth, which was lw in the suthern sky, was nearly full, s that the entire crater-slpe was brightly lit. The slpe was a gentle ne and even the weight f the spacesuit culdn’t keep Jimmy frm racing up it in a flating hp that made the gravity seem nnexistent.
“Cme n, Rbutt,” he shuted. Rbutt, wh culd hear him by radi, squeaked and bunded after.
Jimmy, expert thugh he was, culdn’t utrace Rbutt, wh didn’t need a spacesuit, and had fur legs and tendns f steel. Jimmy culdn’t g wrng while Rbutt was arund, tripping him when he was t near a rck, r jumping n him t shw hw much he lved him, r circling arund and squeaking lw and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rck, when all the time Rbutt knew well enugh where he was.
He heard his father’s vice n his private wavelength. “Jimmy, cme back. I have smething t tell yu.” Mr Andersn was smiling. “We have smething fr yu, Jimmy. It’s at the rcket statin nw, but we’ll have it tmrrw after all the tests are ver.” “Frm Earth, Dad?”
“A dg frm Earth, sn. The first dg n the Mn. Yu wn’t need Rbutt any mre. We can’t keep them bth, and sme ther by r girl will have Rbutt.” He seemed t be waiting fr Jimmy t say smething, then he said, “Yu knw what a dg is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Rbutt’s nly a mechanical imitatin, a rbt-mutt. That’s hw he gt his name.”
Jimmy frwned. “Rbutt isn’t an imitatin, Dad.”
“Rbutt’s just steel and wiring and a simple psitrnic brain.” “He des everything I want him t d, Dad. He understands me.” “N, sn. Rbutt is just a machine. It’s just prgrammed t act the way it des. A dg is alive. Yu’ll see the difference nce he gets here.”
Jimmy lked at Rbutt, wh was squeaking again, a very lw, slw squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held ut his arms and Rbutt was in them in ne bund. Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Rbutt and the dg?”
“It’s hard t explain, ” said Mr Andersn, “but it will be easy t see. The dg will really lve yu. Rbutt is just adjusted t act as thugh it lves yu.”
“But, Dad, we dn’t knw what’s inside the dg, r what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, t.”
Mr Andersn frwned. “Jimmy, yu’ll knw the difference when yu experience the lve f a living thing.”
Jimmy held Rbutt tightly. He was frwning, t, and the desperate lk n his face meant that he wuldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference hw they act? Hw abut hw I feel? I lve Rbutt and that’s what cunts.”
And the little rbt-mutt, which had never been held s tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks-happy squeaks.
(Adaptatin f excerpts frm “A By’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimv)
教材译文 一个男孩最好的朋友
安德森先生说:“吉米在哪儿, 亲爱的?”
“在外面火山口上,”安德森夫人说。
“罗布和他在一起。他到达了吗?”“是的。它在火箭发射站经受测试。自从15年前离开地球以来, 我还没有真正看到过狗。”
“吉米从来没见过,”安德森夫人说。
“因为他出生在月球, 不能访问地球。那就是为什么我带一只狗来这里。我想这是第一只登上月球的小狗。”
正如吉米的母亲所说, 吉米在外面的环形山上。他的胳膊和腿又长又灵活。穿上宇航服后, 他看上去更笨重、更胖, 但他能承受月球引力, 这是地球上出生的人做不到的。环形山外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。倾斜很是平缓, 即使加上太空服的重量, 还是不能阻止吉米的身体跳着跃向山坡, 看上去就像重力似乎不存在一样。
“来吧, 罗布,”他喊道。罗布通过电波辨认出他的声音, 它尖叫着蹦蹦跳跳地跟在后面。
吉米, 他虽然是专家, 也无法超越不需要太空服的罗布, 它有四条腿和钢铁般的肌腱。只要有罗布在周围, 吉米就不会出错, 当吉米太靠近岩石时就拦住他, 或跳到他身上显示它是多么爱他, 或者当吉米躲在一块石头后面时, 它会绕着圈子, 发出低低的吱吱声, 使人害怕,无论什么时候, 罗布都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
他在自己的私人波段听到了父亲的声音：“吉米, 回来。我有事要告诉你。”
安德森先生笑了,“我们有东西要给你, 吉米。它现在在火箭发射站, 但是我们明天所有的测试结束后就可以拿到它了。”
“来自地球, 爸爸?”
