外研版高考英语必修1二轮复习Module5ALessoninaLab课件+学案+训练

个人、家庭、社区及学校生活

Ⅰ.阅读理解

As a kid, Joanna Buckley wasn't interested in science — until she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set for Christmas.

“Over the course of a few weeks, I'd completed every experiment. But in the process, I polluted my parent's dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner，” she says.

Now science is Buckley's job. She works in the chemistry department at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realize, first­hand, how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is so great，” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science appears.

Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley's at­home chemistry kit. That's because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers.

“Compared with a one­off experiment, what's cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose，” Prunuske says. “Students want to do a good job, because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”

Long agrees. “Kids like that it's real. And they like that it's important, that it matters.” Citizen­science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster (星系团). Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And one of the first citizen­science projects helped scientists learn where butterflies go every winter.

Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. That's one reason they hope that fun, exciting citizen­science projects can help them keep in touch, Long says. And she has some evidence that it's working, “Last year, we did have a couple of students say, ‘I really think I want to be a scientist now.’”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公民科学项目，使青少年体验实验的乐趣，激励着少年，为他们在科学的道路上指引着方向。

1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?

A．To support trials can make teens interested in science.

B．To prove failure is the mother of success in science.

C．To state Buckley has a talent for science.

D．To praise Buckley for her strong will.

解析：选A　推理判断题。第一段提到小时候，乔安娜·巴克利对科学并不感兴趣，直到她有机会尝试一下。这件事发生在她圣诞节得到一套化学仪器的时候。由此可知，第二段是为了支持第一段提出的观点，只有做了试验才能对科学感兴趣。故选A。

2．Why is citizen science more fun?

A．It carries out experiments frequently.

B．It must carry out experiments in groups.

C．It needs to seek for new solutions.

 D．It demands to handle complex problems.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，它更有趣是因为需要寻找新的解决办法。故选C。

3．What can we know from what Prunuske said?

A．She participated in the experiment.

B．She took pride in what students took up.

C．Citizen science is popular with students.

D．Scientists are willing to employ students.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Compared with ...purpose” 与一次性的实验相比，公民科学的最酷之处在于，学生们意识到这是有目的的。由此可知，公民科学受学生欢迎。故选C。

4．What is Long's attitude towards citizen science?

A．Concerned.　　　　　　　 B．Supportive.

C．Doubtful.   D．Unclear.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断出，Long对于公民科学项目是支持的。故选B。

Ⅱ.完形填空

Why study history?

People live in the present. They plan for the __1__. History, however, is the study of the past. Given all the __2__ and pressures that come from living in the present and __3__ what is yet to come, why bother with what has happened? Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist — as most __4__ systems do — on history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are __5__ to?

Any subject of study needs __6__： supporters must explain why it is worth __7__. Like most widely accepted __8__， history attracts people who simply __9__ the information and modes of thought involved. But for people who are less interested in the subject and more __10__ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required.

__11__ do not perform heart transplants, improve highway design, or arrest criminals. In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve __12__ purposes, history's functions can seem more difficult to __13__ than those of engineering or medicine. History is in fact very useful, actually __14__， but the products of historical study are often less __15__ and immediate than those of other subjects.

History helps us understand people, societies and how they __16__. For example, how can we __17__ past wars and future threats without using historical materials? Unfortunately, major aspects of the society's operation cannot be set up as precise experiments. __18__， history must serve, however imperfectly, as our __19__， helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do. This, fundamentally, is why we cannot __20__ history.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。很多人有这样的疑惑：我们所有的需求和压力都来自活在当下，以及对未来的预期，为什么还要在已经发生的事情上花费时间呢？虽然历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科那样立竿见影，但是，历史学科实际上是非常重要的，它能帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。

1．A.process　　　　　　　　　 B．result

C．future   D．environment

解析：选C　根据上句“People live in the present.”和该句中的“plan for”，并结合常识可知，人们为未来做计划。C项意为“未来”，符合语境。A项意为“过程”；B项意为“结果”；D项意为“环境”。

