2021年北京市平谷区中考一模英语试题（解析版）

参考答案

1．B

【详解】

句意：我们的新同学大卫很友好。我们都很喜欢他。

考查代词辨析。he他，主格代词；him他，宾格代词；her她/她的，宾格代词/形容词性的物主代词；she她，主格代词。根据句子结构可知，空处的词是作宾语，应该用人称代词宾格形式，再结合主语“David”可知，空处应用him。故选B。

2．C

【详解】

句意：上星期天我们在公园里种了些小树。

考查介词辨析。on在……上；of……的；in在……里面；to到……。根据前半句“We planted some small trees”可推知，应是在公园里面。故选C。

3．A

【详解】

句意：他的腿伤很严重，但他没有放弃他的足球梦想。

考查连词辨析。but但是；and并且；or或者；so因此。根据前后句句意对比可知，空处的连词表示转折，应用but，故选A。

4．B

【详解】

句意：—— 你能帮我学英语口语吗？——没问题。

考查情态动词。should应该；could能够（表委婉）；must必须；need需要；根据答语“...you help me with my spoken English?”可知，这是在表达委婉请求，应使用could。故选B。

5．D

【详解】

句意：——彼得，你多久做一次社区志愿者？ ——一周一次。

考查特殊疑问句。how long 多长，对物体长度或时间段提问；how soon 多久之后，对“in + 一段时间”提问；how much 多少，对价格或不可数名词的数量提问；how often 多久一次，对频率提问。根据答语“Once a week.”可知，这里问的是频率，应该用how often 提问。故选D。

6．D

【详解】

句意：中秋节是中国最重要的传统节日之一。

考查形容词最高级。英语中“one of +the +形容词最高级+名词复数”是英语中最高级的固定搭配，表示“……是……中最……之一”。此处需用形容词的最高级。故选D。

7．A

【详解】

句意：如果明天不下雨，我们就去野餐。

考查动词时态。根据语境可知是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，根据“we will have a picnic.”可知，此处是如果明天不下雨，rain是动词，下雨，主语是it第三人称单数，否定句要借助助动词does+not+动词原形，故选A。

8．D

【详解】

句意：昨晚你打电话给我时，我正在照顾我妹妹。

考查过去进行时。根据“when you called me last night.”判断，照顾妹妹这一动作是过去正在发生的动作，因此需用过去进行时。故选D。

9．A

【详解】

句意：他离开学校后一直在北京工作。

考查现在完成时。由since he left school.可知，此处需用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词。故选A。

10．C

【详解】

句意：——大卫，你爸爸在哪里？ ——他正在花园里洗车。

考查现在进行时的用法。根据“Where is your father, David?”可知，此处是询问当前的情况，强调动作正在进行，用现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are + 动词现在分词，主语为he，be动词用is。故选C。

11．B

【详解】

句意：世界休闲大会上周在平谷成功举行。

考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语The World Leisure Congress 与谓语动词hold之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态；根据时间状语“last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，即一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为：was/were+动词的过去分词；主语The World Leisure Congress是第三人称单数，be动词用was；hold的过去分词为held。故选B。

12．A

【详解】

句意：——你能告诉我你什么时候来北京吗？——下周六。

考查宾语从句。when you will come to Beijing你什么时候来北京，陈述语序，一般将来时；when did you come to Beijing你什么时候来北京，疑问语序，一般过去时；when you came to Beijing你什么时候来的北京，陈述语序，一般过去时；when will you come to Beijing你什么时候来北京，疑问语序，一般将来时。根据句意可知，空出的句子是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，故排除B、D项；根据答语“Next Saturday.”可知，宾语从句应用一般将来时，故排除C项。故选A。

13．B

14．C

15．D

16．A

17．C

18．A

19．B

20．C

【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文。我的父亲因为车祸不幸离世，坚强的母亲便毅然担起独自抚养孩子的重任。圣诞节将至，母亲因为没有钱给我们买礼物，便偷偷地自己动手给我们做礼物。

13．

句意：我担心这样的现状，但是我的母亲没有担心，她反而向我们保证一定会维系好这个家并让我们远离伤害，

argued 争吵；worried 担心；confused 迷惑；talked 谈论。根据上文“My father had a car accident and left us.”以及“My mother suddenly found herself alone to care for five boys.”可知，父亲车祸离世，母亲突然要独自照顾五个孩子，这样的情况是很糟糕的，所以我很担心。故选B。

14．

句意：圣诞节快到了，母亲似乎笑得不多了。

work 工作；cry 哭泣；smile 笑；care 关心。根据下文“ I realized she had no money to buy us presents.”可知，圣诞节快到了，但是母亲没有钱给我们买礼物，所以此处表达的是母亲的笑容减少了。故选C。

