2022年中考英语复习之小题狂练300题（综合填空）：首字母阅读填空（含答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语复习之小题狂练300题（综合填空）：首字母阅读填空（含答案），共34页。
2022年中考英语复习之小题狂练300题（综合填空）：首字母阅读填空
一．首字母阅读填空（共15小题）
1．（2021•东营模拟）阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
The mobile phone is a useful thing，but maybe I don't know （1）h to use it.Sometimes it makes things difficult for me.
One day I wanted to see my friend nearby.I could（2）a at his house in five minutes，but I looked at my mobile phone and thought（3）i would be better to ring him up.I（4）r him for the first time，but the line was busy.Five minutes later，there was an answer，but it was the wrong number.
Then I tried （5）a and this time I got an answer from him.
I asked him if he was at home in the afternoon.And he said﹣﹣at （6）l I thought he said—he would be at home all afternoon.So I went to his house，but then I found （7）n in.I called him for the fourth time.This time I got so angry that I （8）s ，"You are not at home？But you just told me over the telephone that you would be at home all afternoon!"
Here （9）w his answer，"No，I said. 'I will NOT be at home all afternoon.'"
I went back to my room，sat down in front of the mobile phone and looked at it.What （10）e could I do？Nothing!
2．（2021•泰州模拟）Flow like the river of change
Little stream ran down from a high mountain through many villages and forests. Then it reached a desert. "I went through so many d（1） . I should have no problem crossing the desert，" she thought. As she started， she found herself slowly disappearing into the sand. After many tries， she still failed. "Maybe I can't reach the ocean，'' she said sadly to h（2） .
At this time，a deep voice said，"If a breeze（微风）can cross the desert，so c（3） a river." It was the voice of the desert. But the little stream answered， "That's because a breeze can fly， but I cannot."
"That's because you can't give up what you are. Let yourself evaporate（蒸发）into the breeze，and it can take you a（4） ." said the desert， "Give up what I am now？ No! No!" The little stream could not a（5） this idea. "The breeze can carry the vapor（蒸汽）across the desert and let it leave as r（6） . The rain will form a river again，" said the desert."And whether you're a river or vapor， your nature never c（7） ." Hearing this， the little stream went into the open arms of the breeze. It carried her to the next s（8） of her life.
The course of our lives is like the e（9） of the little stream. If you want to go through difficulties in your life to head for s（10） ， you should also change the way you are.
3．（2021•硚口区模拟）South African filmmaker Craig Foster was diving near where he grew up.One day，he came across her.A shy octopus（章鱼）was p（1） on a "suit" of shells.
"What is she doing there？" Foster became interested in this magical animal.He visited her and f（2） her for two hours every day.For weeks，the octopus felt a（3） and hid herself.Foster kept trying to win her h（4） .Finally，after 26 days，she reached out and touched him!
Foster spent over a year studying her﹣ till the end of her s（5） life.He watched her learn，play and recover from injury.The filmmaker made the friendship between them into the documentary My Octopus Teacher.The film has become a h（6） .
In Foster's eyes，the octopus was a teacher.The man learned a lot from her.The greatest lesson she taught him was about our p（7） in nature.We humans are not just v（8） to this planet.We are part of the natural world around us.As we get closer to our animal friends，we will find we are s（9） to them in many ways.
So talk to a dog or pat a cat.Watch how birds sing to make friends.On this amazing planet，we do have many wonderful n（10） !
4．（2021•徐州）When Helen was little，Saturday night was her family game night.After supper，the whole family would play Chinese chess in the sitting room.As a c（1） ，Helen loved to watch cartoons.But no matter how many times she asked to watch them，her parents would r（2） her.They said that playing Chinese chess would help exercise her brain.Still Helen wasn't w（3） to play it with them sometimes.Helen didn't realize how w（4） her parents were until she entered high school.The games that her parents taught her when she was a little girl turned out to be very useful l（5） in her life.
5．（2021•呼和浩特）Life will be peaceful if you always do kind things.I teach my daughters to（1）d a habit of helping others.
We live in the country.Most of what we see is beautiful nature.One of the exceptions （例外） to the beauty is the rubbish that some people throw out of their car windows.And there are no necessary public（2）s ，such as rubbish collection.
A helping behavior （行为） that I often（3）p with my daughters is picking up rubbish in our neighborhood.My daughters often have a （4）m to see who can collect the most rubbish.They will often say to me in an excited voice， "There's some rubbish，Daddy，stop the car!" Without（5）t more，we will often get out of our car and pick it up.Though it may seem strange，we do it.In fact，we（6）e it.We pick up rubbish in parks，on sidewalks，almost（7）a .
One day I saw a man I had never met before picking up rubbish on the road.I stopped.He（8）r his head and said to me with a smile， "I saw you doing this with your family.It's a good idea to protect our natural world."
There are many other ways to（9）p kindness for others.You may share a dinner with a homeless person，visit lonely old people in the nursing home，or help the blind cross the street.You can think of something that can be finished（10）e but helpful.It is fun，self﹣satisfying，and what's more，it can set a good example.Helping others is helping yourself.
6．（2021•镇江）One of the founders of the Communist Party of China once wrote about youth.The youth are like the early spring，like the morning sun，like the budding flowers，like the sharp blade fresh off the grinding stone.Youth is the most v（1） time of life.
Youth is a relatively （相对地） short p（2） in one's life.During this time，habits and interests are formed for the r（3） of your life.So it's important to have a good start.
But what is the s（4） of youth？It's a time to begin the process of self﹣reliance and self﹣motivation.Sure，you might have parents and friends help you now，but f（5） ，you must depend on yourself.W（6） needing help or advice，your character and confidence can be built by yourself.No one can f（7） you to get good grades or get the perfect job — those responsibilities （责任） are yours.O（8） you can be the master of your life.
When you are in trouble，continue trying.T（9） yourself to be strong.Tell yourself that difficulties are not always problems.You can do the work that others can't.Anything w（10） doing isn't easy — it's best to learn that lesson early.Never complain and always work hard to achieve your dreams.
7．（2021•衡阳）Bicycle riding is good exercise.It helps people become （1）f .Bicycle riding can make the riders' hearts and lungs strong.It is also good for the environment because bicycles do not cause （2） （污染）.
Bicycles share the road with cars and trucks.Drivers do not always notice bicycles.So bicycle riders must （3）p attention to the traffic around them and know traffic signals.They must know and obey the safety （4）r .They must wear helmets to protect their heads.If they ride at night，they should have lights on the bicycle or wear light﹣colored clothes.In case of an accident，bicycle riders should know how to give first aid.If an injury is serious，they must call 120 for help.In a word，the best way to be safe is to be （5） （小心的）.
8．（2021•大庆）Fill in each blank with a proper word with the help of the given letter.
Have you ever imagined （1）t to other countries without your paper passport？In the （2）f ，there will be a new kind of passport called the "cloud passport" and it will come into your （3）d life someday.Your paper passport will become history.
The cloud passport will have your name，photos and so on.It is easy （4）f you to check them on the computer.
If you take a paper passport with you，you might lose it. （5）H ，with the cloud passport，you don't have to worry about that.Do you think the cloud passport is a great idea？
9．（2021•齐齐哈尔）If you go into a bookstore，you might see lots of self﹣help books.What are self﹣help books？When you feel stressed，or you want to become better，you may read some books （1）f advice.We call those self﹣help books.
