2022届重庆市第八中学高三上学期适应性月考卷（四）英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届重庆市第八中学高三上学期适应性月考卷（四）英语试题含解析，共24页。

2022届重庆市第八中学高三上学期适应性月考卷（四）英语试题
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。
3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who is the woman?
A. A player. B. A movie star. C. A coach.
2 What are the two speakers talking about?
A. Fried chicken. B. Seafood. C. Their favorite food.
3. What gift will the woman probably get for Mary?
A. A school bag. B. A record. C. A theater ticket.
4. Where did the woman's mother get the bananas?
A. From the supermarket.
B. From the woman's uncle's house.
C. From the farmer's market.
5. What is the woman doing?
A. Buying a newspaper. B. Setting a date. C. Asking the time.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. How will the man's brother go to South America?
A. By ship. B. By plane. C. By train.
7. What will the man probably buy for his brother?
A. A toothbrush. B. A silk tie. C. A clock.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
8. What is the man doing now?
A. Trying to find a job.
B. Traveling round the world.
C. Teaching English for money.
9. Where will the man be working?
A In an Australian school.
B In a shipping company.
C. In a foreign trading firm.
10. What will the speakers do together in the evening?
A. Go sightseeing in the city.
B. Eat in a Chinese restaurant.
C. Have a home-made dinner.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11. What do we learn from the conversation?
A. Both speakers have seen Harry Potter before.
B. The man has no idea what to do tonight.
C. They will read the book Harry Potter.
12. When does the movie start?
A. At 6: 13. B. At 6: 30. C. At 7: 00.
13. What will the two speakers eat for dinner?
A. Fried chicken. B. Hamburgers. C. Something healthy.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。
14. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a laundry. B. At a grocery shop. C. At a shoe shop.
15. When will the work be done?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Wednesday.
16. What's the problem with the woman's trousers?
A. They're too short. B. They're too loose. C. They're a bit long.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What does the speaker introduce?
A. A website. B. A newspaper. C. A magazine.
18. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. German culture. B. German factories. C. German beer.
19. What are German beers made from?
A. Grain, rice and water. B. Grain, hops and water. C. Hops, rice and water.
20. How many brands of beer are produced in Germany?
A. Over 5, 000. B. Over 1, 200. C. Over 6, 200.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Top 4 Little Known National Parks
Buffalo National River Park, Arkansas
This river travels east through the Ozarks and flows into the White River. Visitors to this park will find a myriad of activities to enjoy. Floating the river, is of course, one of the most popular activities. Those visitors that want to try other activities can enjoy horseback riding, fishing, wildlife viewing, and stopping to explore historic sites.
Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico
Chaco Culture provides access to a wide variety of Chacoan sites. In fact, Chaco Culture National Historical Park has the largest concentration of Chaco ruins outside of Mexico. The park also has a great night sky program. The Chaco Night Sky Program includes presentations, astronomy which links modern astronomy with the astronomical knowledge of the Chacoan people.
Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
The park makes a great summer time destination. Most of the year the park is covered in snow, and the summertime window is very brief, lasting only from July to October. During the short summer visitors can enjoy the Rim Drive, hiking, camping, fishing, swimming in the lake and even take a boat tour of the lake. During the long winter, which lasts from October to July, the Rim Drive is mostly closed.
Great Sand Dunes National Park & Preserve, Colorado
This destination preserves the tallest sand dunes (沙丘) in North America. Visitors can enjoy learning about the diversity of the land while enjoying the beauty of the region. Great Sand Dunes is also a fantastic destination for building sand castles and even enjoying some Sandboarding. Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is filled with fun activities and amazing points of interest, sure to interest any kids.
1. What can visitors do in the Buffalo National River Park?
A. Traveling through the Ozarks. B. Horseback riding.
C. Wildlife hunting. D. Exploring cultural resources.
2. Which month is the best time to Crater Lake National Park?
A. March. B. May. C. August. D. November.
3. Which park best suits a family with children?
A. Buffalo National River Park.
B. Chaco Culture National Historical Park.
C. Crater Lake National Park.
D. Great Sand Dunes National Park & Preserve.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个不太知名的国家公园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Buffalo National River Park 所在段落的倒数第二行“Those visitors that want to try other activities can enjoy horseback riding, fishing, wildlife viewing, and stopping to explore historic sites.(有兴趣尝试其他活动的市民，可参加骑马，钓鱼，野生动物观察和停下来探索历史遗迹)”可知，游客在Buffalo National River Park可以骑马。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Crater Lake National Park 所在段落的第二句“Most of the year the park is covered in snow, and the summertime window is very brief, lasting only from July to October.(一年中的大部分时间，公园都被雪覆盖，夏季时间很短，只从七月持续到十月)”可知，去Crater Lake National Park最好的时间应为七月到十月之间的时间。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话“Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is filled with fun activities and amazing points of interest, sure to interest any kids.( Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve充满了有趣的活动和令人惊奇的兴趣点，孩子们一定会感兴趣)”可知，Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve适合带孩子去玩的家庭。故选D。
B
When Meglan Enz was 10 years old she decorated her bedroom walls with posters and pages torn from magazines of anything tied to the U. S. military. She couldn’t wait to be part of a world where it “was a big deal” for women to enlist.
