2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案+名词

这是一份2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案+名词，共4页。学案主要包含了不可数名词基本用法，可数名词变复数等内容，欢迎下载使用。

名词有不可数名词和可数名词之分。
一、不可数名词基本用法
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式，在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. 不可数名词前面不能使用 a 或 an，若表示数量，可要借助一个可数名词来表达，其结构为：数词＋可数名词（量词）＋f＋不可数名词。如：a piece f / a pair f / a cup f / a glass f 等。
3. 修饰不可数名词的词： much, little, a little, a great deal f (大量的)
4．既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义不同。如：
rm—房间(可数)； 空间(不可数) fish— 鱼(可数)； 鱼肉(不可数)
glass—玻璃杯(可数)； 玻璃(不可数) paper—试卷，报纸(可数)；纸张(不可数)
chicken—小鸡(可数)； 鸡肉(不可数) wrk ----著作(可数)； 工作(不可数)
exercise----习题(可数)； 锻炼(不可数) experience----经历(可数)； 经验(不可数)
二、可数名词变复数
1．规则变化
(1) 一般情况下在词尾加 s . 如：lake→lakes；muth→muths
(2) 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词后加 es 。如：bus→buses；bx→bxes
(3) 以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变 y 为 i ，再加 es。如：factry→factries；
(4) 以结尾的加s，除：her→heres；tmat→tmates；ptat→ptates。
(5) 以f或fe结尾的词，变f,fe为ves。如：knife→knives；leaf→leaves；但有些例外的词如rf的复数形式是rfs, scarf 复数 scarves/ scarfs。
2．不规则名词复数
(1) 改a 为e 型 ： man—men wman—wmen
特例：human—humans German—Germans
(2)改为ee 型 ：tth—teeth ft—feet gse—geese
(3) 在词尾加-ren ： child—children
(4) 单复同型： sheep , deer, Chinese , Japanese
(5) 集合名词，出现就是复数： peple， plice
(6) 常用作复数形式或只有复数形式： ndles , scissrs, trusers, clthes, gds, chpsticks
(7)表示国家人民的名词复数： 中日不变，英法变，其它s 加后面。（Chinese—Chinese, Japanese—Japanese, Englishman—Englishmen , Frenchman—Frenchmen, American—Americans, Australian—Australians, Russian—Russians…）
(8) 其它特殊形式：muse (老鼠)mice muse(鼠标) muses
(9)family 家人 ，谓语动词用复数形式.(强调成员 ) 家庭， 谓语动词用单数形式.(强调整体）类似的词还有：class，team, grup.
Eg. His family is a happy ne. The whle family are watching TV.
同步练习：
I．将下列名词变成复数形式。
map_________ girl__________ bus__________ brush__________ watch_________bx__________
baby_________ city_________ cuntry_________ her__________ptat__________z_________
tmat_________ pht__________ knife_________leaf__________wlf__________wife_________
life__________ child__________ft__________ tth__________ muse__________ man_______ German____________Englishman______________ Chinese_____________ German ____________
American_____________deer_____________ sheep______________
II． 单项选择
( )1. I met sme __________ in the park and talked with them the ther day.
A. Japanese B. American C. Chineses D. English
( )2. --- Excuse me, are yu __________? --- Yes, I’m frm __________.
A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D.American, America
( )3. A grup f __________are talking with tw__________ ver there.
Frenchmen, Germans B. Frenchmen, Germen C. Frenchmanes, Germans
( )4.. He knws __________ Chinese and has __________ Chinese friends.
A. much, many B. many, much C. much, much D. many, many
( )5. ---Wuld yu like sme __________? --Oh, yes, just a little.
A. pears B. ranges C. milk D. grapes
( )6. Dn’t hurry! We still have __________ time left.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 
( )7. Take sme __________ t schl. It’s s ht and yu may feel thirsty.
A. meat B. bread C. juice D. range
( )8. We see many __________ and __________ n the hill.
A. hrses; sheeps B. hrse; sheep C. hrses; sheep D. hrse, sheeps
( )9. There is __________milk and __________apples in the fridge. Let’s get sme.
A. little, a few B. little, few C. a little. few D. few. a little
( )10. My teacher game me __________.
A. a gd advice B. sme gd advices C. sme gd advice D. gd advices
( )11. We are very happy with ur __________ in ur studies.
A. great prgresses B. great prgress C. many prgress D. lt f prgress
( )12. I’d like t have a glass f milk and __________.