2．A.causes   B．demands

C．choices   D．orders

解析：选B　根据该句中的“and pressures that come from living in the present”并结合选项可知，空处与名词“pressures”对应，表示“来自活在当下的需求和压力”。B项意为“需求”，符合语境。A项意为“原因”；C项意为“选择”；D项意为“次序”。

3．A.avoiding   B．fearing

C．celebrating   D．anticipating

解析：选D　根据上文的“They plan for the __1__.”以及该句中的“__3__ what is yet to come”，并结合语境可知，此处是说对未来的预期。D项意为“预期”，符合语境。A项意为“避免”；B项意为“恐惧”；C项意为“庆祝”。

4．A.financial   B．social

C．educational   D．political

解析：选C　根据下文中的“urge many students to study even more history”可知，我们总是敦促学生学习更多历史知识；结合该句的内容可知，考虑到所有可用的知识分支，为什么大多数教育体系坚持教授历史？C项意为“教育的”，符合语境。A项意为“财政的”；B项意为“社会的”；D项意为“政治的”。

5．A.required   B．invited

C．forced   D．permitted

解析：选A　根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，此处表示为什么要敦促许多学生学习比他们被要求学习的还要多的历史呢？A项意为“要求”，符合语境。B项意为“邀请”；C项意为“强迫”；D项意为“允许”。

6．A.direction   B．exploration

C．justification   D．revolution

解析：选C　根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，任何学科的研究都需要正当的理由(justification)，支持者必须解释其值得关注(attention)的原因，故C项正确。A项意为“方向”；B项意为“探索”；D项意为“改革”。

7．A.assessment   B．attention

C．expectation   D．mention

解析：选B　参见上题解析。B项意为“关注”，符合语境。A项意为“评估”；C项意为“期望”；D项意为“提及”。

8．A.subjects   B．concepts

C．topics   D．concerns

解析：选A　根据该段第一句中的“subject”，并结合语境可知，该处指“大多数被普遍接受的学科”。A项意为“学科”，符合语境。B项意为“概念”；C项意为“话题”；D项意为“忧虑”。

9．A.provide   B．receive

C．share   D．like

解析：选D　根据该句中的“history attracts people who simply __9__ the information and modes of thought involved”并结合语境可知，历史吸引了喜欢这些信息以及有相关思维方式的人。D项意为“喜欢”，符合语境。A项意为“提供”；B项意为“收到”；C项意为“分享”。

10．A.doubtful   B．worried

C．thoughtful   D．certain

解析：选A　根据该句中的“why they should bother with it”可知，对于那些对这门学科不太感兴趣，而且对为什么要花费时间学这门学科有疑问的人来说，需要更清楚地解释学这门学科的目的。A项意为“怀疑的”，符合语境。B项意为“担心的”；C项意为“思考的，深思的”；D项意为“肯定的”。

11．A.Supporters  B．Historians

C．Audiences  D．Teachers

解析：选B　根据上文可知，文章主要是论述历史研究的，因此该处是在说明历史学家的特点，并引出对上述问题的解释。B项意为“历史学家”，符合语境。A项意为“支持者”；C项意为“观众”；D项意为“老师”。

12．A.public   B．multiple

C．different   D．useful

解析：选D　根据该句中的“In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve __12__ purposes”，并结合该段最后一句中的“History is in fact very useful”和常识可知，社会期望教育有作用。D项意为“有用的”，符合语境。A项意为“公共的”；B项意为“多种多样的”；C项意为“不同的”。

13．A.define   B．expect

C．satisfy   D．ignore

解析：选A　根据该句中的“history's functions can seem more difficult to __13__ than those of engineering or medicine”，并结合常识可知，历史学科的功能似乎比工程或医学学科的功能更难定义。A项意为“给……下定义”，符合语境。B项意为“预期”；C项意为“满足”；D项意为“忽视”。

14．A.optional   B．attractive

C．accessible   D．essential

解析：选D　根据该句中的“History is in fact very useful, actually __14__”，并结合语境可推知，空处和“very useful”对应，说明历史事实上是非常有用的，实际上是非常重要的。D项意为“极其重要的”，符合语境。A项意为“可选择的”；B项意为“吸引人的”；C项意为“可进入的”。