Then one day there was a fire in her grandparents’ house on the family ranch in Hollister, California. By the time she and her parents arrived, the fire had been put out. Among the firefighting crew was a woman—caked in soot(灰), her head covered with a helmet and self-contained breathing apparatus(呼吸器). Enz was stunned.
“You’re actually a firefighter. Are you a woman firefighter?” “Yes,” Enz recalls the firefighter responding. “And I hope one day, you’ll think about it because we need a lot more women in the fire service.” And with that, the anonymous woman planted a seed in Enz’s young mind, so she abandoned her plan to join the military. Enz is now in her third season with CAL FIRE(California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection).
While statistics about the number of women in CAL FIRE only date back to 2019, they account for roughly 5.5 percent of the approximately 8,300 workforce. The job is demanding for anyone, especially female. Battling wildfires requires both physical and psychological strength, as well as endurance.
When Enz thinks back to that interaction she had as a child with the firefighter, she realizes that moment has never left her. Those instances underline the significance of mentor(导师)and of women—from any age or background—seeing other women in typically male-dominated professions. And they often come full circle.
Recently, Enz was coming of a fire line when she encountered a six-year-old girl, ginning with excitement over seeing a female firefighter. “This is so cool,” the girl said as she looked up at Enz. “I never see girls.” Enz choked up as she realized she had grown into that stranger who changed the course of her own life.
4. What is Enz’s initial dream?
A. Being a firefighter. B. Being a soldier.
C. Being a mentor. D. Being a professional.
5. Why does CAL FIRE have a shortage of women?
A. The prejudices of the public.
B. The challenging requirements of the job.
C. The lack of physical strength.
D. The restrictions of local policy.
6. According to the text, which of the flowing best describes Meglan Enz?
A. Modest and generous. B. Outgoing and friendly.
C. Brave and determined. D. Emotional and sensitive.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The influence of a mentor. B. Reduce the wildfire risk.
C. Never give up your dreams. D. Get ready for the firefight.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要叙述了梅格恩茨因为童年受到女消防员的启发而立志成为一名女消防员的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When Meglan Enz was 10 years old she decorated her bedroom walls with posters and pages torn from magazines of anything tied to the U. S. military. She couldn’t wait to be part of a world where it “was a big deal” for women to enlist.”（当梅格兰恩茨10岁时，她用海报和杂志上撕下来的与美国军方有关的东西装饰她的卧室墙壁。她迫不及待地想加入一个对女性来说“很重要”的世界)以及第三段“the anonymous woman planted a seed in Enz’s young mind, so she abandoned her plans to join the military”（这个匿名的女人在恩茨年轻的心中埋下了种子，所以她放弃了参军的计划）可知，恩茨最初梦想成为一名军人。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The job is demanding for anyone, especially female. Battling wildfires requires both physical and psychological strength, as well as endurance.”（这份工作对任何人都是高要求，尤其是女性。与野火作战需要身体和心理上的力量，以及忍耐力）可知缺少女消防员的原因是艰难的工作要求。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“the anonymous woman planted a seed in Enz’s young mind, so she abandoned her plan to join the military. Enz is now in her third season with CAL FIRE”（这个匿名的女人在恩茨年轻的心中埋下了种子，所以她放弃了参军的计划。恩兹现在在加州消防局工作，已经是第三年了）以及第四段“Battling wildfires requires both physical and psychological strength, as well as endurance.”（与野火作战需要身体和心理上的力量，以及忍耐力）可知恩茨在童年时产生了想要当消防员的想法，最终实现了这个梦想。并且这是一份极具挑战性的工作。由此可推知，恩茨是勇敢并且意志坚定的。选项C符合题意，故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合文章第五段“Those instances underline the significance of mentors”（这些例子强调了导师的重要性）以及最后一段“Enz choked up as she realized she had grown into that stranger who changed the course of her own life.”（恩茨意识到自己已经变成了那个改变了自己人生轨迹的陌生人，她哽咽了）可知，本文主要叙述了恩茨因为童年遇到的一位女消防员而下定决心从事消防工作，并意识到童年时期遇见的那位女消防员在她的人生中扮演着重要的作用。并且自己也成长为一名能够影响他人人生轨迹的导师。所以本文的标题可以为“导师的影响”，选项A符合题意，故选A。
C
The World Health Organization recently announced the addiction of gaming disorder as a new illness. They say it's a potentially serious mental health condition. Gaming disorder means the patient is giving increasing priority to online and offline gaming on any platform—mobile phones, tablets or console games—over other activities.
