上海市杨浦区2021-2022学年高三上学期模拟质量调研（一模）英语试题

这是一份上海市杨浦区2021-2022学年高三上学期模拟质量调研（一模）英语试题，共34页。试卷主要包含了短对话，短文，长对话，用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四等内容，欢迎下载使用。

上海市杨浦区2021-2022学年高三上学期模拟质量调研
（一模）英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________


一、短对话
1．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Boss and employee. B．Shop assistant and customer.
C．Host and guest. D．Teacher and student.
2．What can be learned about the man’s plan this year?
A．He will move to a different city.
B．He won’t join any club.
C．He will do something enjoyable.
D．He won’t join a debate club.
3．When will the man have to leave to catch the morning flight?
A．At 8 a.m. B．At 7:15 a.m. C．At 5:15 a.m. D．At 4:45 a.m.
4．What does the man mean?
A．Parker has refused to come to the party.
B．Parker probably won’t like the party.
C．The party is not held in Parker’s honor.
D．The party is open to young people only.
5．How does the woman feel?
A．Serious. B．Angry. C．Crazy. D．Puzzled.
6．What is the man going to do this Friday?
A．Give a party. B．Make a reservation.
C．Climb the hill. D．Throw a game.
7．What can be inferred about the man?
A．He is heavily in debt. B．He is short on money.
C．He is hard to get along with. D．He is on a diet.
8．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．On the basketball court. B．At the hospital.
C．At the police station. D．In the sports shop.
9．What might have happened just now?
A．They were packing up their stuff.
B．They were watching a car race.
C．They narrowly escaped a car crash.
D．They got lost in the heavy traffic.
10．What does the man mean?
A．The woman is sure to do great this time.
B．He never lets anything get him down easily.
C．The woman’s attitude towards the exam is right.
D．The woman should care more about exam performance.

二、短文
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11．What was the initial goal of Lifvs?
A．To bring employment to remote areas.
B．To bring shops to remote towns.
C．To create a new business model.
D．To compete with convenience stores.
12．Why is shoplifting rare at Lifvs?
A．Identification is required.
B．Only BankID is accepted.
C．All purchases must be scanned.
D．Payment is made offline.
13．What makes the Lifvs system ideal in the time of COVID-19?
A．Personal space. B．Remote control.
C．Limited contact. D．Peaceful surroundings.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
14．How many people were in the house when the gas leak happened?
A．Five. B．Four. C．Three. D．Two.
15．What did Jayline do first when she found her parents unconscious?
A．She grabbed her younger sister and got out.
B．She unplugged the generator and called 911.
C．She immediately ran to her neighbor for help.
D．She unlocked her dad’s phone and called 911.
16．Why did the family place the generator in the house?
A．To ensure nobody is affected by the gas.
B．To save the cost of running a generator.
C．To make sure it is not damaged or stolen.
D．To keep it from making too much noise.


三、长对话
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17．What can be learned about Marvel’s new movie?
A．It will be on for at least a week.
B．The critics gave it good reviews.
C．It can be rented for home screening.
D．It doesn’t have any special effects.
18．Why does the man insist on watching the movie in a theater?
A．It enables him to get some exercise out of the house.
B．It makes him get in touch with real life more.
C．It offers him a better viewing experience.
D．It is cheaper than watching a movie at home.
19．Which is an advantage of watching a movie at home, according to the woman?
A．Less frightening. B．More entertaining.
C．Less noisy. D．More relaxing.
20．What once happened to the woman in the theater?
A．A tall guy once blocked her sight.
B．Someone’s phone suddenly rang up loudly.
C．Someone in front of her kept standing up.
D．A tall guy stood up to get some snacks.


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Repair Café
When things around the house stop working, what do you usually do with them? If you’re 21． a lot of people, you probably just throw them away.
This tendency has led to the modern nickname: the throwaway culture. There are many reasons for this trend. In some areas 22． it’s difficult to find people who can make repairs, fixing things can be quite expensive. Also, some small appliances are so inexpensive that it’s often much 23． (easy) to just buy a new one.
In 2009, Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way. Her solution was Repair Cafés: places where people can take damaged or 24． (tear) items. There they will find tools, resources and volunteer experts who are willing to help with repairs.
Postma’s first Repair Café opened on Oct. 18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the café spread, and people began asking 25． they could start their own. In 2011, Postma established the Repair Café Foundation. This nonprofit organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group.
Today, there are roughly 2,000 Repair Cafés around the world with meetings typically 26． (occur) once a month. Around 25 objects per session are repaired. 27． is free, but donations are greatly appreciated.
Not only 28． the cafés provide help with repairs, they also strengthen community ties. Neighbors get to know one another as they work together on projects. In addition, valuable knowledge is passed along and preserved. Items are kept rather than thrown away, meaning less trash in landfills. 29． an average broken item weighs a kilo, it’s been estimated that 2,000 Repair Cafés prevent 35,000 kilos of trash every month. That 30． (add) up to about 420,000 kilos per year!


五、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．engagement B．specific C．observed D．wandering E. resembled
F. follow G. implements H. finding I. improvements J. translate K. require
Brain Training through Virtual Reality
Scientists have long sought to prevent sharp memories from dulling with age, but the problem remains persistent. Now new research suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on 31． details.
The study involved 42 healthy older adults from the San Francisco Bay Area. Half spent a dozen hours over four weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth; they wore headsets and walked in place, 32． virtual neighbourhoods while completing tasks. The other half, in the control group, used electronic tablets to play games that didn’t 33． finding positions or recalling details. After 15 sessions, the latter performed roughly the same as before on a long-term memory test based on picking out objects they had seen about an hour earlier. But the Labyrinth players’ scores rose, and they were less frequently tricked by objects that 34． the ones they had viewed.
Those 35． “brought them back up to the level of another group of younger adults who did the same memory tests,” says Peter Wais, the researcher who designed the VR game. The game likely stimulates the hippocampus — a brain area important for long-term memory. What the Wais’s team is trying to do is uniquely suited to VR,” says Meredith Thompson, who studies learning through VR games but was not involved in the new study. “VR can provide greater 36． than other games,” she says, adding that after this proof-of-concept study, “it would be great to actually 37． people over time and see what this type of game does for long-term memory.” Wais’s team is now investigating how long the 38． effects last and which elements of the training have the most impact.
It remains unclear how test performance in a laboratory setting might 39． to real-world situations. The outcome, needs to be repeated, ideally with a much larger group, before it’s treated as a strong 40．.


