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2021年天津市宝坻一中高考英语三模试卷（含答案解析）
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这是一份2021年天津市宝坻一中高考英语三模试卷（含答案解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了 推荐理由；， 表达祝愿，【答案】C，【答案】D，【答案】B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021年天津市宝坻一中高考英语三模试卷
1. --Could you do me a favor and take the box up to the six floor？
--________.（ ）
A. My pleasure B. With pleasure C. No wonder D. No comment
2. She works in a _____ school and teaches children between 5 and 11 years old.（ ）
A. primary B. precious C. secondary D. senior
3. The professor _____ sit in his study for hours when he worked on the new project.（ ）
A. could B. might C. would D. should
4. Scientists are trying to find out what advantage should be _____ the natural resources in this area.（ ）
A. taken off B. taken on C. taken of D. taken up
5. The shop owner will get all these goods ordered _______to the customers today.
A. to deliver B. delivering C. deliver D. delivered
6. She asked the young man to be brief and _____ as she had little time to spare.
A. at best B. in place C. to the point D. on the spot
7. What a terrible experience!_______，you're safe nowthat's the main thing．（ ）
A. Anyhow B. Besides C. Though D. Somehow
8. You may think of giving up study,in case just think it over before making the decision.（ ）
A. that B. which C. whose D. where
9. -Take a break, Amy. You ______ on the piano all morning.
-All right. But the competition is coming soon. I have to work harder.（ ）
A. are practising B. will be practising
C. have been practising D. practice
10. It is said that dogs will keep you ________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A. safety B. company C. house D. friend
11. She is overweight， but she can't ____ the temptation to eat more delicious food．（ ）
A. forbid B. attach C. allow D. resist
12. The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job．（ ）
A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
13. —You've left the light on.
—Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.
A. I'll go B. I've gone C. I go D. I'm going to
14. Under the regulation,restaurants and hotels shall stop offering throwaway items_______customers request them.（ ）
A. since B. once C. unless D. until
15. --Mary,you water the plants in the garden and I will cook the dine.
--OK，______.（ ）
A. my pleasure B. no way
C. I'm glad to hear that D. that's settled
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.I began to（1） ______ on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA.Three months later I（2） ______ myself on a plane to Phoenix,Arizona.I was（3） ______ at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months.However,within fifteen minutes of（4） ______ ，my worries had gone.Everyone was so（5） ______ and like-minded that it was very（6） ______ to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day（7） ______ .We had to（8） ______ everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a（9） ______ way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack,my legs were on fire.
My job was to（10） ______ a stairway out of rock.This（11） ______ climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited（栖息）by mountain lions,although I should say they were only heard,never（12） ______ .
Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being.The（13） ______ of knowing that my（14） ______ will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were（15） ______ in a thunderstorm.I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent.The temperature was close to（16） ______ .I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only（17） ______ part of my tent.
（ 18） ______ ，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I（19） ______ .I think I am much（20） ______ for having taken part in the project.
16. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
17. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found
18. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
19. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
20. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
21. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy
22. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
23. A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy
24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
25. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard
26. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
27. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed
28. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
29. A. work B. memory C. record D. story
30. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
32. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
33. A. By the way B. Regardless of that
C. Needless to say D. In either case
34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered
35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier
Q
Harvard Pre-College Program
SESSION Ⅰ：
SESSION Ⅱ：
SESSION Ⅲ：
June 23-July 5，2019
July 7-July 19，2019
July 21-August 2，2019
Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.
HERE YOU CAN：
Learn without limits
Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics,law,writing,philosophy,and a dozen other subjects.
Live at Harvard
*You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square.
*Your plan covers three meals a day,seven days a week.
Have fun outside the classroom
You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance,a Red Sox game at Fenway Park,or a trip to the Museum of Science.
ELIGIBILITY （申请资格）：
Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021.
TO APPLY：
Complete an online application and provide the following materials：the ﹩50 non-refundable application fee；transcripts（成绩单）with fall 2018 grades；signed rules and regulations.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS：
Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa.If English is not your native language,submit scores from the TOEFL or IELTS language proficiency exam.
APPLICATION TIPS：
*No fee is required to start your application.You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.
*The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.
*Use a desktop or laptop.You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application.This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.
*You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.
36. Harvard organizes such a program to ______ .
A. reduce students' academic pressure
B. select good students to join in Harvard
C. make students obtain high grades in their study
D. help students prepare for their future college life
37. What can we learn about the program？ ______
A. Students are offered three meals except weekends.
B. It merely has two sessions during one summer.
C. It provides courses on various subjects for students.
D. Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.
38. If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program,you need to provide ______ .
A. a B-2 tourist visa
B. transcripts with your fall 2018 grades
C. scores from the TOEFL exam
D. a recommendation letter from your high school teacher
39. The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______ .
A. their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements
B. the application fee should be paid before they start applying
C. it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply
D. they can check the application status in a week
R
Lisa was running late.Lisa,25，had a lot to do at work,plus visitors on the way：her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown.But as she hurried down the subway stairs,she started to feel uncomfortably warm.By the time she got to the platform,Lisa felt weak and tired-maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before,she thought.She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.
Several yards away,Frank,43，and his girlfriend,Jennifer,found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop.They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying.
But when he heard the scream,followed by someone yelling, "Oh,my God,she fell in!" Frank didn't hesitate.He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. "No!Not you!" his girlfriend shouted after him.
She was right to be alarmed.By the time Frank reached Lisa,he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming.The train was about 20 seconds from the station.
It was hard to lift her.She was just out.But he managed to raise her four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the legs and drag her away from the edge.That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness,felt herself being pulled along the ground,and saw someone else holding her purse.
Lisa thought she'd been robbed.A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head.And she tried to talk but she couldn't,and that was when she realized how much pain she was in.
Police and fire officials soon arrived,and Frank told the story to an officer.Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown-just as he had been seconds after the rescue,which made her think about her reaction at the time. "I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die," she explained.
40. What was the most probable cause for Lisa's weakness？ ______
A. She had run a long way.
B. She felt hot in the subway.
C. She had done a lot of work.
D. She had donated blood the night before.
41. Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend？ ______
A. Because they would miss their train.
B. Because he didn't see the train coming.
C. Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift.
D. Because she was afraid the train would kill him.
42. How did Frank save Lisa？ ______
A. By lifting her to the platform.
B. By helping her rise to her feet.
C. By pulling her along the ground.
D. By dragging her away from the edge.
43. When did Lisa become conscious again？ ______
A. When the train was leaving.
B. After she was back on the platform.
C. After the police and fire officials came.
D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.
44. The passage is intended to ______ .
A. warn us of the danger in the subway
B. show us how to save people in the subway
C. tell us about a subway rescue
D. report a traffic accident
S
Most humans are able to recognize about 1 million different colors,but some people can't recognize this many because of something called colorblindness.In rare cases,some people can't see any colors at all.
There are three cone-shaped（锥形的）cells at the back of our eyes that allow us to see colors.These cells absorb tight waves and send a message to the brain,where the image is processed.
If something is wrong with these cone-shaped cells,this can result in colorblindness.
Thankfully,special color-correcting glasses have already been made to help fix some types or colorblindness.Now,according to research published in Optics Letters,scientists have provided another choice.
Sharon Karepov and Tal Ellenbogen,engineers from Tel Aviv University in Israel,have found a way to apply this technology to contact lenses（隐形眼镜）.This is good news for the millions of people worldwide who suffer from colorblindness.
One of the most common types of colorblindness is red-green colorblindness.People who have this specific type have difficulty telling the colors red and green apart. "Problems with distinguishing red from green stop simple daily routines such as deciding whether a banana is ripe," Karepov explained.
Karepov also stressed the importance of applying this finding to create special contact lenses instead of relying on color-correcting glasses.
"Glasses based on this correction concept are commercially available.However,they are too big than contact lenses." Karepov said. "Our contact lenses create a customized,compact and durable way to deal with these shortcomings."
This new research is groundbreaking.In addition to offering those who are colorblind another option,it may lead to solutions for other visual damage.
45. What can cause colorblindness,according to the article？ ______
A. Only one type of cone-shaped cell exists in the eyes.
B. Cone-shaped cells cannot process images received.
C. The brain fails to absorb and process light waves.
D. Cone-shaped cells probably don't work properly.
46. What is true about people with colorblindness？ ______
A. They can recognize 1 million different colors.
B. They are not interested in colorful stuff.
C. They may find daily tasks more difficult.
D. They have fewer cone-shaped cells than other people.
47. What does "this technology" means in Paragraph 5？ ______
A. Three cone-shaped cells.
B. Special color-correcting glasses.
C. Processed image.
D. Red-green colorblindness type.
48. What is the advantage of the contact lenses over the glasses？ ______
A. They are much smaller.
B. They are easier to make.
C. They are much cheaper.
D. They can help correct colorblindness.
49. Why is Sharon Karepov and Tal Ellenbogen's research groundbreaking？ ______
A. It has led to a cure for colorblindness.
B. It has found causes of visual damage.
C. It could lead to solutions for other visual damage.
D. It has helped to develop glasses to fix visual damage.
T
Those with closed minds refused to consider any contradictory facts,and they proceed with their planned course of action,full speed ahead,with their "minds made up" and tightly shut.As an illustration,consider the situation in 1986，prior to the space shuttle Challenger's disastrous launch that killed all seven astronauts aboard,there was a heated telephone debate between two engineers from the company that produced the shuttle booster rockets and the top officials of NASA（the federal government's space agency）.The engineers insisted that the flight was too risky because of freezing temperature at the Florida launch site.They explained that some of the seals on the fuel tanks were not designed to withstand such low temperatures and might leak under pressure,thus endangering the craft and crew.