15．A.valuable   B．interesting

C．instructive   D．accurate

解析：选C　根据该句中的“but the products of historical study are often less __15__ and immediate than those of other subjects”可知，历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科的成果更有教育意义和即时的效果。C项意为“有教育意义的”，符合语境。A项意为“有价值的”；B项意为“有趣的”；D项意为“精确的”。

16．A.imagine   B．behave

C．fight   D．fade

解析：选B　根据下文所举的例子，并结合该句的内容可知，历史帮助我们了解人、社会以及他们是如何表现的。B项意为“表现”，符合语境。A项意为“想象”；C项意为“战斗”；D项意为“褪色”。

17．A.prevent   B．remember

C．evaluate   D．declare

解析：选C　根据空后一句并结合该句的内容可推知，如果不使用历史资料，我们如何评估过去的战争和未来的威胁呢？C项意为“评估”，符合语境。A项意为“阻止”；B项意为“记得”；D项意为“宣告”。

18．A.Consequently   B．Alternatively

C．Fortunately   D．Admittedly

解析：选A　根据上文可知，社会运转的重要方面不能作为精确的实验来设置，并结合该句可知，因此，历史必须作为我们的实验室(laboratory)，帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。A项意为“因此”，符合语境。B项意为“或者”；C项意为“幸运地”；D项意为“不可否认地”。

19．A.library   B．laboratory

C．clinic   D．museum

解析：选B　参见上题解析。B项意为“实验室”，符合语境。A项意为“图书馆”；C项意为“诊所”；D项意为“博物馆”。

20．A.make up for   B．give in to

C．get close to   D．stay away from

解析：选D　根据上文可知，历史帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情；据此可知，此处是说我们不能远离历史。D项意为“远离”，符合语境。A项意为“弥补”；B项意为“屈服”；C项意为“接近”。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2021·衡阳高三模拟)Recently a new type of reusable mask developed by a Ningbo­based company __1__(enter) the market. Unlike surgical masks, this new product, uses a nanomaterial membrane (纳米膜), rather than the __2__ (type) melt­blown fabric, to filter (过滤) bacteria and viruses.

Laboratory tests and __3__third party report show that the mask has achieved the same quality standards of the N95 mask, which can filter 95 percent of tiny objects with a diameter of at least 75 nanometers. The masks are also comfortable, easy to breathe __4__.What's better, depending on the user's setting and wear time, the mask can __5__ (use)up to 20 times.

The mask can also resist repeated sterilization (杀菌) with boiling water, disinfectant, __6__alcohol, meaning that people only need to change the filter after wearing it for 12 hours and wash it regularly in hot water at a temperature between 56 and 70 __7__(degree) Celsius for long­term use.

The mask is currently divided into two grades __8__(price) at 6 yuan ($0.89) and 9 yuan, __9__(respective). Both are equipped with two replaceable filters. Besides, compared with adult masks, the masks made especially for children are __10__(skin­friendly)．

1．has entered　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文Recently可知应用现在完成时，且主语为a Ningbo­based company，助动词用has。故填has entered。

2．typical　考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词fabric，应用形容词typical。故填typical。

3．a　考查冠词。report为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且third的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。

4．through　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示透气性好，容易呼吸。故填through。

5．be reused/be used　考查动词的语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，此处可表示“使用”用use，也可表示“再次使用”应用reuse，且can后跟动词原形。故填be reused / be used。

6．or　考查连词。此处表示“该口罩还能抵抗沸水、消毒剂或酒精的反复消毒”，表示“或者”应用or。故填or。

7．degrees　考查名词复数。degree为可数名词，设空处由“56 and 70”修饰应用复数形式。故填degrees。

8．priced　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知price在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语mask构成动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填priced。

9．respectively　考查副词。句意：目前，这种口罩分为两种等级，价格分别为6元(0.89美元)和9元。修饰上文at 6 yuan ($0.89) and 9 yuan应用副词respectively，表示“分别”。故填respectively。

10．more skin­friendly　考查比较级。句意：此外，与成人口罩相比，专为儿童制作的口罩更亲肤。设空处表示“更亲肤的”应用形容词比较级。故填more skin­friendly。