六、完形填空
It is a tradition of corporate architecture. A company’s top executives get offices on the top floor with the biggest windows and best views. However, nowadays some bosses choose to “hot-desk”（轮用办公桌）with everyone else.
One argument for such a(n) 41 can be made. Staff morale （士气）would 42 if the employees are stuffed in open-plan offices while the executives occupy the spacious offices. When the executives sit alongside their teams, they will be more in touch with how projects are going and how staff are feeling. In theory, if the executives are 43 , employees are more likely to approach them with problems.
But the bosses present all the time may 44 hurt morale. One of the joys of office life is the freedom to enjoy a bit of joking with colleagues. This may include the odd joke about the 45 . In the presence of their boss, staff will be 46 in what they talk about and the tone of their comments. They may feel the need to sound serious at all times, for fear that the quality of their commitment to their work come into doubt. 47 , the manager may be right behind them.
You also have to wonder whether executives will really spend every morning searching for a place to sit. Some hot desks will be a lot hotter than others. Once the chief financial officer has picked a desk on day one, the junior staff will 48 that particular spot on subsequent days. In contrast, anyone who works closely with a particular executive will be 49 to pick a desk close by.
The lingering（逗留不走的）boss presents other 50 . Anyone who has worked in an open-plan office will acknowledge that other colleagues’ talking can make it hard to 51 at times. Managers may find themselves constantly being approached by team members with questions or problems for them to solve. Many people resort to headphones to shut out the background noise and to 52 their unavailability. But if managers do that, they run the risk of seeming shut off from their colleagues.
One study found that at firms that 53 to open-plan design, face-to-face interactions fell by 70%. Like an animal caught on open ground without cover, many people do not like being constantly observed. In the 54 of a physical barrier, they create a fourth wall, 55 their desire for privacy by facial expressions or brief replies to questions.
41．A．image B．shift C．community D．assembly
42．A．spill B．surface C．suffer D．survive
43．A．reliable B．capable C．manageable D．visible
44．A．initially B．definitely C．officially D．equally
45．A．management B．development C．experiment D．department
46．A．unclear B．unwelcome C．uneasy D．unfortunate
47．A．At least B．After all C．In fact D．In short
48．A．steer clear of B．keep track of C．fall short of D．get rid of
49．A．reminded B．tempted C．assured D．warned
50．A．purposes B．promises C．protests D．problems
51．A．comment B．concentrate C．calculate D．communicate
52．A．signal B．conceal C．reverse D．avoid
53．A．subjected B．applied C．switched D．admitted
54．A．presence B．relevance C．absence D．preference
55．A．crediting B．interpreting C．substituting D．indicating


七、阅读理解
It was this very morning that Garrone let us know what he is like.
The master had not yet arrived, and three or four boys were bullying Crossi, the one with the red hair who has a dead arm and whose mother sells vegetables. They were hitting him in the face with chestnut shells. And he, alone on the end of the bench, became quite pale, begging that they leave him in peace.
All at once, Franti sprang upon a bench. Pretending that he was carrying a basket on each arm, he aped the mother of Crossi when she used to come to wait for her son at door. Many began to laugh loudly and Crossi was trembling and turning red with anger.
Suddenly Crossi seized an inkstand and threw it at the other’s head with all his strength, but Franti moved aside, and the inkstand struck the master who entered at the moment, full in the breast. All flew to their places and became silent with terror. The master, quite pale, went to his table, and said in a controlled voice:
“Who did it?”
No one replied.
The master cried out once more, raising his voice still louder, “Who is it?”
Then Garrone, moved to pity for poor Crossi, rose sharply and said resolutely, “ It was I.”
The master looked at him, looked at the confused scholars, then said in a calm voice, “It was not you.”
And after a moment. “The culprit shall not be punished. Let him rise!”
Crossi rose and said, weeping “They were striking me and insulting me, and I lost my head and threw it.”
“Sit down,” said the master. “Let those who provoked him rise.”
Four rose and hung their heads. “You,” said the master, “have insulted an unfortunate companion; you have struck a weak person who could not defend himself. You have committed one of the most shameful acts!”
Then he went over to Garrone and looked him straight in the eye, and said to him, “You are a noble soul.”
Garrone profited by the occasion to murmur some words, I know not what, in the ear of the master; and he, turning towards the four boys, said abruptly, “I forgive you.”
56．What finally provoked Crossi to throw an inkstand?
A．Franti made fun of Crossi’s mother walking with a dead arm.
B．Franti imitated the way Crossi’s mother carried her basket.
C．The boys hit Crossi in the face hard with chestnut shells.
D．The boys pulled Crossi upon a bench and laughed at him loudly.
57．The underlined word “culprit” probably means ________.
A．advocate B．leader C．captain D．offender
58．The master praised Garrone as a noble soul because ________.
A．he dared to speak his mind B．he forgave the four bullies
C．he took the blame for Crossi D．he brought bad guys to justice
59．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．A Generous Deed B．A Domestic Incident
C．Making the Right Choice D．To Believe or Not to Believe


60．What should Linda do if she would like to swap a Harry Potter book with her classmate Jenny who lives in the same neighborhood?
A．Leave the book on Jenny’s doorstep. B．Call the delivery service for help.
C．Go to the post office to mail the book. D．Leave a note for Jenny to pick the book up.
61．At the bookswap.co.uk website, visitors can ________.
A．share ideas on the titles they fancy reading B．check out the new books on sale
C．list the books they would like to swap D．advertise their favorite books
62．Which of the following statements about swapping is TRUE?
A．Swapping is restricted to books and related items.
B．Swapping is organized and run on a voluntary basis.
C．Swapping is open to school-aged children only.
D．Swapping sets a great challenge for the participants.