A video game addiction is like being addicted to drugs. A study in the American Journal of Drugs and Alcohol Abuse on video games found that they impact the release of dopamine levels in ways similar to drugs like Ecstasy. Excessive gaming can also mask mental health issues. "Most people who actually meet the diagnostic criteria for gaming disorder also have other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]," says psychiatrist Dr. Scott Krakower, who specializes in treating teens with addiction disorders.
Video games give these users a social outlet so that they don't have to leave their house. "It's also a place to escape from stress, see measurable progress, and get instant contentment," says Dr. Krakower. Often, people become so comfortable playing a game that they don't want to face reality. "Gaming is a safe place to fail," says Krakower. "If you apply for a job and they say no, you hurt from rejection. But if you die in a game, you just press restart and try again."
However, it can be difficult for parents to relate to the gaming world. That's why they need to try and "understand the importance of their children's online relationships," says addiction psychiatry specialist Professor Andrew J. Saxon. "Gamers who spend a lot of time online tend to have few friends outside the virtual world. Moving on from gaming is likely to change their social group."
Be supportive and encouraging as the parents help the kids overcome their addiction. Supporting them to find new group activities will help them to improve their social skills, explains Dr. Saxon. "Be patient; replacing gaming with new habits can take time," he says.
However, Dr. Krakower warns not to be too patient." At the same time, continue to nudge them along," he says.
8. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to________.
A. make a comparison B. draw a conclusion
C. propose an argument D. present a definition
9. What can we learn from Krakower's words in Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Gaming disorder patients must suffer from physical health issues.
B. Users become addicted to the video games because they never lose.
C. Video games help to release pressure and gain satisfaction.
D. Fear of rejection prevents gamers from landing a job.
10. What does the word "nudge" in the last paragraph mean?
A. Wait. B. Concern. C. Push. D. Blame.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. When gaming turns to addiction.
B Reasons for abandoning gaming.
C. Ways to overcome gaming addiction.
D. When gaming serves as a social outlet.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了游戏成瘾是一种新的疾病的原因以及家长帮助孩子戒掉游戏瘾的建议。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Gaming disorder means the patient is giving increasing priority to online and offline gaming on any platform—mobile phones, tablets or console games—over other activities.”（游戏障碍意味着患者越来越重视在任何平台上玩在线和离线游戏，比如手机、平板电脑或游戏机游戏，而不是其他活动。）可知，作者写第一段的目的在于提出网络游戏成瘾作为一种疾病的定义。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It’s also a place to escape from stress, see measurable progress, and get instant contentment.”（它也是一个逃离压力，看到可衡量的进步，并立即获得满足的地方）可知，Krakower认为网络游戏能够帮助玩家减缓压力，获得满足感。选项C符合题意，故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“Be supportive and encouraging as the parents help the kids overcome their addiction.”（支持和鼓励孩子，因为父母帮助孩子克服他们的网瘾。）“Be patient; replacing gaming with new habits can take time”（要有耐心; 用新的习惯取代游戏需要时间）以及第六段“However, Dr. Krakower warns not to be too patient.”（然而Krakower博士警告说不要太有耐心。）可知，虽然Saxon博士建议家长要给予孩子帮助和鼓励，要有耐心，但Krakower博士提出家长们不应过于耐心。可推知，划线词所在句指家长要支持和鼓励孩子，但应该适当的督促他们前进、改变。所以划线词指”鼓励，前进”，选项C符合题意，故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，作者通过一二三自然段介绍网络游戏成瘾这一疾病以及沉迷游戏的原因，在第四五六自然段提出作为家长帮助孩子戒掉游戏瘾的建议。整篇文章围绕网络游戏成瘾这一疾病展开。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
D
Researchers in the United Kingdom are testing to see whether vitamin A can be used to restore the sense of smell in people who lost it because of COVID-19.
A loss of the sense of smell is a common side-effect of COVID-19, with around eight people in 10 who have a symptomatic infection experiencing some reduction in their ability to smell. For some patients—round 18 percent according to one study—the symptom is severe, causing total smell loss.
Prior to the pandemic , researchers at the Interdisciplinary Center for Smell and Taste in Dresden, Germany, established a link between vitamin A drops and improved outcomes in patients with viral-induced smell loss, causing scientists at the University of East Anglia to use the treatment on COVID-19 patients in a new UK government-funded study.
"Around one in 10 people who experience smell loss as a result of COVID-19 report that their sense of smell has not returned to normal four weeks after falling ill," said Carl Philpott, a professor of olfactology at the university.