15．

句意：一天，母亲带着一把锯子走进森林，带回了一些树枝。

dug 挖；began 开始；left 离开；returned 返回。根据“my mother took a saw into the forest... with some tree branches.”以及“She left them in the barn”可知，母亲从树林里带回了一些树枝，放在了畜棚了，应该选returned。故选D。

16．

句意：当我去上学的时候，母亲就在畜棚里工作，但是我一有机会，就会偷偷地往畜棚里看。

secretly 偷偷地；nervously 紧张地；proudly 自豪地；seriously严肃地。根据“... and didn’t tell her curious children what they were for.”以及“when I had a chance”可知，母亲没有告诉我们她在做什么，所以我一有机会，就偷偷地看。故选A。

17．

句意：显然，她的工作完成了，但是她明显还想保密，因为我找遍了所有地方都没有找到礼物。

present 礼物；paint 颜料；project 项目，工程；branch 树枝。根据上文“She worked on her project while I was in school”以及“By Christmas week, my mother was happy again as usual.”可知，母亲在我上学的时候一直在工作，但是在圣诞周的时候，母亲又和往常一样开心，所以母亲应该是完成了她的工作。故选C。

18．

句意：在圣诞节前夕，我久久不能入睡，期待着圣诞节早晨的到来。

expecting 期待；remembering 记住；imagining 想象；designing 设计。根据“On Christmas Eve, I lay awake for a long time”以及“The next morning... in front of her delighted kids.”可知，我因为期待着第二天早上的礼物，所以久久不能入睡。故选A。

19．

句意：在那个特别的圣诞节过后，还是会有很多困难的日子，但是我再也没有怀疑过母亲照顾我们的能力。

happy 开心的；difficult 困难的；curious 好奇的；simple 简单的。根据上文“My mother suddenly found herself alone to care for five boys.”以及“ I realized she had no money to buy us presents.”可知，因为母亲独自抚养五个孩子，我们家没有钱，生活过得很困难，所以尽管过了一个特殊的圣诞节，以后也还是会有困难的日子。故选B。

20．

句意：在那个特别的圣诞节过后，还是会有很多困难的日子，但是我再也没有怀疑过母亲照顾我们的能力。

recognized 认出；improved 改善；doubted 怀疑；destroyed 破坏。根据上文“I ... about the situation”以及“We were never hungry, and she made sure we got an education in school.”可知，刚开始我担心过母亲会照顾不好我们，但是圣诞节之后，我明白了母亲的能力，同时下文也证明了母亲的确能照顾好我们，所以此处表达的是“我不再怀疑”。故选C。

21．B

22．C

23．A

【分析】

本文介绍了四个青少年谈论他们梦想中的学校是怎样的。

21．

细节理解题。根据“I think it would be great to have a day off every week, as well as the weekend.”可知，理查德想一周多休息一天。故选B。

22．

细节理解题。根据“I’d also like to have a music room where we can just go and play instruments when we want.”可知，在Yoko理想的学校里，她能演奏乐器。故选C。

23．

推理判断题。根据“But how perfect do you think your school is? Imagine you could design your ideal school. What would it be like? What would you be doing?”可以推出他们谈论梦想中的学校。故选A。

24．C

25．D

26．C

【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了美国孩子Liam Hannon在暑假做爱心午餐，帮助那些饥饿的人们的故事。

24．

细节理解题。根据文中“He created the online page with his father as a way to help raise money for Lunches of Love. Donations that were received through GoFundMe have enabled Liam to buy a better cart (手推车) and make thousands of additional lunches. Liam also gets help from friends and volunteers to make and deliver the lunches.”可知，Liam hannon 在2017年暑假，他和他的父亲还有朋友一起帮助了很多无家可归的人。故选C。

25．

细节理解题。根据文中“Liam has another project called Legos (乐高) of Love. People send in their old toys, which are then sorted and given to children who are living at homeless shelters.”可知，Liam通过创建一个叫做爱的乐高的项目来帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。故选D。

26．

主旨大意题。根据文中最后一段“One thing is certain: This now 12-year-old knows how to pay it forward (让爱传播出去). His Lunches of Love is an example of how even something as simple as a sandwich can change the world.”可知，利亚姆的故事主要告诉我们，简单的帮助可以带来很大的改变。故选C。

27．C

28．A

29．A

【分析】

这篇短文主要讲述了玩具对童年发展的影响。

27．

细节理解题。根据文中“All experts agree: children learn by playing and toys are the instruments that allow them to discover the world they live in.”可知，孩子们通过玩玩具来探索或发现世界。故选C。

28．

细节理解题。根据文中“Aside from the above, toys give them an understanding of the society they live in. Toys invite children to interact, first with adults and then with other children of their age….”可知，孩子们可以通过和另外的孩子玩玩具来理解所居住的社会。故选A。