“一只来自地球的狗, 儿子。第一只登上月球的狗。你再也不需要罗布了。我们不能把它们两个都留下, 其他的男孩或女孩会有罗布。”他似乎在等吉米说什么, 然后他说:“吉米, 你知道狗是什么。狗是有生命的。罗布只是一个机械的仿制品, 一只机器狗。那就是它的名字的由来。”
吉米皱起了眉头。“爸爸, 罗布不是仿制品。”
“罗布只有钢铁、电线和一个简单的电子大脑。”
“爸爸, 我要它做什么它就做什么。它懂我。”
“不, 儿子。罗布只是一台机器。它只是按照自己的方式运行。狗是活着的。一旦它到这儿, 你会看到这种差别。”
吉米看着罗布, 它又在吱吱叫了, 那是一种很低很慢的吱吱声, 似乎受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂, 罗布一下子就跳了进去。
吉米说:“罗布和那只狗有什么不同?”
“这很难解释,”安德森先生表示,“但很容易看出来。狗狗会真的爱你。罗布只是做出调整, 表现得好像它也爱你一样。”
“但是, 爸爸, 我们不知道狗的内心是什么, 也不知道它的感受是什么。也许这只是演戏罢了。”
安德森皱起了眉头。“吉米, 你会知道的, 当你体验到对一个生物的爱时, 你会感到其中的不同。”
吉米紧紧地抱着罗布, 他也皱着眉头, 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。他说,“但是它们的行为有什么不同呢? 我的感觉如何? 我爱罗布, 这才是重要的。”
小机器狗自诞生起从来没有被抓得这么紧过, 它吱吱叫得又高又快——快活的吱吱声。
(根据艾萨克·阿西莫夫写的《孩子最好的朋友》节选改编)
句型公式
thugh/as引导让步状语从句的倒装形式
教材原句
Jimmy,expert thugh he was, culdn’t utrace Rbutt, wh didn’t need a spacesuit, and had fur legs and tendns f steel. 吉米, 他虽然是专家, 也无法超越不需要太空服的罗布, 它有四条腿和钢铁般的肌腱。
中文例句
虽然他一直在努力学习, 但他还是没有通过那次考试。
句式仿写
Hard as/thugh he had been wrking, he didn’t pass the exam.
句型公式
nce引导状语从句
教材原句
Yu’ll see the differencencehe gets here. 一旦它到这儿, 你会看到这种差别。
中文例句
你一旦陷进深雪中, 那就很难出来。
句式仿写
Once yu’re stuck in deep snw, it’s difficult t get ut.
Wh
I, Dad, Uncle Paul, Tina, Ryan and Kyle
When
an afternn in summer
Where
in the muntains f the Wild West
What
S, my dad and I put n ur new cwby hats, gt n ur hrses, and headed slwly twards the muntains.
Hw
After a while Uncle Paul and his farm huse were ut f sight. It lked like a beautiful wven(编织的) blanket spread ut upn the grund just fr us.
Why
I asked Uncle Paul if I culd take a hrse ride…
要素
内容
Wh
Carl, David, May, Rb, her late grandmther
When
during the early nn
Where
in the village
What
Carl had a strange dream. She saw her grandmther as a fairy, wh granted her the wish.
Why
Carl really wanted t mve int the city and enjy the city life.
故事线索Clue
a dream-desire—peaceful village life
开端Beginning
The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrunded with beautiful nature. Carl was eager t live in the city.
发展Develpment
Carl had a dream, where she saw her late grandmther. Her deceased grandmther as a fairy granted her a wish t enjy the city life.
高潮Climax
She wuld nly have 6 hurs t spend in the city.
结局Ending
续写部分
hld ut, as thugh, in shck, have n chice but, g thrugh, be bund t, bank n, n the hrizn
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. agile /'ædʒaɪl/adj.敏捷的, 灵活的→ agilely /'ædʒəlɪ/adv. 灵活地; 头脑敏捷地
2. mechanical /mɪ'kænɪkl/ adj.机械的→ mechanically /mə'kænɪkli/adv. 机械地; 呆板地; 物理上地→ mechanic /mə'kænɪk/n.技工, 机修工
3. imitatin /ɪmɪ'teɪʃn/n.仿制品→ imitate /'ɪmɪteɪt/vt. 模仿, 仿效; 仿制→ imitative /'ɪmɪtətɪve/adj. 模仿的; 仿制的
4. tightly /'taɪtli/adv.紧紧地→ tight /taɪt/adj. 紧的; 严密的; 绷紧的→ tighten /'taɪtn/v. 变紧; 使变紧
5. desperate /'despərət/adj.拼命的, 绝望的→ desperately /'despərətli/adv. 拼命地; 绝望地; 极度地
6. faulty /'fɔ: lti/adj.有故障的, 有缺陷的→ fault /fɔ: lt/n. 故障; 过错; 缺点; 毛病→ faultless /'fɔ: ltləs/adj. 完美的; 无缺点的
7. cnsistent /kən’sɪstənt/adj.一贯的, 一致的→ cnsistently /kən’sɪstəntli/adv. 一贯地; 一致地; 坚实地
8. suthern /'sʌðən/adj. 向南的; 南方的→ suth /saʊθ/n. 南 adj.南方的 adv.向南, 朝南
9. adjust /ə'dʒʌst/vi.& vt. 适应, 习惯; 调整, 调节→ adjustment /ə'dʒʌstmənt/n.调整, 调节; 适应→ adjustable /ə'dʒʌstble/adj.可调整的, 可调节的
10. exist /ɪg’zɪst/vi.存在; 生存→ existence /ɪg’zɪstəns/n.存在; 生活→ existing /ɪg’zɪstɪŋ/adj.现有的, 现存的
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.参加; 经受; 仔细检查; 通过 g thrugh
2.出毛病; 弄错; 发生故障 g wrng
3.一直; 总是 all the time
4.坚持, 维持; 伸出; 提供机会 hld ut
5.调节; 调整以适应 adjust t
6.change ne’s mind 某人改变主意
7.set ut 出发; 开始; 陈述; 陈列
8.be cnsistent with 与……一致
9.in shck 震惊
10.break dwn 出故障; (计划等)失败; (身体、精神等)垮掉
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
2.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading fr the details.