Elizabeth wouldn’t walk or talk as an infant. Angela’s left leg was so enlarged that it hurt to stand. Emma needed a breathing machine just to sleep. Their suffering may take different forms, but their stories share a common thread: Neither they nor their families knew what was actually causing these issues.
Undiagnosed diseases are more common than you might think. Tens of millions of Americans likely suffer from disorders they cannot name. For many, the symptoms are minor. But in some cases, patients come to their doctors with serious problems caused by diseases that challenge medical knowledge.
Those cases are precisely where the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) steps in. Established in 2008, the UDN’s mission is to provide answers for patients with diseases that doctors are unable to diagnose. Anyone can apply to the program and the UDN works hard to screen every application it receives.
Today, the UDN covers 12 clinical sites around the country, and has evaluated over 1,400 patients. More than 400 of those patients have received a diagnosis thanks to the UDN. In some of these cases, the network is able to match a patient with an already known condition. In others, UDN researchers must work to describe an entirely new disease and enter it into the medical dictionary. The program has added at least 25 entirely new diseases in this way. Additionally, the UDN covers the cost of the tests, meaning patients aren’t burdened with crushing medical debt.
This kind of groundbreaking work helps more than just the patients themselves. Insights from studying rare diseases offer new knowledge about the human body that can benefit all of us. For example, the discovery of statins, a class of drugs commonly recommended today to help regulate high blood pressure, arose from the study of a rare genetic disorder.
“I think they’ve really advanced and changed the whole model for how we approach many of these illnesses,” says Anne Pariser, director of the Office of Rare Diseases Research. She says the UDN’s multidisciplinary approach — bringing different specialists together to talk about challenging cases — has helped advance the field of rare disease research, especially when it comes to genetic diseases.
Living with a disease without a name can be its own kind of suffering. “You grow up feeling like, I’m in this, crazy, all by myself, and no one really understands me,” says Angela Moon, a UDN participant. For patients like her, the UDN offers hope for treatment, but also for finally being seen.
63．The purpose of the first paragraph is to ________.
A．arouse the readers’ interest in the UDN
B．give a vivid description of rare diseases
C．introduce the background for the UDN’s founding
D．raise a complicated problem that will be solved later
64．The fourth paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A．the way the UDN is operated nationwide
B．the progress the UDN has made so far
C．the reasons why the UDN is so popular
D．the development stages the UDN has gone through
65．What can be learned about Angela Moon?
A．She used to live in despair.
B．She failed to identify with others.
C．She is receiving treatment now.
D．There will be a cure for her condition.
66．What can be inferred about the UDN’s work model?
A．It has helped spread the knowledge of undiagnosed diseases.
B．It prioritizes participants’ privacy over solving medical mysteries.
C．It is specifically designed to deal with challenging genetic diseases.
D．It emphasizes close cooperation between specialists in separate fields.


八、六选四
The Spotlight Effect
Have you ever felt as if the entire world was watching while you made a mistake? Well, here’s some good news: it’s likely that no one even noticed.
The spotlight effect is a trick of the mind that makes us believe that people notice us more often than they really do. 67． Every time we do something that is a little different from what we usually do, we may assume that everyone around us will notice. The spotlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, or give a terrible answer in class. It can also appear when we score a big goal, ask someone on a date, or do a good deed. In these moments, it feels like everyone is watching.
The spotlight effect exists because we all get used to seeing things through our own eyes. Every person is the main character in his or her story, and the events of our lives seem to have great importance. 68．
The spotlight effect is a very common part of the human experience. However, in some cases, it can lead to extreme social anxiety and nervousness around other people. Everyone suffers some degree of social anxiety. We all care about what others think, and we all want to be liked. 69． However, this can be a problem when the anxiety is too much to handle. If someone is so nervous that they can’t make good decisions, then it’s time to take action and improve the situation.
70． Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you. Another good exercise is to make an effort to notice the people around you, rather than focusing on yourself. If you fill your mind with thoughts of your friends and family, it will help you be less self-conscious.
A.It’s normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people.
B.That’s why fewer people notice the embarrassing circumstances they encounter.
C.Learning about the spotlight effect is important because it can help us reduce our anxiety.
D.We experience the spotlight effect not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well.
E.People overestimate the extent to which their actions and appearance are noted by others, a phenomenon known as the spotlight effect.
F.We are so busy examining ourselves that we actually observe very little about everyone around us.


九、概要写作
71．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Filling up on Information
People now have access to more information than ever before thanks to the Internet. While there are clearly benefits to it, there are also unintended consequences. One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infobesity.” As the name suggests, it involves consuming an unhealthy amount of information.
Infobesity comes in a number of different forms and affects people in a variety of ways. Business people, for example, may struggle to make decisions when faced with a huge amount of information. For younger people, infobesity is often linked to their use of social media. Young people may be bombed with messages from various social media apps. Furthermore, they may feel the urge to constantly check their phones so as not to miss out on anything. Even online shoppers are affected. With so much information and so many choices available, even the simplest purchase can cause a great deal of stress and anxiety.
Infobesity also has a negative effect on how long our attention lasts. According to a study by Microsoft, the average Canadian now spends less than 10 seconds digesting a piece of media before they move on to something new. This data raises concerns that our ability to pay attention to things will continue to decline as this information overload increases.
So, what can be done to prevent the effects of this condition? While there is no easy answer, one obvious step is to limit our sources of information. Try to only focus on things that really matter to you and on just one thing at a time. Taking a break from your cellphone can also help reduce your stress. And who knows? Since technology got us into this mess in the first place, perhaps it will also present solutions in the future.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

十、汉译英（整句）
72．为什么不安装一个能自动检测烟雾的装置呢？（汉译英）
73．刻有汉字的图章十分吸引人，因而他买了一个当作纪念品。 (So…) （汉译英）
74．文明社会的标志之一就是每个人，不论贫穷与富贵，都会受到一视同仁的对待。(treat) （汉译英）
75．有目共睹的是，当地政府多年来坚持人与自然和谐相处的理念，对保护生物多样性和发展经济同样重视。(as…as…) （汉译英）

十一、建议信
76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校即将举办“科技节”，组委会初步确定了3幅图片用作宣传海报，目前正广泛征集学生意见。假设你是该校学生李华，决定给组委会写一封信，推荐其中1幅图片。你的信需包含以下内容：
1、简要描述你推荐的图片。
2、阐述使用此图片宣传“科技节”理由。