In general，self﹣help books are written by famous writers or （2） （succeed） businessmen.They teach you how to （3）d with problems in your life，for example，how to get on well with your classmates and friends，how to plan your time （4） （correct） and how to find the （5） （happy）.Besides，self﹣help books are useful for young readers to find their mistakes.They want to improve （6） （they） by reading self﹣help books：
How to （7）c a self﹣help book？
Firstly，think about what your problem is.Find a book that talks about it.
（8）S ，check out the writer.A professional writer will give you more useful （9） （suggest）.
Thirdly，try out the exercises in these books.Self﹣help books often include exercises.Practice a few to see if they work.
Fourthly，be critical （批判性的）. （10）T it's a popular book，it might not be right about everything.
Finally，if you are very upset and feel sick，see a doctor.

10．（2021•盐城）
Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world.While some people （1）t away unwanted food，lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste，many （2）c in the world like German and France have food banks.People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to （3）t in need.Shanghai Oasis opened China's first food bank in 2015.In five years，it saved seven million tons of food and （4）h 760，000 people.
Many fruits and （5）v go to waste because they look ugly.For example，about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their （6）l .So try to buy ugly food next time，since it is （7）j as good as "normal" food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to （8）o dishes by using the "N﹣1"formula. "N" （9）s for the number of people in your group.So if you're in a group of （10）s people，you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task，and it needs time.Everyone can do something to make a difference.
11．（2021•武汉）Susan is the daughter of the famous environmental scientist Clark.But the woman has become an environmentalist on her （1）o .
In 1992，the first UN Earth Summit（峰会） was held in Rio de Janeiro.Thousands of people from around the world （2）h for it to talk about the Earth' s tomorrow.Twelve﹣year﹣old Susan and three of her friends formed a group.They raised money to travel to Rio to （3）a the summit.
At the summit，Susan said that the state of the environment （4）w her a lot. "You don't know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer （臭氧层）.You don't know how to bring back forests that once（5）g where there is now desert.If you don't know how to fix the Earth，please stop（6）b it!" The six﹣minute speech silenced all the people and made them fall into deep thinking.
After that speech，Susan began to lead "two lives." On the（7）t days，she was a schoolchild.But during her vacations，she （8）s internationally about the environment.
Now，nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Rio speech.Although many of the world's environmental problems have only become （9）w ，Susan does agree that some things are different now.More and more people give voice like Susan because they have realized the importance of the environment.
"Thirty years ago，I was fighting for my tomorrow.Now，I am fighting for the （10）f of my sons，" says Susan，now a mother of two，who has kept calling people's attention to climate change.
12．（2021•天津）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention，but they've been around for years.In the early 1900s，there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol（汽油）cars.At that time，petrol was e（1） compared with other fuels（燃料）。W（2） petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed，electric cars went out of fashion （过时）.Instead，petrol cars became more p（3） because they could travel longer distances （距离）without stopping.
During the 20th century，petrol cars got bigger，heavier，and faster.They needed more fuel，and it c（4） more air pollution.For years，car makers didn't worry about pollution.They didn't worry about the amount of petrol cars used，e（5） .But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth，they asked car makers to produce more efficient（高效能的）and less polluting cars.
One m（6） of solving the problem was a "hybrid" car（混合动力车），one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity.Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d（7） .
An all﹣electric car uses no petrol.The problem，however，is that car batteries （电池） need to be recharged （再充电）.That makes electric cars not so useful for long j（8） .
Many people are not p（9） with it.The government and car makers are w（10） together to develop safe，cheap，and useful electric cars.When people have these cars in the future，a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
13．（2021•连云港）Paper，zhi，was a Chinese invention.2，000 years ago，Chinese people （1）i papermaking.This zhi was made （2）o silk and was very expensive.Only the emperor and rich people could （3）a to use it.1，900 years ago，Cai Lun improved the paper﹣making process.He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth.The improvement in paper﹣making spread zhi far and wide，and many different （4）k of zhi were made by Chinese people.Xuan paper，a type of high quality rice paper，best shows the charm of （5）t Chinese painting and calligraphy （书法）.Later，Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.
14．（2022•长宁区一模）How hard is to lean to read？The challenge is much greater for people with a kind of disease，dyslexia（阅读障碍症）.Dyslexia is a reading problem that affects about one out of every ten people.
Dyslexia has nothing to do with intelligence，but Dyslexics have a （1）h time reading written words.When most children begin to read，they learn the sounds that make up words.Then they connect the sounds to letters and blend the sounds to make words.At last they can （2）r words they've sounded out.But children with dyslexia have trouble remembering the sounds and the letters that go with them.
（3）A dyslexia can't be cured，there are ways to help people with dyslexia learn to read.Students can work with a specially﹣trained teacher to learn how to remember sounds.They can practice how to （4）m their mouths to make certain sounds.
Another way to help is to give students stories to read，using a special font（字体）.A font is a set of the letters of the alphabet，in a certain style.Christian Boer is a Dutch designer who created a special dyslexic﹣friendly font called "dyslexic." Christian has dyslexia，and he wanted to do something to make reading easier for people like him.He made each letter look different，so readers are （5）l likely to get confused.Christian has won awards for creating this font.
Scientists are studying special dyslexic fonts to decide （6）w they really help people with dyslexia to read faster and more accurately.So far，the results are mixed.However，scientists are sure that careful font design is an important （7）s toward helping dyslexics meet their challenges.
15．（2022•普陀区一模）It was the last day for Teddy in the company.After he packed up all his personal belongings.he started back home，An old lady stood on the side of the road.He a （1） didn't see her.Even in the dim（微弱） light of day，he could see she was in trouble.Teddy stopped his car and got out，walked towards the old lady.
Even with the smile on his face，she was w（2） .No one had stopped to help for the last hour or so.Was he going to hurt her？，He didn't look safe.
He said，"I am here to help you，Madam.Why don't you wait in the car where it is warm？By the way，my name is Teddy"
Well，all she had was a flat tire（爆胎），but for an old lady，that was bad enough.Teddy lay down，and moved under the car changing the tire.But he had to get d（3） and his hands hurt.
As he was tightening up the lug nuts，she rolled down the window and began to talk to him.She told him that she was from St.Louis and was only just passing though.She was grateful for his help.
Teddy just smiled as he finished the work.The lady asked how much she owed him.Any amount would be all right with her.She already i（4） all the awful things that might happen if he had not stopped.Teddy never thought about being paid.This was not a j （5） to him.This was helping someone in need and God knows there were plenty who had given him a hand in the past.He had lived his whole life that way，and it never occurred to him to act any other way.
He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back，the next time she saw someone who needed help，she could do him or her a favour w（6） hesitation.Teddy added， "And think of me."
He waited until she started her car and drove off.It had been a cold day and he had felt d（7） just now.Now he felt good as he went home，disappearing into the twilight（暮色）.


2022年中考英语复习之小题狂练300题（综合填空）：首字母阅读填空（15题）
参考答案与试题解析
一．试题（共15小题）
1．（2021•东营模拟）阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
The mobile phone is a useful thing，but maybe I don't know （1）h ow to use it.Sometimes it makes things difficult for me.
One day I wanted to see my friend nearby.I could（2）a rrive at his house in five minutes，but I looked at my mobile phone and thought（3）i t would be better to ring him up.I（4）r ang him for the first time，but the line was busy.Five minutes later，there was an answer，but it was the wrong number.
Then I tried （5）a gain and this time I got an answer from him.
I asked him if he was at home in the afternoon.And he said﹣﹣at （6）l east I thought he said—he would be at home all afternoon.So I went to his house，but then I found （7）n obody in.I called him for the fourth time.This time I got so angry that I （8）s houted ，"You are not at home？But you just told me over the telephone that you would be at home all afternoon!"