Chse the best answer accrding t the text.
1.Wh wanted t knw where Jimmy was?
A.Mr Andersn.
Mn-brn man.
答案：A
2.What made Jimmy lk very fat?
A.The spacesuit.
C.The lunar Earth.
答案：B
3.Why did Rbutt run faster than Jimmy?
A.Because it culd rlled arund.
B.Because it knew well abut the race.
C.Because it didn’t need a spacesuit.
D.Because it was brn n the mn.
答案：C
4.What was Rbutt actually accrding t the passage?
A.A dg frm the Earth.B.A man frm the Earth.
C.A rbt like a human.D.A little rbt dg.
答案：D
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是“续写故事”, 落实了“Listening and Speaking”的交际功能, 使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实。续写故事, 对于已经有了一定学习基础的本阶段的学生来说, 是大开脑洞、激发思维、创新写作的机会。
读后续写
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合、综合考查学生语言表达能力、思维以及创新能力的有效题型。
1. 续写内容虽然没有明确的限制, 但在形式上设置了两个方面的限制：一是词数方面, 所续写的词数应为150左右; 二是续写方面, 分两段, 每段开头语已写好, 在方向上对续写内容进行了一定的限制;
2. 续写所给的段落开头语均对故事的发展有提示、衔接、引导和限制作用;
3. 续写时要注意站在作者的角度, 保持原作语言风格和写作思路, 内容导向要积极向上, 尽量把事物美好的一面展现给读者。
阅读下面短文, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was summer, and my dad wanted t treat me t a vacatin like never befre. He decided t take me n a trip t the Wild West.
We tk a plane t Albuquerque, a big city in the state f New Mexic. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternn. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up frm the airprt and drve us up t his farm in Pecs.
His wife Tina cked us a delicius dinner and we gt t knw his sns Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guest rm f the farm huse listening t the frgs and water rlling dwn the river nearby. Very early in the mrning, Uncle Paul wke us up t have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn n my farm,” he said. After breakfast, I went t help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul t take the sheep ut t graze(吃草). I was impressed t see my dad and Uncle Paul riding hrses. They lked really cl.
In the afternn, I asked Uncle Paul if I culd take a hrse ride, and he said yes, as lng as my dad went with me. I wasn’t ging t take a hrse ride by myself anyway. S, my dad and I put n ur new cwby hats, gt n ur hrses, and headed slwly twards the muntains. “Dn’t be late fr supper,” Uncle Paul cried. “And keep t the track s that yu dn’t get lst!” “OK!” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm huse were ut f sight. It was s peaceful and quiet and the clurs f the brwn rcks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternn sun mixed t create a magic scene. It lked like a beautiful wven(编织的) blanket spread ut upn the grund just fr us.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped ut in frnt f my hrse.
We had n idea where we were and it was getting dark.
【审题谋篇】
【预设情节】
1.Paragraph 1: 小兔子跳到马前。担心弄伤兔子, 作者竭力牵住马。（1） 马开始惊慌失措地跑了起来 。一切都太突然, 作者惊呆了。（2） 父亲告诉作者牵住缰绳 , 马才慢慢停了下来。等到下马时, 作者发现找不到原来的路, （3） 他们真的迷路了 。
Paragraph 2: 天黑了下来, 又迷路了。又饿又累, 作者担心真的找不到回去的路。(4) 作者大声喊叫, 但没有回应 。父亲有点儿担心, 提醒作者保持冷静。听到了河的流水声, 作者想了想, (5) 觉得可以沿着河流找到回去的路 。不久他们就看到了远处的灯光。他们安全了。这真是以前没有经历过的一个刺激的假期。
【词汇储备】
1.惊叫一声 let ut a cry
2.松手放开 let g f
3.保持冷静 keep calm
4.使我感到宽慰的是 t my relief
5.从……跳下 jump ff
6.迷路 get lst
7.不久 befre lng
8.看见 catch sight f
【句型运用】
1.我担心会伤害这个可爱的小动物。
I was afraid that I might hurt the lvely small creature.