1

2

3
To the Organizing Committee,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sincerely
Li Hua


参考答案
1．A
【原文】
W: Eugene, I am afraid you don’t talk to your customers enough and I would like to see you smile more.
M: Oh, I see. I guess I can try to be a bit friendlier with guests.
2．D
【原文】
W: Did you join any clubs last year?
M: Yeah, I enjoyed the debate club, but I want to do something different this year.
Q: What can be learned about the man’s plan this year?
3．D
【原文】
W: According to the timetable, the first shuttle bus to the airport leaves at 8:00 a.m.
M: I’m afraid that’s too late. I have a morning flight at 7:15 a.m. I should probably leave here before 5.
Q: When will the man have to leave to catch the morning flight?
4．B
【原文】
W: Should we invite Parker to our party tomorrow?
M: I don’t think so. I know she’s old and alone, but this party is really for younger people.
Q: What does the man mean?
5．B
【原文】
M: I still don’t understand why you were so mad about it. It’s just a picture.
W: Because I take my privacy very seriously. Don’t you get it?
Q: How does the woman feel?
6．A
【原文】
W: Hello. This is Ivy Hills Restaurant. How can I help you?
M: Hi. I would like to make a reservation for this Friday. I’m throwing a big party for about 20 people.
Q: What is the man going to do this Friday?
7．B
【原文】
W: Don’t eat instant noodles for lunch. You know that I don’t mind lending you some money if you need it.
M: Thanks. You’re very generous, but I still want to watch my expenses this month.
Q: What can be inferred about the man?
8．B
【原文】
W: Right, what have we got here?
M: 37-year-old male, suffered a dislocated shoulder after a heavy fall in the basketball game.
Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?
9．C
【原文】
W: Watch out for that car!
M: That was close! But we’re OK. I probably shouldn’t have stayed up so late last night packing up our stuff. I feel a bit off.
Q: What might have happened just now?
10．C
【原文】
W: I’ve decided to study harder for the next exam and not let my performance get me down this time.
M: That’s the spirit. You’re going to do great.
Q: What does the man mean?

11．B
12．A
13．C
【原文】
Lifvs is a chain of Swedish grocery stores. The stores aren’t supermarkets. They’re closer to convenience stores in size. The chain began in 2018 with a goal of bringing shops to small towns in remote areas. They aimed to put stores in places that were “too small” to have any. Grocery stores in these areas were losing more money than they were making. Lifvs solves this problem by removing the employees.
At Lifvs, you open the store door with an app on a smartphone. The app is also connected to BankID, a system which is used by all of Sweden’s banks. Instead of paying a store worker, customers scan items with their smartphone and then carry them home. Because the app requires identification, shoplifting is rare.
In the past year, the Lifvs system was especially helpful. Lifvs’ limited contact model is ideal in the time of COVID-19. Similar stores have sprung up all around the world. What do you think of the Lifvs’ model? Would you miss chatting with employees? Or do you prefer to be left alone to shop in peace?

14．B
15．D
16．C
【原文】
A quick-thinking 9-year-old in Brockton, Massachusetts, is being credited with saving her family after her parents were overcome by carbon monoxide, the poisonous colorless gas without a smell.
Jayline Barbosa was in bed on October 28 when she heard her dad faintly calling for help. She ran to her parents’ bedroom and found that her dad and mom had lost consciousness. She grabbed her dad’s phone to call 911. The iPhone was locked, but she was able to hold it up to his face to unlock it using facial ID. She then took her 7-year-old sister out to get help from a neighbor.
The family had been without power for about three days after the storm swept through the area and had borrowed a generator for their home. They set the generator up near the back door outside their home and only ran it for a few minutes before shutting it down because it was noisy. Then they unplugged everything from it and brought it into the house for safekeeping. They thought it was a safe place, but now they realize it was too close to the house.
When rescuers found the generator in the house, they detected dangerously high levels of carbon monoxide in the house. All the people from the house were immediately taken to the hospital for treatment. Fortunately Jayline and her younger sister weren’t really affected by the gas, and her parents are doing better now.

17．B
18．C
19．D
20．A
【原文】
M: I have really been looking forward to seeing Marvel’s new movie.
W: We’d have to go to a theater to see it, right? I know the critics gave it good reviews, but I was hoping to watch a movie at home. How about just streaming a different Marvel movie tonight?
M: What? No. I want to see the most current one. And we need to get out of the house.
W: I’d like to stay home tonight. We’ve been out of the house all week.
M: But that was just to go to work.
W: Well, it still counts as getting out of the house!
M: I’ve heard the special effects in the film are great. And to really get the full effect, you have to see the film on the silver screen.
W: But it’s more relaxing at home and I can lie down while I watch something. I’m kind of exhausted, you know.
M: Once we get to the theater, you’ll come alive.
W: I doubt it. We have more freedom at home, too. We can pause the movie and get snacks or use the bathroom without missing anything.
M: But only on a big screen can you see all the tiny details you might miss on a TV screen. And the sound surrounds you and makes you feel like you’re right in the scene.
W: Those are good points, but our sound board helps a lot with that feeling.
M: Yes, but it’s not the same. It is so much easier to escape the realism of one’s life. It helps you become part of the movie’s fantasy world for a while.
W: Well, you can’t stay in that world when people’s phones light up when they check them.
M: Occasionally that happens, and it is annoying, but it’ll do us good to get out.
W: OK, I guess... but I hope this time there won’t be a tall guy sitting in front of me.