Here （9）w as his answer，"No，I said. 'I will NOT be at home all afternoon.'"
I went back to my room，sat down in front of the mobile phone and looked at it.What （10）e lse could I do？Nothing!
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】文章提到了一个不会使用手机的人，他给朋友打电话，打了三次对方才接，之后对方告诉他一整个下午都不在家，但是他听成了一整个下午都在家，因此他就去了朋友家，结果发现根本就没有人在家。
【解答】（1）how，考查疑问词辨析，use it使用它，首字母为h，由此可知是不知道如何使用，用how.故填how.
（2）arrive，考查动词辨析，…his house in five minutes，他的家，5分钟之内，因为是想去看朋友，所以应该是到达朋友的家，arrive at表示到达，could后面用动词原形，故填arrive.
（3）it，考查代词辨析，would be better to ring him up先给他打一个电话比较好，此处to ring him up做主语后置，表示给他打电话，此处用it来指代后面的不定式主语，故填it.
（4）rang，考查动词辨析，for the first time第一次，前面提到给他打电话，由此可知此处表明的意是给他打电话，故事发生在过去，所以用过去时，故填rang.
（5）again，考查副词辨析，this time I got an answer from him这一次他接电话了，第一次没打通，第二次打错了，所以用again表示再一次．故填again.
（6）least，考查副词辨析，I thought he said我认为他会说，因为是我期望的，所以应该是我认为她至少会说他一整个下午有空，at least表示至少，故填least.
（7）nobody，考查不定代词辨析，So I went to his house我去了他家，此处出现but，句意发生转折，由后文可知没人在家，故填nobody.
（8）shouted，考查动词辨析，This time I got so angry这一次我很生气，由此推测是向对方大喊道，故事发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填shouted.
（9）was，考查系动词辨析，No，I said：'I will NOT be at home all afternoon.'我一下午都不在家，由此可知这是对方的答案，由于故事发生在过去，所以用过去时，故填was.
（10）else，考查副词辨析，could I do能做什么？因为现在是在家坐着没事可干，由此可知是在问自己还能做什么，填写else表示其他事情．故填else.
【点评】本题题型为根据给定的首字母进行填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑文章大意的前提下，还应该注意文章及句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置。通过这些判断，适当改变词汇形式，以符合题目要求。
2．（2021•泰州模拟）Flow like the river of change
Little stream ran down from a high mountain through many villages and forests. Then it reached a desert. "I went through so many d（1） ifficulties . I should have no problem crossing the desert，" she thought. As she started， she found herself slowly disappearing into the sand. After many tries， she still failed. "Maybe I can't reach the ocean，'' she said sadly to h（2） erself .
At this time，a deep voice said，"If a breeze（微风）can cross the desert，so c（3） an a river." It was the voice of the desert. But the little stream answered， "That's because a breeze can fly， but I cannot."
"That's because you can't give up what you are. Let yourself evaporate（蒸发）into the breeze，and it can take you a（4） cross ." said the desert， "Give up what I am now？ No! No!" The little stream could not a（5） ccept this idea. "The breeze can carry the vapor（蒸汽）across the desert and let it leave as r（6） ain . The rain will form a river again，" said the desert."And whether you're a river or vapor， your nature never c（7） hanges ." Hearing this， the little stream went into the open arms of the breeze. It carried her to the next s（8） tage of her life.
The course of our lives is like the e（9） xperience of the little stream. If you want to go through difficulties in your life to head for s（10） uccess ， you should also change the way you are.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文讲述了小溪通过把自己变成水蒸气最终穿越了沙漠的哲理故事，告诉我们人生历程就像这一条小溪的经历一样，如果我们想穿越生活中的困难走向成功，我们也应该改变我们的生活方式。
【解答】（1）difficulties．考查名词．根据句意"我经历了很多_____"，由首字母d可推出此处用名词difficulty，表示"困难"．由空前的修饰语many考虑此处填复数形式，故答案为difficulties．
（2）herself．考查代词．根据句意"她伤心地对_____说"，由首字母h可推出此处用反身代词herself，表示"她自己"．故答案为herself．
（3）can．考查动词．根据句意"如果微风能穿过沙漠，河流也_____"，由首字母c可推出此处用情态动词can，表示"能"．故答案为can．
（4）across．考查介词．根据句意"让你自己蒸发在微风中，它会带你_____沙漠"，由首字母a可推出此处用介词across，表示"穿过"．故答案为across．
（5）accept．考查动词．根据句意"这条小溪不能_____他的想法"，由首字母a可推出此处用动词accept，表示"接受"．由空前的could not考虑填动词原形，故答案为accept．
（6）rain．考查名词．根据句意"微风可以把水汽带过沙漠，让它像_____一样落下"，由首字母r可推出此处用名词rain，表示"雨"．故答案为rain．
（7）changes．考查动词．根据句意"不管你是一条河还是一股水蒸气，你的本性永远不会_____"，由首字母c可推出此处用动词change，表示"改变"．由本句为一般现在时态，主语your nature为第三人称单数，推断此处动词填第三人称单数形式，故答案为changes．
（8）stage．考查名词．根据句意"它把她带到了人生的下一个_____"，由首字母s可推出此处用名词stage，表示"阶段"．故答案为stage．
（9）experience．考查名词．根据句意"我们的人生历程就像这一条小溪的_____"，由首字母e可推出此处用名词experience，表示"经历"．故答案为experience．
（10）success．考查名词．根据句意"如果你想穿越生活中的困难走向_____，你也应该改变你的生活方式"，由首字母s可推出此处用名词success，表示"成功"．故答案为success．
【点评】首字母阅读填空题，先要通读全文，理解大意，运用语法和词汇知识，想出要填的词根，再根据上下文语境认真分析，并正确变换词形，方能正确答题．
3．（2021•硚口区模拟）South African filmmaker Craig Foster was diving near where he grew up.One day，he came across her.A shy octopus（章鱼）was p（1） utting on a "suit" of shells.
"What is she doing there？" Foster became interested in this magical animal.He visited her and f（2） ollowed her for two hours every day.For weeks，the octopus felt a（3） fraid and hid herself.Foster kept trying to win her h（4） eart .Finally，after 26 days，she reached out and touched him!
Foster spent over a year studying her﹣ till the end of her s（5） hort life.He watched her learn，play and recover from injury.The filmmaker made the friendship between them into the documentary My Octopus Teacher.The film has become a h（6） it .
In Foster's eyes，the octopus was a teacher.The man learned a lot from her.The greatest lesson she taught him was about our p（7） lace in nature.We humans are not just v（8） isitors to this planet.We are part of the natural world around us.As we get closer to our animal friends，we will find we are s（9） imilar to them in many ways.
So talk to a dog or pat a cat.Watch how birds sing to make friends.On this amazing planet，we do have many wonderful n（10） eighbors !