Despite the please（恳求）to stop the flight,officials at NASA overruled the engineers,who were best qualified to make judgments about the complex technical problems of space flight.What caused the officials to ignore the engineers？Several flights had already been delayed,and it would not look good to postpone another.It would be bad public relations to disappoint the crowds of people and news reporters waiting for the launch.Top government officials were ready to appear on the national television and take the credit for another safe flight.As a result,with their minds absolutely closed to the facts presented by the engineers,NASA officials ordered the Challenger to take off.Seventy-three seconds later,the spacecraft was enveloped in flame.
Incredibly,seventeen years later,the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated.In 2003，the space shuttle Columbia broke apart while re-entering the earth's atmosphere,killing another crew of seven.During the shuttle's liftoff,a piece of foam insulation（泡沫隔热材料）had broken off,hitting the shuttle's wing at five hundred miles per hour.Lower-level engineers at NASA begged for photographs of the Columbia in orbit,which might have shown the extent of the damage,but their closed-minded superiors ignored their requests.It was the damage caused by the 1.7 pound chunk of insulation that doomed the Columbia.
There is no virtue in ignoring contradictory facts and " sticking to your guns" when the course taken shows all the signs of being the wrong one.Closed minds are especially noticeable in political campaigns and debates.Many people line up to support one candidate or another and won't listen to any facts presented by the opposing candidate.
All those with an open mind say is this： "I don't know everything,so I'd better keep my mind,eyes,and ears open to any new facts that may come along." The world would be a much better and safer place if everyone had this attitude.
50. Which of the following brought about the disastrous launch of the Challenger？ ______
A. Its crew B. The engineers
C. The fuel tanks' seals D. The size of its rocket
51. When the engineers appealed to stop the launch of the Challenger,the government officials ______ .
A. delayed the flight at once.
B. made judgments about the complex technical problems.
C. announced the news on national television.
D. ordered to launch the Challenger as scheduled.
52. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3？ ______
A. The Columbia disaster was impossible to foresee.
B. Engineers were to blame for the Columbia's explosion.
C. The Columbia disaster could have been avoided.
D. The Columbia was damaged by design.
53. What does the underlined phrase "sticking to your guns" in Paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Holding firm to your own opinion.
B. Remaining and firing your gun at enemies.
C. Strengthening your status.
D. Keeping an open mind.
54. What is the main purpose of the passage？ ______
A. To inform readers about what an open mind is.
B. To entertain readers with two stories of tragedies in space.
C. To persuade readers to keep an open mind.
D. To criticize what NASA officials had done in aerospace history.
55. How does the author support the argument of the passage？ ______
A. By stating arguments.
B. By giving examples.
C. By explaining statistical data.
D. By providing research result.
56. I was in a local store recently when I saw something that opened a window into my soul,which helped let in a little more light.
I had just picked up some shampoo and was headed to the pet supplies to get some dog food for my furry friends.I decided to take a shortcut through one of the toy aisles.Blocking my way,however,was a young father and his four-year-old daughter.The little girl was pleading（恳求）with her dad to buy her a new doll.The dad was being gentle but firm,telling her they couldn't afford it right now.Finally,the daughter burst into tears and said angrily, "I hate you!"
I thought that the father would get mad at her for this outburst.I knew that I probably would do so when I was his age.Instead he just smiled down at her,put his hand on her head,and said, "That's alright.You'll love me later." I stood there in amazement as he took her hand and they walked off.Then it dawned on me that I had been in this situation many times myself over the years but not as the father.
In my childhood,many times I grew angry with my parents when I felt my requests weren't being answered.Through them all,though,my parents were still patient,loving,and kind to me.They knew that I didn't understand why certain things had to happen the way they did.They knew that my anger was a part of my growing up spiritually in this world.They knew that I would love them later.
Now I have grown up and become a parent of two children.I have deeper understanding of parents' behavior in different situations.They love their next generation,but more than that,they also know that they should love them in a proper way.Raising a healthy child means to help him grow both mentally and physically.That is why we need to trust our parents' love and give them ours as well.It is never too late to love them.It is never too late to invite them into your soul.It is never too late to let their light guide your life.
(1) How did the girl feel towards her father's refusal？（ no more than 10 words） ______
(2) What reaction of the father made the author amazed？（ no more than 10 words） ______
(3) How do you understand the underlined part in Para.3？（ no more than 15 words） ______
(4) What's the author's understanding of parents' love after growing up？（ no more than 15 words） ______
(5) Have your parents ever refused your request？What do you think about it now？（ no more than 20 words） ______
假定你是李华，你校的外籍交换生 Henry 给你发了一封邮件，想让你为他推荐一种词典，用来学习汉语，请你用英语给他回复。内容包括：
1. 词典名称；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Henry,
______
Yours,
Li Hua答案和解析
1.【答案】B
【解析】答案：B。A.My pleasure 和It's my pleasure同义，是"不用谢、甭客气"的意思，是回答对方表示感谢的客套话；B.With pleasure 意思是 "非常乐意（效劳）"，常用于对别人请求的回复；C.No wonder难怪；D.No comment无可奉告。本题中结合情境"你能帮我一个忙把这个箱子搬到六楼去吗？"可知，考查请求帮忙时回答别人的请求用语。
故选：B。
--你能帮我一个忙把这个箱子搬到六楼去吗？ --愿意效劳。
情景对话题主要考查英语的日常用语、习惯用语以及各种场合的交际性语言，并从实际出发，考查交际语言的运用能力。做题时仔细阅读上下文，结合具体语境灵活使用。
2.【答案】A
【解析】答案：A.根据题意，她在一所小学工作，教5至11岁的孩子。本题考查形容词的词义辨析。A.primary基础的，最初的；B.precious珍贵的；C.secondary次要的；D.senior高级的，高级水平的。primary school小学；secondary school初中；senior school高中。
故选：A。
她在一所小学工作，教5至11岁的孩子。
本题着重考查形容词的词意辨析，这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注形容词的词意，也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个形容词放在一起对比记忆，这样更加有利于加深对于形容词的记忆。
3.【答案】C
【解析】答案：C.根据题意，当教授研究新项目的时候，他会在书房坐上好几个小时。本题考查情态动词的用法。A.could能够，可能；B.might也许；C.would将会；D.should应该。情态动词would在这里表示一种倾向和一贯的做法。
故选：C。
当教授研究新项目的时候，他会在书房坐上好几个小时。
本题考查情态动词的用法。单项选择题考查内容广泛，涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的覆盖面，设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。
4.【答案】C
【解析】答案：C.根据题意，科学家们正试图找出应该利用这一领域的什么自然资源。本题考查动词短语的辨析。A.taken off脱下，起飞；B.taken on呈现；C.taken advantage of利用；D.taken up占据。
故选：C。
科学家们正试图找出应该利用这一领域的什么自然资源。
本题着重考查动词短语的辨析，这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注动词短语的意思，也可以考虑将形近意相近的多个动词短语放在一起对比记忆，这样更加有利于加深对于动词短语的记忆。
5.【答案】D
【解析】句意：店主今天会将所有这些已预定的货物派送给顾客。本句考查短语get sth done，其中ordered为过去分词作后置定语，修饰all these goods；因为get all these goods ordered与deliver之间为逻辑上存在着动宾关系，所有用过去分词作宾补。故选D。
6.【答案】C
【解析】句意：她要求这个年轻人简明扼要，因为她几乎没有多余的时间。A.at best最好的情况下；最多；B.in place适当；在合适的位置；C.to the point中肯；切题；切中要害；D.on the spot在现场；马上。根据句意，她几乎没有多余的时间，所以要求年轻人简明扼要。
7.【答案】A
【解析】本题考查副词辨析．anyhow不管怎样；besides此外；though可是；somehow不知怎么地．
故选：A．
多么可怕的经历！不管怎样，你现在安全了．那是最重要的．
本题考查副词词义辨析，考生在平时的学习中应注意积累相应的词汇和搭配，并牢记其意思．在做题时，将词义和题干相结合，从语法、句子结构尤其是句意上去判断，句意通顺，符合逻辑，即正确答案．
8.【答案】B
【解析】答案：B.分析句子结构可知，逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，介词"in"后面只能接关系代词"which/whom"引导的定语从句，"in which case"译为"在这种情况下"。which指代前面的主句。
故选：B。
你可能会考虑放弃学习，在这种情况下，在做决定之前先仔细考虑一下。
"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有 which,whom, whose,它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句．关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
1．介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配
2．介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配
3．介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配
4．有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配
5．表示 "所有格"或"整体与部分关系"时，用介词of
9.【答案】C
【解析】根据句意和时间状语all morning可知这里表示从过去到现在一直做的事情，可能还要继续下去．用现在完成进行时．
故选：C。
-休息一下，艾米．你整个上午都在练习钢琴．-好吧．但是比赛很快就要开始了．我必须更加努力．
现在完成进行时是英语中动词的一种基本时态，其构成为：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分．表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去．
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意：据说，当你感到孤独时，只要你想，狗会陪伴你。safety安全；company陪伴；house房子；friend朋友。根据句意，keep you company意为如影随形，故选B。
11.【答案】D
【解析】答案：D．考查动词词义辨析．句意：她超重了，但她无法抗拒吃更多美味食物的诱惑．forbid禁止；attach依附；allow允许；resist拒绝．所以D选项符合句意．
故选：D．
她超重了，但她无法抗拒吃更多美味食物的诱惑．
本题考查动词的词义辨析．动词词义题一直都是高考考查的一个热点，它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语和正确时态语态的能力和．由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案．
12.【答案】D