29．

标题归纳题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了玩玩具对孩子们的重要性，选项A符合题意。故选A。

30．C

31．A

32．A

33．D

【分析】

这篇短文主要讲述了孤独是一种不愉快的感觉，文中介绍了两种类型的孤独，并且对alone和lonely进行了区分。

30．

推理判断题。根据文中“Humans, because of necessity, evolved into social beings. …people continue to have a need to connect with others. Indeed, the lack of such connections can lead to many problems, including loneliness.”可知，从这篇文章中，我们可以知道仍然需要与他人保持持续的情感联系。故选C。

31．

段落大意题。根据文中“However, it is not the number of social relationships that determines whether people feel lonely. Rather, it is the emotional and cognitive reactions (认知反映) the individual experiences in relation to these connections that play a role in experiencing loneliness.”可知，第四段主要是告诉我们是什么决定了人们是否感到孤独。故选A。

32．

词句猜测题。根据“Dependence on and cooperation with each other”可知，此处是相互依赖和合作增强了我们在这种艰难环境下的生存能力。单词enhanced的意思是“提高，增加”。故选A。

33．

细节理解题。根据文中“On the other hand, Albert seems to benefit from the interactions he has with his friends, and also happens to enjoy his time alone. In addition, Albert doesn’t seem to want more interpersonal connections.”可知，因为他从人际关系中获益，享受独处的时光。故选D。

34．Slat was 18 years old.

35．Last Saturday.

36．8 million metric tons of waste flow into the ocean each year from rivers, creeks and seaside areas.

37．He wants to try to clean plastic bottles and all the rubbish in the next five years.

38．Energy-saving, environmental, technological, acceptable, economical, useful, great, good, cheap……

【分析】

这篇短文主要介绍了荷兰年轻发明家发明了一种移除河流中塑料垃圾的机器。

34．

根据文中“Boyan Slat was just 18 years old when he invented a system for catching waste in the ocean.”可知，Slat在18岁的时候，发明了一种在海洋中收集废物的系统。故填Slat was 18 years old.

35．

根据文中“Last Saturday, the 25-year-old Slat announced the next step in his fight”可知，上周六，Slat宣布了他战斗的下一步。故填Last Saturday.

36．

根据文中“Experts say 8 million metric tons of waste flow into the ocean each year from rivers, creeks and seaside areas.”可知，每年有800万公吨的废物从河流、小溪和海滨地区流入海洋。故填8 million metric tons of waste flow into the ocean each year from rivers, creeks and seaside areas.

37．

根据文中“He said he wants to try to clean them all in the next five years.”可知，他想在未来五年内努力清理塑料瓶和所有垃圾。故填He wants to try to clean plastic bottles and all the rubbish in the next five years.

38．

通读整篇短文可知，Slat的发明的是节能、环保、科技、可接受、经济、实用、好、好、便宜等等。故填Energy-saving, environmental, technological, acceptable, economical, useful, great, good, cheap……

39．范文：

Dear Peter,   

How is it going?  

I’m writing to invite you to take part in the social practice activity on the theme of “Inheriting the Red Spirit, Remembering Our Mission”. We are going to organize the activity in the community near our school next Friday afternoon. We’ll meet at school gate. I will introduce the history of the Communist Party of China, then will introduce the advantages and meaning of garbage sorting to people so that they know the importance of it in our life. Then we will show how to sort the garbage. Besides, there will be a talent show at the activity, and you should take a camera to take pictures. I hope you can learn more about garbage sorting by having this kind of activity.

 I’m looking forward to your early reply.

                                                                         Yours,

Li Hua

【详解】

1.题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，但写作是要按邮件格式写。在写作时要承接短文开头；根据汉语提示的内容，介绍活动的时间、地点；在活动中做什么；建议彼得做些什么准备等。

2.写作指导：本文应该用第一人称为主来叙述内容；时态采用一般将来时为主，在介绍内容时，力求语言准确，叙述完整，行文连贯，保证条理清晰。

40．例文

We can achieve everything if we never give up. I still remember that unforgettable experience.

When I was in middle school, my English was weak. I didn’t even understand what the teacher said. With the help of my teacher, I kept practicing speaking English and writing articles in English. Communicated with students in English. So I made great progress.

I realized that no matter what difficulties, as long as you keep on, you will succeed.

【详解】

1.题干解读：该题目属于记叙文写作。本文为一篇征文，主题是“成功源于坚持”。在写作时应承接短文开头，内容是根据所给的提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍一下你在学习或生活中曾经遇到过的困难，坚持做了什么来克服困难，以及有什么收获。

 2.写作指导：本文应该用第一人称来叙述作文内容；时态采用一般过去时为主；首先要引出话题；其次介绍自己所遇到的困难及如何克服的和收获；最后是自己的感受。注意文中要包含所有的要点，语句要通顺，逻辑要合理。