21．like
22．where
23．easier
24．torn
25．how/whether/if
26．occurring
27．Everything/All
28．do
29．If
30．adds /will add
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了来自荷兰的马丁·波斯特玛(Martine Postma)成立的Repair Cafés以及它们为人们的生活带来的好处。
21．
考查介词。句意：如果你和很多人一样，你可能会把它们扔掉。表示“像……一样”应用介词like。故填like。
22．
考查定语从句。句意：在一些很难找到会修理的人的地区，修理东西是非常昂贵的。空处引导定语从句，先行词areas，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
23．
考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，一些小家电非常便宜，所以通常更容易买一个新的。空处需填形容词作表语，much修饰形容词比较级。故填easier。
24．
考查非谓语动词。句意：她的解决方案是Repair Cafés：人们可以把损坏或撕裂的物品带到这里。此处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词items，tear和items为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填torn。
25．
考查宾语从句。句意：café的消息传开了，人们开始问他们如何/是否可以开办自己的网站。空处引导宾语从句，引导词表示“如何/是否”，需用连接词how或者whether/if引导。故填how/whether/if。
26．
考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，世界各地大约有2000个Repair Cafés组织，通常每个月召开一次会议。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，meetings和occur为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填occurring。
27．
考查代词。句意：一切都是免费的，但非常感谢捐款。空处需填代词“一切”作主语，everything/all意为“一切”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Everything/All。
28．
考查倒装句。句意：cafés不仅提供维修帮助，还加强了社区联系。not only位于句首，使用部分倒装，结合“strengthen”可知，此处使用一般现在时，助动词使用do，此处将助动词前置。故填do。
29．
考查状语从句。句意：如果一个损坏的物品平均有一公斤重，据估计，2000修理Cafés每个月可以避免35,000公斤的垃圾。此处引导条件状语从句，需用if引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。
30．
考查动词时态。句意：每年加起来大约42万公斤！此处使用一般现在时或者一般将来时，主语为that，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填adds/will add。

31．B
32．D
33．K
34．E
35．I
36．A
37．F
38．C
39．J
40．H
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家认为老年人可以通过虚拟现实游戏进行大脑训练，提高记忆力。
31．
考查形容词。句意：现在新的研究表明，虚拟现实可以帮助老年人根据具体细节回忆事实和事件。分析句子可知，“details”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，根据句意可知，应用“specific”，意为“具体的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语。故选B项。
32．
考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一半人在四周内花了十几个小时玩一个叫做Labyrinth的虚拟现实游戏；他们戴着耳机，在原地行走，在完成任务的同时在虚拟的街区漫步。根据句意和句中“walked in place”可知，他们应该是在虚拟的街区漫步，“wander”意为“漫步”，动词词性，与句子主语“they”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词“wandering”作状语。故选D项。
33．
考查动词。句意：另一半，在控制组，使用电子平板电脑玩游戏，不需要寻找位置或回忆细节。分析句子可知，空格处应用动词，在句中作谓语，根据句意可知，应用“require”，意为“需要”，动词词性，句子为一般过去时，“didn’t”后接动词原形，故空格处用“require”的原形。故选K项。
34．
考查动词和时态。句意：但是Labyrinth玩家的分数上升了，他们被类似于他们所看到的物体欺骗的次数也减少了。根据句意和句中“were”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，根据句意可知，应用“resemble”，意为“类似于”，动词词性，过去式为“resembled”，在句中作谓语。故选E项。
35．
考查名词。句意：设计虚拟现实游戏的研究人员彼得·怀斯说，这些改进“使他们恢复到另一组年轻人的水平，他们做了同样的记忆测试。”根据上文可知，Labyrinth玩家的分数上升了，由此可知，它们的记忆获得了改进，“improvement”意为“改进，改善”，名词词性，根据句中“Those”可知，空格处应用“improvement”的复数形式“improvements”，在句中作主语。故选I项。
36．
考查名词。句意：“与其他游戏相比，虚拟现实可以提供更大的参与度，”她说，在这项概念验证研究之后，她补充说“随着时间的推移，真正跟随人们，看看这种类型的游戏对长期记忆有什么作用，这将是非常棒的。”分析句子可知，“greater”为形容词，后接名词，在句中作宾语，根据句意可知，应用“engagement”，意为“参与度”，为不可数名词。故选A项。
37．
考查动词。句意：“与其他游戏相比，虚拟现实可以提供更大的参与度，”她说，在这项概念验证研究之后，她补充说“随着时间的推移，真正跟随人们，看看这种类型的游戏对长期记忆有什么作用，这将是非常棒的。”根据句意可知，应用是“跟随”人们，看看这种类型的游戏对长期记忆有什么作用，“follow”意为“跟随”，动词词性，句中为“it”作形式主语。后面的不定式作真正的主语，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，故应用“follow”的原形。故选F项。
38．
考查形容词。句意：怀斯的团队目前正在调查观察到的效果持续多久，以及训练的哪些因素影响最大。分析句子可知，“effects”为名词，应用形容词修饰，在句中作定语，根据句意可知，应用“observed”，意为“被观察的”，形容词词性。故选C项。
39．
考查动词。句意：目前尚不清楚实验室环境中的测试性能如何转化为现实情况。根据句意和句中“real-world situations”可知，应该是将实验室环境中的测试性能“转化”为现实情况，“translate”意为“转变，变为”，动词词性，“might”为情态动词，后接动词原形。故选J项。
40．
考查名词。句意：结果需要重复，理想情况下是和一个更大的群体进行试验，然后才被视为一个强有力的发现。分析句子可知，不定冠词“a”后接名词，根据句意可知，重复的实验过后才会被视为一个强有力的发现，“finding”意为“发现”，名词词性，不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数形式。故选H项。