【解析】答案为D．本题考查名词性从句中引导词的运用．题干空格后面是介词to后面的宾语从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：任何一个…的人，故选D．A项"who谁"表示疑问，意义不符．B项在从句中做宾语，故排除；C项不引导名词性从句，故排除；
故选：D．
这本指导书对想从事这项工作的人很有帮助．
名词性从句考查的关键是连接词的选用和语序，因此，我们首先要搞清从句的性质，掌握各连接词的用法，在此基础上判断．此外，关注名词性从句用陈述语序．
13.【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你走的时候没有关灯。——哦，我关了。我去把它关了。AD都可以表示一般将来时，will do表示“临时决定”，be going to do表示“计划，安排做某事”。根据常识可知，没有关灯是临时起意。故选A。
14.【答案】C
【解析】since因为；既然；once一旦；unless除非；如果不；until直到…时候才…根据句意， C项正确．
故选：C．
根据规定，餐厅和酒店应停止提供一次性服务除非顾客要求．
考查从属连词，弄清楚各种从属连词引导什么状语从句，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意选择最合适的选项．
15.【答案】D
【解析】答案：D。A.My pleasure 是"不用谢、甭客气"的意思，是回答对方表示感谢的客套话；B.no way没门，不可能；C.I'm glad to hear that听到这消息我很高兴；D.that's settled一言为定；那就决定了。结合前一句话"Mary,you water the plants in the garden and I will cook the dine玛丽，你给花园里的植物浇水，我来做饭"可知，答语为that's settled就这么定了。
故选：D。
--玛丽，你给花园里的植物浇水，我来做饭。
-- 好吧，就这么定了。
情景对话题主要考查英语的日常用语、习惯用语以及各种场合的交际性语言，并从实际出发，考查交际语言的运用能力。做题时仔细阅读上下文，结合具体语境灵活使用。
16~35.【答案】D、D、C、A、B、D、B、C、C、A、D、C、A、A、B、D、B、C、A、B
【解析】（1）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.calculate计算；B.negotiate协商；C.advertise登广告；D.research研究。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现"美国志愿者"。根据前文的"Last year I decided to do some volunteer work."可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D项。
（2）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.imagined想象；B.introduced介绍；C.enjoyed喜欢；D.found发现。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。根据前文的"I began to_1_on the Internet…"可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D项。
（3）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.annoyed烦恼的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.scared害怕的；D.excited兴奋的。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。根据后面的"my worries had gone."可知，我一开始很担忧。故选C项。
（4）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.arriving到达；B.sleeping睡觉；C.thinking思考；D.walking行走。句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。根据"feel at home"得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选A项。
（5）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A.confident自信的；B.friendly友好的；C.energetic活力的；D.curious好奇的。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。根据后文"and like-minded"可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B项。
（6）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A.funny搞笑的；B.good好的；C.lucky幸运的；D.easy容易的。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。根据 "that like-minded"和"feel at home"得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D项。
（7）B．考查名词及语境理解。A.tour游览；B.project项目；C.campaign活动；D.course课程。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。根据下文"for having taken part in the project"可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B项。
（8）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.drop掉下；B.make制作；C.carry携带；D.buy购买。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。根据下文"with a heavy pack"可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。故选C项。
（9）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.nice好的；B.safe安全的；C.long长的；D.quick快的。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。根据前文"walk three miles"可知，作者他们走的路程不远。故选C项。
（10）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.build建造；B.test测试；C.clean清洁；D.guard保卫。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。根据下文"climbing up and down the side of a mountain."可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。
（11）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.helped帮助；B.ended结束；C.allowed允许；D.meant意味。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。根据"climbing up and down"可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。故选D项。
（12）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.hunted捕猎；B.trained训练；C.seen看到；D.fed喂养。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。根据前文"although I should say they were only heard"可知，作者以前没有见过。故选C项。
（13）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.satisfaction满意；B.ambition雄心；C.expectation期待；D.intention意图。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。根据上文的"a beautiful stairway came into being"可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A项。
（14）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.work工作，作品；B.memory回忆；C.record记录；D.story故事。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。根据上文的"My job was to""a beautiful stairway came into being"可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A项。
（15）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.left离开；B.caught捉住；C.attacked袭击；D.separated分离。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。根据下文"I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent"可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B项。
（16）D．考查形容词短语及语境理解。A.boiling煮沸的；B.average平均的；C.normal正常的；D.freezing冰冻的。句意：温度接近零度。根据下文"trembling"得知温度很低。故选D项。
（17）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A.tidy干净的；B.dry干的；C.new新的；D.soft软的。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。根据上文的"thunderstorm"和后文的"part of my tent"可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B项。
（18）C．考查介词短语及语境理解。A.By the way顺便问一下；B.Regardless of that尽管这样；C.Needless to say 不用说；D.In either case在这两种情况下。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C项。
（19）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.survived生存；B.resisted反抗；C.escaped逃离，抓牢；D.recovered恢复。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。根据上文"But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there."可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A项。
（20）B．考查形容词比较级及语境理解。A.smarter更聪明的；B.stronger更强壮的；C.happier更快乐的；D.busier更忙碌的。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。根据前文"But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B项。
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这个经历让自己变得更坚强。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36~39.【答案】D、C、B、A
【解析】（1）D．细节理解题。根据文章内容，Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience. 我们的高中生暑期课程旨在为成功的大学体验铺平道路。可知该课程的目的是帮助学生们为他们未来的大学生活作准备，结合选项，故选D．
（2）C．推理判断题。根据文章内容，Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics,law,writing,philosophy,and a dozen other subjects. 我们会为学生提供各种学习课程，学生可以继续学习物理、法律、写作、哲学和其他十几门课程。结合选项，故选C．
（3）B．细节理解题。根据文章内容，Complete an online application and provide the following materials ：the ﹩50 nonrefundable application fee ；transcripts （成绩单） with fall 2018 grades ；signed rules and regulations. 填写网上申请表，并提供以下材料：50英镑不可退还的申请费；2018年秋季成绩的成绩单；签了名的规章制度表。可知如果你想申请该项目，你应该提供2018年秋季成绩单，结合选项，故选B．
（4）A．细节理解题。根据文章内容，The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section. 成功申请者的托福成绩通常在103分以上，笔试成绩为25分，雅思成绩至少为7.5分，笔试成绩为7分。可知申请者的托福或者雅思成绩必须达到一定的标准，结合选项，故选A．
本文章主要讲述了哈佛大学为高中生适应大学生生活而开设的暑假课程，同时对课程时间、学习内容以及申请注意事项等进行了说明。
考查广告布告类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
40~44.【答案】D、D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。由第一段倒数第二句Lisa felt weak and tired-maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before丽莎感到虚弱和疲倦也许前一天晚上献血不是个好主意。可知，Lisa感觉虚弱和劳累，可能前一天晚上不该去献血。故选D．
（2）D.推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die我看到火车来了，我想他会死的。可知詹妮弗要阻止她的男朋友是因为因为她害怕火车会碾死他。故选D．
（3）A.细节理解题。由倒数第三段But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge但他设法把她抬到了四英尺高的平台上，这样旁观者就可以抓住她的笑容，把她从边缘拖走。可知弗兰克是把她抬到平台上来救丽莎的。故选A．
（4）B.细节理解题。由倒数第三段的It was hard to lift her.She was just out.But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge.That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness的很难提起她。她刚出去。但他设法把她抬到了四英尺高的平台上，这样旁观者就可以抓住她的笑容，把她从边缘拖走。丽萨就是在那里短暂地恢复了意识。可知丽莎回到站台后恢复意识的
火。故选B．
（5）C.写作目的题。写作目的或告诉人们一个事实或给人得到某种教育或让人娱乐。本文只是告诉我们一个在地铁救人的一个事实。故选C
文中讲述弗兰克在地铁营救一个晕倒的女人的感人故事。丽莎因捐血在火车站倍感疲劳，晕倒在铁路上。幸运的是好心的弗兰克跳下站台，冲上铁轨，冒着生命危险营救丽莎。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
45~49.【答案】D、C、B、A、C
【解析】（1）D．细节理解题。根据第五段If something is wrong with these cone-shaped cells,this can cause problems when the brain processes the image.One of the most common types of colorblindness is red-green colorblindness.People who have this specific type of visual disadvantage have difficulty telling apart the colors red and green.可知如果这些锥形细胞出了问题，就会导致大脑在处理图象时出现问题最常见的一种色盲是红绿色盲。有这种视觉缺陷的人很难区分红色和绿色。由此可知，色盲的原因是眼睛中的锥形细胞不能正常工作。故选D.
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第六段""Problems with distinguishing red from green stop simple daily routines such as deciding whether a banana is ripe," Karepov explained. 卡雷波夫解释说："区分红色和绿色的问题会阻碍日常生活，比如判断香蕉是否成熟。"可知色盲患者他们可能会发现日常工作更困难。故选C.
（3）B.词义指代题。根据第四段"Thankfully,special color-correcting glasses have already been made to help fix some types or colorblindness.Now,according to research published in Optics Letters,scientists have provided another choice. 值得庆幸的是，特殊的颜色矫正眼镜已经被制造出来，可以帮助修复某些类型或色盲。现在，根据发表在《光学快报》上的研究，科学家们提供了另一种选择。"以及划线词所在的句子"Sharon Karepov and Tal Ellenbogen,engineers from Tel Aviv University in Israel,have found a way to apply this technology to contact lenses （隐形眼镜）.来自以色列特拉维夫大学的工程师 Sharon Karepov 和 Tal Ellenbogen 发现了一种将这种技术应用于隐形眼镜的方法。 "可知this technology指的是特殊的校色眼镜。A.Three cone-shaped cells 三个锥形细胞；B.Special color-correcting glasses 特殊的校色眼镜；C.Processed image 处理过的图象；D.Red-green colorblindness type 红绿色盲。故选B.
