2022年高中英语语法知识点梳理--主谓一致语法

2022年高中英语语法知识梳理--主谓一致主谓一致的原则 一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则“语法一致”是指，句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致。He goes to school early every morning.他每天早晨很早去上学。They go to school early every morning.他们每天早晨很早去上学。The boy is playing basketball now.这个男孩正在打篮球。These boys are playing basketball now.这些男孩正在打篮球。主谓一致的原则 二、意义一致原则二、意义一致原则“意义一致”是指，侧重于依据实质意义使主谓保持一致。1.形式虽为单数但意义为复数的名词，谓语动词用复数。Cattle eat grass.牛吃草。The police were called in.警察被召来了。2.“the+形容词（或过去分词）” 指一类人时，谓语动词用复数。The injured were taken to hospital.受伤的人都送进了医院。The English do not drink much wine.英国人不喝很多酒。3.形式为复数而意义上是单数的名词谓语动词用单数。Mathematics is the language of science.数学是科学语言。His Selected Poems was first published in 1965.他的《诗歌选集》最早是1965年出版的。主谓一致的原则 三、就近一致原则三、就近一致原则“就近一致”是指，谓语动词的形式取决于最靠近它的主语的单复数形式。1.or，either ...or，neither ...nor，not only ...but also ...，not ...but ...连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。Either you or he is right.要么是你对，要么是他对。（he决定谓语动词形式）Neither you nor I am going there.你和我都不打算去那里。（I决定谓语形式）Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。（your father决定谓语动词形式）Not only you but （also）he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。（he决定谓语动词形式）Do neither my parents nor my elder sister like running？我爸妈和姐姐都不喜欢跑步吗？（my parents决定谓语动词形式）【比较】①What he does or what he says doesn’t concern me.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。（or连接what从句，遵循“就近一致”原则）②What he does and what he says don’t agree.他言行不一。（and连接what从句，谓语动词用复数）2.there be句式中谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。There is a book and three pencils on the desk.桌上有一本书和三支铅笔。There are three pencils and a book on the desk.3.“就前一致”原则“就前一致”是指，主语后面接下列单词或短语时，谓语动词由前面的主语决定。along with as much as as well as besides but except in addition toincluding like more than no less than rather than together withMike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike，like his brother，enjoys playing football.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。The boy，together with his parents，is visiting the museum.这个男孩和他父母正在参观博物馆。His parents rather than his brother are at home.在家的是他父母而不是他哥哥。Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。No one except two servants was late for the dinner.除了两个仆人外，没有一个人迟来用餐。All but one were here just now.刚才除了一个人外都来了。Everyone else，besides myself，believes him to be innocent.除了我自己以外，别人也都相信他是无辜的。The father，rather than the brothers，is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由父亲而不是由兄弟们来承担。The teacher as much as the parents，is to blame.教师和家长都应受责备。