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文主要讲了电影制作人Craig Foster在潜水时观察一只章鱼的短暂一生并且把它拍成电影的故事。
【解答】（1）putting.考查动词的现在分词。结合句意，一只害羞的章鱼正在____贝壳的"西装"，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为穿，put on意为穿，was后跟动词的现在分词构成过去进行时的谓语动词，故答案为putting。
（2）followed.考查动词过去式。根据visited判断时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，结合上文，Foster became interested in this magical animal.可知福斯特对这只神奇的动物感兴趣，因此判断他每天跟着章鱼，因此判断空格处词义为跟随，故答案为followed。
（3）afraid.考查形容词。felt为系动词，后跟形容词，结合上文，He visited her and followed her for two hours every day.可知每天他跟随她，因此判断章鱼有点害怕，故答案为afraid。
（4）heart.考查名词。结合下文，Finally，after 26 days，she reached out and touched him!可知最后26天后，她出来了并且触摸他，因此判断福斯特一直尝试赢得她的心，故答案为heart。
（5）short.考查形容词。结合句意，福斯特花了一年多时间研究她﹣﹣知道她_____生命的结束，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为短暂的，故答案为short。
（6）hit.考查名词。a后跟可数名词单数，结合句意，这部电影引起了____，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为轰动，故答案为hit。
（7）place.考查名词。our为形容词性物主代词，后跟名词，根据We are part of the natural world around us.可知我们是周围自然世界的一部分，因此判断章鱼教会他最大的一课就是有关人在自然中的位置，故答案为place。
（8）visitors.考查可数名词复数。结合下文，We are part of the natural world around us.可知我们是周围自然世界的一部分，因此判断我们不只是这个星球的过客，故答案为visitors。
（9）similar.考查形容词。are为系动词，后跟形容词，结合句意，当我们亲近动物朋友的时候，我们将会发现在很多方面我们是____，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为相似的，故答案为similar.
（10）neighbors.考查可数名词复数。many后跟可数名词复数，结合上文，So talk to a dog or pat a cat.Watch how birds sing to make friends.所以和狗聊聊或者拍拍猫。看鸟类如何唱歌交朋友，因此判断在这个迷人的星球上，我们拥有很多不错的邻居，用可数名词复数表示，故答案为neighbors.
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
4．（2021•徐州）When Helen was little，Saturday night was her family game night.After supper，the whole family would play Chinese chess in the sitting room.As a c（1） hild ，Helen loved to watch cartoons.But no matter how many times she asked to watch them，her parents would r（2） efuse her.They said that playing Chinese chess would help exercise her brain.Still Helen wasn't w（3） illing to play it with them sometimes.Helen didn't realize how w（4） ise her parents were until she entered high school.The games that her parents taught her when she was a little girl turned out to be very useful l（5） ater in her life.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文讲述了Helen小的时候，周六晚上是她家的游戏之夜，直到上了高中，她从意识到她父母是多么明智。
【解答】（1）child.考查名词。根据"When Helen was little"，当Helen小的时候，再结合语境和首字母可知，此处应该填child，作为一个孩子，Helen喜欢看卡通片。故答案为child。
（2）refuse.考查动词。结合语境，此处是每当她要看卡通片，她父母就会拒绝她，用动词refuse，would为情态动词，后面跟动词原形。故答案为refuse。
（3）willing.考查形容词。根据语境，可知Helen不愿意陪父母下棋，前面有否定词not，因此填willing。故答案为willing。
（4）wise.考查形容词。根据最后一句，她父母教她的小时候玩的游戏后来竟然对她后来的生活非常有用，可知直到上了中学，Helen才意识到她的父母是多么的明智，结合首字母填wise。故答案为wise。
（5）later.考查副词。根据语境推测句意为，当她还是个小女孩的时候，她父母教她玩的游戏后来在她的生活中竟然非常有用，结合首字母填later。故答案为later。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
5．（2021•呼和浩特）Life will be peaceful if you always do kind things.I teach my daughters to（1）d evelop a habit of helping others.
We live in the country.Most of what we see is beautiful nature.One of the exceptions （例外） to the beauty is the rubbish that some people throw out of their car windows.And there are no necessary public（2）s ervices ，such as rubbish collection.
A helping behavior （行为） that I often（3）p ractice with my daughters is picking up rubbish in our neighborhood.My daughters often have a （4）m atch to see who can collect the most rubbish.They will often say to me in an excited voice， "There's some rubbish，Daddy，stop the car!" Without（5）t hinking more，we will often get out of our car and pick it up.Though it may seem strange，we do it.In fact，we（6）e njoy it.We pick up rubbish in parks，on sidewalks，almost（7）a nywhere .
One day I saw a man I had never met before picking up rubbish on the road.I stopped.He（8）r aised his head and said to me with a smile， "I saw you doing this with your family.It's a good idea to protect our natural world."
There are many other ways to（9）p rovide kindness for others.You may share a dinner with a homeless person，visit lonely old people in the nursing home，or help the blind cross the street.You can think of something that can be finished（10）e asily but helpful.It is fun，self﹣satisfying，and what's more，it can set a good example.Helping others is helping yourself.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】文章讲述了我一种教导女儿要养成乐于助人的好习惯，并且亲自陪女儿一起捡垃圾。这种行为也感染到一个人，也跟随着行动起来。
【解答】（1）develop.考查名词。根据空格后的名词 a habit for helping others一个帮助别人的习惯，可知习惯是培养发展的。结合首字母，推出是动词"develop开发"develop a habit养成一种习惯，题干句型teach…to do教某人做某事，故填develop。
（2）services.考查名词。根据后面的举例Such as rubbish collection.例如垃圾收集站，可知此处说的是缺少公共服务，结合首字母，推出是"service服务"符合题意，它是可数名词，公共设施服务包括很多。此处是复数，故填services。
（3）practice .考查动词。根据空格后的介词with，结合picking up rubbish in our neighborhood捡起我们小区的垃圾，推测出是动词"practice练习"，和with搭配成短语practice  with和..一起练习，一般现在时。故填practice。
（4）match.考查名词。根据to see who can collect the most rubbish来看看谁收集的垃圾最多，可知是女儿想跟我比赛。结合首字母，推出是名词"match比赛"，冠词a说明是单数名词，故填match。
（5）thinking.考查动词。根据语境，看到垃圾就捡起已经成了我们的习惯动作，所以女儿说有垃圾让我停车，我不加思索的下车去捡起垃圾。结合首字母，推出是动词"思考"，介词without后接动名词，故填thinking。
（6）enjoy.考查动词。句意：事实我们喜欢它。结合首字母，推出是动词"enjoy喜欢"，别人认为我们很奇怪。故填enjoy.。
（7）anywhere.考查副词，根据We pick it up rubbish in parks，on sidewalks，我们捡起垃圾，在公园里，在马路边，可知这是表达有垃圾的任何地方，结合首字母，推出是anywhere任何地方。故填anywhere。
（8）raised.考查动词。根据his head，推出此处是一个动词，根据语境，他捡垃圾肯定是弯腰低头，然后对我说话时，肯定是要抬起头。结合首字母，推出是动词raise，raise his head and said to me with a smile抬起头微笑着跟我说话，时态为一般过去时。故填raised。
（9）provide.考查动词。根据题干中的介词for，结合首字母和语境，推出是句型provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物，符合题意，句意是"有很多方式为别人提供慈善服务"，此处是不定式结构，to+动词原形。故填provide。
（10）easily.考查副词。根据You may share a dinner with a beggar（乞丐），visit lonely old people in the nursing home，or help the blind cross the street你可以跟一个乞丐分享一段晚餐；拜访一位孤独的老人；帮助盲人过马路。由此可知这些事情都是举手之劳，很容易完成却对别人帮助很大。结合首字母推出副词easily修饰动词finish，故填easily。
【点评】首字母阅读填空，考查词汇积累，考生注意结合语境和词语用法填上适当的单词。
6．（2021•镇江）One of the founders of the Communist Party of China once wrote about youth.The youth are like the early spring，like the morning sun，like the budding flowers，like the sharp blade fresh off the grinding stone.Youth is the most v（1） aluable time of life.
Youth is a relatively （相对地） short p（2） eriod in one's life.During this time，habits and interests are formed for the r（3） est of your life.So it's important to have a good start.