（4）A.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段" "Glasses based on this correction concept are commercially available.However,they are too big than contact lenses." Karepov said. "Our contact lenses create a customized,compact and durable（耐用的）way to deal with these shortcomings.""基于这种校正概念的眼镜已经在市场上出售。但是，它们比隐形眼镜大得多。"卡列波夫说。"我们的隐形眼镜定制，紧凑，耐用的方式来处理这些缺点。"可知隐形眼镜的优点是它们小得多。故选A.
（5）C．细节理解题。根据第三段中This new method is so groundbreaking because it can be customized to fix many different kinds of visual disadvantages.可知这个新方法是如此的开创性，因为它可以定制来修复许多不同种类的视觉缺陷。由此可知，Sharon Karepov和Tal Ellenbogen的发现具有开创性，是因为他们开发了特殊的隐形眼镜来弥补许多视觉缺陷。故选C.
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列特拉维夫大学的工程师Sharon Karepov和Tal Ellenbogen已经研制出一种特殊的眼镜来帮助修复一些色盲。文章还分析了色盲群体中视觉缺陷的原因，并介绍了一些目前在进行的有效、可行的，对于视力缺陷患者有帮助的一些方法，并对此持乐观的态度。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
50~55.【答案】C、D、C、A、C、B
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据文章第一段" They explained that some of the seals on the fuel tanks were not designed to with stand such low temperatures and might leak under pressure,thus endangering the craft and crew." 他们解释说，燃料箱上的一些密封装置不能承受如此低的温度，在压力下可能会泄漏，从而危及飞船和船员。可知是油箱密封造成了挑战者号的灾难。故选C。
（2）D.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"As a result,with their minds absolutely closed to the facts presented by the engineers,NASA officials ordered the Challenger to take off.Seventy-three seconds later,the spacecraft was enveloped in flame." 结果，NASA的官员们完全不考虑I程师们提供的事实，命令挑战者号起飞。73秒后，宇宙飞船被火焰包围。可知是政府官员命令挑战者号如期发射。故选D项。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据文章第三段的"Incredibly,seventeen years later,the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated. " 令人难以置信的是，17年后，挑战者号灾难的教训再次出现。和本段的"Lower-level engineers at NASA begged for photographs of the Columbia in orbit,which might have shown the extent of the damage,but their closed-minded superiors ignored their requests.It was the damage caused by the 1.7 pound chunk of insulation that doomed the Columbia." NASA 的低层工程师们要求获得哥伦比亚号在轨道上的照片，这样可以显示损坏的程度，但他们头脑封闭的上级忽略了他们的要求。正是这块1.7磅重的绝缘材料造成的损坏导致了哥伦比亚号的失事。可知同样是头脑封闭的上级忽略了低层工程师的要求，即如果上级对任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，本次事故本可以避免。故选C项。
（4）A.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段"when the course taken shows all the signs of being the wrong one." 当所采取的路线显示出所有错误的迹象时；以及上句"There is no virtue in ignoring contradictory facts " 忽视相互矛盾的事实是没有好处的，划线部分和本句由and并列，故应和"忽视相互矛盾的事实"意义相近，故A项（固执己见）符合题意，故选A项。
（5）C.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段" AII those with an open mind say is this ： "I don't know everything,so I'd better keep my mind,eyes,and ears open to any new facts that may come along." The world would be a much better and safer place if everyone hadthis attitude." 所有心态开放的人都会说：我不是什么都知道，所以我最好保持我的头脑，眼睛和耳朵开放，以接受任何可能出现的新事实。如果每个人都有这样的态度，世界将会变得更加美好和安全。故文章主要是说服读者要保持开放的心态。故选C项。
（6）B.推理判断题。通读文章第一段 As an illustration,consider the situation in 1986 ，prior to the space shuttle Challenger's disatrous launch that killed all seven astronauts aboard,there was a heated telephone debate between two engineers from the company that produced the shuttle booster rockets and the top officials of NASA （the federal government's space agency ）.作为一个例子，考虑这种情况，1986年代挑战者"号航天飞机发射前，机上七名宇航员全部遇难有两个工程师之间的争论激烈的电话产生助推火箭和航天飞机的公司的高层官员NASA（联邦政府年代航天局）。以及文章的第二段"Incredibly,seventeen years later,the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated.In 2003 ，the space shuttle Columbia broke apart while re-entering the earth satmosphere,killing another crew of seven." 令人难以置信的是，17年后，挑战者号灾难的教训再次出现。2003年，哥伦比亚号航天飞机在重返地球大气层时解体，造成另外 7名机组人员死亡。可知文章是通过举例支持文章的论点。故选B项。
本文是一篇议论文。论述了那些思想封闭的人拒绝考虑任何相互矛盾的事实，坚决严守地按照计划行事。文中用1986年"挑战者"号航天飞机遇难以及2003年，哥伦比亚号航天飞机在重返地球大气层时解体来说明这种观点带来的严重后果，并呼吁人们大家对任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，如果每个人都有这样的态度，世界将会变得更加美好和安全。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
56.【答案】【小题1】She was sad/ disappointed and angry/ upset with her father.
【小题2】（That）He smiled at his daughter （and comforted her）instead of getting mad.
【小题3】The author used to get mad at his children in such situations.
Or：The author didn't behave the same as/ as well as the father.
Or：The author didn't deal with the situation as the father did.
【小题4】They love their children and know how to love them properly.They love their children and do it in a proper way.
【小题5】Yes,more than once.But now I know they did that only to help me grow healthily.
【解析】（1）She was sad/ disappointed and angry/ upset with her father. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 Finally,the daughter burst into tears and said angrily, "I hate you!" 可知，最终，女孩儿哭了，并生气地说："我恨你！"因此，女孩儿在被父亲拒绝之后感到伤心和失望。故答案为She was sad/ disappointed and angry/ upset with her father.
（2）The father smiled at his daughter （and comforted her ） instead of getting mad. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句" I thought that the father would get mad at her for this outburst.我以为父亲会因为她这次发火而生她的气"，和第三句中" Instead he just smiled down at her,put his hand on her head 相反，他只是朝她微笑，把手放在她的头上"，可知，"我"之所以惊讶是因为那个父亲不但没有生气反而微笑。故答案为The father smiled at his daughter （and comforted her ） instead of getting mad.
（3）The author used to get mad at his children in such situations.Or ：The author didn't behave the same as/ as well as the father （did）．Or：The author didn't deal with the situation as the father did. 归纳总结题。根据划线句" I stood there in amazement as he took her hand and they walked off.Then it dawned on me that I had been in this situation many times myself over the years but not as the father. 他拉着她的手，他们走了，我惊愕地站在那里，这时我才意识到，这些年来，我自己也经历过很多次这种情况，但不是作为父亲。"可知后来"我"才明白，这些年来"我"也曾多次处于这种情况，但不像这个父亲。这个父亲对于这种情况没有生气而是微笑。因此"不像这个父亲"，即与他的做法不同。因此作者会对自己的孩子生气。故正确答案为 The author used to get mad at his children in such situations./The author didn't behave the same as/as well as the father （did）．/The author didn't deal with the situation as the father did.
（4）They love their children and know how to love them properly. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第三句"They love their next generation,but more than that,they also know that they should love them in a proper way.他们爱他们的下一代，但更重要的是，他们也知道他们应该以适当的方式爱他们。" 可知，他们爱他们的下一代，但更重要的是，他们也知道他们应该以一种正确的方式来爱他们。故正确答案为 They love their children and know how to love them properly.
（5）Yes,more than once.But now I know they did that only to help me grow healthily. 主观总结题。父母有时肯定会拒绝自己的请求，但是父母总是为了自己的子女更健康地成长。故正确答案为 Yes,more than once.But now I know they did that only to help me grow healthily.
本文属于生活哲理类的短文阅读。作者经历了一件事让自己对于如何对待自己的孩子有了一个正确的认识．他们应该以一种正确的方式来爱他们。
阅读表达是一种综合性的题型，测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。根据文章的需要设置的题型，如根据文中提供的一些数字信息等，要求填写表格或是根据文章所提供的内容要求对于文章的篇章结构进行合理的推断等等。面对这类问题时，也不要惊慌，要认真审题，沉着应答。
57.【答案】Dear Henry,
Pleased to know your passion for learning Chinese, I'm writing to recommend Xinhua Dictionary to you. 【高分句型一】As a native speaker, I believe it is a helpful tool, especially for the beginners.（词典名称）
Firstly, it's one of the most widely used dictionaries in China, not only for its wide range of vocabulary but also for its precise explanation of each word. 【高分句型二】Besides, its reasonable price is undoubtedly an appealing factor.（推荐理由）
I hope my suggestion helpful and wish you great progress in learning Chinese.（表达祝愿）
Yours,
Li Hu
【解析】高分句型一：Pleased to know your passion for learning Chinese, I'm writing to recommend Xinhua Dictionary to you.
译文：很高兴知道你对学习汉语的热情，我写信向你推荐《新华字典》。
分析：这句话使用形容词短语作状语。
高分句型二：Firstly, it's one of the most widely used dictionaries in China, not only for its wide range of vocabulary but also for its precise explanation of each word.