Philpott said people with smell loss can experience depression, anxiety, feelings of isolation（孤立）, and weight loss due to reduced appetite. He said other risks include failure to notice hazards（危险）, such as gas or spoiled foods.
"We want to find out whether there is an increase in the size and activity of damaged smell pathways in patients' brains when they are treated with vitamin A nasal（鼻的）drops," said Philpott. "This would show recovery of the damage caused by common viral infections, including COVID-19, in the nose."
In the new study, 38 patients will receive a 12-week course of nasal vitamin A drops and 19 will receive inactive peanut oil drops. Before and after the treatment course, researchers will use MRI scanning to see if there is a change in the size of the olfactory bulb, an area above the nose where the smell nerves join together and connect to the brain. They will also test for neural activity and olfactory performance by introducing distinctive odors, such as roses or rotting eggs, while patients are undergoing MRI imaging.
12. What inspires researchers to use vitamin A to treat COVID-19 patients?
A. A reliable experiment.
B. Patients' personal experience.
C. Previous medical research.
D. Scientists' reasonable assumption.
13. What may NOT be the result of the smell loss?
A. Reduced appetite. B. Failure to sense danger.
C. Feelings of being lonely. D. Slow recovery from infections.
14. How did the researchers carry out their study?
A. By interviewing the patients. B. By analyzing some data.
C. By observing the symptoms. D. By doing contrast experiments.
15. What is the text mainly about?
A. The effective ways to restore the sense of smell.
B. Using vitamin A to treat smell loss linked with COVID-19.
C. COVID-19 patients' sufferings from severe smell loss.
D. Some cases that will cause a loss of the sense of smell.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了科学家们现在正在试验维生素A是否可以用来恢复由于新冠所引发的嗅觉丧失。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“Prior to the pandemic , researchers ...to use the treatment on COVID-19 patients in a new UK government-funded study.”(在这个流行病之前，位于德国德累斯顿的跨学科嗅觉和味觉中心的研究人员在病毒性嗅觉丧失患者身上发现了维生素A水平下降和改善治疗效果之间的联系，从而导致东英吉利亚大学的科学家们在一项新的英国政府资助的研究中对2019冠状病毒疾病患者使用这种治疗方法。)，可知早在新冠之前就有机构已经建立了维生素A下降和改善嗅觉丧失之间的联系，对于由新冠引发的嗅觉丧失采用维生素A就是基于之前的这个研究。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Philpott said people with smell loss can experience depression, anxiety, feelings of isolation（孤立）, and weight loss due to reduced appetite. He said other risks include failure to notice hazards（危险）, such as gas or spoiled foods.”（菲尔波特说，嗅觉丧失的人会经历抑郁、焦虑、孤立感，以及由于食欲减退而导致的体重下降。他说，其他的风险包括不能注意到如煤气或变质的食物的危险。）可知，嗅觉丧失的人并不会出现感染后康复缓慢的情形。选项D在文中未提到，不符合文意。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the new study, 38 patients will receive a 12-week course of nasal vitamin A drops and 19 will receive inactive peanut oil drops.”（在新的研究中，38名患者将接受为期12周的维生素 A滴鼻剂治疗，19名患者将接受非活性花生油滴鼻剂治疗。）可知，研究学者把病人分成了两组，一组使用维生素A，一组使用其他的滴剂，做比照实验。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。此文是一篇说明文，纵读全文，根据第一段“Researchers in the United Kingdom are testing to see whether vitamin A can be used to restore the sense of smell in people who lost it because of COVID-19.”（英国的研究人员正在测试是否可以使用维生素 A来恢复因2019冠状病毒疾病而失去嗅觉的人的嗅觉。）提出了本文要论述的话题：科学家们现在正在试验维生素A是否可以用来恢复由于新冠所引发的嗅觉丧失。选项B与文意最贴近，故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
People who are good at small talk always avoid these 5 mistakes.
Assuming that nobody wants to talk to you
If you're shy, I get it. But you're not the only one. If you're worried about seeming unconfident or "unnatural", you're missing the point: Stop thinking about yourself.____16____.
____17____
Timing is everything. If you see two or more people vigorously engaged in conversation, they're probably not ready for you to barge in.
First, wait for a pause. Then once you have someone's attention and, ideally, receive a non-verbal go-ahead, it's the ripe time to join in the conversation.
Being hard to follow
Once you've made a connection with each other,____18____.
If you speak different languages, for example, slow your speech and enunciate clearly. If they ask you what you do for work, answer in a way that doesn't take five minutes or contain a lot of technical terms.
Talking too much about yourself—or about the other person
It's often said that people love to talk about themselves, and that asking questions is the secret trick to good conversations. But that's not true for everyone. Nobody likes to feel interrogated（审问）,____19____.