A. tw breads B. tw pieces f breads C. tw pieces f bread D. tw piece f bread
考点二：名词所有格
一、名词所有格的构成
1. 有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：
①一般情况下在名词后加's。如：迈克的汽车 Mike’s car
②以s结尾的复数名词只加'。 如：教师节 Teachers’ Day
③不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加's 。如：儿童节 Children’s Day
2. 无生命的名词所有格一般由“f＋名词” “t+名词”构成。如：
我们教室的一张照片 a pht f ur classrm
门的钥匙 The key t the dr 问题的答案 the answer t the questin
二、名词所有格的用法
1. 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词，也可用's构成所有格。如：
今天的报纸 tday’s newspaper 步行一小时的路程 an hur’s walk
2．表示两者共同拥有的人或物时，只需在最后一个人的名字后加 's；表示各自所有，则需在每个名词后加's。如：
莉莉和露西共有的房间 Lily and Lucy’s rm
莉莉和露西各自的房间 Lily’s and Lucy’s rms
3. 表示“家”、 “店铺”，“商店”，“诊所”时，可以将后面的名词省略。如：
at Li Lei's在李雷家 , at the dctr’s 在诊所
4．双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“f＋名词's” 或 “f＋名词性物主代词”。如：我父亲的一本书 : a bk f may father’s
我的一个朋友: a friend f mine ＝ ne f my friends
同步练习：
I．单项选择
( )1. This is _________ rm.
A. Tm and Mary’s B. Tm’s and Mary’s C. Tm’s and Mary D. Tm and Mary
( )2. ______ mthers culdn’t g t the meeting, because they have gne t Chengdu.
A. Li Lei and Lucy’s B. Li Lei’s and Lucy’s C. Li Lei and Lucy D. Li Lei and Lucy
( )3. __________ rm is n the 5th flr.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
( )4. --This is a pht f _____ when they were yung. -- OK, hw happy they bth lked!
A. my father and mther B. my mther and father's C. my mther's and father's
( )5. We sell __________ in ur shp.
A. wmen and children T shirts B. wmen’s and children’s jackets C. wman’s and child’s cats
( )6. __________ came t visit us this mrning.
My father friend B. Friend f my father
C.A friend f my father’s D. One f my father’s friend
( ) 7. It’s nly ten __________ break.
A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minutes’s
( )8. Tm wn the bys’ __________ race in ur schl sprts meeting.
A. 15000-metre B.15000-metres C.15000-metre’s D.1500 meters
( )9. Yu must finish the wrk in__________.
A. three weeks time B. three weeks’ time C. three week’s time D. three-weeks time
( )10. Lk at the shes. They are my __________.
A. sister B. sisters C. sisters’s D. sisters'
( )11. We had a gd time during ur __________ hliday.
A. tw weeks B. tw-weeks C. tw-week’s D. tw weeks’
( )12. On __________, all the children can play games all day.
A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’ Day C. The Children’s Day D.children day
( )13. This is nt my cap, but my __________.
A. brthers B. brther’s C. brthers’ D. brther
( )14. Miss Green is a friend f _______ .
Mary’s mther’s B. Mary’s mther C. Mther’s f Mary D. Mary mther’s
( )15. D yu knw the answer _____ this questin? A.t B. f C. in D. fr
考点三： 复合形容词修饰名词作定语
1.数词+连字符+名词单数 形式= 数词+所有格 + 名词
a tw- week hliday = tw weeks’ hliday 两周的假期
注意：如果中间加连字符不能加s和’，且前面要加a/an. 没有连字符加s和’,不能加a/ an。
2. 数词+连字符+名词单数+连字符+形容词 。 如：a 15-year-ld girl 一个15岁的女孩
注意：表示长、宽、高、面积、重量等，用“基数词+ 单位词 （meter，ft等）+ 形容词（lng, wide, high等） = “基数词+ 单位词 + in+ 名词（length, width, height, weight等）
如： tw meters lng = tw meters in length
3. 名词修饰名词
当man 和wman 作定语时， 变复数形式要将 两个名词都变成复数形式。如 a wman teacher –wmen teachers 如果没有man 和wman 时，只需将后一个名词变为复数。如：histry teacher – histry teachers 历史老师。
同步练习：
( )1.We have a _____ hliday every Natinal Day.
A.3 day B. 3-day C. 3-days D. 3 day’s
( )2.–Hw lng is the bridge? --It’s ________.
A.300-meter-lng B. 300-meters lng C. 300 meters lng D. 300 meter lng
( )3.Yu will be an _____ after this birthday, and yu’re ld enugh t make decisins by yurself n girl B. 18-year-ld girl C. 18-year-lds girl D. 18 years ld girl
( )4.There are many _______ teachers in this primary schl.
wman B. wman’s C. wmen D. wmen’s
( )5. The delicius dishes are cked by __________.
A. wmen ckers B. wmen cks C .wman cks D. wman ckers
( )6. Julie went t the __________ t buy a pair f shes.
A. shes stre B. she’s stre C. she stre D. shes’ stre
考点四： 名词辨析及名词的转换
1.名词变为形容词：rain—rainy wind—windy clud—cludy sun—sunny
snw—snwy , fg—fggy, success –successful, luck—lucky, health—healthy
2.动词变为名词, 如： teach—teacher, sing—singer， invent—inventin/inventr
3.形容词变为名词，如：different—difference , imprtant--imprtance
同步练习：
D yu knw the cultural_____________(different) between China and Canada.
I feel very ___________(luck) t have such a kind classmate.
I usually play with my little sister at hme n _______(rain)days.
Tny always checks his schl bag __________(care) befre leaving fr schl.
T live a _________(health) and happy life, we shuld g t bed early and get up early.