译文：首先，它是中国使用最广泛的词典之一，不仅因为它的词汇量大，而且因为它对每个词的解释都很精确。
分析：这句话使用not only…but also…，意为"不但…而且…"。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
2021年天津市宝坻一中高考英语三模试卷
1. --Could you do me a favor and take the box up to the six floor？
--________.（ ）
A. My pleasure B. With pleasure C. No wonder D. No comment
2. She works in a _____ school and teaches children between 5 and 11 years old.（ ）
A. primary B. precious C. secondary D. senior
3. The professor _____ sit in his study for hours when he worked on the new project.（ ）
A. could B. might C. would D. should
4. Scientists are trying to find out what advantage should be _____ the natural resources in this area.（ ）
A. taken off B. taken on C. taken of D. taken up
5. The shop owner will get all these goods ordered _______to the customers today.
A. to deliver B. delivering C. deliver D. delivered
6. She asked the young man to be brief and _____ as she had little time to spare.
A. at best B. in place C. to the point D. on the spot
7. What a terrible experience!_______，you're safe nowthat's the main thing．（ ）
A. Anyhow B. Besides C. Though D. Somehow
8. You may think of giving up study,in case just think it over before making the decision.（ ）
A. that B. which C. whose D. where
9. -Take a break, Amy. You ______ on the piano all morning.
-All right. But the competition is coming soon. I have to work harder.（ ）
A. are practising B. will be practising
C. have been practising D. practice
10. It is said that dogs will keep you ________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A. safety B. company C. house D. friend
11. She is overweight， but she can't ____ the temptation to eat more delicious food．（ ）
A. forbid B. attach C. allow D. resist
12. The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job．（ ）
A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
13. —You've left the light on.
—Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.
A. I'll go B. I've gone C. I go D. I'm going to
14. Under the regulation,restaurants and hotels shall stop offering throwaway items_______customers request them.（ ）
A. since B. once C. unless D. until
15. --Mary,you water the plants in the garden and I will cook the dine.
--OK，______.（ ）
A. my pleasure B. no way
C. I'm glad to hear that D. that's settled
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.I began to（1） ______ on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA.Three months later I（2） ______ myself on a plane to Phoenix,Arizona.I was（3） ______ at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months.However,within fifteen minutes of（4） ______ ，my worries had gone.Everyone was so（5） ______ and like-minded that it was very（6） ______ to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day（7） ______ .We had to（8） ______ everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a（9） ______ way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack,my legs were on fire.
My job was to（10） ______ a stairway out of rock.This（11） ______ climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited（栖息）by mountain lions,although I should say they were only heard,never（12） ______ .
Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being.The（13） ______ of knowing that my（14） ______ will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were（15） ______ in a thunderstorm.I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent.The temperature was close to（16） ______ .I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only（17） ______ part of my tent.
（ 18） ______ ，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I（19） ______ .I think I am much（20） ______ for having taken part in the project.
16. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
17. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found
18. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
19. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
20. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
21. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy
22. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
23. A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy
24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
25. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard
26. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
27. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed
28. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
29. A. work B. memory C. record D. story
30. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
32. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
33. A. By the way B. Regardless of that
C. Needless to say D. In either case
34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered
35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier
Q
Harvard Pre-College Program
SESSION Ⅰ：
SESSION Ⅱ：
SESSION Ⅲ：
June 23-July 5，2019
July 7-July 19，2019
July 21-August 2，2019
Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.
HERE YOU CAN：
Learn without limits
Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics,law,writing,philosophy,and a dozen other subjects.
Live at Harvard
*You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square.
*Your plan covers three meals a day,seven days a week.
Have fun outside the classroom
You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance,a Red Sox game at Fenway Park,or a trip to the Museum of Science.
ELIGIBILITY （申请资格）：
Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021.
TO APPLY：
Complete an online application and provide the following materials：the ﹩50 non-refundable application fee；transcripts（成绩单）with fall 2018 grades；signed rules and regulations.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS：
Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa.If English is not your native language,submit scores from the TOEFL or IELTS language proficiency exam.
APPLICATION TIPS：
*No fee is required to start your application.You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.
*The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.
*Use a desktop or laptop.You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application.This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.
*You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.
36. Harvard organizes such a program to ______ .
A. reduce students' academic pressure
B. select good students to join in Harvard
C. make students obtain high grades in their study
D. help students prepare for their future college life
37. What can we learn about the program？ ______
A. Students are offered three meals except weekends.
B. It merely has two sessions during one summer.
C. It provides courses on various subjects for students.
D. Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.
38. If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program,you need to provide ______ .
A. a B-2 tourist visa
B. transcripts with your fall 2018 grades
C. scores from the TOEFL exam
D. a recommendation letter from your high school teacher
39. The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______ .
A. their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements
B. the application fee should be paid before they start applying
C. it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply
D. they can check the application status in a week
R
Lisa was running late.Lisa,25，had a lot to do at work,plus visitors on the way：her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown.But as she hurried down the subway stairs,she started to feel uncomfortably warm.By the time she got to the platform,Lisa felt weak and tired-maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before,she thought.She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.
Several yards away,Frank,43，and his girlfriend,Jennifer,found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop.They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying.
But when he heard the scream,followed by someone yelling, "Oh,my God,she fell in!" Frank didn't hesitate.He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. "No!Not you!" his girlfriend shouted after him.
She was right to be alarmed.By the time Frank reached Lisa,he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming.The train was about 20 seconds from the station.
It was hard to lift her.She was just out.But he managed to raise her four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the legs and drag her away from the edge.That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness,felt herself being pulled along the ground,and saw someone else holding her purse.
Lisa thought she'd been robbed.A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head.And she tried to talk but she couldn't,and that was when she realized how much pain she was in.
Police and fire officials soon arrived,and Frank told the story to an officer.Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown-just as he had been seconds after the rescue,which made her think about her reaction at the time. "I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die," she explained.
40. What was the most probable cause for Lisa's weakness？ ______
A. She had run a long way.
B. She felt hot in the subway.
C. She had done a lot of work.
D. She had donated blood the night before.
41. Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend？ ______
A. Because they would miss their train.
B. Because he didn't see the train coming.
C. Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift.
D. Because she was afraid the train would kill him.
42. How did Frank save Lisa？ ______
A. By lifting her to the platform.
B. By helping her rise to her feet.
C. By pulling her along the ground.
D. By dragging her away from the edge.
43. When did Lisa become conscious again？ ______
A. When the train was leaving.
B. After she was back on the platform.
C. After the police and fire officials came.
D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.
44. The passage is intended to ______ .
A. warn us of the danger in the subway
B. show us how to save people in the subway
C. tell us about a subway rescue
D. report a traffic accident
S
Most humans are able to recognize about 1 million different colors,but some people can't recognize this many because of something called colorblindness.In rare cases,some people can't see any colors at all.
There are three cone-shaped（锥形的）cells at the back of our eyes that allow us to see colors.These cells absorb tight waves and send a message to the brain,where the image is processed.
If something is wrong with these cone-shaped cells,this can result in colorblindness.
Thankfully,special color-correcting glasses have already been made to help fix some types or colorblindness.Now,according to research published in Optics Letters,scientists have provided another choice.
Sharon Karepov and Tal Ellenbogen,engineers from Tel Aviv University in Israel,have found a way to apply this technology to contact lenses（隐形眼镜）.This is good news for the millions of people worldwide who suffer from colorblindness.
One of the most common types of colorblindness is red-green colorblindness.People who have this specific type have difficulty telling the colors red and green apart. "Problems with distinguishing red from green stop simple daily routines such as deciding whether a banana is ripe," Karepov explained.
Karepov also stressed the importance of applying this finding to create special contact lenses instead of relying on color-correcting glasses.
"Glasses based on this correction concept are commercially available.However,they are too big than contact lenses." Karepov said. "Our contact lenses create a customized,compact and durable way to deal with these shortcomings."
This new research is groundbreaking.In addition to offering those who are colorblind another option,it may lead to solutions for other visual damage.
45. What can cause colorblindness,according to the article？ ______
A. Only one type of cone-shaped cell exists in the eyes.
B. Cone-shaped cells cannot process images received.
C. The brain fails to absorb and process light waves.
D. Cone-shaped cells probably don't work properly.
46. What is true about people with colorblindness？ ______
A. They can recognize 1 million different colors.
B. They are not interested in colorful stuff.
C. They may find daily tasks more difficult.
D. They have fewer cone-shaped cells than other people.
47. What does "this technology" means in Paragraph 5？ ______
A. Three cone-shaped cells.
B. Special color-correcting glasses.
C. Processed image.
D. Red-green colorblindness type.
48. What is the advantage of the contact lenses over the glasses？ ______
A. They are much smaller.
B. They are easier to make.
C. They are much cheaper.
D. They can help correct colorblindness.
49. Why is Sharon Karepov and Tal Ellenbogen's research groundbreaking？ ______
A. It has led to a cure for colorblindness.
B. It has found causes of visual damage.
C. It could lead to solutions for other visual damage.
D. It has helped to develop glasses to fix visual damage.
T
Those with closed minds refused to consider any contradictory facts,and they proceed with their planned course of action,full speed ahead,with their "minds made up" and tightly shut.As an illustration,consider the situation in 1986，prior to the space shuttle Challenger's disastrous launch that killed all seven astronauts aboard,there was a heated telephone debate between two engineers from the company that produced the shuttle booster rockets and the top officials of NASA（the federal government's space agency）.The engineers insisted that the flight was too risky because of freezing temperature at the Florida launch site.They explained that some of the seals on the fuel tanks were not designed to withstand such low temperatures and might leak under pressure,thus endangering the craft and crew.