41．B
42．C
43．D
44．D
45．A
46．C
47．B
48．A
49．B
50．D
51．B
52．A
53．C
54．C
55．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以前公司高层管理人员都是单独的豪华办公室，现在许多公司高层都转向和员工一起在大办公室办公，文章分析了这样设置办公室的优点和缺点。
41．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以提出这样一种转变的理由。A. image图像；B. shift转变；C. community社区；D. assembly集会。根据上文“some bosses choose to “hot-desk”（轮用办公桌） with everyone else. ”，此处就是指代上文提及的做法。故选B项。
42．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果员工被塞进开放式办公室，而高管们则占据宽敞的办公室，员工士气将受到影响。A. spill泄漏；B. surface显露；C. suffer遭受；D. survive幸存。根据句中Staff morale和while，可推测“ 士气将遭受到影响”。故选C项。
43．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从理论上讲，如果高管们是可见的，那么员工就更有可能向他们提出问题。A. reliable可靠的；B. capable有能力的；C. manageable可管理的；D. visible可见的。根据上文提及管理人员和员工一起办公，应该是可见的。故选D项。
44．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但总是在场的老板同样可能会伤害士气。A. initially最初地；B. definitely明确地；C. officially正式地；D. equally同样地。根据后文“for fear that the quality of their commitment to their work come into doubt. ”（因为害怕他们对工作的承诺质量受到质疑。）说明此处应该是“ 同样可能会伤害士气”。故选D项。
45．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能包括关于管理方面的奇怪笑话。A. management管理；B. development发展；C. experiment实验；D. department部门。 根据后文“In the presence of their boss”，可知是关于管理层方面的笑话。故选A项。
46．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在老板面前，员工们会对他们谈论的内容和评论的语气感到不安。A. unclear不清晰的；B. unwelcome不受欢迎的；C. uneasy不安的；D. unfortunate不幸的。 根据后文for fear that，可知员工会感到不安的。故选C项。
47．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：毕竟，经理可能就在他们身后。A. At least至少；B. After all毕竟；C. In fact事实上；D. In short总之。结合语境，造成前面情况的原因是因为有经理在场，此处表达“毕竟”，符合语境。故选B项。
48．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一旦首席财务官在第一天选择了一个办公桌，初级员工将在接下来的几天避开这个特定的位置。A. steer clear of避开；B. keep track of跟踪；C. fall short of达不到；D. get rid of摆脱。根据上文及下文描述，员工对首席财务官有顾虑的，此处表示“避开”符合题意。故选A项。
49．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，任何与某位高管密切合作的人都会倾向于选择附近的办公桌。A. reminded提醒；B. tempted尝试；C. assured确信；D. warned警告。结合句中In contrast，可知此句句意与上文提及“员工对领导避而远之”相反。故选B项。
50．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位逗留不走的老板还会呈现其他的问题。任何在开放式办公室工作过的人都会承认，其他同事的谈话有时会让人难以集中精力。A. purposes目的；B. promises 承诺；C. protests抗议；D. problems问题。根据本段后面提及的这些方面，可知此处应该是指“老板在场的问题”。故选D项。
51．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位逗留不走的老板还会呈现其他的问题。任何在开放式办公室工作过的人都会承认，其他同事的谈话有时会让人难以集中精力。A. comment评论；B. concentrate集中；C. calculate计算；D. communicate交流。根据句中的other colleagues’ talking，可知很难集中精力。故选B项。
52．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人使用耳机来屏蔽背景噪音，并发出无法使用的信号。A. signal发出信号；B. conceal隐藏；C. reverse反向；D. avoid避免。根据后文shut off from，可知此处表达“发出无法使用的信号”。故选A项。
53．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，在转向开放式设计的公司中，面对面的互动减少了70%。A. subjected使臣服；B. applied应用；C. switched转换；D. admitted承认。根据语境分析，此处表达“ 转向开放式设计的公司”。故选C项。
54．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在没有物理障碍的情况下，他们创造了第四堵墙，通过面部表情或对问题的简短回答来表明他们对隐私的渴望。A. presence在场；B. relevance相关性；C. absence缺席；D. preference偏爱。根据a physical barrier，因为是开发性办公室，所以没有物理障碍。故选C项。
55．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在没有物理障碍的情况下，他们创造了第四堵墙，通过面部表情或对问题的简短回答来表明他们对隐私的渴望。A. crediting存入金额；B. interpreting诠释；C. substituting替换；D. indicating表明。根据句中“by facial expressions or brief replies to questions.”，可知此处表示“表明”。故选D项。

56．B
57．D
58．C
59．A
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Franti因为模仿Crossi妈妈提篮子的样子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一个墨水瓶，却打到了老师身上。Garrone因为同情Crossi主动站出来承认，而被老师称为高尚的人。
56．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Pretending that he was carrying a basket on each arm, he aped the mother of Crossi when she used to come to wait for her son at door. Many began to laugh loudly and Crossi was trembling and turning red with anger.(他假装两手各提着一个篮子，模仿Crossi的母亲到门口等儿子的样子。许多人开始大声笑起来，Crossi气得浑身发抖，脸都红了)”以及第四段中“Suddenly Crossi seized an inkstand and threw it at the other’s head with all his strength, but Franti moved aside, and the inkstand struck the master who entered at the moment, full in the breast.(突然，Crossi抓起一个墨水瓶，用尽全身力气朝另一个人的头扔去，但Franti躲开了，墨水瓶正好打在这时进来的老师的胸膛上)”可知Franti模仿Crossi妈妈提篮子的样子最终促使Crossi扔了一个墨水瓶。故选B。
57．
词句猜测题。根据倒数第五段“Crossi rose and said, weeping “They were striking me and insulting me, and I lost my head and threw it.”(Crossi站起来，哭着说:“他们打我，侮辱我，我失去了理智，把它扔了出去。”)”可知，Crossi站了起来，承认是自己扔的瓶子，可见老师是说让犯事的人主动站出来承认错误，不会受到惩罚。故画线词意思是“犯人”，A. advocate拥护者；B. leader领导；C. captain队长；D. offender犯人。故选D。
58．
细节理解题。根据倒数第八段“Then Garrone, moved to pity for poor Crossi, rose sharply and said resolutely, “ It was I.”(然后，Garrone对可怜的Crossi产生了怜悯之情，他突然站起来，坚定地说：“是我。”)”可知，老师称赞加Garrone是一个高尚的人，因为他为Crossi承担了责任。故选C。
59．
主旨大意题。根据文章主要讲述了Franti因为模仿Crossi妈妈提篮子的样子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一个墨水瓶，却打到了老师身上。Garrone因为同情Crossi主动站出来承认，而被老师称为高尚的人。可知，A选项“一次慷慨的行为”最符合文章标题。故选A。