But what is the s（4） pirit of youth？It's a time to begin the process of self﹣reliance and self﹣motivation.Sure，you might have parents and friends help you now，but f（5） inally ，you must depend on yourself.W（6） ithout needing help or advice，your character and confidence can be built by yourself.No one can f（7） orce you to get good grades or get the perfect job — those responsibilities （责任） are yours.O（8） nly you can be the master of your life.
When you are in trouble，continue trying.T（9） rain yourself to be strong.Tell yourself that difficulties are not always problems.You can do the work that others can't.Anything w（10） orth doing isn't easy — it's best to learn that lesson early.Never complain and always work hard to achieve your dreams.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】青年时期是人们最宝贵的一段时间，作者建议我们靠自己，不要依赖别人，只有自己能主宰自己的命运，也告诉我们永远不要抱怨，要永远努力实现自己的梦想。
【解答】（1）valuable.考查形容词。life为名词，用形容词，结合句意，青春是生命中最_____时光。结合首字母，判断空格处词义为宝贵的，故答案为valuable.
（2）period.考查名词。short为形容词，修饰名词，结合句意，生命中青春是一个相对短的_____，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为阶段，故答案为period。
（3）rest.考查名词。the为定冠词，后跟名词，结合句意，在这段时间里，习惯和兴趣会在你_____生活中形成，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为余下的，故答案为rest。
（4）spirit.考查名词。the为定冠词，后跟名词，结合下文，It's a time to begin the process of self﹣reliance and self﹣motivation.这是开始自力更生和自我激励的时候。据此判断问句是询问青春的精神是什么，故答案为spirit。
（5）finally.考查副词。结合句意，当然，你可以有父母和朋友帮助你，但是_____，你必须依靠自己，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为finally。
（6）Without.考查介词。结合句意，____需要帮助和建议，你的性格和信心可以由你自己建立。结合首字母，判断空格处词义为没有，故答案为Without。
（7）force.考查动词原形。can为情态动词，后跟动词原形，结合句意，没有人可以____你获得好成绩或获得好的工作，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为强迫，故答案为force。
（8）Only.考查副词。结合句意，_____你可以成为生活的主人，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为只有，故答案为Only.
（9）Train.考查动词原形。结合句意，____自己强大，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为训练，用动词原形开头，故答案为Train。
（10）worth.考查形容词。结合句意，_____做的任何事情不容易﹣﹣最好尽早学习那个课程，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为值得，用形容词作定语，故答案为worth。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
7．（2021•衡阳）Bicycle riding is good exercise.It helps people become （1）f it .Bicycle riding can make the riders' hearts and lungs strong.It is also good for the environment because bicycles do not cause （2） pollution （污染）.
Bicycles share the road with cars and trucks.Drivers do not always notice bicycles.So bicycle riders must （3）p ay attention to the traffic around them and know traffic signals.They must know and obey the safety （4）r ules .They must wear helmets to protect their heads.If they ride at night，they should have lights on the bicycle or wear light﹣colored clothes.In case of an accident，bicycle riders should know how to give first aid.If an injury is serious，they must call 120 for help.In a word，the best way to be safe is to be （5） careful （小心的）.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了骑自行车的益处和注意事项。
【解答】（1）fit.考查形容词。根据文中Bicycle riding is good exercise.可知骑自行车是很好的锻炼，它可以帮助人们变得健康，其中首字母是f，fit表示健康的，形容词，故答案是fit。
（2）pollution.考查名词。根据文中It is also good for the environment 可知骑自行车有利于环境，因为自行车不会引起污染，由中文提示可知该单词是pollution，表示污染，不可数名词，故答案是pollution。
（3）pay.考查动词。根据文中Bicycles share the road with cars and trucks.Drivers do not always notice bicycles.可知自行车和汽车及卡车共享道路，司机不总是能注意到自信车，所以骑自行车的人必须要注意他们周围的交通，其中pay attention to表示注意。其次must表示必须，情态动词，后跟动词原形，故答案是pay。
（4）rules.考查名词。根据文中So bicycle riders must…attention to the traffic around them and know traffic signals…They must wear helmets to protect their heads.可知骑自行车的人必须注意知周围的交通，必须知道交通灯和戴头盔，由这些具体的细节可知骑自行车的人必须知道和遵守交通规则，其中首字母是r，rule表示规则，可数名词单复数，此处应用其复数形式，故答案是rules。
（5）careful.考查形容词。根据文中In case of an accident，bicycle riders should know how to give first aid.If an injury is serious，they must call 120 for help.可知骑自行车会遇到各种危险，如果发生事故，骑自行车的人应该知道如何进行急救，如果伤势严重，他们必须拨打120寻求帮助，但保持安全的最好方法是要小心，由中文提示可知该单词是careful，表示小心的，形容词，故答案是careful。
【点评】本题考查首字母填空，考查学生对语言的综合运用能力，要求学生有扎实的词汇及语法基础，认真阅读文章，理解大意，联系上下文，根据所给首字母、中文提示、固定搭配等进行单词填写，注意单词的适当形式，难度适中。
8．（2021•大庆）Fill in each blank with a proper word with the help of the given letter.
Have you ever imagined （1）t raveling to other countries without your paper passport？In the （2）f utue ，there will be a new kind of passport called the "cloud passport" and it will come into your （3）d aily life someday.Your paper passport will become history.
The cloud passport will have your name，photos and so on.It is easy （4）f or you to check them on the computer.
If you take a paper passport with you，you might lose it. （5）H owever ，with the cloud passport，you don't have to worry about that.Do you think the cloud passport is a great idea？
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文主要讲了未来去其他国家旅行可以使用云护照。
【解答】（1）traveling.考查动名词。imagine doing为动词的固定搭配，travel为动词，要变为动名词形式，句意理解为你想象过没有纸质护照去其他国家旅行吗，故答案为traveling.
（2）future.考查名词。根据will判断时态为一般将来时，因此判断未来将会有一种新类型的护照，in the future为短语，意为在未来，故答案为future。
（3）daily.考查形容词。life为名词，用形容词修饰，结合句意，在未来，将会有一种名为"云护照"的新型护照而且有朝一日将会进入你的____生活，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为日常的，故答案为daily。
（4）for.考查介词。结合句意，在电脑上检查它们____你是容易的，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为对……来说，用介词for，故答案为for。
（5）However.考查连词。结合上文，If you take a paper passport with you，you might lose it.可知如果你带着纸质护照，可能会丢失，而有了云护照你就不用担心那个，因此判断空格处表示转折，即然而，故答案为However.
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
9．（2021•齐齐哈尔）If you go into a bookstore，you might see lots of self﹣help books.What are self﹣help books？When you feel stressed，or you want to become better，you may read some books （1）f or advice.We call those self﹣help books.
In general，self﹣help books are written by famous writers or （2） successful （succeed） businessmen.They teach you how to （3）d eal with problems in your life，for example，how to get on well with your classmates and friends，how to plan your time （4） correctly （correct） and how to find the （5） happiness （happy）.Besides，self﹣help books are useful for young readers to find their mistakes.They want to improve （6） themselves （they） by reading self﹣help books：
How to （7）c hoose a self﹣help book？
Firstly，think about what your problem is.Find a book that talks about it.
（8）S econdly ，check out the writer.A professional writer will give you more useful （9） suggestions （suggest）.
Thirdly，try out the exercises in these books.Self﹣help books often include exercises.Practice a few to see if they work.
Fourthly，be critical （批判性的）. （10）T hough it's a popular book，it might not be right about everything.
Finally，if you are very upset and feel sick，see a doctor.