Despite the please（恳求）to stop the flight,officials at NASA overruled the engineers,who were best qualified to make judgments about the complex technical problems of space flight.What caused the officials to ignore the engineers？Several flights had already been delayed,and it would not look good to postpone another.It would be bad public relations to disappoint the crowds of people and news reporters waiting for the launch.Top government officials were ready to appear on the national television and take the credit for another safe flight.As a result,with their minds absolutely closed to the facts presented by the engineers,NASA officials ordered the Challenger to take off.Seventy-three seconds later,the spacecraft was enveloped in flame.
Incredibly,seventeen years later,the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated.In 2003，the space shuttle Columbia broke apart while re-entering the earth's atmosphere,killing another crew of seven.During the shuttle's liftoff,a piece of foam insulation（泡沫隔热材料）had broken off,hitting the shuttle's wing at five hundred miles per hour.Lower-level engineers at NASA begged for photographs of the Columbia in orbit,which might have shown the extent of the damage,but their closed-minded superiors ignored their requests.It was the damage caused by the 1.7 pound chunk of insulation that doomed the Columbia.
There is no virtue in ignoring contradictory facts and " sticking to your guns" when the course taken shows all the signs of being the wrong one.Closed minds are especially noticeable in political campaigns and debates.Many people line up to support one candidate or another and won't listen to any facts presented by the opposing candidate.
All those with an open mind say is this： "I don't know everything,so I'd better keep my mind,eyes,and ears open to any new facts that may come along." The world would be a much better and safer place if everyone had this attitude.
50. Which of the following brought about the disastrous launch of the Challenger？ ______
A. Its crew B. The engineers
C. The fuel tanks' seals D. The size of its rocket
51. When the engineers appealed to stop the launch of the Challenger,the government officials ______ .
A. delayed the flight at once.
B. made judgments about the complex technical problems.
C. announced the news on national television.
D. ordered to launch the Challenger as scheduled.
52. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3？ ______
A. The Columbia disaster was impossible to foresee.
B. Engineers were to blame for the Columbia's explosion.
C. The Columbia disaster could have been avoided.
D. The Columbia was damaged by design.
53. What does the underlined phrase "sticking to your guns" in Paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Holding firm to your own opinion.
B. Remaining and firing your gun at enemies.
C. Strengthening your status.
D. Keeping an open mind.
54. What is the main purpose of the passage？ ______
A. To inform readers about what an open mind is.
B. To entertain readers with two stories of tragedies in space.
C. To persuade readers to keep an open mind.
D. To criticize what NASA officials had done in aerospace history.
55. How does the author support the argument of the passage？ ______
A. By stating arguments.
B. By giving examples.
C. By explaining statistical data.
D. By providing research result.
56. I was in a local store recently when I saw something that opened a window into my soul,which helped let in a little more light.
I had just picked up some shampoo and was headed to the pet supplies to get some dog food for my furry friends.I decided to take a shortcut through one of the toy aisles.Blocking my way,however,was a young father and his four-year-old daughter.The little girl was pleading（恳求）with her dad to buy her a new doll.The dad was being gentle but firm,telling her they couldn't afford it right now.Finally,the daughter burst into tears and said angrily, "I hate you!"
I thought that the father would get mad at her for this outburst.I knew that I probably would do so when I was his age.Instead he just smiled down at her,put his hand on her head,and said, "That's alright.You'll love me later." I stood there in amazement as he took her hand and they walked off.Then it dawned on me that I had been in this situation many times myself over the years but not as the father.
In my childhood,many times I grew angry with my parents when I felt my requests weren't being answered.Through them all,though,my parents were still patient,loving,and kind to me.They knew that I didn't understand why certain things had to happen the way they did.They knew that my anger was a part of my growing up spiritually in this world.They knew that I would love them later.
Now I have grown up and become a parent of two children.I have deeper understanding of parents' behavior in different situations.They love their next generation,but more than that,they also know that they should love them in a proper way.Raising a healthy child means to help him grow both mentally and physically.That is why we need to trust our parents' love and give them ours as well.It is never too late to love them.It is never too late to invite them into your soul.It is never too late to let their light guide your life.
(1) How did the girl feel towards her father's refusal？（ no more than 10 words） ______
(2) What reaction of the father made the author amazed？（ no more than 10 words） ______
(3) How do you understand the underlined part in Para.3？（ no more than 15 words） ______
(4) What's the author's understanding of parents' love after growing up？（ no more than 15 words） ______
(5) Have your parents ever refused your request？What do you think about it now？（ no more than 20 words） ______
假定你是李华，你校的外籍交换生 Henry 给你发了一封邮件，想让你为他推荐一种词典，用来学习汉语，请你用英语给他回复。内容包括：
1. 词典名称；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Henry,
______
Yours,
Li Hua答案和解析
1.【答案】B
【解析】答案：B。A.My pleasure 和It's my pleasure同义，是"不用谢、甭客气"的意思，是回答对方表示感谢的客套话；B.With pleasure 意思是 "非常乐意（效劳）"，常用于对别人请求的回复；C.No wonder难怪；D.No comment无可奉告。本题中结合情境"你能帮我一个忙把这个箱子搬到六楼去吗？"可知，考查请求帮忙时回答别人的请求用语。
故选：B。
--你能帮我一个忙把这个箱子搬到六楼去吗？ --愿意效劳。
情景对话题主要考查英语的日常用语、习惯用语以及各种场合的交际性语言，并从实际出发，考查交际语言的运用能力。做题时仔细阅读上下文，结合具体语境灵活使用。
2.【答案】A
【解析】答案：A.根据题意，她在一所小学工作，教5至11岁的孩子。本题考查形容词的词义辨析。A.primary基础的，最初的；B.precious珍贵的；C.secondary次要的；D.senior高级的，高级水平的。primary school小学；secondary school初中；senior school高中。
故选：A。
她在一所小学工作，教5至11岁的孩子。
本题着重考查形容词的词意辨析，这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注形容词的词意，也可以考虑将形近意不近的多个形容词放在一起对比记忆，这样更加有利于加深对于形容词的记忆。
3.【答案】C
【解析】答案：C.根据题意，当教授研究新项目的时候，他会在书房坐上好几个小时。本题考查情态动词的用法。A.could能够，可能；B.might也许；C.would将会；D.should应该。情态动词would在这里表示一种倾向和一贯的做法。
故选：C。
当教授研究新项目的时候，他会在书房坐上好几个小时。
本题考查情态动词的用法。单项选择题考查内容广泛，涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的覆盖面，设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。
4.【答案】C
【解析】答案：C.根据题意，科学家们正试图找出应该利用这一领域的什么自然资源。本题考查动词短语的辨析。A.taken off脱下，起飞；B.taken on呈现；C.taken advantage of利用；D.taken up占据。
故选：C。
科学家们正试图找出应该利用这一领域的什么自然资源。
本题着重考查动词短语的辨析，这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注动词短语的意思，也可以考虑将形近意相近的多个动词短语放在一起对比记忆，这样更加有利于加深对于动词短语的记忆。
5.【答案】D
【解析】句意：店主今天会将所有这些已预定的货物派送给顾客。本句考查短语get sth done，其中ordered为过去分词作后置定语，修饰all these goods；因为get all these goods ordered与deliver之间为逻辑上存在着动宾关系，所有用过去分词作宾补。故选D。
6.【答案】C
【解析】句意：她要求这个年轻人简明扼要，因为她几乎没有多余的时间。A.at best最好的情况下；最多；B.in place适当；在合适的位置；C.to the point中肯；切题；切中要害；D.on the spot在现场；马上。根据句意，她几乎没有多余的时间，所以要求年轻人简明扼要。
7.【答案】A
【解析】本题考查副词辨析．anyhow不管怎样；besides此外；though可是；somehow不知怎么地．
故选：A．
多么可怕的经历！不管怎样，你现在安全了．那是最重要的．
本题考查副词词义辨析，考生在平时的学习中应注意积累相应的词汇和搭配，并牢记其意思．在做题时，将词义和题干相结合，从语法、句子结构尤其是句意上去判断，句意通顺，符合逻辑，即正确答案．
8.【答案】B
【解析】答案：B.分析句子结构可知，逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，介词"in"后面只能接关系代词"which/whom"引导的定语从句，"in which case"译为"在这种情况下"。which指代前面的主句。
故选：B。
你可能会考虑放弃学习，在这种情况下，在做决定之前先仔细考虑一下。
"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有 which,whom, whose,它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句．关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
1．介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配
2．介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配
3．介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配
4．有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配
5．表示 "所有格"或"整体与部分关系"时，用介词of
9.【答案】C
【解析】根据句意和时间状语all morning可知这里表示从过去到现在一直做的事情，可能还要继续下去．用现在完成进行时．
故选：C。
-休息一下，艾米．你整个上午都在练习钢琴．-好吧．但是比赛很快就要开始了．我必须更加努力．
现在完成进行时是英语中动词的一种基本时态，其构成为：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分．表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去．
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意：据说，当你感到孤独时，只要你想，狗会陪伴你。safety安全；company陪伴；house房子；friend朋友。根据句意，keep you company意为如影随形，故选B。
11.【答案】D
【解析】答案：D．考查动词词义辨析．句意：她超重了，但她无法抗拒吃更多美味食物的诱惑．forbid禁止；attach依附；allow允许；resist拒绝．所以D选项符合句意．
故选：D．
她超重了，但她无法抗拒吃更多美味食物的诱惑．
本题考查动词的词义辨析．动词词义题一直都是高考考查的一个热点，它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语和正确时态语态的能力和．由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案．
12.【答案】D