60．A
61．C
62．B
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个书籍交换项目，可以让人们交换自己的书籍，介绍了具体的操作过程。
60．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Arrange to leave a book on a friend’s doorstep or post it through their letterbox if it fits. If you have lots of books that you are happy to swap, or even give away, these could be left in a clear plastic container, with a lid, outside your door or by your garden or driveway.(把一本书放在朋友的门阶上，或者如果合适的话通过他们的信箱寄出去。如果你有很多愿意交换或赠送的书，可以把它们放在一个带盖子的透明塑料容器里，放在门外、花园或车道上)”可知，如果琳达想和住在同一个街区的同学珍妮交换一本《哈利波特》，她应该把书放在珍妮的门阶上。故选A。
61．
细节理解题。根据第五段中“With the help of an adult in your household, visit the site and see if there are any titles you fancy reading. You can also advertise the books you have that you would like to exchange.(在家里有个大人的帮助下，访问这个网站，看看是否有你想读的书。你也可以为你想交换的书做广告)”可知，在bookswap.co.uk网站上，访问者可以列出他们想交换的书。故选C。
62．
细节理解题。根据第三段“The books can be given back after you and your friends have read them, if you don’t want to swap them forever. Arrange to leave a book on a friend’s doorstep or post it through their letterbox if it fits. If you have lots of books that you are happy to swap, or even give away, these could be left in a clear plastic container, with a lid, outside your door or by your garden or driveway.(如果你和你的朋友读过这些书之后，你可以把它们还给他们，如果你不想永远交换它们的话。把一本书放在朋友的门阶上，或者如果合适的话通过他们的信箱寄出去。如果你有很多愿意交换或赠送的书，可以把它们放在一个带盖子的透明塑料容器里，放在门外、花园或车道上)”以及HOW, WHAT, WHERE?部分内容，可知，B选项“交换是在自愿的基础上组织和运行的”正确。故选B。

63．C
64．B
65．A
66．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未诊断疾病网络(UDN)的成立背景、所取得的进展以及给病人带来的希望。
63．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Elizabeth wouldn’t walk or talk as an infant. Angela’s left leg was so enlarged that it hurt to stand. Emma needed a breathing machine just to sleep. Their suffering may take different forms, but their stories share a common thread: Neither they nor their families knew what was actually causing these issues.（伊丽莎白小时候就不会走路或说话。安吉拉的左腿太大了，站起来都疼。艾玛需要呼吸机才能入睡。他们的苦难可能有不同的形式，但他们的故事有一个共同点:他们和他们的家人都不知道这些问题的真正原因。）”和文章第二段“Undiagnosed diseases are more common than you might think.（未确诊的疾病比你想象的更常见）”以及文章第三段“Those cases are precisely where the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) steps in.（这些病例正是未诊断疾病网络(UDN)介入的地方）”可推知，第一段的写作目的是介绍UDN成立的背景。故选C。
64．
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Today, the UDN covers 12 clinical sites around the country, and has evaluated over 1,400 patients. More than 400 of those patients have received a diagnosis thanks to the UDN… Additionally, the UDN covers the cost of the tests, meaning patients aren’t burdened with crushing medical debt.（今天，UDN覆盖了全国12个临床点，评估了1400多名患者。在UDN的帮助下，400多名患者得到了诊断。在其中一些情况下，该网络能够将病人与已知的病情匹配起来。在另一些情况下，UDN的研究人员必须努力描述一种全新的疾病，并将其输入医学词典。该项目已经以这种方式增加了至少25种全新的疾病。此外，UDN还承担检测的费用，这意味着患者不会背负沉重的医疗债务）”可知，第四段主要讲述了UDN迄今为止所取得的进展。故选B。
65．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Living with a disease without a name can be its own kind of suffering. “You grow up feeling like, I’m in this, crazy, all by myself, and no one really understands me,” says Angela Moon, a UDN participant. For patients like her, the UDN offers hope for treatment, but also for finally being seen.（患有一种没有名字的疾病本身就是一种痛苦。UDN参与者安吉拉•穆恩(Angela Moon)表示:“你在成长中会觉得，我一个人患这种病，很糟糕，没有人真正理解我。”对于像她这样的病人，UDN提供了治疗的希望，但也为最终被看到提供了希望）”可知，Angela Moon过去常常生活在绝望中。故选A。
66．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says the UDN’s multidisciplinary approach — bringing different specialists together to talk about challenging cases — has helped advance the field of rare disease research, especially when it comes to genetic diseases.（她说，UDN的多学科方法——让不同的专家聚在一起讨论具有挑战性的病例——帮助推进了罕见病研究领域，特别是涉及到遗传疾病时）”可推知，UDN强调不同领域的专家之间的密切合作。故选D。