【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文介绍了什么是自助书籍以及如何挑选一本自助书籍的一些方法。
【解答】（1）for.考查介词。根据上文"When you feel stressed，or you want to become better"当你感到有压力，或者想变得更好时，可推知本句句意是：你就可以读一些书寻求建议，结合首字母提示，可知填介词for"为了"，符合句意，故填for。
（2）successful.考查形容词。分析句子结构可判断此处缺形容词修饰名词business。根据句意"自助书籍都是由著名作家或成功商人写的"及提示可知，此处填successful"成功的"，符合句意，故填successful。
（3）deal.考查动词。根据句意"他们教你如何处理生活中的问题"及首字母提示，可知此处填deal"应对"，固定搭配：deal with意为处理，且该空位于
（4）correctly.考查副词。分析句子结构可判断此处缺副词修饰动词plan。根据句意"如何正确地安排时间"及提示，可知此处填correctly"正确地"，符合题意，故填correctly。
（5）happiness.考查名词。分析句子可判断空格前为冠词the，空格处应缺名词作宾语。根据句意"如何找到快乐"及提示，可知此处填happiness"快乐"为不可数名词，故填happiness。
（6）themselves.考查反身代词。根据句意"他们想通过阅读自助书籍来提高自己"及提示可知，此处填they的反身代词themselves"他们自己"，符合句意，故填themselves。
（7）choose.考查动词。根据句意"如何挑选一本自助书"及首字母提示，可知此处填choose"选择"，且位于"how to do"的"疑问词+动词不定式"结构中，故用原形，填choose。
（8）Secondly.考查副词。结合前后文"Firstly...thirdly..."及首字母提示，可知此处填secondly"第二"，句子首字母要大写，故填Secondly。
（9）suggestions.考查名词。根据空格前为more useful可判断此处缺复数名词。根据句意"专业作家会给你更多有用的建议"及提示，可知此处填suggestion"建议"，复数形式为suggestions，故填suggestions。
（10）Though.考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应用连词引导让步状语从句。根据句意"虽然这是一本很受欢迎的书，但它可能不是每件事都是对的"及首字母提示，可知此处填though"虽然"，且位于句首，首字母要大写，故填Though。
【点评】通读全文理解大意，联系上下文和所学知识，再根据句意和提示得出正确答案。
10．（2021•盐城）
Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world.While some people （1）t hrow away unwanted food，lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste，many （2）c ountries in the world like German and France have food banks.People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to （3）t hose in need.Shanghai Oasis opened China's first food bank in 2015.In five years，it saved seven million tons of food and （4）h elped 760，000 people.
Many fruits and （5）v egetables go to waste because they look ugly.For example，about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their （6）l ooks .So try to buy ugly food next time，since it is （7）j ust as good as "normal" food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to （8）o rder dishes by using the "N﹣1"formula. "N" （9）s tands for the number of people in your group.So if you're in a group of （10）s ix people，you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task，and it needs time.Everyone can do something to make a difference.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文主要讲了世界各地减少食物浪费的措施。
【解答】（1）throw.考查动词原形。根据face判断时态为一般现在时，people后谓语动词用原形，结合句意，当人们____不需要的食物，世界上其他地方的很多人面临食物短缺，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为扔，故答案为throw。
（2）countries.考查可数名词复数。many许多，后跟可数名词复数，结合句意，为了减少食物浪费，世界上很多_____，比如德国和法国有食物银行，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为国家，故答案为countries.
（3）those.考查指示代词。结合句意，人们和杂货店可以把额外的食物给他们并且他们可以把食物给需要的____，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为那些人，故答案为those。
（4）helped.考查动词过去式。根据判断时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，结合句意，五年里，它拯救了七百万吨食物并且_____76万人，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为帮助，故答案为helped。
（5）vegetables.考查可数名词复数。many很多，后跟可数名词复数，结合下文，about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store 可知大约25%到30%的胡萝卜没有到商店，因此判断题目中说到的是蔬菜被浪费，故答案为vegetables.
（6）looks.考查可数名词复数。their为形容词性物主代词，后跟名词，结合上文，Many fruits and vegetables go to waste because they look ugly.可知很多水果和蔬菜浪费因为它们长得丑，因此判断有些胡萝卜因为长相没有放入商店，look为可数名词，用复数表示类别，故答案为looks。
（7）just.考查副词。结合句意，所以下次试着买丑的食物，因为他____和普通食物一样好，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为只是，故答案为just。
（8）order.考查动词原形。to后跟动词原形表示目的，根据you should order five dishes.你应该点五份餐，判断中国餐馆让人们用"N﹣1"的方式点餐，故答案为order。
（9）stands.考查动词的第三人称单数形式。全文用一般现在时叙事，"N"后谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合句意，"N"____你们一行人的数量，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为代表，stand for短语，意为代表，故答案为stands。
（10）six.考查基数词。结合上文，Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to order dishes by using the "N﹣1"formula. "N" stands for the number of people in your group.可知很多中国餐厅告诉人们用"N﹣1"的公式点餐，"N"代表你们一行人的数量，因此判断应该点五份餐的时候是六个人，故答案为six。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
11．（2021•武汉）Susan is the daughter of the famous environmental scientist Clark.But the woman has become an environmentalist on her （1）o wn .
In 1992，the first UN Earth Summit（峰会） was held in Rio de Janeiro.Thousands of people from around the world （2）h eaded for it to talk about the Earth' s tomorrow.Twelve﹣year﹣old Susan and three of her friends formed a group.They raised money to travel to Rio to （3）a ttend the summit.
At the summit，Susan said that the state of the environment （4）w orried her a lot. "You don't know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer （臭氧层）.You don't know how to bring back forests that once（5）g rew where there is now desert.If you don't know how to fix the Earth，please stop（6）b reaking it!" The six﹣minute speech silenced all the people and made them fall into deep thinking.
After that speech，Susan began to lead "two lives." On the（7）t ypical days，she was a schoolchild.But during her vacations，she （8）s poke internationally about the environment.
Now，nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Rio speech.Although many of the world's environmental problems have only become （9）w orse ，Susan does agree that some things are different now.More and more people give voice like Susan because they have realized the importance of the environment.