【解析】答案为D．本题考查名词性从句中引导词的运用．题干空格后面是介词to后面的宾语从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：任何一个…的人，故选D．A项"who谁"表示疑问，意义不符．B项在从句中做宾语，故排除；C项不引导名词性从句，故排除；
故选：D．
这本指导书对想从事这项工作的人很有帮助．
名词性从句考查的关键是连接词的选用和语序，因此，我们首先要搞清从句的性质，掌握各连接词的用法，在此基础上判断．此外，关注名词性从句用陈述语序．
13.【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你走的时候没有关灯。——哦，我关了。我去把它关了。AD都可以表示一般将来时，will do表示“临时决定”，be going to do表示“计划，安排做某事”。根据常识可知，没有关灯是临时起意。故选A。
14.【答案】C
【解析】since因为；既然；once一旦；unless除非；如果不；until直到…时候才…根据句意， C项正确．
故选：C．
根据规定，餐厅和酒店应停止提供一次性服务除非顾客要求．
考查从属连词，弄清楚各种从属连词引导什么状语从句，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意选择最合适的选项．
15.【答案】D
【解析】答案：D。A.My pleasure 是"不用谢、甭客气"的意思，是回答对方表示感谢的客套话；B.no way没门，不可能；C.I'm glad to hear that听到这消息我很高兴；D.that's settled一言为定；那就决定了。结合前一句话"Mary,you water the plants in the garden and I will cook the dine玛丽，你给花园里的植物浇水，我来做饭"可知，答语为that's settled就这么定了。
故选：D。
--玛丽，你给花园里的植物浇水，我来做饭。
-- 好吧，就这么定了。
情景对话题主要考查英语的日常用语、习惯用语以及各种场合的交际性语言，并从实际出发，考查交际语言的运用能力。做题时仔细阅读上下文，结合具体语境灵活使用。
16~35.【答案】D、D、C、A、B、D、B、C、C、A、D、C、A、A、B、D、B、C、A、B
【解析】（1）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.calculate计算；B.negotiate协商；C.advertise登广告；D.research研究。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现"美国志愿者"。根据前文的"Last year I decided to do some volunteer work."可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D项。
（2）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.imagined想象；B.introduced介绍；C.enjoyed喜欢；D.found发现。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。根据前文的"I began to_1_on the Internet…"可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D项。
（3）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.annoyed烦恼的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.scared害怕的；D.excited兴奋的。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。根据后面的"my worries had gone."可知，我一开始很担忧。故选C项。
（4）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.arriving到达；B.sleeping睡觉；C.thinking思考；D.walking行走。句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。根据"feel at home"得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选A项。
（5）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A.confident自信的；B.friendly友好的；C.energetic活力的；D.curious好奇的。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。根据后文"and like-minded"可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B项。
（6）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A.funny搞笑的；B.good好的；C.lucky幸运的；D.easy容易的。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。根据 "that like-minded"和"feel at home"得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D项。
（7）B．考查名词及语境理解。A.tour游览；B.project项目；C.campaign活动；D.course课程。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。根据下文"for having taken part in the project"可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B项。
（8）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.drop掉下；B.make制作；C.carry携带；D.buy购买。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。根据下文"with a heavy pack"可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。故选C项。
（9）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.nice好的；B.safe安全的；C.long长的；D.quick快的。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。根据前文"walk three miles"可知，作者他们走的路程不远。故选C项。
（10）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.build建造；B.test测试；C.clean清洁；D.guard保卫。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。根据下文"climbing up and down the side of a mountain."可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。
（11）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.helped帮助；B.ended结束；C.allowed允许；D.meant意味。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。根据"climbing up and down"可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。故选D项。
（12）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.hunted捕猎；B.trained训练；C.seen看到；D.fed喂养。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。根据前文"although I should say they were only heard"可知，作者以前没有见过。故选C项。
（13）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.satisfaction满意；B.ambition雄心；C.expectation期待；D.intention意图。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。根据上文的"a beautiful stairway came into being"可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A项。
（14）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.work工作，作品；B.memory回忆；C.record记录；D.story故事。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。根据上文的"My job was to""a beautiful stairway came into being"可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A项。
（15）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.left离开；B.caught捉住；C.attacked袭击；D.separated分离。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。根据下文"I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent"可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B项。
（16）D．考查形容词短语及语境理解。A.boiling煮沸的；B.average平均的；C.normal正常的；D.freezing冰冻的。句意：温度接近零度。根据下文"trembling"得知温度很低。故选D项。
（17）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A.tidy干净的；B.dry干的；C.new新的；D.soft软的。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。根据上文的"thunderstorm"和后文的"part of my tent"可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B项。
（18）C．考查介词短语及语境理解。A.By the way顺便问一下；B.Regardless of that尽管这样；C.Needless to say 不用说；D.In either case在这两种情况下。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C项。
（19）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.survived生存；B.resisted反抗；C.escaped逃离，抓牢；D.recovered恢复。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。根据上文"But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there."可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A项。
（20）B．考查形容词比较级及语境理解。A.smarter更聪明的；B.stronger更强壮的；C.happier更快乐的；D.busier更忙碌的。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。根据前文"But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B项。
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这个经历让自己变得更坚强。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36~39.【答案】D、C、B、A
【解析】（1）D．细节理解题。根据文章内容，Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience. 我们的高中生暑期课程旨在为成功的大学体验铺平道路。可知该课程的目的是帮助学生们为他们未来的大学生活作准备，结合选项，故选D．
（2）C．推理判断题。根据文章内容，Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics,law,writing,philosophy,and a dozen other subjects. 我们会为学生提供各种学习课程，学生可以继续学习物理、法律、写作、哲学和其他十几门课程。结合选项，故选C．
（3）B．细节理解题。根据文章内容，Complete an online application and provide the following materials ：the ﹩50 nonrefundable application fee ；transcripts （成绩单） with fall 2018 grades ；signed rules and regulations. 填写网上申请表，并提供以下材料：50英镑不可退还的申请费；2018年秋季成绩的成绩单；签了名的规章制度表。可知如果你想申请该项目，你应该提供2018年秋季成绩单，结合选项，故选B．
（4）A．细节理解题。根据文章内容，The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section. 成功申请者的托福成绩通常在103分以上，笔试成绩为25分，雅思成绩至少为7.5分，笔试成绩为7分。可知申请者的托福或者雅思成绩必须达到一定的标准，结合选项，故选A．
本文章主要讲述了哈佛大学为高中生适应大学生生活而开设的暑假课程，同时对课程时间、学习内容以及申请注意事项等进行了说明。
考查广告布告类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
40~44.【答案】D、D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。由第一段倒数第二句Lisa felt weak and tired-maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before丽莎感到虚弱和疲倦也许前一天晚上献血不是个好主意。可知，Lisa感觉虚弱和劳累，可能前一天晚上不该去献血。故选D．
（2）D.推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die我看到火车来了，我想他会死的。可知詹妮弗要阻止她的男朋友是因为因为她害怕火车会碾死他。故选D．
（3）A.细节理解题。由倒数第三段But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge但他设法把她抬到了四英尺高的平台上，这样旁观者就可以抓住她的笑容，把她从边缘拖走。可知弗兰克是把她抬到平台上来救丽莎的。故选A．
（4）B.细节理解题。由倒数第三段的It was hard to lift her.She was just out.But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge.That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness的很难提起她。她刚出去。但他设法把她抬到了四英尺高的平台上，这样旁观者就可以抓住她的笑容，把她从边缘拖走。丽萨就是在那里短暂地恢复了意识。可知丽莎回到站台后恢复意识的
火。故选B．
（5）C.写作目的题。写作目的或告诉人们一个事实或给人得到某种教育或让人娱乐。本文只是告诉我们一个在地铁救人的一个事实。故选C
文中讲述弗兰克在地铁营救一个晕倒的女人的感人故事。丽莎因捐血在火车站倍感疲劳，晕倒在铁路上。幸运的是好心的弗兰克跳下站台，冲上铁轨，冒着生命危险营救丽莎。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
45~49.【答案】D、C、B、A、C
【解析】（1）D．细节理解题。根据第五段If something is wrong with these cone-shaped cells,this can cause problems when the brain processes the image.One of the most common types of colorblindness is red-green colorblindness.People who have this specific type of visual disadvantage have difficulty telling apart the colors red and green.可知如果这些锥形细胞出了问题，就会导致大脑在处理图象时出现问题最常见的一种色盲是红绿色盲。有这种视觉缺陷的人很难区分红色和绿色。由此可知，色盲的原因是眼睛中的锥形细胞不能正常工作。故选D.
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第六段""Problems with distinguishing red from green stop simple daily routines such as deciding whether a banana is ripe," Karepov explained. 卡雷波夫解释说："区分红色和绿色的问题会阻碍日常生活，比如判断香蕉是否成熟。"可知色盲患者他们可能会发现日常工作更困难。故选C.
（3）B.词义指代题。根据第四段"Thankfully,special color-correcting glasses have already been made to help fix some types or colorblindness.Now,according to research published in Optics Letters,scientists have provided another choice. 值得庆幸的是，特殊的颜色矫正眼镜已经被制造出来，可以帮助修复某些类型或色盲。现在，根据发表在《光学快报》上的研究，科学家们提供了另一种选择。"以及划线词所在的句子"Sharon Karepov and Tal Ellenbogen,engineers from Tel Aviv University in Israel,have found a way to apply this technology to contact lenses （隐形眼镜）.来自以色列特拉维夫大学的工程师 Sharon Karepov 和 Tal Ellenbogen 发现了一种将这种技术应用于隐形眼镜的方法。 "可知this technology指的是特殊的校色眼镜。A.Three cone-shaped cells 三个锥形细胞；B.Special color-correcting glasses 特殊的校色眼镜；C.Processed image 处理过的图象；D.Red-green colorblindness type 红绿色盲。故选B.