Wasting someone's time
____20____. Don't stare at the floor or look over their shoulder at another person. Put your phone away. Be present and give them your full attention.
A. If you're talking to someone, talk to them
B. Start talking without having something to say
C. keep that connection going by making yourself easy to understand
D. Interrupting an existing conversation
E. Then once you have someone's attention, that's your chance
F. so if you sense that questions aren't welcome, back off
G. Instead, think of communicating as an act of service
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. C 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。叙述了闲聊的人应该避免的5个错误。
【16题详解】
根据前一句“Stop thinking about yourself”（不要考虑自己），所以可推知，下文可以表述应该思考什么。选项G. “Instead, think of communicating as an act of service”（ 相反，把交流看作是一种服务），instead此处表示转折，同时句中think of与上文中think about构成逻辑上的承接，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据空白处所处的位置可知，本句应和其它的黑体部分的内容在结构上一致，所以应用是Doing结构，内容应为此段的总结。选项D. “Interrupting an existing conversation”（打断已经开始了的谈话）。在句式结构上和其它的黑体内容句式一致；同时根据后文“If you see two or more people vigorously engaged in conversation, ...it's the ripe time to join in the conversation.”（如果你看到两个或两个以上的人在热烈地交谈，他们可能还没准备好让你插嘴。首先，等待暂停。然后一旦你引起了别人的注意，理想情况下，接受了一个非语言的行动，那就是加入谈话的成熟时机。）提到了打断谈话的最佳时机，说明谈话被打断了。所以选项D符合题意，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Once you've made a connection with each other”（一旦你们建立了联系）讲述了建立联系，句式为条件状语从句，所以接下来可叙述对于这种建立的联系要做什么。选项C.“keep that connection going by making yourself easy to understand”（通过让自己更容易理解来保持这种联系）与前文意义相一致，符合题意，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据标点可知此句为半句，结合前文“Nobody likes to feel interrogated”（没人喜欢被审问），可知没人喜欢被审问，所以接下来可叙述一旦遇见了这种形式的提问，我们如何做。选项F.“so if you sense that questions aren't welcome, back off”（所以如果你感觉到问题不受欢迎，退后）描述了我们的做法，与前文意义相符，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Don’t stare at the floor or look over their shoulder at another person”（不要盯着地板看，也不要越过他们的肩膀看别人。）可知前一句应该在说谈话时目光的位置，选项A.“If you're talking to someone, talk to them”（如果你在和别人说话，就去和他们说）符合题意，故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It had just been a few years earlier, it seemed, that Indigo — a black Labrador — had first barged (横冲直撞) through our door. She was____21____flies right out of the air, and she was a sight to behold.
She had a talent for making____22____. On one occasion, I came home to find that she'd eaten a five-pound bag of flour. She was____23____in white powder, and flour paw prints were everywhere, including,____24____, on the counter-tops. I asked the dog what the hell had happened, and Indigo just looked at me with a____25____that said I cannot imagine what you are____26____.
Time____27____by. Our children grew up and went off to college. The mirror, which had____28____a young mom when Indigo first arrived, now showed a woman in late middle age. I had surgery for cataracts (白内障). I began to____29____my hearing. We all turned______30______: me, my husband, the dog.
In August 2017, I took Indigo for one last walk. She was slow and______31______on her paws. She looked up at me mournfully, "You did say you'd take care of me, when the time came," her eyes said. "You promised." She______32______that month, a tennis ball by her side.
Sometimes even today, I'd find myself looking for her,______33______she might be sleeping in one of my children's empty bedrooms. For a dozen years, Indigo had been a constant part of the______34______that held us together. Now she was______35______.