2.我不假思索地大叫一声让马停下来。
I autmatically let ut a cry t stp my hrse.
3.但是, 在我们跳下马来之前, 我们发现我们已经偏离了走过的路, 迷失了方向。
But befre we jumped ff the hrses, we fund that we had been ff the beaten track and gt lst.
4.我一直大声呼救, 但是没有回应。
I kept shuting fr help, but there was n reply.
5.我希望有人能听到我的叫声。
I hped my shuts culd be heard by smene.
【句式升级】
1.用形容词作状语连接1和2。
Afraid that I might hurt the lvely small creature, I autmatically let ut a cry t stp my hrse.
2.用分词短语作状语连接4和5。
I kept shuting fr help, hping my shuts culd be heard by smene, but there was n reply.
【串句成文】
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped ut in frnt f my hrse. Afraid that I might hurt the lvely small creature, I autmatically let ut a cry t stp my hrse. Hwever, it became scared and started t run like crazy. All this cming withut warning, I was seized by fear. “Dn’t let g f the rpe! Keep calm!” yelled Dad. I fllwed what he tld me t d. T my relief, it stpped slwly. But befre we jumped ff the hrses, we fund that we had been ff the beaten track and gt lst.
We had n idea where we were and it was getting dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wndered if we culd find ur way back. I kept shuting fr help, hping my shuts culd be heard by smene, but there was n reply. Dad sunded a little wrried as he reminded me t keep calm. It was then that my mind raced. “Listen, Dad, the rushing river water,” I shuted excitedly. “We can return t the farm huse dwn the river.” Befre lng, we caught sight f the lights in the distance. We knew we were safe. What a thrilling vacatin we had, like never befre!
实战演练
1.阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
eight-year-ld Carl lived with her father David, Mther May and elder brther Rb. The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrunded with beautiful nature. The village was at the ft f a muntain, with beautiful views f the snwy muntain. The family survived n grwing seasnal plants and trees. Their life was ttally surrunded by nature and beauty.
While they lived a very happy life, Carl did nt lve the beautiful atmsphere f the village. She really wanted t mve int the city and enjy the city life. She wanted t shp, mve arund the city, watch mvies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
Hwever, there was hardly any chance that Carl’s family mved t the city as they had everything in the village.
One day, Carl fell asleep during the early nn and she had a sund sleep. Of curse, she had a strange dream. She saw her grandmther in her dream as a fairy and her deceased grandmther granted her a wish. Carl requested her that she shuld lve t enjy the city life as she always desired.
Grandmther understd the desire f Carl, but still wanted t cnvince her that the peaceful village life was better than the city life.
She tld Carl, “Baby, yu cannt have access t fresh fruits and vegetables frm plants as yu have at yur hme. Yu cannt breathe fresh air. Yu cannt play with animals. Yu can hardly find any trees. Yu will nt find peace as yu see here! D yu still want t g t the city?”
Withut hearing the cncerns, Carl asked her grandmther t grant the wish. Grandmther granted her wish, but with a cnditin. Carl was tld that she wuld nly have 6 hurs t spend in the city. Later, she wuld return t the village. Carl agreed.
注意: 续写词数应为 150 左右。
Carl then fund herself in the city with her friends.
Carl’s brther Rb was calling her fr lunch and Carl wke up.
解析：深度解析
确定故事要素
解析：提取故事线索
解析：续写情境推理
Para. 1: Carl then fund herself in the city with her friends.
What did Carl want t d?
She really wanted t mve int the city and enjy the city life. She wanted t shp, mve arund the city, watch mvies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
(此处体现Carl对大城市的渴望。)
Para. 2: Carl’s brther Rb was calling her fr lunch and Carl wke up.
1. Was the city life as beautiful as she wished?
She realized that her life in the village with her family was far mre wnderful than the city life. (续写故事要有积极向上的价值观, 体现积极的人生观, 所以要珍惜眼前的美好。)
2. What did Carl d after she wke up?
She shared her dream with her family while enjying the fresh fruits and vegetables, and they laughed tgether.
(依据所给材料, Carl对比她现有的生活, 发现了农村生活的安宁, 她和家人在农村更快乐。）3. Hw did she live her life then?
Carl als develped lve fr plants, animals and beautiful nature.