（4）A.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段" "Glasses based on this correction concept are commercially available.However,they are too big than contact lenses." Karepov said. "Our contact lenses create a customized,compact and durable（耐用的）way to deal with these shortcomings.""基于这种校正概念的眼镜已经在市场上出售。但是，它们比隐形眼镜大得多。"卡列波夫说。"我们的隐形眼镜定制，紧凑，耐用的方式来处理这些缺点。"可知隐形眼镜的优点是它们小得多。故选A.
（5）C．细节理解题。根据第三段中This new method is so groundbreaking because it can be customized to fix many different kinds of visual disadvantages.可知这个新方法是如此的开创性，因为它可以定制来修复许多不同种类的视觉缺陷。由此可知，Sharon Karepov和Tal Ellenbogen的发现具有开创性，是因为他们开发了特殊的隐形眼镜来弥补许多视觉缺陷。故选C.
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列特拉维夫大学的工程师Sharon Karepov和Tal Ellenbogen已经研制出一种特殊的眼镜来帮助修复一些色盲。文章还分析了色盲群体中视觉缺陷的原因，并介绍了一些目前在进行的有效、可行的，对于视力缺陷患者有帮助的一些方法，并对此持乐观的态度。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
50~55.【答案】C、D、C、A、C、B
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据文章第一段" They explained that some of the seals on the fuel tanks were not designed to with stand such low temperatures and might leak under pressure,thus endangering the craft and crew." 他们解释说，燃料箱上的一些密封装置不能承受如此低的温度，在压力下可能会泄漏，从而危及飞船和船员。可知是油箱密封造成了挑战者号的灾难。故选C。
（2）D.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"As a result,with their minds absolutely closed to the facts presented by the engineers,NASA officials ordered the Challenger to take off.Seventy-three seconds later,the spacecraft was enveloped in flame." 结果，NASA的官员们完全不考虑I程师们提供的事实，命令挑战者号起飞。73秒后，宇宙飞船被火焰包围。可知是政府官员命令挑战者号如期发射。故选D项。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据文章第三段的"Incredibly,seventeen years later,the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated. " 令人难以置信的是，17年后，挑战者号灾难的教训再次出现。和本段的"Lower-level engineers at NASA begged for photographs of the Columbia in orbit,which might have shown the extent of the damage,but their closed-minded superiors ignored their requests.It was the damage caused by the 1.7 pound chunk of insulation that doomed the Columbia." NASA 的低层工程师们要求获得哥伦比亚号在轨道上的照片，这样可以显示损坏的程度，但他们头脑封闭的上级忽略了他们的要求。正是这块1.7磅重的绝缘材料造成的损坏导致了哥伦比亚号的失事。可知同样是头脑封闭的上级忽略了低层工程师的要求，即如果上级对任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，本次事故本可以避免。故选C项。
（4）A.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段"when the course taken shows all the signs of being the wrong one." 当所采取的路线显示出所有错误的迹象时；以及上句"There is no virtue in ignoring contradictory facts " 忽视相互矛盾的事实是没有好处的，划线部分和本句由and并列，故应和"忽视相互矛盾的事实"意义相近，故A项（固执己见）符合题意，故选A项。
（5）C.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段" AII those with an open mind say is this ： "I don't know everything,so I'd better keep my mind,eyes,and ears open to any new facts that may come along." The world would be a much better and safer place if everyone hadthis attitude." 所有心态开放的人都会说：我不是什么都知道，所以我最好保持我的头脑，眼睛和耳朵开放，以接受任何可能出现的新事实。如果每个人都有这样的态度，世界将会变得更加美好和安全。故文章主要是说服读者要保持开放的心态。故选C项。
（6）B.推理判断题。通读文章第一段 As an illustration,consider the situation in 1986 ，prior to the space shuttle Challenger's disatrous launch that killed all seven astronauts aboard,there was a heated telephone debate between two engineers from the company that produced the shuttle booster rockets and the top officials of NASA （the federal government's space agency ）.作为一个例子，考虑这种情况，1986年代挑战者"号航天飞机发射前，机上七名宇航员全部遇难有两个工程师之间的争论激烈的电话产生助推火箭和航天飞机的公司的高层官员NASA（联邦政府年代航天局）。以及文章的第二段"Incredibly,seventeen years later,the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated.In 2003 ，the space shuttle Columbia broke apart while re-entering the earth satmosphere,killing another crew of seven." 令人难以置信的是，17年后，挑战者号灾难的教训再次出现。2003年，哥伦比亚号航天飞机在重返地球大气层时解体，造成另外 7名机组人员死亡。可知文章是通过举例支持文章的论点。故选B项。
本文是一篇议论文。论述了那些思想封闭的人拒绝考虑任何相互矛盾的事实，坚决严守地按照计划行事。文中用1986年"挑战者"号航天飞机遇难以及2003年，哥伦比亚号航天飞机在重返地球大气层时解体来说明这种观点带来的严重后果，并呼吁人们大家对任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，如果每个人都有这样的态度，世界将会变得更加美好和安全。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
56.【答案】【小题1】She was sad/ disappointed and angry/ upset with her father.
【小题2】（That）He smiled at his daughter （and comforted her）instead of getting mad.
【小题3】The author used to get mad at his children in such situations.
Or：The author didn't behave the same as/ as well as the father.
Or：The author didn't deal with the situation as the father did.
【小题4】They love their children and know how to love them properly.They love their children and do it in a proper way.
【小题5】Yes,more than once.But now I know they did that only to help me grow healthily.
【解析】（1）She was sad/ disappointed and angry/ upset with her father. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 Finally,the daughter burst into tears and said angrily, "I hate you!" 可知，最终，女孩儿哭了，并生气地说："我恨你！"因此，女孩儿在被父亲拒绝之后感到伤心和失望。故答案为She was sad/ disappointed and angry/ upset with her father.
（2）The father smiled at his daughter （and comforted her ） instead of getting mad. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句" I thought that the father would get mad at her for this outburst.我以为父亲会因为她这次发火而生她的气"，和第三句中" Instead he just smiled down at her,put his hand on her head 相反，他只是朝她微笑，把手放在她的头上"，可知，"我"之所以惊讶是因为那个父亲不但没有生气反而微笑。故答案为The father smiled at his daughter （and comforted her ） instead of getting mad.
（3）The author used to get mad at his children in such situations.Or ：The author didn't behave the same as/ as well as the father （did）．Or：The author didn't deal with the situation as the father did. 归纳总结题。根据划线句" I stood there in amazement as he took her hand and they walked off.Then it dawned on me that I had been in this situation many times myself over the years but not as the father. 他拉着她的手，他们走了，我惊愕地站在那里，这时我才意识到，这些年来，我自己也经历过很多次这种情况，但不是作为父亲。"可知后来"我"才明白，这些年来"我"也曾多次处于这种情况，但不像这个父亲。这个父亲对于这种情况没有生气而是微笑。因此"不像这个父亲"，即与他的做法不同。因此作者会对自己的孩子生气。故正确答案为 The author used to get mad at his children in such situations./The author didn't behave the same as/as well as the father （did）．/The author didn't deal with the situation as the father did.
（4）They love their children and know how to love them properly. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第三句"They love their next generation,but more than that,they also know that they should love them in a proper way.他们爱他们的下一代，但更重要的是，他们也知道他们应该以适当的方式爱他们。" 可知，他们爱他们的下一代，但更重要的是，他们也知道他们应该以一种正确的方式来爱他们。故正确答案为 They love their children and know how to love them properly.
（5）Yes,more than once.But now I know they did that only to help me grow healthily. 主观总结题。父母有时肯定会拒绝自己的请求，但是父母总是为了自己的子女更健康地成长。故正确答案为 Yes,more than once.But now I know they did that only to help me grow healthily.
本文属于生活哲理类的短文阅读。作者经历了一件事让自己对于如何对待自己的孩子有了一个正确的认识．他们应该以一种正确的方式来爱他们。
阅读表达是一种综合性的题型，测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。根据文章的需要设置的题型，如根据文中提供的一些数字信息等，要求填写表格或是根据文章所提供的内容要求对于文章的篇章结构进行合理的推断等等。面对这类问题时，也不要惊慌，要认真审题，沉着应答。
57.【答案】Dear Henry,
Pleased to know your passion for learning Chinese, I'm writing to recommend Xinhua Dictionary to you. 【高分句型一】As a native speaker, I believe it is a helpful tool, especially for the beginners.（词典名称）
Firstly, it's one of the most widely used dictionaries in China, not only for its wide range of vocabulary but also for its precise explanation of each word. 【高分句型二】Besides, its reasonable price is undoubtedly an appealing factor.（推荐理由）
I hope my suggestion helpful and wish you great progress in learning Chinese.（表达祝愿）
Yours,
Li Hu
【解析】高分句型一：Pleased to know your passion for learning Chinese, I'm writing to recommend Xinhua Dictionary to you.
译文：很高兴知道你对学习汉语的热情，我写信向你推荐《新华字典》。
分析：这句话使用形容词短语作状语。
高分句型二：Firstly, it's one of the most widely used dictionaries in China, not only for its wide range of vocabulary but also for its precise explanation of each word.
译文：首先，它是中国使用最广泛的词典之一，不仅因为它的词汇量大，而且因为它对每个词的解释都很精确。
分析：这句话使用not only…but also…，意为"不但…而且…"。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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