21. A. barking B. jumping C. biting D. playing
22. A. trouble B. snack C. challenge D. help
23. A. shaded B. filled C. covered D. equipped
24. A. incredibly B. fortunately C. eventually D. acceptably
25. A. notice B. glance C. remark D. nod
26. A. calling up B. objecting to C. making up D. referring to
27. A. escaped B. raced C. slowed D. stopped
28. A. reserved B. acted C. lived D. reflected
29. A. get B. lose C. suffer D. use
30. A. anxious B. tired C. afraid D. gray
31. A. regretful B. powerful C. unsteady D. alarming
32. A. passed away B. got away C. broke away D. stayed away
33. A. as if B. in case C. since D. when
34. A. comfort B. friend C. glue D. resource
35. A. missing B. separated C. losing D. gone
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一只叫Indigo的拉布拉多犬与家人深厚情感，以至在它死后家人仍然深深怀念。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在空中咬苍蝇，她是一道亮丽的风景。A. barking吠叫；B. jumping跳；C. biting咬；D. playing玩耍。“bite flies”咬苍蝇，用以形容这只狗活泼好动。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她有惹麻烦的天赋。A. trouble麻烦；B. snack零食；C. challenge挑战；D. help帮助。根据下文“She was____3____in white powder, and flour paw prints were everywhere, including,____4____, on the counter-tops.(她身上到处都是面粉，面粉爪印到处都是，甚至包括厨房的案台上)”可知，她把家里搞得一团糟。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她身上到处都是面粉，面粉爪印到处都是，甚至包括厨房的案台上。A. shaded把……涂暗；B. filled填充；C. covered覆盖；D. equipped配备。根据上文“On one occasion, I came home to find that she'd eaten a five-pound bag of flour.(有一次，我回家后发现她吃了一袋五磅重的面粉)”可知，狗吃面粉，弄得身上到处都是白色面粉。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她身上到处都是面粉，面粉爪印到处都是，甚至包括厨房的案台上。A. incredibly难以置信地；B. fortunately幸运地是；C. eventually最终；D. acceptably可接受地。根据上下文可知，作者对于狗爪印出现在案台上表示难以置信。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我问狗到底发生了什么事，Indigo只是瞥了我一眼，那眼神像是在说我不知道你说的是什么。A. notice 通知；B. glance瞥一眼；C. remark评论；D. nod点头。根据空格后“hat said I cannot imagine what you are____6____.”可知，狗只是瞥了作者一眼，假装什么都不知道。用拟人手法描述狗做错事后的表情和动作。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我问狗到底发生了什么事，Indigo只是瞥了我一眼，那眼神像是在说我不知道你说的是什么。A. calling up打电话；B. objecting to反对；C. making up编造；D. referring to提到，谈论，指……。根据上下文可知，此处指狗假装不知道作者在说什么。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：时光飞逝。A. escaped逃跑；B. raced快速移动；C. slowed变慢；D. stopped停止。根据下文“The mirror, which had____8____a young mom when Indigo first arrived, now showed a woman in late middle age.(Indigo刚来的时候，镜子里的女人还是一位年轻的妈妈，现在已经是一位快要步入老年的女性了)”可知，时光飞逝。故关B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Indigo刚来的时候，镜子里的女人还是一位年轻的妈妈，现在已经是一位快要步入老年的女性了。A. reserved保留，预订；B. acted表演；C. lived居住；D. reflected反映，映照。根据空格前“The mirror”可知，作者看着镜子中映照出来的自己。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的听力开始减退。A. get得到；B. lose失去；C. suffer遭受；D. use使用。根据上文“I had surgery for cataracts (白内障).(我做了白内障手术)”可知，时光飞逝，作者变老，身体开始出问题，所以此处表示作者听力开始减退，所以是失去。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的头发开始变白：我，我丈夫还有这条狗。A. anxious焦虑的；B. tired累的；C. afraid害怕的；D. gray灰白的。根据上文“Time____7____by.(时光飞逝)”以及“I had surgery for cataracts (白内障). I began to____9____my hearing.(我做了白内障手术。我的听力开始减退)”可知，此处表示时光飞逝，人和狗都老了，毛发都开始变白了。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她走的很慢而且步履不稳。A. regretful后悔的；B. powerful强有力的；C. unsteady不稳的；D. alarming令人警觉的。根据空格前“slow”以及上文“We all turned____10____: me, my husband, the dog.(我们的头发开始变白：我，我丈夫还有这条狗)”可知，此处表示狗步履不稳。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她上个月去世了，身边放着一个网球。A. passed away去世； B. got away走开；C. broke away摆脱；D. stayed away远离，不靠近。根据上下文句意可知，此处表示狗死了。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：有时候，甚至今天，我发现自己还在找她，似乎她还睡在我某个孩子的空卧室里。A. as if似乎，好像；B. in case以防；C. since既然，自从；D. when当……时。根据上下文可知，在狗死后有时作者还会找它，好像它睡在孩子们的某个房间，作者表达了对狗的思念之情。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：十年来，Indigo一直是把我们粘在一起的粘合剂。A. comfort安慰；B. friend朋友；C. glue胶水，粘合剂；D. resource资源。根据空格后“that held us together”可知，此处指Indigo一直是把我们粘在一起的粘合剂。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在她不在了。A. missing丢失的；B. separated分离的；C. losing失败的；D. gone不在了，离开了。根据上文“She____12____that month, a tennis ball by her side.(她上个月去世了，身边放着一个网球)”可知，此处指狗不在了。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists have long discussed the possibility that blood pressure drugs might affect cancer risk. After several news stories____36____(publish) that focused only on the potential risk, some patients were____37____ (hesitate) about taking their medications.____38____the largest analysis to date should put their minds____39____ease: based on 31 trials, the 2020 university of Oxford review concludes that none of the classes of blood pressure drugs raises the risk of cancer. Meanwhile, there____40____(be) good evidence that these prescriptions help to prevent heart lacks and strokes.