（最后段落要体现出Carl感受到大自然的美好并与之和谐相处。）
答案：高分范文
Carl then fund herself in the city with her friends. Carl and her friends went t watch mvies. After that they ate delicius fd in a restaurant and shpped in a huge mall. Carl was happy that she had the chance t experience the life in the city. Yet at the same time, she understd that everything tld by her grandmther was true in the city. There was n peace and n silence; the city life was fast and busy. The air quality was nt satisfying. She culd hardly find any animal r even a tree.;
Carl’s brther Rb was calling her fr lunch and Carl wke up. She recalled what happened just nw in her dream and realized that her life in the village with her family was far mre wnderful than the city life. Carl understd that she was having a mre jyful life. She shared her dream with her family while enjying the fresh fruits and vegetables, and they laughed tgether. Carl als develped lve fr plants, animals and beautiful nature.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. desperate adj.拼命的, 绝望的; 极渴望的; 危急的
He was frwning, t, and the desperate lk n his face meant that he wuldn’t change his mind. (教材P45)他也皱着眉头, 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。
典例翻译
①He’s desperate fr mney.
他极渴望得到钱。
②The sudden lss f his mney made him desperate.
突然丢钱使他很绝望。
③Other wmen are desperate t get back t wrk.
其他妇女都渴望恢复工作。
④She lked desperately arund fr a weapn.
她在四下里找, 急于弄到一件武器。
归纳拓展
1.极需某物; 极想要某物 be desperate fr sth.
2.渴望做某事 be desperate t d sth.
3.绝望地; 不顾一切地; 拼命地adv. desperately
4. feel/be desperate abut 对……绝望
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I felt desperate abut my future.
②He was desperate fr wrk t prvide fd fr his children.
③Even if yu are desperate t get （get）married, never let it shw.
（2）完成句子
④他们渴望从农业转向工业, 而且他们极其需要这样做。
They are desperate t shift frm farming t industry, and they need t d it s desperately .
2. slpe v.有坡度, 倾斜 n.斜坡, 倾斜
The uter side f the crater slped suthward and the Earth, which was lw in the suthern sky, was nearly full, s that the entire crater-slpe was brightly lit. (教材P44)环形山的外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。
典例翻译
①The twn is built n a slpe.
这个城镇建在斜坡上。
②Dn’t think yu can slpe ff just because my back’s turned.
别以为我转过身去你就可以溜掉。
③The hrses labured up the steep slpe.
那些马费力地爬上了陡坡。
归纳拓展
（1）slpe n. 斜坡; 倾斜
在斜坡上 n a slpe
缓/陡坡 a gentle/steep slpe
（2）slpe v. 有坡度, 倾斜
slpe t 倾斜至
slpe twards 向……倾斜
潜逃, 迅速走开 slpe ff
学以致用
单句填空
①Let’s slpe ff smewhere quiet and have a drink.
②The rad slpes gradually t the village.
③The hspital is n the eastward slpe f the hill.
④He spends all winter n the slpes (slpe)( = skiing).
3. cnsistent adj. 一贯的, 一致的
Nw make cmments n yur partner’s stry and see whether the language style is cnsistent. (教材P47)现在对你同伴的故事进行评论, 看看语言风格是否一致。
典例翻译
①Once, we saw it was mving in a pattern cnsistent with an rbit.
有一次, 我们看到它以与轨道一致的方式移动。
②His wrds des nt cnsist with facts.
他的话与事实不符。
③His breakfast cnsists f dry bread and a cup f tea.
他的早餐由不涂黄油的面包和一杯茶组成。
④Gd service cnsists in punctuality and dependability.
良好的服务在于守时与可靠。
归纳拓展
（1）cnsistent adj. 一贯的
与……一致/符合的 be cnsistent with
（2）cnsist v. 组成; 在于; 符合
由……组成 cnsist f
存在于…… cnsist in
和……一致 cnsist with
误区警示
cnsist f不用于被动语态和进行时。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① Cnsisting (cnsist) f tw campuses, this schl cvers a ttal area f 400 square kilmeters with mre than 4,000 students and teachers.
②True wealth des nt cnsist in what we have but in what we are.
③She’s nt very cnsistent (cnsist) in the way she treats her children.
（2）句型转换
④This reprt cnsists with what we have already knwn.
→This reprt is cnsistent with what we have already knwn.
4. hld ut伸出
Jimmy held ut his arms and Rbutt was in them in ne bund. (教材P45)吉米伸出双臂, 罗布一下子就跳了进去。
典例翻译
①Dctrs hld ut little hpe f her recvering.
医生对她的痊愈基本不抱希望。
②The peratr asked the caller t hld n until a cnnectin was made.
接线员请打电话者不要挂断, 等候电话接通。
③He was s impatient that I culd hardly hld him back.
他是那样急躁, 我简直拉不住他。
④Hw sn can yu get hld f that yung man?
你什么时候才能找到那个年轻人呢?
归纳拓展
1.寄予(希望); 维持, 坚持 hld ut
2.阻挡; 控制(感情等) hld back
3.别挂断(电话), 稍等; 握紧 hld n
4.抓住; 设法联系上 get hld f
5. hld up耽搁, 阻碍
学以致用
（1）用hld短语的正确形式填空
①When the writer arrived hme and saw his mther, he culdn’t hld back his tears.