"Thirty years ago，I was fighting for my tomorrow.Now，I am fighting for the （10）f uture of my sons，" says Susan，now a mother of two，who has kept calling people's attention to climate change.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】文章主要讲了著名环境科学家Clark的女儿Susan靠自己成为一个环境保护专家，为保护环境做的努力。
【解答】（1）own.考查名词。根据句意，但是这个女人已经__成为了一个保护环境专家。结合空缺处，以o开头，可知需要用固定短语on one's own 表示"独自地，靠自己地"，可知要填入own.故答案为own。
（2）headed.考查动词。根据句意，来自世界的成千上万的人都为了它__，为了谈论地球的明天。结合空缺处，以h开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"趋向"，用head.结合时态是一般过去时，所以用动词head的过去式headed.故答案为headed。
（3）attend.考查动词。根据句意，他们筹到钱来去Rio旅游以便__峰会。结合空缺处，以a开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"参加"，用attend.结合前面有to，所以用动词原形attend。故答案为attend。
（4）worried.考查动词。根据句意，在峰会上，Susan说环境的状态让她__.结合空缺处，以w开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"使担忧"，用worry.结合时态是一般过去时，所以动词用过去式，用worried。故答案为worried。
（5）grew.考查动词。根据句意，你不知道如何恢复曾经__的森林，那里现在是沙漠。结合空缺处，以g开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"生长"，用grow.结合时态是一般过去时，所以用动词的过去式grew。故答案为grew。
（6）breaking.考查动名词。根据句意，如果你不知道如何修理这个地球，请停止__它。结合空缺处，以b开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"破坏"，用break.结合固定搭配 stop doing sth表示"停止做某事"。所以用动名词breaking.故答案为breaking。
（7）typical.考查形容词。根据句意，____情况下，她还是个学生，但是在她的假期里，她在国际上谈论环境问题。结合空缺处，以t开头，可知需要填入一个形容词，表示"代表性的，典型的"，用typical.On the typical days，表示"通常情况下"。故答案为typical。
（8）spoke.考查动词。根据句意，通常情况下，她还是个学生，但是在她的假期里，她在国际上__环境问题。结合空缺处，以s开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"讲"，用speak.结合时态是一般过去时，所以动词用过去式，用spoke。故答案为spoke。
（9）worse.考查形容词的比较级。根据句意，虽然很多世界上的环境问题已经变得__，Susan确实同意现在一些事情是不同了。结合空缺处，以w开头，可知需要填入一个形容词的比较级，表示"更差的"，用worse。故答案为worse。
（10）future.考查名词。根据句意，三十年前，我为我的明天而战斗。现在，我为我们儿子的__而战斗。结合空缺处，以f开头，可知需要填入一个名词，表示"未来"，用future。故答案为future。
【点评】结合语境，根据前后逻辑关系，结合首字母提示，填入适当单词即可。
12．（2021•天津）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention，but they've been around for years.In the early 1900s，there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol（汽油）cars.At that time，petrol was e（1） xpensive compared with other fuels（燃料）。W（2） hen petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed，electric cars went out of fashion （过时）.Instead，petrol cars became more p（3） opular because they could travel longer distances （距离）without stopping.
During the 20th century，petrol cars got bigger，heavier，and faster.They needed more fuel，and it c（4） aused more air pollution.For years，car makers didn't worry about pollution.They didn't worry about the amount of petrol cars used，e（5） ither .But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth，they asked car makers to produce more efficient（高效能的）and less polluting cars.
One m（6） ethod of solving the problem was a "hybrid" car（混合动力车），one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity.Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d（7） own .
An all﹣electric car uses no petrol.The problem，however，is that car batteries （电池） need to be recharged （再充电）.That makes electric cars not so useful for long j（8） ourneys .
Many people are not p（9） leased with it.The government and car makers are w（10） orking together to develop safe，cheap，and useful electric cars.When people have these cars in the future，a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】文章讲述了燃油汽车造成了巨大的污染，人们开始想办法创造一种"混合"的车，或是一种新的电动汽车。
【解答】（1）expensive考查形容词。分析句子可判断此处缺形容词作表语。根据句意与其他燃料相比汽油昂贵，及首字母提示，此处可填expensive"昂贵的"，故填expensive。
（2）When.考查连词。根据句意当石油价格的下降和新技术的发展，及首字母提示，可知此处可填when"当......的时候"，句子首字母要大写，故填When。
（3）popular.考查形容词。由空格前的more可判断此处缺形容词的比较级。根据句意相反，汽油汽车变得更受欢迎，因为它们可以不停车行驶更长的距离，及首字母提示，可知此处可填popular"受欢迎的，流行的"，比较级more popular表示"更流行的，更受欢迎的"，故填popular。
（4）caused.考查动词。分析句子可判断此处缺动词作谓语。根据句意他们需要更多的燃料，而这导致了更多的空气污染，及首字母提示，可知此处可填cause"导致"，由空格前的needed可空时态是一般过去时，cause的过去式是caused，故填caused。
（5）either.考查代词。根据句意他们也不担心汽油汽车的使用量，及句子首字母提示，可知此处可填either"也不（放在否定句句末）"，故填either。
（6）method.考查名词。分析句子可知此处缺名词。根据句意解决这个问题的一个方法是"混合动力汽车"，及首字母提示，可知此处可填method"方法"，因空格前有one，所以要用单数名词，故填method。
（7）down.考查副词。根据句意混合动力汽车在2000年代开始流行，当时汽油价格上涨，混合动力汽车的价格下降，及首字母提示，可知此处可填down"向下"，go down表示下降，故填down。
（8）journeys.考查名词。分析句子可知此处缺名词。根据句意这使得电动汽车对长途旅行不那么实用，及首字母提示，可知此处可填journey"旅行，旅途"，因空格前没有表示单数的词，故填journey的复数形式journeys，故填journeys。
（9）pleased.考查形容词。根据句意许多人对它并不满意，及首字母提示，可知此处可填pleased"满意的，高兴的"，固定搭配be pleased with表示对......感到满意，故填pleased。
（10）working.考查动词。分析句子可知此处缺动词作谓语。根据句意政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、便宜、有用的电动汽车，及首字母提示，可知此处可填work"工作"，由语境可判断此处为现在进行时（be doing），故填working。
【点评】通读全文理解大意，联系上下文和所学知识，再根据句意和提示得出正确答案。
13．（2021•连云港）Paper，zhi，was a Chinese invention.2，000 years ago，Chinese people （1）i nvented papermaking.This zhi was made （2）o f silk and was very expensive.Only the emperor and rich people could （3）a fford to use it.1，900 years ago，Cai Lun improved the paper﹣making process.He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth.The improvement in paper﹣making spread zhi far and wide，and many different （4）k inds of zhi were made by Chinese people.Xuan paper，a type of high quality rice paper，best shows the charm of （5）t raditional Chinese painting and calligraphy （书法）.Later，Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文介绍了中国的造纸术。
【解答】（1）invented.考查动词。该空充当句子的谓语，再根据2，000 years ago可知时态为一般过去时，故该空要填动词的一般过去时。句意：两千年前，中国人就发明了造纸术。根据句意和首字母提示，此处填invent"发明"，过去式为invented，故填invented。
（2）of.考查介词。句意：这种纸由丝绸制成相当昂贵。固定搭配：be made of"由......制成"，故填of。
（3）afford。考查动词。此空在句中充当谓语，could+do，故应该填一个动词原形。句意：只有皇帝和有钱人才能买得起。根据句意及首字母提示，可填afford"买得起，承担得起"，故填afford。
（4）kinds.考查名词。句意：造纸术的进步传播开来，中国人制作了许多不同种类的纸。根据句意许多不同种类的纸及首字母提示，可知此处填kind"种类"，固定搭配：many kinds of...各种各样的......故填kinds。
（5）traditional.考查形容词。根据空后"Chinese painting and calligraphy "可知此处缺一个形容词。句意：宣纸，一种高质量的宣纸，最能体现中国传统书画的魅力。根据句意及首字母提示，此处应填traditional传统的，故填traditional。
【点评】通读全文理解大意，联系上下文和所学知识，再根据句意和提示得出正确答案。
14．（2022•长宁区一模）How hard is to lean to read？The challenge is much greater for people with a kind of disease，dyslexia（阅读障碍症）.Dyslexia is a reading problem that affects about one out of every ten people.
Dyslexia has nothing to do with intelligence，but Dyslexics have a （1）h ard time reading written words.When most children begin to read，they learn the sounds that make up words.Then they connect the sounds to letters and blend the sounds to make words.At last they can （2）r ead words they've sounded out.But children with dyslexia have trouble remembering the sounds and the letters that go with them.
（3）A lthough dyslexia can't be cured，there are ways to help people with dyslexia learn to read.Students can work with a specially﹣trained teacher to learn how to remember sounds.They can practice how to （4）m ove their mouths to make certain sounds.