People____41____(live) with obesity needn’t be reminded that, as a group, they have____42____higher risk of life-threatening health issues. It’s not that they don’t realize this; it’s that shedding extra kilograms and keeping them off is far____43____(easy) said than done. However, overweight people who eat____44____(healthy) have a low risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, according to a new study. Swedish researchers measured how closely people kept to a Mediterranean-type diet, and found that those____45____ ate a healthier diet were at lower risk of dying, regardless of their BMI. The authors suggest that we shift our focus onto healthy eating, but caution that being overweight still carries health risks.
【答案】36. were published
37. hesitant
38. But##Yet
39. at 40. is
41. living 42. a
43. easier 44. healthily
45. who
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文为和健康有关的话题，讲述了我们要将注意力转移到健康饮食上，但是要注意超重仍然会带来健康风险。
【详解】1.考查时态和语态。句意：在几篇只关注潜在风险的新闻报道发表后，一些病人开始犹豫是否要服药。分析可知，空白处在句中为时间状语从句的谓语，结合主句中some people were可知，此处的时态应为一般过去时；动词“publish”与主语“news stories”之间是被动关系，时态为一般过去时的被动语态，从句主语stories是复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were published。
2.考查形容词。句意：在几篇只关注潜在风险的新闻报道发表后，一些病人开始犹豫是否要服药。分析句子可知，设空处为形容词作表语。hesitate“犹豫不决”为动词，其形容词形式为hesitant，常用于短语：be hesitant about sth.(对某事犹豫不决)，结合句中提示，故填hesitant。
3.考查连词。句意：但迄今为止最大规模的分析应该能让他们放心：基于31项试验，2020年牛津大学评论得出结论，没有任何一类血压药物会增加患癌症的风险。根据上下文描述及语境可知，此处应为转折关系，一些患者对于服药治疗是犹豫的态度，但分析结果会使他们放心，用but/yet，首字母大写。故填But/Yet。
4.考查短语。句意：但迄今为止最大规模的分析应该能让他们放心：基于31项试验，2020年牛津大学评论得出结论，没有任何一类血压药物会增加患癌症的风险。固定短语：at ease“放松”，结合句意，此处指结果让他们很放心。故填at。
5.考查主谓一致和时态。句意：与此同时，有充分的证据表明，这些处方有助于预防心脏缺陷和中风。分析句子可知，空处为there be句型，结合就近一致原则，空白后evidence为不可数名词，视为单数，所以此处要用单数。另时态为一般现在时。故填is。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：不需要提醒有肥胖症的人，作为一个群体，他们有更高的危及生命的健康问题的风险。分析句子可知，_______ (live) with obesity在句中为后置定语，修饰主语people，动词live与主语people为主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词，故填living。
7.考查冠词。句意：不需要提醒有肥胖症的人，作为一个群体，他们有更高的危及生命的健康问题的风险。分析句子可知，higher是辅音音素开头的单词，空处应用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。
8.考查比较级。句意：这并不是说他们没有意识到这一点，而是说减掉多余的公斤并保持住它们远远比说起来容易。集合设空后than可知，此处要用形容词比较级。故填easier。
9.考查副词。句意：然而，一项新的研究表明，健康饮食的超重人群死于心血管疾病的风险较低。设空后前eat为动词，所以此处要用副词作状语来修饰动词，指健康地饮食，故填healthily。
10.考查定语从句。句意：瑞典研究人员测量了人们遵守地中海式饮食的程度，发现那些饮食更健康的人死亡的风险更低，与他们的身体质量指数无关。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“those”指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假设你校英文报有一个专栏“橙子辅导（英语）”，你是该栏目编辑Rachel，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。该同学的困扰是：坚持背英语单词，可是却很难保持长时记忆。请用英文给该同学回信。内容要点包括：
1.表示理解并给予安慰；
2.提出建议并说明理由；
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Worried,
I appreciate the effort and time you put into the vocabulary learning and thank you for speaking to me regarding the problem you’re having with it. I understand that this must be quite a challenge for you. I’d like to share with you some of my insights regarding remembering English words.
Initially, the key to it is revision and repetition. You may as well review the words you’ve memorized on a daily or weekly basis, which certainly helps you remember words more efficiently. Additionally, there is no better way of learning a language than being exposed to it in context. Only by applying words to your own experiences will those words go to your long-term memory.
I hope I’ve been able to help, if only in a small way. And I know that you will successfully resolve this issue.