②We can stay here fr as lng as ur supplies hld ut .
③Srry, I’m late, but my train was held up n the way.
④ Hld n t the seat in frnt when we g rund the crner.
（2）完成句子
⑤如果一个超重的人吃了很多, 我就会控制一点, 因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。（2020全国新高考, 阅读理解）
If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits.
重点句型
1. This/That is/was why…这/那就是……的原因。
That’s why I’m bring ne here. (教材P44)那就是为什么我带一个来这里。
典例翻译
①Tm was ill. That was why he came late fr the meeting.
汤姆病了。那就是他开会迟到的原因。
②I think, this is why I’ve travelled thusands f miles.
我想, 这就是我不远千里赶来的原因。
③This is because there are many careless peple.
这是由于有很多粗心的人。
④The reasn why the injectin needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。
归纳拓展
（1）那/这就是为什么……(why引导的从句表示结果) That/This is/was why…
（2）那/这是因为……(because引导的从句表示原因) That/This is/was because…
（3）……的原因是…… The reasn why…is/was that…
学以致用
1.完成句子
①汤姆开会迟到了。那是因为他没赶上公共汽车。Tm came late fr the meeting. That was because he didn’t catch the bus.
②汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。
The reasn why Tm came late fr the meeting was that he was ill .
③这是因为植物可以用空气、水和阳光制造食物。
This is because plants can make fd frm air, water and sunlight.
④我写这封信的原因是我有一个关于写作风格的问题。
The reasn why I write this letter t yu is that I have a prblem in respect f the writing style.
2. s that引导结果状语从句
The uter side f the crater slped suthward and the Earth, which was lw in the suthern sky, was nearly full, s that the entire crater-slpe was brightly lit. (教材P44)环形山的外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。
典例翻译
①Speak luder s that everybdy can hear yu.
大声点讲话, 让每个人都能听见。
②We arrived early in rder that we gt gd seats.
为了占到好座位, 我们到得很早。
③It was very cld, s that the river frze.
天气寒冷, 因此河水都结冰了。
④He nted every detail s as t/in rder t fix the scene in his mind.
他注意到了每一个细节以便牢记这个场面。
归纳拓展
（1）s that“为了, 以便, 目的是”, 引导目的状语从句, 相当于in rder that(为了)。从句中常常使用情态动词can/culd、may/might、will/wuld等。s that引导的目的状语从句不能放于句首, 而in rder that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首, 也可放在主句之后。
（2）当s that或in rder that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时, 从句可变为s as t或in rder t的动词不定式短语。
（3）s that引导结果状语从句, 意为“因此, 所以”。
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①我将告诉你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
I will tell yu all the facts s that/in rder that yu can judge by yurself.
②为了准时赶到那里, 我们应该早些出发。
In rder that we can get there n time, we shuld set ut early.
（2）句型转换
③He raised his vice t make himself heard.
= He raised his vice s as t/in rder t make himself heard .
= He raised his vice s that/in rder that he culd make himself heard .
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.They said they fund a fresh crater (火山口)exactly where Mr. Stuart had phtgraphed the bright light.
2.At 20 years ld he was nt as strng, as fast, as agile (灵活的) as he is nw.
3.My judgement was frequently faulty (有缺陷的), but my lyalty t the natin culd nt be questined.
4.I’ve been hping we might turn up sme clues (线索)here.
5.The bank slpes (倾斜)dwn sharply t the river.
6.The children had a cmpetitin t see wh culd hp (跳跃)the fastest.
7.As I came up in the elevatr just nw, it squeaked (发出吱吱声).
8.Jim frwned (皱眉)frm time t time when he caught the curius glance f sme strangers.
9.In ther wrds, the wave has gained (r lst) half a wavelength (波长)in the prcess f reflectin.
10.Whatever the style, it shuld be cnsistent (一贯的).
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
1.She went thrugh a perid f emtinal adjustment after her marriage brke up.
2.Everyne was in shck . Sme peple were crying and n ne really knew what was happening.
3.He pened his lips as thugh he wuld say smething t yu r make sme reply.
4.We are bund t d what we can t help the disabled.
5.Seeing her sn again after tw years’ absence, the mther held ut her arms t embrace him.
6.Mre help is n the hrizn fr China’s film industry.
7.I dn’t knw anything abut luck. I’ve never banked n it, and I’m afraid f peple wh d.
8.I have n chice but t bther yu t crrect my mistakes in the material attached t the letter.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.
The uter side f the crater slped suthward and the Earth, 1. which was lw in the suthern sky, was nearly full, s that the entire crater-slpe was 2. brightly （bright） lit. The slpe was a gentle ne and even the 3. weight （weigh） f the spacesuit culdn’t keep Jimmy frm racing up it in a flating hp that made the gravity seem nnexistent.