67．D
68．F
69．A
70．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是聚光灯效应。
67．
根据上文“The spotlight effect is a trick of the mind that makes us believe that people notice us more often than they really do. （聚光灯效应是大脑欺骗我们的一种手段，让我们误以为别人注意到我们的次数比实际情况要多。 ”可知，选项承接上文说明聚光灯出现的时节。故D选项“We experience the spotlight effect not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well.（我们不仅在犯错时，而且在表现出色时，都会体验到聚光灯效应。）”切题，故选D。
68．
空格前说“Every person is the main character in his or her story, and the events of our lives seem to have great importance.（每个人都是他或她故事中的主角，我们生活中的事件似乎都很重要。）”，因此人们很关注自己，F选项“We are so busy examining ourselves that we actually observe very little about everyone around us.（我们总是忙于审视自己，实际上却很少观察我们周围的人。）”说明了人们更多地关注自己，而很少注意周围的人，因此F选项承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
69．
空格前说“We all care about what others think, and we all want to be liked.（我们都关心别人的想法，我们都想被喜欢。）”，说明我们很在乎自己对他人的影响，A选项“It’s normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people.（想知道我们对别人有什么影响是正常的。）”说明了我们在乎自己对他人的影响，关心别人的想法，因此A选项承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
70．
空格前说“If someone is so nervous that they can’t make good decisions, then it’s time to take action and improve the situation.（如果有人太紧张以至于不能做出正确的决定，那么是时候采取行动改善情况了。）”，空格后说“Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you.（下次你觉得每个人都在盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你。）”，C选项“Learning about the spotlight effect is important because it can help us reduce our anxiety.（了解聚光灯效应很重要，因为它可以帮助我们减少焦虑。）”中的“了解聚光灯效应”和空格前的“采取行动”一致，空格后继续说了解聚光灯效应应该具体如何做，因此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
71．One unintended consequence of Internet use is infobesity, which means absorbing harmful amounts of information. Infobesity negatively affects different groups of people in different ways, making businessmen hesitant to make decisions and younger people constantly check their phones. Besides, it likely decreases our attention span. Fortunately, steps can be taken to prevent infobesity like restricting information sources and taking breaks.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，使用互联网的一个意想不到的后果是信息肥胖，这意味着吸收了大量有害的信息。信息肥胖以不同的方式对不同人群产生负面影响，使商人在做决定时犹豫不决，年轻人经常查看手机。此外，它可能会降低我们的注意力持续时间。幸运的是，我们可以采取措施来防止信息肥胖，比如限制信息来源和休息。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infobesity.” As the name suggests, it involves consuming an unhealthy amount of information.
②Infobesity comes in a number of different forms and affects people in a variety of ways. Business people, for example, may struggle to make decisions when faced with a huge amount of information. Furthermore, they may feel the urge to constantly check their phones so as not to miss out on anything.
③This data raises concerns that our ability to pay attention to things will continue to decline as this information overload increases.
④So, what can be done to prevent the effects of this condition? While there is no easy answer, one obvious step is to limit our sources of information. Try to only focus on things that really matter to you and on just one thing at a time. Taking a break from your cellphone can also help reduce your stress.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
One unintended consequence of Internet use is infobesity, which means absorbing harmful amounts of information.
Infobesity negatively affects different groups of people in different ways, making businessmen hesitant to make decisions and younger people constantly check their phones.
Besides, it likely decreases our attention span.
Fortunately, steps can be taken to prevent infobesity like restricting information sources and taking breaks.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] One unintended consequence of Internet use is infobesity, which means absorbing harmful amounts of information.运用了which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Infobesity negatively affects different groups of people in different ways, making businessmen hesitant to make decisions and younger people constantly check their phones.运用了现在分词作状语对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
72．Why not install a device that is capable of detecting smoke automatically?
【详解】
考查固定句型和定语从句。表示“为什么不”句型为why not do sth.；表示“安装”应用动词install；表示“装置”应用名词device，后跟that引导的定语从句；表示“能够”短语为be capable of；表示“自动检测烟雾”短语为detect smoke automatically；从句应用一般现在时。故翻译为Why not install a device that is capable of detecting smoke automatically?
73．So attractive were the seals carved with Chinese characters that he bought one as a souvenir.
【详解】
考查倒装、时态和状语从句。分析句意可知，句子可理解为“刻有汉字的图章如此吸引人，以至于他买了一个当作纪念品”，用so...that...结构，且描述过去的动作，时态用一般过去时，“刻有汉字的图章”是the seals carved with Chinese characters，其中过去分词作后置定语，“如此吸引人”是so attractive，可位于句首，用部分倒装，即So attractive were the seals carved with Chinese characters；“他买了一个当作纪念品”用that引导结果状语从句，即he bought one as a souvenir。故答案为：So attractive were the seals carved with Chinese characters that he bought one as a souvenir.
74．One mark of a civilized society is that no matter whether one is rich or poor, he/one is treated equally/without discrimination/in a similar manner/fashion.
One mark of a civilized society is that everyone whether rich or poor is treated equally/without discrimination/in a similar manner/fashion.
【详解】
考查名词，代词，形容词，副词，动词，连词，介词短语和时态。表示“标志之一”应用短语one mark of；表示“文明的”应用形容词civilized；表示“社会”应用名词society；表示“每个人”应用everyone或者no matter one；表示“不论……还是……”应用连词whether...or...；表示“贫穷”应用形容词poor；表示“富贵”应用形容词rich；表示“对待”应用所给动词treat；表示“一视同仁”应用副词equally或者短语without discrimination/in a similar manner/fashion。根据这句话说的内容可知，这是理论概述，所以要用一般现在时。根据句子意思可知，这里需要that引导的表语从句来表达“每个人，不论贫穷与富贵，都会受到一视同仁的对待。”，同时答案一中“不论贫穷与富贵”需要用whether引导让步状语从句。故翻译为One mark of a civilized society is that no matter whether one is rich or poor, he/one is treated equally/without discrimination/in a similar manner/fashion. 或者One mark of a civilized society is that everyone whether rich or poor is treated equally/without discrimination/in a similar manner/fashion.
75．It is obvious to all that for years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development.
For years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development, which is obvious to all.
【详解】
考查定语从句、名词性从句和动词时态。表示“有目共睹的是”应用It is obvious to all that...，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，或者处理为非限制性定语从句，应用which is obvious to all；表示“多年来”应用for years；表示“当地政府”应用the local government；表示“坚持”应用stick to，结合时间状语for years可知，使用现在完成时，主语为单数名词，助动词用has；表示“人与自然和谐相处的理念”应用the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature；表示“对保护生物多样性和发展经济同样重视”应用 attach as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development，此处用现在分词作状语。故翻译成：It is obvious to all that for years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development./For years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development, which is obvious to all.
76．To the Organizing Committee,
I’m happy to hear that our school will hold Science and Technology Festival. As for the three posters you have chosen, I think the first one is the most suitable for us.
You know we are students who haven’t known much about science and technology. So we must be inspired to be interested in it. In the first picture, there are three middle school students, and they are doing experiments. We are of the same age, so what they are doing can give us much encouragement to get close to science and technology. Besides, on the desk in front of them are many kinds of experimental equipment, which are so attractive to us that we want to have a try immediately. So, in my opinion, the first poster is the best one.
Sincerely
Li Hua
【分析】
本文是应用文。要求考生给“科技节”组委会写信，选出一张海报宣传科技节。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→happy
此外：what’s more/furthermore→besides
各种各样：many sorts of→many kinds of
有吸引力的：appealing→attractive
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
简单句：In the first picture, there are three middle school students, and they are doing experiments.
拓展句：In the first picture, there are three middle school students, who are doing experiments.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】I’m happy to hear that our school will hold Science and Technology Festival.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】You know we are students who haven’t known much about science and technology. （由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和who引导的定语从句）
【高分句型3】We are of the same age, so what they are doing can give us much encouragement to get close to science and technology. （由what引导的主语从句）
【高分句型4】Besides, on the desk in front of them are many kinds of experimental equipment, which are so attractive to us that we want to have a try immediately. （由on the desk位于句首的倒装句、which引导的非限制性定语从句和so…that…引导的结果状语从句）