Another way to help is to give students stories to read，using a special font（字体）.A font is a set of the letters of the alphabet，in a certain style.Christian Boer is a Dutch designer who created a special dyslexic﹣friendly font called "dyslexic." Christian has dyslexia，and he wanted to do something to make reading easier for people like him.He made each letter look different，so readers are （5）l ess likely to get confused.Christian has won awards for creating this font.
Scientists are studying special dyslexic fonts to decide （6）w hether they really help people with dyslexia to read faster and more accurately.So far，the results are mixed.However，scientists are sure that careful font design is an important （7）s tep toward helping dyslexics meet their challenges.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文介绍了阅读障碍症以及帮助阅读的方法。
【解答】（1）hard.考查形容词。句意：阅读障碍症与智力无关，但阅读障碍症患者很难阅读书面文字。修饰名词time用形容词，结合首字母和句意用hard艰难的，故答案是hard。
（2）read.考查动词。句意：最后，他们能读懂自己说出的单词。can后加动词原形，结合words和首字母用read阅读，故答案是read。
（3）Although.考查连词。句意：虽然阅读障碍症无法治愈，但有一些方法可以帮助阅读障碍症患者学习阅读。结合句意表达的是转折关系，结合首字母用although虽然，故答案是Although。
（4）move.考查动词。句意：他们可以练习如何动嘴巴发出特定的声音。结合their mouths to make certain sounds.和首字母用动词move移动，疑问词+to do做宾语，故答案是move。
（5）less.考查比较级。句意：他让每封信看起来都不一样，所以读者不太可能感到困惑。结合句意用比较级less，故答案是less。
（6）whether.考查连词。句意：科学家们正在研究特殊的阅读障碍字体，以确定它们是否真的能帮助患有阅读障碍的人更快更准确地阅读。结合句意和首字母用whether是否，故答案是whether。
（7）step.考查名词。句意：然而，科学家们确信，仔细的字体设计是帮助阅读障碍者应对挑战的重要一步。结合首字母用名词step，结合an用单数，故答案是step。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
15．（2022•普陀区一模）It was the last day for Teddy in the company.After he packed up all his personal belongings.he started back home，An old lady stood on the side of the road.He a （1） lmost didn't see her.Even in the dim（微弱） light of day，he could see she was in trouble.Teddy stopped his car and got out，walked towards the old lady.
Even with the smile on his face，she was w（2） orried .No one had stopped to help for the last hour or so.Was he going to hurt her？，He didn't look safe.
He said，"I am here to help you，Madam.Why don't you wait in the car where it is warm？By the way，my name is Teddy"
Well，all she had was a flat tire（爆胎），but for an old lady，that was bad enough.Teddy lay down，and moved under the car changing the tire.But he had to get d（3） irty and his hands hurt.
As he was tightening up the lug nuts，she rolled down the window and began to talk to him.She told him that she was from St.Louis and was only just passing though.She was grateful for his help.
Teddy just smiled as he finished the work.The lady asked how much she owed him.Any amount would be all right with her.She already i（4） magined all the awful things that might happen if he had not stopped.Teddy never thought about being paid.This was not a j （5） ob to him.This was helping someone in need and God knows there were plenty who had given him a hand in the past.He had lived his whole life that way，and it never occurred to him to act any other way.
He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back，the next time she saw someone who needed help，she could do him or her a favour w（6） ithout hesitation.Teddy added， "And think of me."
He waited until she started her car and drove off.It had been a cold day and he had felt d（7） epressed just now.Now he felt good as he went home，disappearing into the twilight（暮色）.

【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】文章讲述了作者帮助一个女人换车胎，没有要钱，只是要求她以后也去帮助别人。
【解答】（1）almost 考查副词。根据He...didn't see her.可知是指：他几乎没看见她。结合首字母，故填almost。
（2）worried 考查形容词。根据No one had stopped to help for the last hour or so在过去的大约一个小时里，没有人停下来帮忙，可知她是很着急的，结合首字母，故填worried。
（3）dirty 考查形容词。根据Teddy lay down，and moved under the car changing the tire.泰迪躺下，移动到车下换轮胎，可知他不得不弄脏自己。get dirty变脏。故填dirty。
（4）imagined 考查动词。根据She already...all the awful things that might happen if he had not stopped，可知是指：我已经想到了如果他不停下来，可能会发生的所有可怕的事情。时态是一般过去时，结合首字母，故填imagined。
（5）job 考查名词。根据This was not a...to him，可知是指：这不是他的工作，结合首字母，故填job。
（6）without 考查介词。根据she could do him or her a favour...hesitation，可知是指：她可以毫不犹豫地帮他或她一个忙。without hesitation毫不犹豫的。结合首字母，故填without。
（7）depressed 考查形容词。根据It had been a cold day and he had felt...just now，可知是指：刚才天气很冷，他感到很沮丧。结合首字母，故填depressed。
【点评】首字母阅读填空，考查词汇积累，考生注意结合语境和词语用法填上适当的单词。

考点卡片
1．首字母阅读填空
【考查能力介绍】
①首字母阅读填空常要求考生根据短文意思和所提供的首字母，写出一个完整、正确由能使短文通顺的单词．
②首字母阅读填空考查范围极广，是完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型，最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力．它要求考生要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，还要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量．
③该题的考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类．
【解题方法点拨】
做首字母阅读填空题，我们需要在自身知识积累足够的基础上，掌握一定的方法，以便快速准确地答题．
①通读全文，跳过空格，了解全文大意；
②结合所给首字母，综合考虑，初步确定答案；
③仔细推敲，注意词形的变化，从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性；
④复读全文，确保填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确，避免不必要的失分．
解题步骤（以题为例）
Once， there was a little grey planet． People living on it hadn't looked after it well．（1）A____ they had excellent inventions and spaceships beyond our imagination， they made the planet（2）f____ of rubbish and pollution． As a result there were no plants or（3）a____ left．
One day， a little boy was walking on the（4）p____． When he passed a cave（山洞）， he noticed a small red（5）f____ in it． The flower was sick and almost dying． The boy（6）d____ it out carefully with its root and some soil． Then he tried to find somewhere to plant it， but he failed． He looked up in the sky and he found the（7）m____． He thought the flower might grow（8）w____ on the moon． So he climbed into a spaceship with the flower and（9）f____ to the moon． He grew the flower on the moon and took care of it every day． Soon the flowers spread all over the moon and the moon was（10）c____ with red flowers．
When all the flowers come out， the moon looks（11）____， like a warning light． If we don't look（12）a____ our earth carefully， the day will come when flowers will only be able to grow on the moon．
这是2018年咸宁的最新中考题，解题时要先通读全文，可以根据语境推知：（1）以首字母A开头的复合句前后是转折关系，应该用连词Although；（2）考查固定搭配，be full of；（3）以a开头和plants（植物）并列，很容易就能联想到是说动物，根据plants可知要用复数形式，animals；（4）（5）（7）（11）需要联系上下文从文中寻得答案，是送分题；（6）可根据语境得知是要挖出花儿，用动词dig，涉及到动词就需要考虑时态，上下文都是一般过去时，这里也需要用过去式dug；（8）以w开头用以修饰动词grow的，根据语境可知要用well；（9）根据提示词spaceship和首字母f可知应该是要飞向月球，同样用过去式flew；（10）根据spread all over the moon可以知道月球上被红花所覆盖，用固定搭配be covered with；（11）根据语境和首字母a可知此处要用after来组成词组look after．题目做完之后，把答案代入题中凭语感就可判断处答案正确与否．
【中考命题方向】
首字母填空类短文题是近几年各省、市题经常采用的题型之一．从近几年的考题来看，首字母填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，各大词类几乎都有涉及．所设文章短小、精致，体裁不一，题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点．