Jimmy, expert 4. thugh/as he was, culdn’t utrace Rbutt, wh didn’t need 5. a spacesuit, and had fur legs and tendns f steel. Jimmy culdn’t g wrng 6. while Rbutt was arund, 7. tripping （trip） him when he was t near a rck, r jumping n him 8. t shw （shw） hw much he lved him, r circling arund and squeaking lw and scared when Jimmy 9. hid （hide） behind a rck, when all the time Rbutt knew well enugh 10. where he was.教材原文
A By’s Best Friend
Mr Andersn said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear?”
“Out n the crater,” said Mrs Andersn. “Rbutt is with him. Did he arrive?” “Yes. He’s at the rcket statin, ging thrugh the tests. I haven’t really seen ne since I left Earth 15 years ag.” “Jimmy has never seen ne,” said Mrs Andersn. “Because he’s Mn-brn and can’t visit Earth. That’s why I’m bringing ne here. I think it’s the first ne ever n the Mn.” Jimmy was ut n the crater, as his mther had said. His arms and legs were lng and agile. He lked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit n, but he culd handle the lunar gravity as n Earth-brn human being culd. The uter side f the crater slped suthward and the Earth, which was lw in the suthern sky, was nearly full, s that the entire crater-slpe was brightly lit. The slpe was a gentle ne and even the weight f the spacesuit culdn’t keep Jimmy frm racing up it in a flating hp that made the gravity seem nnexistent.
“Cme n, Rbutt,” he shuted. Rbutt, wh culd hear him by radi, squeaked and bunded after.
Jimmy, expert thugh he was, culdn’t utrace Rbutt, wh didn’t need a spacesuit, and had fur legs and tendns f steel. Jimmy culdn’t g wrng while Rbutt was arund, tripping him when he was t near a rck, r jumping n him t shw hw much he lved him, r circling arund and squeaking lw and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rck, when all the time Rbutt knew well enugh where he was.
He heard his father’s vice n his private wavelength. “Jimmy, cme back. I have smething t tell yu.” Mr Andersn was smiling. “We have smething fr yu, Jimmy. It’s at the rcket statin nw, but we’ll have it tmrrw after all the tests are ver.” “Frm Earth, Dad?”
“A dg frm Earth, sn. The first dg n the Mn. Yu wn’t need Rbutt any mre. We can’t keep them bth, and sme ther by r girl will have Rbutt.” He seemed t be waiting fr Jimmy t say smething, then he said, “Yu knw what a dg is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Rbutt’s nly a mechanical imitatin, a rbt-mutt. That’s hw he gt his name.”
Jimmy frwned. “Rbutt isn’t an imitatin, Dad.”
“Rbutt’s just steel and wiring and a simple psitrnic brain.” “He des everything I want him t d, Dad. He understands me.” “N, sn. Rbutt is just a machine. It’s just prgrammed t act the way it des. A dg is alive. Yu’ll see the difference nce he gets here.”
Jimmy lked at Rbutt, wh was squeaking again, a very lw, slw squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held ut his arms and Rbutt was in them in ne bund. Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Rbutt and the dg?”
“It’s hard t explain, ” said Mr Andersn, “but it will be easy t see. The dg will really lve yu. Rbutt is just adjusted t act as thugh it lves yu.”
“But, Dad, we dn’t knw what’s inside the dg, r what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, t.”
Mr Andersn frwned. “Jimmy, yu’ll knw the difference when yu experience the lve f a living thing.”
Jimmy held Rbutt tightly. He was frwning, t, and the desperate lk n his face meant that he wuldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference hw they act? Hw abut hw I feel? I lve Rbutt and that’s what cunts.”
And the little rbt-mutt, which had never been held s tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks-happy squeaks.
(Adaptatin f excerpts frm “A By’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimv)
教材译文 一个男孩最好的朋友
安德森先生说:“吉米在哪儿, 亲爱的?”