Yours sincerely,
Rachel
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给署名为Worried的同学写回信，对于该同学在背英语单词方面的困扰表示理解并给予安慰；且提出建议并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
关于：regarding→in regard to/concerning
此外：additionally → in addition/what’s more
复习：review→go over
投入：put into→ be devoted to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’d like to share with you some of my insights regarding remembering English words.
拓展句：I’d like to share with you some of my insights which is concerned with remembering English words.
【点睛】[高分句型1]You may as well review the words you’ve memorized on a daily or weekly basis, which certainly helps you remember words more efficiently.（运用了限制性定语从句中缺少宾语关系代词可以省略和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]Only by applying words to your own experiences will those words go to your long-term memory.（运用了only+介词短语放句首引起的部分倒装句）
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, Julia Koch began what was only her second year as a first grade teacher in a virtual classroom at Edgewood Elementary School in Muskegon Heights, Michigan. One September afternoon a few weeks into the school year, she received a call from Ann Phillips, who was having technical difficulties with her granddaughter's tools for online learning.
Julia immediately knew something was wrong with Ann. The two women had spoken numerous times before, but Julia had never heard the grandmother sound quite like this. Her words were so jumbled（混乱的）that Julia could barely understand her, though she was able to make out that Ann had fallen four times that day. Julia called her principal, Charlie Lovelady, who assured her that he would call and check on Ann himself.
Just like Julia, Charlie could barely understand Phillips. He suspected she might be having a stroke（中风）—he recognized the signs from when his own father had suffered one. Charlie was able to make out the word "kids" and immediately became concerned that Ann's two grand-children, aged six and eight, were probably home alone with her—she is their primary guardian—and scared. Charlie asked his office manager to send an ambulance to the grandmother's home. Then Charlie called Vandiebilt Mathews and Keytria But-Walker, two deans in the school district, to tell them what was going on. Both of them dropped everything and drove to the family's home.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
When they pulled up less than ten minutes later, the emergency workers were treating Phillips.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But the school's crisis response is only one piece of the community's extraordinary efforts.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1：
When they pulled up less than ten minutes later，the emergency workers were treating Phillips. The quick response from Julia and Charlie saved Ann’s life. She arrived at the hospital in time to get treatment and before chronic damage occurred. “If it weren’t for them, I wouldn’t be here,” said Ann from her hospital bed about a month after her stroke. Thanks to an extended stay in the hospital, she has regained most of the movement throughout her body except for one hand and a portion of her mouth, which affects her speech. “I’m proud that people responded so quickly that it did make a difference for Mrs. Phillips,” says Julia. “I am so pleased to be part of such a caring community.”
Paragraph 2：
But the school’s crisis response is only one piece of the community’s extraordinary efforts. Another family with young children took in the two girls. When that became too much to handle during the day with at-home learning, school contacted the local Boys and Girls Club, where the girls now spend their days as part of a program to help working parents. They return to the host family at night. Virtual learning has been a challenge across the country, but in Muskegon Heights it has helped the community grow closer. Many teachers there gave their personal phone numbers to students and families in case they needed extra help. In this case, the exchange is literally life-altering, for people care about each other, and they don’t just say the words. They just follow through.
【解析】
【分析】本文以时间发展为线索。朱莉娅·科赫在2019年冠状病毒流行期间，在一家虚拟教室上课。在一个下午，上课时她接到了安·菲利普斯的电话，电话中菲利普斯讲述她的孙女的网上学习工具出了技术问题。电话中菲利普斯的言语混乱，因为担心，朱利娅给校长打了电话。在校长打电话询问中，校长怀疑菲利普斯患了中风。随后校长让他的办公室经理派一辆救护车去菲利普斯家，同时也打电话给两个学区的院长，这两个院长便放下一切，开车去了菲利普斯家里。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“不到十分钟他们就开车到了这个家庭。急救人员正在给菲利普斯治疗。”可知，第一段可描写菲利普斯在得到医生的救治后，恢复了健康。
②由第二段首句内容“但学校的危机应对只是社区非凡努力的一部分。”可知，第二段可描写这个学校在应对其它的危机时的处理方法。
2.续写线索
开车到菲利普斯家——医护人员救治——菲利普斯康复——学校解决其它危机事件——虚拟学习改变了人们的生活
3.词汇激活
行为类
发生：happen/take place
由于：due to/owing to/as a result of
获得：acquire/gain
影响：influence/have an effect on
解决：deal with/work out
情绪类
高兴的：delighted/pleasant
自豪的，满意的：satisfied/contented
【点睛】[高分句型1]
If it weren’t for them, I wouldn’t be here,” said Ann from her hospital bed about a month after her stroke.（运用了虚拟语气）
[高分句型2]
I’m proud that people responded so quickly that it did make a difference for Mrs. Phillips,” says Julia. （运用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句）
听力:1~5 ACBCA 6~10 BABBC 11~15 ACCAB 16~20 CACBA