“在外面火山口上,”安德森夫人说。
“罗布和他在一起。他到达了吗?”“是的。它在火箭发射站经受测试。自从15年前离开地球以来, 我还没有真正看到过狗。”
“吉米从来没见过,”安德森夫人说。
“因为他出生在月球, 不能访问地球。那就是为什么我带一只狗来这里。我想这是第一只登上月球的小狗。”
正如吉米的母亲所说, 吉米在外面的环形山上。他的胳膊和腿又长又灵活。穿上宇航服后, 他看上去更笨重、更胖, 但他能承受月球引力, 这是地球上出生的人做不到的。环形山外侧向南倾斜, 低低地悬在南方天空上的地球几乎是满的, 结果整个环形山斜坡都被照亮了。倾斜很是平缓, 即使加上太空服的重量, 还是不能阻止吉米的身体跳着跃向山坡, 看上去就像重力似乎不存在一样。
“来吧, 罗布,”他喊道。罗布通过电波辨认出他的声音, 它尖叫着蹦蹦跳跳地跟在后面。
吉米, 他虽然是专家, 也无法超越不需要太空服的罗布, 它有四条腿和钢铁般的肌腱。只要有罗布在周围, 吉米就不会出错, 当吉米太靠近岩石时就拦住他, 或跳到他身上显示它是多么爱他, 或者当吉米躲在一块石头后面时, 它会绕着圈子, 发出低低的吱吱声, 使人害怕,无论什么时候, 罗布都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
他在自己的私人波段听到了父亲的声音：“吉米, 回来。我有事要告诉你。”
安德森先生笑了,“我们有东西要给你, 吉米。它现在在火箭发射站, 但是我们明天所有的测试结束后就可以拿到它了。”
“来自地球, 爸爸?”
“一只来自地球的狗, 儿子。第一只登上月球的狗。你再也不需要罗布了。我们不能把它们两个都留下, 其他的男孩或女孩会有罗布。”他似乎在等吉米说什么, 然后他说:“吉米, 你知道狗是什么。狗是有生命的。罗布只是一个机械的仿制品, 一只机器狗。那就是它的名字的由来。”
吉米皱起了眉头。“爸爸, 罗布不是仿制品。”
“罗布只有钢铁、电线和一个简单的电子大脑。”
“爸爸, 我要它做什么它就做什么。它懂我。”
“不, 儿子。罗布只是一台机器。它只是按照自己的方式运行。狗是活着的。一旦它到这儿, 你会看到这种差别。”
吉米看着罗布, 它又在吱吱叫了, 那是一种很低很慢的吱吱声, 似乎受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂, 罗布一下子就跳了进去。
吉米说:“罗布和那只狗有什么不同?”
“这很难解释,”安德森先生表示,“但很容易看出来。狗狗会真的爱你。罗布只是做出调整, 表现得好像它也爱你一样。”
“但是, 爸爸, 我们不知道狗的内心是什么, 也不知道它的感受是什么。也许这只是演戏罢了。”
安德森皱起了眉头。“吉米, 你会知道的, 当你体验到对一个生物的爱时, 你会感到其中的不同。”
吉米紧紧地抱着罗布, 他也皱着眉头, 脸上绝望的表情意味着他不会改变主意。他说,“但是它们的行为有什么不同呢? 我的感觉如何? 我爱罗布, 这才是重要的。”
小机器狗自诞生起从来没有被抓得这么紧过, 它吱吱叫得又高又快——快活的吱吱声。
(根据艾萨克·阿西莫夫写的《孩子最好的朋友》节选改编)
句型公式
thugh/as引导让步状语从句的倒装形式
教材原句
Jimmy,expert thugh he was, culdn’t utrace Rbutt, wh didn’t need a spacesuit, and had fur legs and tendns f steel. 吉米, 他虽然是专家, 也无法超越不需要太空服的罗布, 它有四条腿和钢铁般的肌腱。
中文例句
虽然他一直在努力学习, 但他还是没有通过那次考试。
句式仿写
Hard as/thugh he had been wrking, he didn’t pass the exam.
句型公式
nce引导状语从句
教材原句
Yu’ll see the differencencehe gets here. 一旦它到这儿, 你会看到这种差别。
中文例句
你一旦陷进深雪中, 那就很难出来。
句式仿写
Once yu’re stuck in deep snw, it’s difficult t get ut.
Wh
I, Dad, Uncle Paul, Tina, Ryan and Kyle
When
an afternn in summer
Where
in the muntains f the Wild West
What
S, my dad and I put n ur new cwby hats, gt n ur hrses, and headed slwly twards the muntains.
Hw
After a while Uncle Paul and his farm huse were ut f sight. It lked like a beautiful wven(编织的) blanket spread ut upn the grund just fr us.
Why
I asked Uncle Paul if I culd take a hrse ride…
要素
内容
Wh
Carl, David, May, Rb, her late grandmther
When
during the early nn
Where
in the village
What
Carl had a strange dream. She saw her grandmther as a fairy, wh granted her the wish.
Why
Carl really wanted t mve int the city and enjy the city life.
故事线索Clue
a dream-desire—peaceful village life
开端Beginning
The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrunded with beautiful nature. Carl was eager t live in the city.
发展Develpment
Carl had a dream, where she saw her late grandmther. Her deceased grandmther as a fairy granted her a wish t enjy the city life.
高潮Climax
She wuld nly have 6 hurs t spend in the city.
结局Ending
续写部分
hld ut, as thugh, in shck, have n chice but, g thrugh, be bund t, bank n, n the hrizn
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